The New York Herald Newspaper, October 17, 1853, Page 1

WHOLE NO. 7597. HIGHLY IMPORTANT FROM EUROPE. FOUR DAYS LATER NEWS. Arrival of the Steamship Atlantic. WAR DECLARED_ BY TURKEY AGAINST RUSSIA, | The Russian Treops Ordered to | Winter in Turkey. Reported Commencement of Ho3- : tilities, General Effect of ihe Announcement, ACTION OF THE VARIOUS CABINETS. ATTITUDE OF THE DIFFERENT NATIONS, RELEASE OF KOS2ZTA. GIS DEPARTURE FOR THE UNITED STATES, ANOTHER REVOLT IN CIVITA VECCITIA. THE CASE OF MISS CUNINGHAME. The Mexican Debt to Fran cc to be Liquidated, | PROGRESS OF THE CHOLERA IN ENGLAND. STATE OF THE &o., &e., MARKETS, &o. J The United States mail steamship Atlantic, from ‘Liverpool, Wednesday, October 5, at one o'clock, P. M., with two hundred aud ten passengers, arrived yesterday afternoon, shortly before one o'clock, The news by this arrival is highly important. The Turks had declared war against Russia, fall -details of the particulars and effect of which startling announcement are given below. Among the passengers who came in the Atlantic | were Lieut. Maury, of Washiugton, Gen. Suniner, of | Boston, aud James Anderson of London, the distin- guished tragedian. | The Asia arrived at Liverpool at 10 o'clock on the | forencon of Bunday, 2d. On the 28th ult, lat. 50 46, | | forms, which we may ape i Jon. 28 26, passed the Aravia fur New York. ‘The cholera is spreading siowly in Liverpool. Ten cases, of which the most part were fatal, oocurred on board the Silas Greenman, in port with emigrants | for New York. | A disaster occurred to the packet ship Isaac Wright, from Liverpool on the 20th ult., for New York, with 600 passengers. @n the 27th ult., in a | fog and storm, she struck on the Irish coast, and al- | thong got off, had unshipped her radder, and when | spoken by the Oncasta, from St. John, N. B, was | Jeaking badly. On learuing the mishap a steamer | was immediately sent from Liverpool to her assist- | ance. The Issac Wright was brought back to Liv- erpool with twenty deaths on board. The Liverpool Underwriters’ Association have pre- sented an address to Lieut. Maury. | Cotton was irregular, bus can hardly be quoted lower. { Breadstuffs closed at about former quotations, but « had shown some symptoms of dallness the previous three days. British funds had materially declined, owing to the news from the East. Consols closed, on the 4th, at 91 a 914, at which businees was reported. Koszta Released and Shipped for the United States, Advices from Smyrn» of Sept. 21 state that on that evening Martin Koszta. the Hungarian refugee, would sail fur the United States on board the Ame- rican bark Mimosa. This was tobe done with the | consent of all parties concerned, and thus the matter, so faras Koszta himself is concerned, was settled. | Mr. Brown was at Smyrna on the 21st, to see the businees duly finished. THE EASTERN DIFFICULTY. The following highly important despatch, announe- the declaration of war by Turkey against Russia, | ‘was received by submoriue telegraph, ani is the latest information upon the subject :— Viewsa, Monday Evening, Oc The Divan, at the Grand Council held this day, re upon & declaration of war egainst Russia. Aguinst the advice of the four powers, the Sultan has signed the declaration of war. Report says that hostilities have alroady begun The above des yatch, telographed by an extra of the Chronicle, was known in Liverpool on the 4th inat., but not fully credited. The mails to hand on the morning of the 6th, partiy confirmed it, The London Standard publishes the despatch wituout guarantee The Globe says:—“Ia publishing the foregoiag im! portant intelligence, we would merely state, that although our owwa information does not an- thorize us to corrobwate the main fact o @ declaration of war, it is of a aature to ‘warrant us in placing every credit in the statement. ‘That the Sultsa had, on the 27th, conyoked a grand council, consisting of one huadred and twenty of the principal mizisters, counsellors, pschas and others ; that the question of yeuce and war was submited to Ahem by him, and that bey had decided in favor of the latter ailtervative—oli tuis is beyond a doubt. Sach being the case, our resders will see that all the pro- pabilities are in favor of the correctness of the main feature of the intelligence ” Other accounts inform us that at the Grand Coun- cil despatches from Omer Pacha were read, urgently sounselling war be’ore the winter should svt in. It was further stated that Prince Gortschakoff was moving troops as if he intended to croza the Danube for the purpose of attacking the Turkish position at Roustchouk. The Aspect Previous to the Reported De= claration of War. TERMINATION OF THE IMPERIAL CONGRESS OLMUTZ—PEACK THEN EXPECTED—POLICY AUSTRIA—POSITION OF THE COMBI E CABINET COUNCIL OF ENGLAND NANCES—DESPATCHES FROM FRAY lved | AT or THE GOVERNMENTS—1.4 ACTION OF PATOHES, HTC. The conferences between the Emperors of Rassia and Austria, at Olmutz, bad ended, and the Czar had returned to Warsaw, whitaer the King of Prus- sia had gone to meet him, and the Emperor of Aus- tria was to follow. New propositions were converted at the O)muta meeting, and particu’ars were sent to the English government direct from thence. Stronger hopes of @ pacific solution were therefore entertained in diplomatic circles. The conference at Vienna ‘has been re-established between the lour Powers, and the thread of the negotiations has been resumed, giving the probability that a solution more prompt, and ps peaceable, than was expected, was at | band. | From Oimutz, Septembor 29, the correspondence ' | the alert, but no hostilities had occurred. Owin, | fusal of a metropolitan paper ssys :—The conferences be- tween the two Powers bave ended. The #Amperor Nicholas and Count Nesselrode have given to the Empercr of Austria and Count Buol Schauenstein the most poritive assurances that there is now and henceforth no question of any isolated action on the | part of Russia with a view to the subversion of the Cttoman Empire, and tuat the sole object of rhe Hin- peror Nicholas is lo terminate the entire affair with enor, aod put an end t» the suspense inthe Hurope &L money market as quickly a3 possible. For this purpose it is the anxious joint desire of the Cabinets of Vienna aud St. Petersburg, that, with the coucur- rence of the governments of England, France and Prussia, the collective action of the Vienna confer: ence should be renewed, und that its result should be a formula of assurance so perfectly satisfactory to the | Porte as to held forth every prospect of” accep- ta ‘The question is therefore regarded as substantially terminuted, and henceforth involving only a few leave to the tact of the diplomatists, unles» the Moslem fanaticism which Russia has so incautiously evoked, shoud interpose a barzier. These assurances will take place with a view to enable Russia to accomplish, without hamili- ation, the wished for point of the evacuution of the Principalities, but will involve, on the part of the five powers, no tecanical guarantee to Turkey beyond what alresdy exists m the treaty of 1841, and which, in fact, (sa; he writer,) would be superfluous. Private accounts from Olauts, 28th, says that this peaceable result of the conference was mainly owing to the assurance given by Lord Westmoreland, that the British government would not insist on the Porte’s | vecepting the Vienna note without modifications ; would at least abstaia from advice to the contrary, and that it would varticularly guard against making any pledge of material support to the Sultan in case he hould declere war against Russia; that, on the e: hand, the Emperor of Rassia would not con- sider the arrival in the Bosphorus of a few ships of war, such as those which have passed the straits, as a violation of the treaty of 1841, provided the object of that demonstration was really to keep in check the fanatical party at Coustautinople. Apropos of Oluuiz, it was remarked with surprise b the French papers that Lord Westmoreland should have been present at Olmutz, while Baron Bourqueney, the French Ambussador, was absent. The explanation given is that none of the diplomatic corps were invited, and Westmoreland was present | only in his capacity of a general officer. The London Daily News contiras the statements made above with respect to the reconstraction of the Vienna conference, and pithily sams up the matier by saying that tre task devolved upon this resusci- | tated conference is to let down Russia as softly as pos- sible. The News further says :—“ What it is that makes Austria so ready to listen to reason is obvious enough. The treasury is empty, and nobody will lend to a State so often bankrupt and apparently so incapable of taking rational measures to restore order to its finances. A day or two before the arrival of the Czar at Olmutz, Count Brentano returned from a wind- raising mission, upon which he had been despatched to London, Amsterdam, Frankfort, &c., with the report that no one is disposed to deal. A represen- tative of the house ot Rothschild, who had been in- vited to Olmutz, probably told a similar story; at least, in his place of residence, Frankfort, the gene- ral rate of discount has risen to five per cent, and at the same time the price of Austrian securities has fallen two aud a half. Austria is anxious to have peace, because it cannot afford to fight. Austria is peerey disposed; Russia is peaceably disposed; ut their object will be to persuade the resumed couference at Vienna to enable them to back out of the scrape they have got into on as favorable terms as possible. Of the three remaining powers, one at least, Prussia, is likely enough to play their game. The semi-cflicial Austrian Correspondenz briefly announces the settlem: nt thus :—“ A new scheme ot adjustment has been agreed on at Olmatz, and will be forthwith offered for acceptance to the Porte.” Vienna letters of the 2d inst. add, that when the conferences Froper, to which Russia and Austria were parties, had terminated,a council of ministers was held, to which the ambassadors were invited. It | was at this meeting that Lord Westmoreland made bis proposition of a Collective Dectaration, which oted. This declaration, the heads of which joned above, is understood to be identisal, or nearly so, with one proposed by the Earl of Clarendon upon the Czar's rejection of Redschid Pasha’s modifications. On the morning ot the 27th ult. orders were sent from Oimutz to clear the railroad immediately. When this had been done, a Russian courier with despatches left by a special train for St. Petersburg. The Constitutionnel states that the French and British governments had also sent couriers to St. Petersburg with important despatches, which would arrive there on the 6th inst. At latest accounts the Czar’s rejec\ion of the note wes generally known throughout Turkey, but no outbreak had occurred. Constantinople was per- fectly tranquil. From the Principalities we have nothing but war- like news. Prince Gortschakoff had communicated to the commaxding officers of the different corps of | bis army the order from the Minister of War to winter in the country. Both armies continued to be on the to the number of desertions, the Russian cavalry Thad been withdrawn two marches from the Danube, and their place bed hd by Cossacks. Omer Pacha re- warded every deserter from the Russians, but pru- dently sent them all inland. vere among the Russians. No other yeasels of the fleets had come to Con- stavtinople except those already mentioned, nor was it likely in the meantime that the head quarters would be removed from the bay of Besika. The correspondent of the London Times, writing Cholera was very se- | from Constantinople, upon the 13th of September, saysi— No pee information as to the acceptance or re- y the Emperor Nicholas of the siodifications introduced by the Porte into the “projet de note de Vienne” has been here received. All apprehension of # rerolution at Constantivople is for the mement passed—for, although considerable ‘excitement pre- vails among the Mussulman population, the explana- tions given by the Ulemas who signed the address to the Sultan, when iuterrogated before the Shiek-ul- slaw, in the presence of Redsehid Pasha, are.of a nature to reassure the Christian stated it to be far from their intention to cause trou- ble or embarrasement to the government; that they were grieved by the interpretation put upon their in- terference—an interierence having solely for its end a desire to recall to the counsels of the government the spirit of the Koran, which enjoins all trae Mussul- Tans to repel by force any intrusion on the territory Islam. Ty of Moslem population éesire war ardently, and panied by serious difficulties. ‘The dread of this nay possibly interfere to prevent further concessions being made on the side of Tur- key. Providing for t'is contingency, the Turks loudly avow that they will not yield in anything, unless forced to do eo by France and England. Great loss is suffered by British trade in the Dan- ube from the present obstructed state of the mouth, and @ correspouding agitation is commenszing in the ecmmercial world here. ‘The exchange is 119 p. Freighta to the Danube rule extremely high. Coal is mach in demand, and is selling at from 368. to 40s, per ton. ‘The Paris correspondent of txe same journal, writ- ing upon the 2d inst. states:—A person who is gene- rally very well informed has just ved me that the conderences of Vienna a o ber. ed, if, indeed, they are not resumed at the momens I write, and, as 1 have observed, that there i3 every appearance of a favorable issue. My informant adds, that the ramora of a coalition between the three great Powers of the North are cempletely unfounded ; that the Emperor of Austria goes, it is true, to pass one or two days at Warraw, but it is merely a visit of ceremony, aud las nothing to do with polities. {am also informed that the Marquis of Lansdowne leaves Paris this evening for Lendon, to be present at a cabinet council, the Ministers having been all summoned for the purpose. ‘The correspondent of the London Morning Chro- nicle, writing from Constantinople upon the Lith of September, says:— British influence is at stake here. The late articles of # morning contemporary of yours, recommending the acceptance of ths Vien- nese note to the Tarkish Government, or rather declaiming at their having dared to introduce modifi- c it, have created a disagaeeable sensation here. , however, needless .to allude further to that subject. as the true signification of these modi- fications bas been fally exposed in the able article that eppeared on thut subject in tue Chronicle at the end of just month, Mr. Brown, the United|States Charge d’ Affuires at Constantinople, leaves today for Smyrua. The Austian and American Minister, the former having re erred the matter to his Government, have come to an agreement to allow Kosata to return to America, I have been shown a letter written from Persia, which states the influence of Turkey to have much increased, in consequence of the steps taken by Atmet Effendi of late, especially with regard to the Turkish differences with Russia, J have just received the following very important hews trom my correspondeus, the Hirupyeuu piail olli- opulation. They | tess the dubanding of the troops consequent on | urrangement not involving war, may be accom: | | later than last letters, the Grand Connell, a body cer, dated Turkish headquarters, Schumla, Sept +:n- ber 14, 1853:— Prepara aons gon'inue here nabs you to-day is, that the Russians we numbers at Sistro and Rahova, In oppose the enemy sta | at the othe: given ordurs, also, to fire f Matsehin a and other fortified places, on the Russian ganboats which should pass the mouth of the Froth. events, &e. The Kreutz Zeitung winds up its autumnal “ cir- cumepice” with these words to the address of France | and England :-— An edifying sight is to see how all artifices having | for their immediate object material policy, are ship- wrecked upov the great reality of the contradiction between the Greek Church aud Mahomedanism. The maritime Powers have shown their teeth to Russia. But now, scarcely agreed between themselves, the would rejoice were the Sultan to endure that whic! he cannot cure. Germau Powers have takea up the position the y ought never to abandon—namely, that of brotherly union, of unity in the face of (western) Evrope, and of grateful ren iebip towards Rassia. There cau be no truer, more fruitful or powerful | concepticn in the extensive policy of the tive Powers than “ European concert’ or pentarchy, having no other object than a return to its focus—the Holy Alliavee. It adds:— Advices have been received in Vienns from Constsntinople to the 22d, from our corres pondent in thst capital He states that up to the present moment the Porte persists in refusing to sign the Vierpa note, without tae modifications which it requires. Austrie, France and England have counselied its acceptance. Great ferment is observabie among the population, but no distars ance has occurred. Adyicev buve also been re nople to the 24d, via Bushar Lhe Council o Ministers were to meet tr ght. No hostilities have ss yet occurred on the Lower Danube. The Cologne Gazette publishes the following let ter from Beilin, 25th ult:— We learn fromm @ good source that the Russians are sending troops in great haste from Sebastopol to re- inforce the garrisons of the ports of Anakli, Poti and Iam anxiously awaiting the course of ‘ed from Constanti Nicolaief. It is kuewn that the Curks have caused troops to adv e from Trebisond and Urzercom to- ds the Tureo-Russian frootier. '{nis is why the avs have thought it nec in order that, in the tions of Prince Pa: sary to adopt measures ent of war, the plan of osera- pwitech in 1829 might be fol- lowed up. Erzeroom 1s as important on the Turkish territory as Tiflis on the Russian. These two towns form the bases of all military operations in those countries, as ay. open the “oulythree practi- cable roads. The northern line of operation crosses the valley of the Kur. It is defended by the fortress- es of Achar, Ardagham, and Achaljik, which have only been in the hands of Rassia since the peace of Adrianople. The second leads by the froutier Ras- sian village o Gumri, or by Tschalka and Achatkal- aki, to the Turkish fortress of Kars. The third line starts from Erivan, and passes by the Turkish castle of Toprak Kale. Late advices from Paris say, in the official Bona- partist circles the language employed is exceediagly warlike, which circumstance leads to the supposition that the intelligence received from Olmutz is not of @ reassuring character. Satisfaction is expressed here amongst tnese same persons that the entrance of the English and French vessels into the Sea of Marmora will have become kaown to the Czar at Olmutz, rather than at St. Petersburg ; because-at this latter place the Autocrat would be less under restraint, aud might adopt all at once some violent course, The Journal de Francfort, which passes for being an organ of the Russiai government, says it knows that so long as a British or French ship of war re- mains in the Bosphorus the Emperor of Russia will not evacuate the principali ies, but that the moment the note of the Conference shal! have been accepted, and the foreign ships of war have been withdrawn, orders will be given to the Russian troops to recross the Pruth. ihe sourrel de Frencfort publishes a letter from a meichant at Bucharest of the 10th ult, which states thet business in the principaiities is vi brisk, that the Russian superior officers were miki extensive purchases, particularly of articles of jux- ury, and it those who were married haye been joined by their families, which leads to the concla- a that the Russign troops will pass the winter there. CABINE NG OF THE ENGLISH MINIST ENT MINISTERS & AONED TO pO! isters now in London, constituting a ma- he Cabinet, met on Monday, the 3d instant, att reign Office, and beid a long couference ou the present position of Eastern affairs. The intelligence which was the immediate occa- sion of the meeting was that on Sept. 26, a week The jority « consisting of about 140 magnates of the Turkish em- pire, had recommended the Sultan to make a decla- ration ofwar. The force of that recommendation, and the etpendling of the Sultan acting upon it, as well as the particulars of the proceeding ascribed to the Grand Council, must remain a matter of cenjec- ture until the arrival of more definite information, which was hourly looked for, by the route of Mar- seilles. As the telegraphic announcement to hand was not very pre ‘ise, and as ma matter of such mo- ment it would be desirable to have a fall meeting of the British cabinet, some days would probably clapse before any fresh decision would be come to; the more 80, that nothing will be Gone without the accord of France, and that Lord Redeclifte’s instructions include orders how to acs in the event of a declaration of war either by Turkey or Russia. Lord Redcliffe is under teod, or rather supposed, to have disapproved of the step taken by the Grand Council, and woold, without fail, do his best to delay further proceedings. Beyond the above there was no news of political interest. The absent members of the Cabinet had received orders to reassemble at London, without delay. The Queen was still at her conntry seatat Balmoral, Scot- land. EXP: GARD TO I. POR EVERY EM IENCY. Ty the way of Belgium comes a statement, for which the public were not unprepared, to the effect that the French cabinet had at last expressed, in strong teums, its “surprise” at the irresolute conduct . ie British ministry with regard to the affuics of urkey. It a openly asserted that the French govern- ment covsidered that France bad been duped by Aus- tria, outwitted by Russia, and unskilfully led by Lord Aberdeen. ‘The Minister of War was said to have issued orders ofanatuie to convey the impression that France must be ready for every emergency. | A Teulon paper contirms this by stating that all oflicers and suldiers on Jeave in that city are ordered MENP WITH RE- ANCE TO BE READY The Constitulionnel states that tue cabinets o° Londen and Paris bave sent special couriers with importartdespatches to S* Petersburg. They will reach thot Gty on the 6th inst. After various fluctuations tle exchange closed with a rie The Three per Cents closed at 751. 20c. for the end of the month, end the Pour-and-w Halt per Cents at 100/. 60. The Assemblée Nationale announce: the repre» d England is to be re- is 9 prosyect of a speedy and de sirable settlement of existing difficulties. Sr. Perensnena, Sept. 24, 1953. The fleet has been ordered back Oronstadt, there to remain at the disposal of the government. Vienna, Oot. 2. The semi-oficial Austrian Correspondenz states that a‘ new scheme of adjustment bas been agreed ov at Olwutz, and will be fortawith offered for ac- ceptance to the Porte.” [he Bourre yesterday exhibited a marked im- provement :—Metalliques, 92; Northerns, 223. When the conferences proper, to which Rassia snd Austria were parties, had terminated, a council of ministers was held,to which the ambassadors were invited. It is said to have been here that Lord Westmore'end made h's proposition of a collective declaration, which bes been accepted. Berry, Oct. 2. The King of Prassia quitted Berlin tots (Suaday) evening, to meet the Czar ab Warsaw, with two aides-re-cam a. ‘Tbe Russian Baltic fleet tas received orders to put into Cronstadt and be jaid up im ordinary, in conse- quence of the prevalent stormy weather. Const ancin The rejection of the Turkish amendments by Rus- sia is now generally known, but no disturbances have taken place, Opinions of the Leading London Journals upon the Kastern Qnestion. From the London Times, Oct. 8.) 8o protracted bas been the suspense of the Eastern question thet it must have been difficult to foi- low the intricacies ef diplomatic ings, or to Preserve a continuous appreciation of the actual | chikoff MORNING EDITION---MONDAY, OCTOBER 17, 1853. stages of the dissure. At the present moment the position of affairs is 2s foliows: —After the original differences respecting the ho'y places had beeu ad- justed to the satis‘action of a1 parties, Prince Meas- presented a note to the Curkish governuent pantabitog certain decvands ou the part of the Caar respecting @ spir.tual protectorate. T'nexe demands the Divan considered inadmissible, and im this opi- nion it was confirmed by the concurrence of the Foor Powers, wiio approved its refusal, and charged themselves with the substitution of some terms which the Porte might accept in piace of the objectionable note of the Russian Ambassador. These terms they settled in_a note of their own, which bas been styled the Vienna note ; and this note, which they tuought the Porte might safely admit, the Emperor of Russia at ouce agreed to admit also, But at this, which seemed the coaclu- ding poiut of the proceedings, arose an extraordi- nary difficulty. The Turkish government alleged that the Vienna note dii not really exclude the objectionable features of the Menschikoff note, and it suggested, therefore, certain modifications, which the Four Powers approved. The Russian govera- ment, on the otver hand, not only rejected these moditications, but took occasion to declare expl citly that it bad understood the Vienna note as including substantially the terms of the Mensciikotf nots. The Four Powers were thus pla ia a singu Jar situation. Ou the one side it is incontestibiy manifest that they mu-t honestly have ia- tended to frame ‘heir note ia the Turkish as opposed to the Rursian interests, for otaerwise there conid Le no meuning at allia their supersediag Prioce Menschikoff in the transaction, not to me xtion that they cirectly admitres the modifications of Tur- key as expressing their own designs. Yet, on the other side, it is equally plain thst they failed to give effect to their intent 'ous in the wording of their note, for both of the ori 1 parties to the dispute con- curred in giving is that very seose whici the med a- tors eschewed. The Turks objected to the Vienna note shat it closely resembled Prince Menschikott’s, and they modified it accorcinzly. The Russians ob- jected in turn to these modifications that they de- stroyed the Vienna cote, which, for the very reason tha; it resembled Prince Menschikoff’s, had been ac- cepted at St Petersburg The Conference, therefore, pertly, perhaps, by accidest, and partly, no doubt, irom an anxiety to soften the terms or its award, had so expressed its intentions as to mislead both par- ties in the sa xe direction—urks and Russians to- | gethercombiniag to think that the Vienna note meant | the)Menschikoff note, or very early so. Until this | Ceclaration had been openly made’ by the Court of | St. Petersburg it was competent to the conference | to remcnstrate with the Tarks by assuring them that the den vers ageiast whéekt they sought to guard by their mod figations had no real existence; but when the Russian*ipterpretation came at the back of the Turkish prétitidn. in precisely the same sense, it, became evident that the Four Powers had failed in expressing their own meaning. They were then, therefore, ca.led upon to define this meaning avew, and make another experiment in ascertaining how far their arbitration would be successful when more iutelligibly exercised. Russia accepted their terms once, but uncer a palpabie mis- understanding—will she accept them when they are more plainly conveyed? This is the question now at issue, and it is atthis point thatthe quarrel stands. All the Four Powers must necessarily incline to Turk- ish interests, tor all concurred in disapproving the Menschikoff note, and in approving the furkisa mo- difications. All, however, were not acting with equal freedom, perbaps not with equal sincerity, and Aus- tria bas moditied ber adhesion to the policy of the conference since it has become necessary to close more effectually with Russian pretensions.. Never- theless, the duties of the interposing powers remain the same. They are called upon to maintain, it pos- sible, the peace of Europe by adjusting the difleren- ces between Russia aud the Porte ; but i+ is plain, from what bas already transpired, that their conclu- sions, though apparently so (avorable to the Russians as to be accepted at St. Petersburg, and so uafavor- able to the Ottomaas as to be refused at Constanti- | nople, were, in reality, framed in the interests of Turkey. , ? It is certainly not very creditable to professed: dipl: matists that they should have proved s) incum- petent to express their meaning; but the learned in | al! sciences occasionally to fall into the like-error, and it pow only remains to repair it. By one suggestion to this effect it bas been proposed ‘that the original Viewna 1 ote should be left unchanged in text, but quaiified in purport by a “declaration” fiom the covterence to the effect that it means, with respect to the Ru-sian protectorate, what tho Porte desires. This expedient, by procurng the assent of Lurkey toa note alzeady accepted by Raseia, has been de- scribed as promising to terminate the ¢ salty, but J fess ourselves at a loss to comorehesd how it bh any practical s » The ever may be its meu can at soy rate but one meaning only. this, at present, has been uaderstood as a meaning which Russia accepts and Turkey rejects. The conference can, undoubtedly, and even truly, “declare” that ifs real meaning was something different, and Turkey may then accept the note ; but will it be acceptable to Russia any longer? Or, if it should be, can eny reliance be placed on such an assent? If Russia accepts,as something substan- tially resembling her own note,a note which has been pressed upon Turkey as something precisely ‘contrary, can such an acceptance be of any value a3 a permanent arrangement ? et as suppose, for example, that tl note, as thus ‘interpreted’ tor the safi the Porte, was received with acquie Turkish government, and still admitted at St. Poters- burg. When a case for its application arrived, the Czar would, of course, put upon its terms that con- structién which he avowedly gave them when he agreed to the arrapgement, avd would interfere with the subjects of the Sultan accordingly. The Sultan would then appeal to the authors of the note as in- terpreted by their own declaration, aud the end would be that all the presen’ embroilment would oceur again, avd all the expense and trouble of opposition would be required anew, at a period, per- haps, when the Czar was better prepared and his adversaries less ready to resist him. The expedient of the declaration, in short, can be only based on giving two meanii gs to one sot of words—a meaning forthe Sultan, and a meaning for the Emperor Nicholas; whereas true conciliation can proceed upen nothing but an adjustment and compromise of ner, | conflicting claims. We taay induce Russia to abate her pretensions, or Turkey to modify her objovtions, and by reciprocal concessions agreement may be at last obtained; but to assign to each party all that it asks in opposition to the other, and to appeal to a single instrument as ratifying thee coutradictory terms, would be a transaction savoring either of childisiiness or Josuitry, The real intentiovs ot the | conference are perfectly understood, and the more sensible and straightforward way would be to ex- press these intentions in such language as would ad- | mit of but one interpretation. [rom the London Times, et. 4} The ministers now in town, constitutiog of the cabinet, met yesterday at the i and held a long conference on the present position of Bastern affairs. As the intelligence 9 had called them togeth fectly cistinct and de a mojority a Office, as w2a not in itself of a per ve character, and aa in a matter of euch moment it will be necessary to wait the arrival of the oth all of whom are hastening to the metr 8 will probably elapse befixe anythi ot a frost de- cision can be expec igence which was the immedi that ow the ) t last reported dates neon of the meeting was, a week later thin the Grand Coaadil, vont 149 magoates of the Trak had recommenget the Sultan to moke a declaration of war. The fur that re- nd the probability of the Sultan's upon it, a8 well as all the culars of the proceeding ascribed to the Grand € main matters of ¢ exact information vuncil, must re- yjecture till the arrival of more ch, accordisg to the same telegraphic despatch to which we ave indebted for all that is knows on ot—nuy soon be ex pected by a courier, via Marseilles. “Phe news, as far as it goes, must ne considered very unfavorable to the hopes of those who lave labored for peace, bat, at the worst, it must ¢ be some time before these hopes can bo given up, or any change of policy demanded en the part of ovr government. It does not act at all without I'ran ein the matter, and ho conimunication haa yet been received from Paris. The deciaration of war by the Porte was a covtingen- cy contemplated in the instructions givea to Lord Stratiord, who hos thereby the pow nif subse~ quent instructions did not give it,to send for the fleet. He will, doubtless, do whatever be thinks bes} for the det he Sulian, and will be fully supported in thot policy by the government at home; though, evento? un actual declaration of war, it may © iil be in oor power to save the Porte from the consequences of that act without offensive opsrations. Lord Straterd 1s understood, or rather supposed, to have disapproved the step taken by the Grand Coan- cil and would probably do Ins best to delay farther proceedings. ‘The intelligence from Olmutz is in all respects of less importance. Concessions and assurances have been ostensibly made by the Emperor at a time and in a form ,when they could be very little, in worth the face of the Violently ag ive policy too I hi Sere fe eer acers | | | pase | which Russia seeks to establish fresh rights iu fursey and an influence never before possessed, x0 as to reduce the negotiation ov the Vienna note to a hol- low pretence ultedy unworthy af the great powers sad great interests concerned in it. It is true thas Rssia stil! pretends to deumnd what nobody has ever wished to deny he-, viz:—the maiutenauce of treaties, and of the sta?ns quo in religious matters. That she can have whevever she chooses to be coutent with it, but nothing wore In the interest of peace every effost bas been made to keep Russia to her word, and to secure her si] that she is entitled to; but all attempts at further eocroachiment will be resisted, as they have been from the commencement of her present aggressions. In dealing, however, with a power that evidently seeks to gain time, anc that is avowecly avuiling itself of a protracted negotiation to secure a position in woich negotiation may be dis- pened with altogether, it is obvious that, while Twany reasons might exist for friendly remonstrance at the first appearance or suspicion of such conduct, a time must come when the mast will be thrown off on one side and forbearan ase oa the other. The full disclosure of the Russtan policy canuot but give a new character to the resistance of the chief inde- poovent powers of Europe. Sach a paas mast bave een foreseen by the Emperor of Rus-ia, who could hardly have sipposed either that Kurope would look on quietly #t the sudden and uprovoked treruy- tion of his hordes into the dominios of a peacefa and friendly neigbbor, cr chat it would content itselt with a barren protest and a traitless negotiation But now that the Emperor stands arraizned at tue court of common order, civitization, sad honor, as @ Caurcless urber of the public eace, the discrepancy between his fair words and bs violent acts cannot but infuse some misgivings into a conscierice not wholiy deadened. by power and ambition. The Emperor risks the peace of Evrope, and does his be-t to ligata flame which neither he por his sons may live to sce extic guished—for what? Either to obtain whit be has not even a color of rigat to, or, if we are to al low him a certain sort of honesty, to gratify his pride by rejecting some harmless modifications, necessary to allay the alarm of the Porte, and thereby to se- cure the eee own professed intentions. This he does on the petty plea that they are proposed by the Turkish government, and that therefore his hon- or is concerned not to accept them, though ever 80 | g monstrous, 80 grossly insulong, that the writer of insignificant. or this the peace of Europe is to oe jeopardized, and u straggle commenced which must indeed be ruinous to furkey, but whick will be so ascured!y to other powers also, and not the least to | that vast but poor and ynmanageable dominion which threw down the gauntlet and deted the indig- nation of the civlized world. [From the London Morning Chronicle, Oct. 4.) At o meeting of the Ottoman Council, held at Constantivople, on the 23d, ¢fSeptember, and which wasattended by upwards of a hundred persons, it was unanimously decided that, a3 Turkey could make no further coucession to the demacds of Rus sia, and.as the Emperor declined toaccept the Vienua note in its moditied form, war was the only alterna- tive; and the Ministers of the Sultan were entrusted with the duty of adoptiog the measures necessary for giving efiect to thatdecision, Such a resolution, however frangbt with momentous consequences to Europe, is not more surprising than the final con- summation of avy fatal, disorder. It certainly has not been formed hastily or without deliberation; for few instances will be found in the annals of history, of provocation so greatoa the one side, or o° for- bearance so exemplary on the other. Those who question the title of Turkey to vindicate her invaded independence by arms, would refuse her the right to use Apes weapons which wrong may wield with tri umph; but those who, with more generous instincts, espouse the cause of jus'ices and weakness, against oppression and power, will apolaud the manly de- termination of her government and people. At such a mowentas the preseat, it is desirable to bear in mind the exact position in which the govera- ment of Turkey was placed on the 234 of Septem, ber, and to review pie vhe steps which have led to the present crisis, It is pow nearly six months since Kussia first. putforth pretensions to an interfer- ence in the internal affairs of Turkey, under the pre text of a religions proteotorat, over the Greek com- the Ot oi dominions, Sach a de- © with the indepeud ty. The Czar demand- or convention, which bt of an unlimited She claim was ab! suorts in its ob: reaty Kaiuarsjt, in 1774, Rus- y bas sought to di the ‘of Constantinople, under the ru: the well-being of the Greek Christian subjects Porte, The proposition for a synalia, matic conventiin was, however, so_perempty jected, that it w 93 not further pressed; bu note was de- mand ot the Porte b: shikoff, con- | taining a cectaratory adm part of the viously required a cession by trea of those chai they huve been examined and rejected by Harope. The well-reasoned despatches of M. Drouyn de Lhays and Lord Clarendon were hardly pretersions which were argument thau force. it to remark that the diplomatic the four powers set cut, in enteria; on the Viens con!erence, was 3 recoguition of the other inadmissibillity of the demands of Russia as conveyed | ‘The del:berations ot in the Menschikoif ultimatam. Englend, France, Austria and Prussia, for the pur- exe of devising & substitute for the impliedly olved a declaration of the inj the cla‘ias which that document embrs though they were thus con¢emned by the great Pow- ers of Hurope, Russia did uot hesitate to invade the | tories of her neighbor for the puxpose of com- & the Porte to concede all that she had re- quired The Danubian provinces were occupied by the armies of the Emperor, the stipulated tribute to the Ottouian Porte was diverted into tae Russian chest, and the suzerainty of the Sultan over the ae dars fe superseded by the mandates of a Rus- sion General. Soch has beer, the situation of things ever since July. An indeyendent country has, without provo- , been invaded by a foreign power, who still possession of her provinces, in order to enforce pretensions alike insultiog and injurions. An um- prejudiced person might weil ask, under such cir- cumstances, nob why war was declared in Septem | ber, but why i was not declared severa\ moaths ago. The status belle unquestionably commenced on the day when the first Russign ‘soldier crossed the such was the view taken by the western powers, as is manifest, not only from the of thinisters, but from the move: i fleets. Englacd and France, by the sae of the Dardauelles, recognized the fact hat Turkey was at war, and they will now have neither the di position nor the right to dispute the lite of Turkey to show that vigor, as well ag moveration, animates ber councils. For two mouths the I wh i precipat beoran dsbecannotnow be jasily charged with “cy of want of moderation. The for- d self control Hl i ud n eving nation” has shown, striking contrast to the insolvent aed overbearing demeanor of the “ civilize power, | which hes brought Hare ett of how i Rus: just quarrel, ent short negotiatic vy an armed in on, Durkey, thoivh smarti v ipeult and wroug, has sus: of the great- perdcd a resc to arms until o py gemens see A pe bs ° f sitions of & severe gn the fait of the Gos spd_of the hose reliance ie on tue swo he decision of the Turkish council, « that the declaration of hos. wsion of the Principalities was suspended at the instance of France and England, in the hope that a diplo- ic accommodation might be effected. The his- of the Vienna Conference is well known. Tt ar with an ey of coming to oment, bat he ey availed him- is pretensions without abatemont in the most insulung spirit. Afver two months ution, he contumeliously flung back hol ultimatum into the teeth of the vermment. Bat the Porte, after this corefal rejection of the modifications, which the powers of Merope had declared to be reasonable, t no other conclusion then that all at- to indoce the Emperor by negotiation to aban- dep bis iiguitous Cains had et last become useless. Who, then, wil blaaé Turkey if she now epposes nm armed resi ce tosnarmed invasion? Certainly who have hitherto proclaimed sym- f her wrongs, But it is, vevertheless, im- posinie to contemplate without dismay the conse quences which may be entailed upon Europe by the yeck less anu! on of One unscrupulous man. Let us hope that, in the Providence of God, we may yet be | whenever the | teved from them. the autocrat of th tertible eventuslity of a European war, Tf however, he is determnied to test in the field the Ne of ie ee ae neve ee ee han the right of the stronges’ p issue ma} calmly accepred in this form. War is, anquestions| an ovil, but there is a still greater evil even than the ne. and that, at the last hour, even cersity of meeting force by force, and that is, a bas ! ing to the banners of M PRICE TWO CENTS. and cowardly submivsion to the menaces of vy lence and wrong. The calamities which may ensu» may fall heav:!; on helpless populations, but the respoa- sibility will reston the head of him who ba ore ferred the aggrandisement of his Euipire, not only to the welfare of bisown sabjects, but to the peace of Europe. TTRRS OF M2hQUE—AME ND YANKEE VKIVATHOERIN [From the London News, Oot. 4.) By the latest arrival of Amerian papers, we seo what is the most astonishing, if not the must impor- taut, incident of the Tuarco-Russian quarrel, in the eyes of Aisericans. The marvellous iaciden; is, that the Eoglixn Times has paiuted out, as oae of the liabilities of the war inte which that quarrel may lead England and France, that their commerce will be preyed upon by American privateers under Ras- sian letters of marque. the conception is a bold one —so bold eu one, that it suggests to the reader that there must have been 4 gres; cearth of argaments in favir of the Russian side of the queston before such @ supposition could be put forth as that of American vessels chasing us at sea in the in- terest of Russia; the freest nation in the world rob- bing the nex’ freest, in aid of the despot whose very Dawe stands for tyranny ‘The reply ot the Ameri- can bewsps pers is exce lept ae far as iv goes, Aware, probably, tha: some Awerican doings ut sex have deprived the people at large of the right to resent such an imputation with ubsolete scorn, the reply is in a quiet and expository tung, which is the most manty and dignified that the occasion admits of. The first reply appeared in the New York Courter and £quirer, aud it is generally adopted by the newspapers of the whole country. It relates how, during the Mexican war, when there were threats of American commerce being aesailed by privateers under Mextean letters of marque, proclamation was made by the governmeut and the people of the United States, that every privateer crew thot should be captured would be hinued as p rates, exceptsuch #8 could prove themseives Mexican. | The artic! roceeds to state that in case of war between E: co is the sreatment that e: ery respectaole American would wish to be inflic! AN AN- | upon any privateer crews of his countrymen that might be caught pluaderiog under Rus- sian letters of marque ‘he mere supposition is the artice deserves creoit for the calmness with which he controverts it; and the mors because, at the time it was.written, there was scarcely, a doubt in the mind y A can that’ war between Russia, France and Bogland woald break out very soon. The excuse of the Times seems to be that the Americans have munitesied a predatory spirit on re- peated occasions within a few years; and that the country which has sent out a’ piratical expedition againstsCuhe, and is known to ebave lated more, may well be suppored to bespigaticalty in- clined, wheoever the temptation occurs. A very liule knowledge of political and social affairs in the United States wou'd have obviated a view so unjust and absurd; and that kaowiedge itis highly desira- ble for public writersto obtain, at a time when Amer- ican intervention m the affuirs ot Europe is be- coming a subject of dsep interest to every civilized nation. There can be no maztner of doubt that the sympa- thies of every man in the United States are in favor of political freedom. Within twenty years there might be, and there was, sn aged gentleman here and there who regretted pigtails und King Georges, and the dignity. of columal office holding; and a venerable lady or two who pryed night and moroing that the rebellious colopists might become sensible of their presumption, and humbly sue to be received again into the bosom.of the parest monarchy. Such per sons so thought eet payer a3 a Jacovite lady, here and there in Eugland, within our remembrance, as- rerted in the sazwe way the divine right of the Sta- arts. But this loyal prayer has been hushed by death in both countries, ‘and the survivors have to a men. opened their eyes upon a new day. There is not aoa American who is not bound by every. conceivable sympathy to the popular cause all ‘over the world. All instraction, ail asso- ciation, all patriotic virtue, all national pride and vanity, al'tae iyfluences of every kind. to which\he is subject, (rom bis cimele upwards, contbice tw ren- der ire covcestion of political cespotism ‘whélly Monctrow in his eyes, aud almost incredivle to his tind, There is no potat ip his meatal structure on which pathy with the Czar couid fasten; while every chat’bus ever been precious to bis race, und every emotion which stirs withia bimself, is om the sise of England, and perhaps yet more of France, in the oxisting quarrel, There aze deep philosophi- cal and political row: Why the closest boud of all should be between the cons and the French Leople ; but iu the present care France and England wre as one; aed American goodwill may be regi ps extended equaly to voll, “Bat,” says the author | not of Sultan, of all the claims of which Russia had pre- | ef au unserupulous comuumoity.” needed to ex- | whol supported by no | sufficient | tion is at the botton of Hastie basis, from | everything wicked, everything fooli wspended that declaration of hostilities | all. ‘ by (he taw of nations, she was entitled to | whic? the American people are really divided, and ofthis romance of the privateer, “the question is litical sympathies, bat of the rapacity In that view, On the merits. | also, the surmise is wholly unjust, and would never Ss itis not now necessary to enter, for | have been hazarded by any one who bad any effectual imsigit inte American affairs. The faults, the crimes, which bave efforced & pretext for the supposition are y caused by the great and fearful: American ity--the institution of slavery. That institn- questionable, > everything | impolitie in any way that the United States have done for along course of years; and itis a grave volitical mistake to argue from what the Americans have dove in their own hemisphere what they would do in ours, Such censure as they deserve, the aust be visited with and endure; but they are not and never wii! be, in any sense or degree, t eullies of European despots against the peoples of any countries onea:th. The eyes of the world ought to be fixed on their restiess efvits to extend their empire tothe south west; and on y claim to drive out or exclude from entrance, aay Huropesns settled, or desiring to settle, in any port of the Western continents. Their Florida war, forthe tacit: purpose of seizing for slaves the halt- breed Indian avd negro chiljren iv that wild territory, shoud uot be forgotten; nor their onnexation of Texas; nor their Mexican war: aor their declared avidity for Cuba; nor the disgraceful transactions ia tho ports of New York, Phiadelphia, and Balti- more, in regard to Cuba and its slave trade. Every political change, every whacediintable new law, should be studied by the baleful light of this one institution ; and ail will be intelligible; and among | the clearest points of the case will be the total ab- sence of conneciion between these transactions and any sympathy with European despotism. The failure of Kossuth's mission had nothieg to do with any sympethy with Austria. Kossuth bad freed the servile class in Hungary; and this alienated from him the whole Southern peel aud the slave- Offi holding interest. in all parts of the States. | Kossitia de the fatal mistake of iguoring the whole sul of personal freedom while agitating on behalf of political freedom; and this cost him the sympathy of the whole body of abolitionists, whose social infiuence is now wice spread and heartfelt be yond all other social influences, where admitted at all, Kossuth thas /ailed with both the parties inte Hungary might thus jose much; bat assuredly Austin gained nothing, exceptin os far as Aun garian failure ys Avetyian gam. There have beam indications since, at Smyrna and ejeewhere, of what the te is Ietween Austria and the United States 6 there is enough suspicion of what it is between the i Sta Russia to direct a good many ey where the two taneous fit 6: expl oo nob share the pectation whic ms to be seriously enters ined im some qnarters, that the Americans will take a parton the ap Dg Murepean wars in the old fashioned way, nding troops to fight on (he Hungniien plains, or to keep the passes of the Alps. As we understand their position, they are precluded by their domestic difficulty from this mode of action, even if it were otherwise suitable to thelr circumstances, The jealousy between North and South, engendered by elavery; the eagerness of the South for Western conquest and extension, for which she has pot the means but by having the com- mand of the vationa) forces ; the abstraction of force rendered necessary by the presence of slaves ; all these circumstances, and a good many more, reuder it im; ossible at present that American armies should come to Kurope, or conld be relied on to remain there long enough to be good allies. Ina word, while the Am ans keep up slavery at home, they are precluded froin fighting for freedom abroad, ag fighting bes hitherto been dove, But they have ships, of a quality of vigilance avd valor, that the world pretty well. kuows 5 and they have di into a natione! ¢ with it, dlomacy—a diplemary which sinks sgrace when savery is mixed up when a Soulé goes to Madrid, fall of notious and very curious Jaoguage about the orship of Cuba} and as «hen aa Everett fore wtinotion between mewn and tuum on We same topic; bata diplomacy which has dove high credit to the netional ability, beart and manners, yusiness Was unconnected with that disastous remnaut of barbarism which makes a ¢ Russias may recoil before the | whole people burbaric in one of its aspects. A) from that, the nation testimony Las cver been borne fully and freely to oe are of liberty nd. jestice—so freely that it is as suppese that American citizens will be countenanc: in privateering in the cause of Russia as it to ine the Caar conniving at his soldiery szzink or Kosguth, i sae i I d