The New York Herald Newspaper, October 11, 1853, Page 4

NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNBTT, PROPRIETOR AND EDITOR]) OFFICE H.W. CO) Ro FRE DAILY HERALD ° conte per cory—@? rer annum. TE WEEKLY HERA Dievery Sa urday at Ow conte ver copy, or $3 per annum the Euro ea. Edition $4 per mam (0 cny ort of Great . ritain, and © team, parte to include stage ALL Ue rrERs by ma for Subseri ions or with Adver- feements to be pout pid, or the postage ill b: de‘ucted from Oe ey OE MENTS renewed ever day. vgad RASSAU STS. Velume XVIII... No. 282 AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. METROPOLITAN HALL—Jviiisn’s Concent. BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery—MacnetH—Pinate OF wae loLee. BROADWAY THEATRE, Broadway—Inxtann asst Is— | Law vor Lapize—Harry Man | NIBLO’S, Brosdway—Paquira—Mepina, BURTON'S THEATRE, Chambers street—Tux Rivars— ‘Tum Toon.ss. NATIONAL THEATRE, Chatham street—Uncim Tom's — WALLACK’S THEATRE, Broadway—Love in 4 Maze— ‘Tus Jenxinses. | AMERICAN MUSEUM—Afternoon—Trv ne rr Ox—Mrt- Mamea’s Houipay. Kyvening—ORnrHan’s DREAM. Pn AVENUE—Afterncon and Rvening—Faaxco- | CoLossaL Hirvopnome. gprs AMERICAN OPERA HOUSE, 473 Broadway | Emworian Maxooies xy Cxaury's OrmmalTaovre, | D'S MINSTRELS, Wood's MusionigHalli¢éé Broad: | —SrMioPiaN MineTRELSY eee 8 OPERA MOU Bruswrtay Orrna frovrr. BANVARD’S GEORAMA, 0) Brosdway—Panonama ov | wun Horr Lar. x | HOPE CHAPEL, 716 Broadway—PRaxmumermin’s Paxo- Bama or Niacana. asi | ACADEMY HALL, G3 Droadw: RHENISH GALLERY, 663 BIGNOR BLITZ—Sxrvvvasant IxetizuTE, CHINESE ROOMS, 609 mio ov THE S¥vEN POWELL’S GREAT NATIONAL PAINTING yor ree VERNNENT 18 NOW OPEN AT THE ART-UNION GALLERY, Broapway. New York, Tuesday, October 11, 1853, , 689 Broadway—Buckiay’s | | -—Siarrine Mam, iway—Day and Evening. Malls for Europe. TEE NEW YORK WE®KLY HERALD. The royal mail steamship America, Capt. Lang, will | Jeave Boston cn Wednesday, at 12 o'clock, for Liverpool. Bubscriptions and advertisements for any edition of the | Rew YorK Hsnitp will be received at the following places tm Europe — Lrvmaroo1—John Hunter, No. 2 Paradise street. Lowpon—Edwards, Sandford & Co., Corahi « ‘Wm. Thomas & Co., No. 19 Catherine street, Pams—Livingston, Wells & Co., Rue de la Bourse, “ — B,H, Revoil, No. 17 Rue de la Banque. ty at three The European mails will close in thi Welock this afternoon. ‘Fhe Wan Hana will be published at half-past nine @’elock this morning. Single copies, in wrappers, six- pence. The New: ‘The steamship Illinois arrived yesterday with the California mails to the 16th ult., and about one mil- Hion and a quarter in gold dust on freight and in the hands of passengers. In addition to some further in- telligence from the Golden State, this arrival enables us to publish late and very interesting news from Sonora, New Granada, Jamaica, &c. The accounts of the merciless depredations of the Indians in Sonora are truly startling and melancholy, ‘The savages were murdering the whites, including ‘women and childres, wherever they could be found. From appearances the pale faces would in a short time be totally exterminated unless Santa Anna should speedily push forward a strong military force to protect them. Little change bas occurred in the state of political affairs on the island of Jamaica since the date of our last advices. The opponents of the existing admin- istration were anxiously awaiting the arrival of the new Governor, who was coming in the steamer Brisk, and has probably reached Kingston by this time. Fears were entertained for the safety of the Danish brig Enchantress, which bad been out some two months. Our news from the republic of Costa Rica extends toa fortnight later than that which we previously had. From other portions of Central America the intelligence 1s also later. We find that hostilities had ceased between the little republics of Honduras and Guatemala, and that treaties of peace and amity were being or had been negotiated between some of the other republics. There had been severe shocks of earthquake felt in several parts of Costa Rica. The port of Iztapan, in Guatemala, was formally | cloced on the 13th of July, by order of the supreme government, and its business transferred to San Joce de Guatemala. With the exception of the’ announcement that the appcinument of Hon. John Y. Mason as Minister to France will be officially promulgated to-day, we re- ceived nothing in the shape of political news from Washington yesterday. A rumor was current in this city during the afternoon that the removal of Col- lector Bronson had been positively decided on, but as our correspondents make no mention of the matter the statement is probably premature. A despatch from Washington states that much ex- citzment exists among the Creek Indians, and trou- ble is anticipated with them, in consequence of the recent arrest and punishment of certain por- ties who were guilty of introducing liquor into their country. Some interesting information to those con- nected with the revenue and naval service is also contained in the despatch. The’ near approach of the election keeps the poli- ticians of this State busily employed in making their nominations for legislative, judicial and local offices. For State Senators we perceive that Sanford C. Parker has been selected by the adamantines of Onondaga county, Daniel G. Dorrance by the whigs of Oneida, and Col. Cook by the temperance party of Erie. The whigs of this city will hold their pri- mary elections to-day. The delegates to the Adam- antine Judiciary Convention met last evening, and, alter organizing and naming candidates to be ballot- ed for, adjcurned til] to-morrow. Elections take place for State and other officers in Pennsy.vania and Ohio to-day. Great excitemen exists among the democrats in Philadelphia in con- sequence of a rumored understanding between the whigs and natives to support the same ticket, in which case the nominees of the former party would probably be defeated. Forty-two persons died of yellow fever in New Orleans during the week ending last Satarday morning. The reports from the interior of Louisi- ana declare that some towns have been nearly depopulated by the epidemic. One of the most destructive fires ever experienced in Providence occurred yesterday morning. During the work of devastation by the flames several fights took place between the firemen, in one of which a man named Doughty was brutally beaten to death. Snow, accompanied by hail, fell in Syracuse yes- terday afternoon. According to the weather-wise this early appearance of snow is indicative of a severe winter. (@in the Board of Aldermen last evening Alderman Peck offered a resolution to regulate the rate of speed at which the Hudson River Railroad cara should be driyen, in consequence of the number of accidents which have recently occurred. Alderman Doherty seconded the resolution, and said that in the history of steam navigation he never heard of such an amount of reckleesness as was exhibited on that por- tion of the line which rans through his wars. The resolution was referred. The Alderman of the Sixth moved that in the matter of opening the Jones’ Wood Park, the name of the Mayor should be stricken out from the Commissioners, and that of the Street ‘Commissioners inserted. Alderman Sturtevant said that the Legislature passed the act upon the grosseat misrepresent: sons, and in conflict with the actions | of the boar’; the cit'zens of New York are opposed to it; but it is got up bya number o! interested indi- viduals for the purpose of enbancing their property. | He voted for the avopticn of the resolutions. Alder man Alvord said that though the Legislature voted for it, the city was to pay for it, and he would vote for tle r.so'ut'on, which wos ultimately adopted. A veto from the Mayor w 8 received against raising , the salary 0 Alfred C ancellor, the scrivener of the | Halls of Justice, from $800 to $1,250. The Trienn'al Convention of the Protestant Epis- copal Church held its fifth day’s meeting in St. John’s | Church yc sterdey. The most important and interest- ing portion of the proceeedings was a debate which arose upon a proposition of the Rev. Dr. Mason, of | Indiana, to the effect that the delegates re-express their good feeling and sympatby (or the delegation of @.vines from the Church of England, and their desire for a more intimate interchange of opinion | with the established Church of that country. Many | eminent lay members thought that this savored of a union between Church and State here, which they | said was most repugnant to the American mind, as was any idea of an interference by the Angli- ican Church in our ecclesiastical affairs. The resolutions of courtesy were adopted, the members | unanimously eschewing all notion of contemplating thereby a church establishment here, or any union | with the hierarchy or civil heads of churches in | other countries. The steamshi» Canada is about due at Halifax, with one week’s later news from Europe. It is thought that the Humboldt, advertised to leave | Southampton for New York on the 28th ult., was detained at Havre by low tides. Her owners conse- quently do not expect her to arrive before to-mor- row or the day after. ‘The Fivancial and Political Condition of the United States. The year 1837 was one of the most disastrous in the annals of our country. One thousand of our most distinguished merchants, shipowners, manufacturers, and financiers, in the city of New York. broke down in the space of two or three weeks, and forty thousand more were struck down in the country, causing failures to the amount of five hundred millions of dollars, and involving all the banks, and the States themselves, afew years after, in the same catas- trophe. The social calamities which followed in the train of this terrible reversion in trade and finance are yet fresh in the minds of thousands. Families in wealthy and affluent circumstances were reduced to penury—widows and orphans driven to want—and the honest workmen, de- pending for the support of their wives and children on the wages of their daily labor, abandoned to idleness and despair. The savings of years of patient industry, the wealth amassed by long and successful labor, were swept off by one fell blow, and the hopes and prospecis of numberless fumilies irretrievably ruined. What was the in of this commercial, financial, and social revolution? it; but the chief cause, to which all others were Van Buren, andits mercenary spirit, which had already infused itself into the three last years of the administration of his immediate prede- cessor. It was the spoils politicians of the Albany Regency, with Gov. Marcy at their head, who produced the calamity of 1837. It was the men who looked upon the whole prob- lem of government as the art of procuring ma- jorities at the polls, no matter by what reck- less or despicable means, who did the mischief. What were commeree, manufactures, agricul- ture, justice, the honor of the republic at home and abroad—what the great mission of the United States, to men who treated every office under the government as public plunder, and summed up in Marcy’s motto, “ To the victors belong the spoil The administration of Martin Van Buren was ushered in with great promises, and with re- iterated pro! ons of honesty and integrity. A surplus of thirty millions had accumulated in the treasury. sufficient to control commercial enterprise and to affect every species the country was supposed to be prosperous be- yond all precedent; yet at bottom there was nothing but delusion, false pretensions, arro- | gant presumption, and want of system and knowledge, in all the arrangements of the gov- ernment. credit. the surplus in the treasury, the popular- ity and power of the administration, finally Mar- tin Van Buren himself, together with the Albany Regency, and all the vagabonds and spoilsmen under it, were swept from the board. We are now on the eve of a similar revolu- tion, under the auspices of Marcy and the young- er Van Buren. The vultures and spoilsmen of the party have again possession of the govern- ment, and are prostituting it to the same infa- mous purposes. Our paper circulation is more expanded than it was in 1837; banks have mul- plied in all directions; State credits, county credits, town and city credits, as well as rail- road and canal credits, have multiplied beyond anything dreamed of in 1836 and 1837, and the increasing imports will soon raise the surplus lions of dollars. Andin the face of these ap- palling difficulties, the threatening aspects of our foreign relations, and the approaching re- vival of sectional agitation at home, the power and influence of the administration are fritter- ed away in the distribution of the spoils among drunken vagabonds and rowdy politicians! In the midst of @ financial crisis, and surrounded by dan, from which to escape will require all the talent and all the experience of think- ing and reflecting statesmen, our Secretary of the Treasury issues his mandate to the Collec- tor of New York to take care of the weigh- ers, gaugers, tide-waiters, and watehmen of the Custom House! Is this not enough to alarm our business community? Can they look with passive in- difference upon the present condition of the country? Are they willing to trust their pro- perty and credit—the results of their enterprise and labor—to the hands of the present spoils Cabinet? Have they not an abiding interest in the faithful, energetic and statesmanlike man- agement of publie affairs? And are they not in the end the victims of every weak, vacil- lating, corrupt, plundering administration ? Why, then, should they not move in a body to rid the country and the President of Marcy, Davis, Guthrie, and the whole bunch of govern- mental burglars, whose minds cannot rise above the consideration of public plunder and the distribution of the spoils among personal friends and mercenary followers? Let ihe business community take the matter in band at once; let them form associations, and appoint committees whose special busi it shall be to procure the removal of the Cabinet, and let them not rest till the task is accomplished. We are on the eve of a great revolution in finance. commerce and politics, and it is duty and intere:t of every honest man to con- tribute his share to avert the danger. to whom a competency had been secured, | Many causes no doubt conspired to produce | whore governmental philosophy and ethics were | The crash at last came—wealth, | Our Foreign Relations i. Present Po- sition, Has it oceurred to Secretary Marcy and his piebald associates in the Cabinet. that while they are playing a game of fox and geese with a score or so of petty clerks and expectants in the New York Custom House, or visiting ana- thamas upon Mr. Edwards Lester for doubting the orthodoxy of free soil agitators, in or out of office, the great Powers of Europe have been carefully at work in reconnoitering our politi- cal system, with a double view of ascertaining its bearings upon them and the best means of dividing our councils and crippling our power as a nation? 1 While the Cabinet at Washington finds con- genial employment in the small tricks and weak devices of ahalf dozen camp followers and sutlers, by whom Gen. Pierce is surrounded, the great issue between Europe and America is being settled and pressed for trial. What- ever may be the signs of war in the East, and however men may speculate upon them, there is no question there which has not beeh practi- cally decided. The power of Russia is as com- plete on the Continent of Europe as that of the United States on this Continent. The great controversy which the future conceals is not between Russia and Turkey, but between Russia and the United States. Say what you will—give to England all the power she now asks, make Austria a perpetual empire, assure to France all that she posses, yield to the Ger- man States what you please, and when you have done there still remains before you the colossal power of the Muscovite Czar stretching his arms East, West, North, and South—consolidating his energies, enlarging his capacities by all the means that can strengthen his subjects, stimu- lating industry, encouraging and patronizing the arts, forcing and appropriating channels of commerce at every desirable point—now protecting, then despoiling—taking from Swe- den more than remains to that ancient king- dom, from Poland what is equal to the Aus- trian empire, from Turkey in Europe what is nearly equal to Prussia, from Turkey in Asia as much as all the smaller States of Germany, Belgium, and Holland together, from Persia the area of England, from Tartary an extent equal to Turkey in Europe, Greece, Italy, and Spain. Her frontier has been advanced seven hundred miles towards Berlin and Vienna, four hundred miles towards Constantinople ; she has reached and now passed the Vistula, the Danube, and the Araxes. She now presses again upon Turkey, China, and Japan, and holds in her hands the kingdom of Denmark to | open her to the North Sea. Such, in a word. is a portrait of the great rival power to America, Russia. Two principles underlie the movements of these contestants for dominion. Russia is a naked, unmitigated military despotism—it rests | upon the Asiatic principle in government, and subordinate. was the administration of Martin | is avowedly sustained by the divine right of the Czar to reign, and passive obedience on the part of his subjects. To this we oppose the as- sociation of American freemen ; and ultimately. perhaps much sooner than is expected, the great struggle will come off between these rival and antagonistic powers. Even now their outposts are in conflict. ‘Since the American Revolution this government has been performing its silent work of conquest up- | on the weaker but opposing European monarch- ical system. The wars of Napoleon were sus- ained by the republican spirit of Western Ea- rope contending with the extreme doctrines of control which prevailed in Eugland, France. Austria, Italy, Spain and Russia. The very question raised was that of legitimacy ; but it was decided without consulting the power that really brought on the issue. The republican movement in Europe in 1848 was another con- test between the cutposts of the opposing prin- ciples. These struggles have not borne at all | upon the main question—the real parties to the struggle. They have, however, been traced by every Europern government to their source— to the United States. There is not a Cabinet ia the world where the great Powers are repre- sented that does not regard this government as not only the true author of all the revolu- tionary movements on the continent—as the special disturber of Western Europe—but the only formidable obstacle to the dominion of des- potism hereafter. The peace of the Continent can not be maintained so long as the United States presents such an example of prosperity, | wealth and power, im an opposing, an antago- revenue in the treasury from thirty to fifty mil- | nistic system. The Cabinet at Washington should remember this great fact. It is time that they begin to appreciate their responsibility, and to learn the bearing of their policy upon international as well as mere local affairs. The movements of governments on the other side of the water effect our position and render neces- sary every precaution. The revolution in France and the establishment there of the Em- pire—the critical position and doubtful tenure of its Emperor—the sudden and friendly union between the Cabinets of London and Paris— their subserviency to Russia on the Eastern question—-their abandonment of Turkey and their surrender to the Czar the control of Eu- rope, involving at once the immolation of Tur- key and the sacrifice of Denmark; all these events have a bearing upon the United States and will certainly affect our political and com- mercial relations with the world. It is impossible to overlook the series of ra- pid and startling political movements which in Europe have followed each other in quick suc- cession during the last year; and expecially so as it is now manifest that their tendency if not their purpose has been more to bear upon the United States, and to divide their strength than upon any other Power, not excepting Tur- key. The latter government is harmless as a system and defencelees as @ nation. It op- poses nothing to Russia beyond geographical obstacles and the meteor flashes of a deep-seat- ed religious fanaticism. On the other hand, the United States have reached that period in their progress when they exert a positive, in- herent, and never-ceasing influence upon the political relations of the world. This is not found in the acts of our public men, nor is it confined to the mere dissemmination of our opinions. It comes from the principle which unites us in government, a principle at war— ever at war—with that which prevails on the other side of the water. We have risen to that position which not only commands notice from the great Powers, but, unfortunately, also their active and combined opposition. The formida- ble character of our system not more than the extent of our resources render us at once an ob ject of hatred and @ target at which the shafts of despotism will be forever hurled. We have geographical defences against assaults in our isolation; we have a marvel- lous power of concentrating our physical ener- gies through the agency of a net-work of rail- roads and internal steam navigation; we have boundless productions enough to meet all pos- sible demands of consumption; we have gold, silver, lead, iron, everything requisite to give us power at home. In addition to these we have cotton; and we so far control its produc- tion, and through it the industry of England, as to place the latter government in depend- ance uponus. Above all this we have the sympathies of at least one-third of Europe—an auxiliary to our institutions that cannot be conquered, and which must ever operate to hold in check combinations against us—a secret power, whose strength cannot be ‘measured, whose conquests are silent, whose ultimate dominion is inevitable. We have slavery, too, and in that is our strength and our weakness; the former in its production and the direct influence it exerts upon the labor of Europe, and thus indirectly upon the peace of the world; our weakness, because it is the only point upon which, by the aid of misrepresentation and ignorance, the masses of other governments can be made to unite in condemnation of our system and in assaults upon it. To this we are indebted for the combined movement of British and French abolitionists, and the agitators of this country, against our domestic peace. It was this that originated the tripartite treaty, and the move- ment of Austria, backed by all the great Powers, on the subject of the Smyrna rescue. The aristocracy of Europe—the natural enemies of our system, those who will ultimately be sacrificed by it—finding no other assailable point, have turned their whole force upon Amer- ican slavery as the only possible means of paralyzing and crippling the colossal energies of the republic. To what extent we are indebted for this for- midable combination against us to the defection of the Van Burens and their associates in 1848 and since, we leave to the conscientious to de- termine. They were at least spies in the camp of patriotism—they pointed out the weakness of our position, sowed in our ranks the seed of discord, invited our enemies at home and abroad to assail us, and when the hour of trial comes they will consummate a life of treachery by an act of open treason. Let us go one step farther. While we are thus arrayed before the tribu- nals of the world, and threatened with attacks from the combined Powers of Europe on the pretext of slavery, the Cabinet at Washington is actually playing into the hands of our ene- mies by strengthening its agitators in this country and in England. At the hour of greatest need—at a moment the most critical | —at the very time when our government should be fortified by drawing into its councils men of unquestioned patriotism, large capacity and undoubted devotion to the constitution, the administration is surrounded by agitators and the tools of agitators, spoilsmen, political managers, repentant free soilers, and vagrant abolitionists. To save their own necks they have declared an amnesty to traitors. Is it not full time for our really patriotic President to review his points at once, and apply the only practical remedy in his power ‘—remove the Cabinet. Tuose TuREE AMERICAN Prisoners aT Ha- VANa—ANOTHER JoB FoR SEcRETARY Marcy.— On the eighteenth of July last we published the statement, dated July 8, of William Free- burn, William Atkins, and Harvey C. Parks, American sallors confined In prison at Havana, to “ Gov. Marcy, Secretary of State, Washing- ton,” the substance of which was briefly as follows :— These three men shipped from New York in the bark Jasper, on what was represented to be a legitimate trading voyage to Sierra Leone, but, on nearing the coast of Africa, it was an- nounced that the vessel had been sold. She was then ran down the coast, and, shipping a cargo of slaves, turned about, and finally suc- ceeded in landing the said cargo safely on the south side of Cuba. But the ship, in her en- deavors to hug the shore, was run aground, when to escape the British cruisers, perhaps, she was set on fire, and burned to the waters’ edge, and the crew dispersed. These three men took to sea in a boat, expecting to be picked up in a day or two and brought home. But, on landing one day for supplies, they were seized and put on board the Spanish war schoo- ner Habanero, brought up to Havana, and put in the Punta prison, where, according to our latest advices, they are still confined. Now, the question arises, why has not Secre- tary Marcy made some inquiries into this case ? Why were these men seized by the Cuban au- thorities? Why imprisoned? Why still de- tained? What are the charges against them? What are the proofs? These questions should have been promptly put upon information of the aforesaid facts. Our Premier could not have failed receiving this information from the pub- lished statement in the Henatp. But we learn that our Acting Consul has also attended to the | matter, and that the prisoners are much disap- pointed that nothing in consequence has been done towards their release. Why not?—that’s the question—why not? We understand that one of these men is an Irishman, another a Scotchman, and another a native of the United States, but that they are all American citizens. This fact, prima facie, gives them the right to demand the interposi- tion of the home government. But they were among the crew of a piratical ship, and were thus outlawed. Not so fast. They positively assert that they were deceived into service on board the Jasper by false pretences, and that on discovering her true character they asked to be discharged, but were compelled by force of deadly weapons to remain on duty down to the landing of the ship at the island of Cuba. These deelarations entitle them, at all events, to a fair examination, before they are adjudged as outlaws. The fact that they are American citi- zens makes their government responsible for their protoction against any unjust and unwarrantable punishments from the pro- vincial officials of a foreign power. Ac- cording to their own statement, these men do not owe their imprisonment to the fact that they were o portion of the crew of a slave-ship. The proof of that fact would probably have se- cured their prompt diseharge, as having been in the vervice of the Queen Mother of Spain. They were doubtless picked up and imprisoned as American fillibusteroes in disguise ; and if this be so they have a powerful claim to the immediate attentions of our Premier, because the suspicions of Spanish officials at Havana against American citizens, whether as pnssen- gers or as sailors, have been carried quite fur enough. in al) conscience. We do hope, and trust, and pray, therefore, that Master Marcy will take up this case, and make case of |t, on account of the politi- eal capital that may be made ont of it, if for no otber purpose. It may be turned to good ac- | by applying to the judge of the c'remt, count in our November elections, against Collector Bronson and Company. Who knows? It may be turned over to compound interest for the campaign of 1856, Only think of that. As the Koszta document has secured the good will of all the Hungarians and Germans, Kos- suth and Kinkel included, so may the release of these prisoners in the Punta Castle at Havana operate in securing the friendship of the Scotch and the Irish. And what more would be required to make our Premier in- vincible at the next Baltimore Convention? Nothing. Let him, then, at once take up the cudgels in behalf of those three American prisoners in the Punta. It is not necessary in the beginning to inquire whether they are or are not members of the church in good standing, and regular attendants at “the stated preach- ing of the gospel.” Their religion and their antecedents could be inquired into afterwards. The first object, if possible, should be save the poor fellows alive. After that our Premier may attend to any patching which their breeches or their morals may require. Arr anp Artists—The exposé which we made to the public yesterday, of the treatment which Mr. Powell, an American artist, received from the management of the American Art Union, created a universal burst of indignation among all the intelligent circles in this city against those miserable false pretenders who profess to patronize the arts here. Indeed, such a feeling did our article arouse, that if Mr. Powell’s painting had been on exhibition yes- terday, the gallery would have been crowded from morning till night. It will be, however, exhibited to-day—for the first time since its re- moval from the Art Union concern—in the gal- lery of the Academy of Design, in Broadway, opposite Bond street, and we have no doubt that those who go to see it will agree with us, that it is the most magnificent historical paint- ing that has been ever executed by any of our native artists. We understand that the miserable hostile feeling exhibited towards Mr. Powell by the management of the Art Union is a matter of historical standing. When it was first proposed in the Congress of the United States to pass a resolution commissioning Mr. Powell to exexcute a work of art worthy of occupying the last vacant panel in the rotunda ofthe Capitol, the Art Union people actually sent on an agent to Washington for the purpose of opposing the project, and of defeating it in both houses of Congress. Mr. Powell, however, triumphed over them in Washington, and suc- ceeded in obtaining the patronage of Congress; and we have no doubt that he will attain as signal, a triumph over the same pretenders in New York by receiving the marked patronage of the public of this city. Apropos of art and artists: We have in this metropolis another native born genius in the department of painting. The person we refer to isa lady, a native of this State, who displays talent and genius in the art of portrait painting in water colors on ivory. Her performances in this line are equal to anything we have seen for many years past in Paris or any other capital ofEurope. Her name is Mrs. Steel. She has attained much distinction in portrait paint- ng in several cities of the Union and in Canada. Indeed, her genius is of a very remarkable kind and the skill she has acquired places her productions on a par with what we have seen of the best in the most celebrated salons of Europe. Her quiet modesty and unobtrusiveness in gradually ele- vating herself to the highest pinnacle of art, deserve the warmest encouragement of an en- lightened and generous public. She has rooms, we believe, at the St. Nicholas Hotel. Jonny P. Hate at THE TaBeRNAcLE.—The ratification meeting of the independent demo- cracy takes place this evening at the Taberna- cle. John P. Hale is announced to speak, with other distinguished orators and politicians of his school. Mr. Hale is a good and effective speaker, and should attract a large and intelli- gent audience. Late from South and Central America. We have a fortnight's later news from Costa Rica and other portions of Central America, having re- ceived files of La Gaceta, published in San José, up to the 17th September. There had been felt a very severe shock of an earthquake in the town of Canas on the 24th of August. Not only were all the houses unroofed but several of them were entirely demolished. Persons thus left houseless had to occupy some of the pub- lic buildings in Bagases. The earthquake was re- peated, though with less damage, on the 8th of Sep- tember, and the shock continued with more or less violence almost every day. On the 8th a severe shock of an earthquake was felt in San José, and on the 1st a violent tempest passed over the city. On the 15th of September a solemn high mass was celebra- ted in the Cathedral Church of San José in com- memoration of Central American Independence. His Excellency the President, Don Juan Rafael Mo- ra, did not attend, being confined to his country re- nidence by indisposition. The Minister from Costa Rica to the Holy See had forwarded to the Minister of Foreign Affairs the Pontifical bulla conferring on Don Rafael Calos, the chief dignity of the Ecclesiastical Chapter. Intelligence had been received from Guatemala up to the 5th of August, some days later than that of which we are in receipt. The news is confirmed of all the Guatemalian troops having returned to their territory, and of the greater part of them having gone to the capital. A treaty of peace and friend. ship had been concluded between the republic of Guatemala and that of San Salvador, the negotiators being for the first Senor Pavon, and for the second Senor Zaldivar. The port of Istapan was formally closed by the decree of the supreme goverhment on 13th July, and its basiness transferred to the port of San José de Guatemala. The dates trom San Salvador are to the 12th of August. A great féte had been celebrated by the inhabitants of that republic on the occasion of escap- ing victoriously from the crisis which threatened the stability of the government. The Hondurian Con- missioner had returned to that State, after having left on @ good footing the mediation of the Salvado- rian government with that of Guatemala, in relation to the question between the latter and Honduras. From New Granada we have dates to the 28th of September, through files of E/ Panameno, publish- edin Panama. Severat of the numbers of this journ- al which have come to hand are occupied with the publication of diplomatic correspondence between the Peruvian government and the Minister from New Granada. It is thus seen that the republics of Cen- tral and South America are beginning to follow in the same course initiated by the cabinet of Mr. Fill- more in publishing what was theretofore considered State secrete. The Panameno also publishes a law on matrimony, enacted by the Congress of New Granaca, in which it is provided thet marriages be celebrated before one of the parochial justices. A | divorce can be effected where both parties desico it | The dotal celebration is utterly overlooked, and, a ing to the terms of the law, would nos oe valid. | 4 President Obando, in authc orizing the this law, accompanted it with av ar ficia) journal, stating that thongh be appen publication | his fiat to it, and #0 far as making the contrac pu ely civilone agreed with \te fraser, @; he had serious doubts as to the prom oI “alning di vorces to be obtained with ench fact Talk on ’Change. Flour closed dull yesterday for common brands of Sta at $668. Wheat and corn were without material chang Mess pork closed at $17 a $17 12, and only 400 or 500 bal of cotton were sold, with s dull and heavy market. What disposition would Congress make of the surp revenue? This question was mooted and discussed amo the merchants. It was considered one of great imp tance, and gave rise to a variety of opinions regarding Some were in favor of having the government purch its outstanding bonds at any price, while others were d cidedly opposed to this policy. It was contended that! was unusual for a government to redeem its liabilities advance, at such enormous premiums; that it was a m sure which, if not urged forward by the indirect influen| of foreign bond-holders, it certainly operated very maq rially in their favor. They hold much the la: est amount of these bonds, and would only fe the government demand in a ratlo to secure t highest premiums, the principal and interest of whi they drew in specie. If the bonds were held by citize| of the United States their redemption at a premium] though not justifiable—however large, would exercise! beneficial influence on the financial affairs of the count: The economy of individuals and‘of governments should conducted on similar principles. What sane man wot deem it sound policy to purchase his notes before they } came due, at a premium of twenty-one per cent? For the sake of argument, let it be assumed that bonds of the government amounted to $60,000,000, at per cent interest, having an average of eleven years to ry and suppose the government in possession of @ surplus! sixty millions of dollars, and that it could place it safe or with ample guarantees, ina sinking fund, at six cent, which would be the best course to purchase the d as far as it would go, at twenty-one per cent premium, to place itso that its interest would meet the inte! and the principal, and finally, at the end of eleven yeal sink the principal? In this way sixty millions of dol could be made to pay sixty millions of debt at maturi whereas, were the whole sixty millions to be redeemed an average premium of twenty-one per cent, it’ would quire the sum of $72,600,000 to pay it—thus losil $12,600,000 by the operation. The same argument wor hold good with greater or less sums, and for a shorter longer time to run. It was believed by some that C gress should withdraw the discretion from the Secrete of the Treasury to purchase bonds at such enormous pj miums. Those who objected to the funding system « so mainly on the ground that it could not be establish ena safe, solid and reliable basis. They said it would r do to loan the money to the States—that they weuld nev pay it back—citing a previous example in point. Oth: considered that a safe sinking fund could and ought to organized. State bonds might be pledged as collateral curity, at half their value on the face of them, or railrc bonds guaranteed by them—that was, on bonds of 1 thousand dollars loan, five thousand might be obtained six per cent interest; and whenever the interest sho fail to be paid, the government should be empc ered to sell the same. Or the States might, another case, give liens on public property, with pov to sell in case of the failure of the payment of intere These, with other plans of establishing a sinking fund ‘asound basis, were suggested. It was bad economy keep thirty milliors of dollars idle, and equally waste to throw away large sums in the form of premiums, reserved, or sinking fund, was desirable on many accour A foreign war, with a stringent money market, nNght far curtail importations as to reduce the revenue be) the amount necessary to carry on the government. thould the country, by any casualty, be drawn into ay on its own account, the current revenues would soon found insufficient to meet the exigences of the case. Nc advocated the expenditure of the surplus in wasteful periments in aid of private railroad building, or ot projects, The subject was one of interest, and our sp only allows us to glance at the opinions enterts ined commercial men in reference to it. ‘The news from California was referred to. The state the produce markets was considered discouraging. Fl ruled low. It was estimated by some that Califor would this year produce about 200,000 barrels of fic Supplies of other farm produce were also becoming ab dant. The mining news was consi¢ered good. The Law Courts. The criminal business was commenced yesterday in United States District Court, before Judge Ingersoll. Portuguese named Gonzales was found guilty of an asse with a knife, on the high seas, anda man named Goo was convicted of larceny. In the United States Circ Court Judge Nelson gave two decisions in admiralty on peal. In the Supreme Court the case of the Russ Reid pavement in the Bowery is still on, In the Super Court,’special term, the case of Hope against the Sixth Fighth avenue railroad, was again postponed, but Broadway Railroad case came up before Judge Duer for gument, on the question as to whether any person but Attorney General has the right to institute proceedi against the project. The case of Keeler against Chui for alleged libel on the commercial position of plain still occupies the attention of the first branch of the C mon Pleas. The second part adjourned, no cause bc ready. Part one of the Superior Court was also adjour for want of business. In the second part a sealed ver: for $100 was returned against a railway company for taining goods, though the defence was that it was im; sible to ascertain where the plaintiffs resided, in cor quence of insufficiency of direction. We understand that in the Mason Will case the Cc of Appeals have unanimously decided that the verdic the jury cannot be disturbed in consequence of the cree in the trust case. The effect of this decision wil) to divide the property equally among the six child: and one set of grand children. It is said that the lit tion in the Methodist Episcopal Church case is likel: terminate, as negotiations are on foot with the b agents of this city for its immediate settlement. The justment has been referred to Judge McLean, of United States Supreme Court, and he will immedia confer with commissioners of the churches North South. Judge Edmonds, presiding justice of the Supreme Cc of this city, isa candidate for re-election. We perceive that a case affecting the rights of tra lers recently came on for trial in Ohio—as many sim actions frequently occupy our judiciary, we here rel it: Itwasan action brought by a gentleman aga the owners of a steamboat on which he had lost a tr’ containing $2,000. The Court held that the comp were bound to pay for the loss of ordinary bat not for anything of unusual value, unless it wax m known to them beforehand, so that they could take ex care, and charge an extra price for carrying it. cordingly the jury brought in a verdict allowi plainti’ $300—the value of the trunk and the clothing it—but disallowing the $2,000. Stare FAims.—The annual Stato fair of Indiana commence to-day in Lafayette, and continue three di The State fair of Mlinois will also commence to-day Springfeld, and be held four days. Court Calendar—This Day. ‘Ustrep Staves Dusmuer Court.—Criminal trials. causes till next week. Svrvae CovrtT—General Term. 26, 26, 38. No 20, 130, 171, 178, 7 2 Nos. 8, 10, 11, ound Pinas Part Plrst. 674, 678, 679, 683, 684, 688, cao 6 695, 696, 1 Patt Second.—Nox. 713, 718 to 2, 128, 7280 7 ‘744, 745, 748, q SUPERIOR Court—(Two Branches.)—Nos. 162, 200, ] Ass 203, 204, 206 to 210, 212 to 218, 220, 224 to + 0 exh | take pleas ‘The ot, fy he prin Aad | | Seagate cued fa aie ce riage, = corte the like of el | eilley, will not in many years | E, Anprnson, Fer Servant, "heting Seo Beorotary, om ofthe | Goneral Su perintendent, ery York, Sops. 19, 1shs.—Noteo le hervby. xp ie building, whos BATCHELDI t pHontions oe oxnii or di Neorotary of the ‘au Colored Daguerreotypes, weuily colored daguerreotype in an BROTHERS, No. 28 Br the complexion 4 ict ae , taken by MEA is talkin Frey iter | fa nd ae brilliant and durgble imi gaint ca OPeEators eupplied with w Full el f color ad formation juee Vhene truly bonnet prone oh art, 0 mable terms. eu ea a