The New York Herald Newspaper, September 18, 1853, Page 2

Friday last you will have read that it haa ran up its ensign, and has commenced hostilities in dowarizht rarnest. @ ‘The second article refers to the political serenade lately offered to Mr. Soulé by a democratic proces: sion at New York. Now, dear sir, itis not my province to enter into any deep discussion touch- ing the relative rights of the United States, and those of any European nations over American soil. As for treaties of 1814 at Ghent, or of any other date at avy other place, I shall place them very carefully beside those which guaranteed the in- dependence of Cracow, which gave bounds to the Russian empire, and formally restored the Bourbons Yo the throne o' France, Treaties are mortal as well as those who made them. The 7'mes this same * week admitted that a new and young generation has now replaced that age of heroes and politicians which accompanied the world through its coaclusive career from the warof American Independence to the downfall of Louis Philippe. Be itse. Let the Times corsign itself to the glorious past, and iden tify itself with the great things which have been, if it be so desirous, but let it not struggle with time and hang on te the skirts of the advancing age, for this it do-s when it at‘empts to throw a musty treaty into the balancqof vations, and prescribes for 1853 the remedies applied with good effect in 1814. Let us not blink the question. There are certain king- doms in Europe which are old, rotten, bedridden and bankrupt; their very nationality is their impediment at home; but this would not concern the world if they were not, when at large, a clog upon the humanrace. | Spain is first and foremost in this category of impo: | tent constitutions. Her distolution is at hand—God help her to a peaceful end. This very year, three hundred years ago, England trembled from the ‘Tweed to the Thames at the very name of Spain, when a timely hurricane overcame the terrible Armada, Spain was then the tyrant of Europe, Austria was her vive-royalty, and Fianders was hér appanage; Sardinia and Lombardy were her high roads, Sicily her sinecure, and America her bankers Charles the Fifth and Philip the Second mate a to the sues ran owing paler Tusaia is entitled to and Sweitéa in antic, and Turkey in Asia in the Mediterra- pean. Therefore, I pray to remove from the petty tr gg en’ , and give mo heed to the presence of combined fieets or any other demonstration. All this caunot change the destiny ef the world. A warlike exodus must take place from Russia—a few years later or earlier is simply the question. ¥ I Shall give you a correct account in my next of the present state of the Russian navy, her seaports, being a very careful selection of ex- tracts from sundry German publications of undoubt- ed authority. W.R, M. Lonpon, Sept. 2, 1853. Russia—Her Navy, Ports, Port Police, and Har- bor Fortifications—Her Ships, their Timber, its Supply and Seasoning—The Officers, Sailors and Maorines—Maneuvring cf the Fleet-—Naval Divisions of the Vessels, &c., &c. It is almost unnecessary for me to argue in favor of “an European secret” conwnunicated in my “last? and “first” of Tuesday last. You rust know that territorial aggrandizement is as much a matter of course with the Czar as it is with yourselves, oaly that be stands in more immediate need o! expansion, of the globe. It is my intention, occasioual y, to re- vert to this subject, but now to content mysell with communicating what fellows. Very litte is known of the Russian navy in all other countries of Europe, and whatever notions may exist on the subject they are vague and all but de- lusive. I am, however, enabled, from a careful perusal and translation of sundry articles in the Allgemeine Zeitung, and other journals and publi, citions, to state a few facts with respec’ to the naval be good for anything besides firing salutes and rot- ting in harbor the first thing requisite is the posses- sion of a line of coast in the open sea, with con- venient ports; next in importance come good ships, able crews, and efficient officers. Russia has three Sea—is blocked up with ice. Bosphorous are the outlets to the more important good many treaties. Where are they now? Yet, as the Times observed very truly the other day, that ‘one of those heroes who died last week might have ©onversed with a man who served under Charles the Becond. By the breadth of the “ Thunderer’s” sneer I judged that some question at heart of great im- port remained to be discussed; but Friday's leader revealed the mystery. This organ of the existing overpment, to use plain Engli h, pooh-poohed the Sree dent of the United States, and launched into a iter and sarcastic diatribe against your political bearing and impudent pretensions, Link these two baths ether, a you will discover what a cont and empty thing are—ia She opinion of the Times Bewapaper. To fact, you are a iled and wilful child, | cone sh yourelf into the society of your | elders drawing room of nations, Get out ‘with ye—you are only fit for the nursery yet; you don’t know hew to behave ieee without shock- ng the world—and the Times newspaper. The gravamen of Friday’s @rticle is a serious charge wpon Mr. Soulé, your Spanish Minister, that he was | serenaded by a democratic procession, and that he is inland seas. Either opening is exposed to a block- ade. The Russian ports, excepting always those of Cronstadt and Sebastopol, are not fit for the harbor- ing of war fleets. Holsingfors, the best of the Finish ports, is small. The port of Rotshensalm, at the mouth of the Kymmene, in the Bay of Finland, is in- deed fortified, and it is, moreover, the station of the so-called Scheerean fleet. Revel, in the Bay of Fin | land, is a commercial port; there were fortifications. but they are almost dismantled. Baltisport, in Esth- nonia, at the mouth ot the Paddis, is large, but alto- | gether devoid of fortifications. Riga and Liban, ia Courland, are commercial ports. Archangel has docks and is a fortified port; but itis lost in the far north and devcid of importance in the case of a war. It is the | same with the ports of the Caspian. The port of As- tracan is being ruined by the accumulations of sand. Azofand etd want depth, and thesame may be said of all the portsin the Sea of Azof, of Feodosia, and Chersof. Betwecn Cronstadt and St. Petersburg the water is so low that vessels of more | imbued with the aoe that certain rickety Span- ish soommrencics ould become Yankee independ- | enc Hereupon, the Times intorms Her Most Catholic | ‘Majesty the Queen of Spain, that if she does not | im send Mr. Soulé home to New York | with a fleain his ear, why she will certainly forfeit | the wuaintance of all the European potentates | worth knowing—and the Times newspaper. My | dear sir, you may not be alive to the fact, but you | are charged with the meditated violatios of ‘the | ‘treaties made by European kings in 1814. Again, | I say, it is not my province to enter into any discus- | sion concerning treaties, and how long they are | ee | at all beyond the emergency which created them ; history cannot provide me with single instance, in any nation, or in any me, when a treaty survived the existence wf the ills it proposed to remedy. The treaties | which conticmad certain possessions to certain na- | tions of Europe, and were formed to establish what | ‘was called a ce of pover, have long since be- | come 9 seyeareag void. Some of the nationa have | dwi into names; others, like Belgium, have | been created. England, who obtained a lion’s share at the close of the last war, is anxiousto impress the | world with the sacredness of those treaties, and to talk to America of the value of reciprocating prin- | ciples which secure existing possessions. The ques- tion must not be blinked. These are important consi- derations. ciel nt a Sa ol She wasa very great | wation. But her hour hasstrack—“ et bien sonnec”— | and no can arrest ber dissolution. Long may it be before England herself finds that symptom of coldness in her extremities which precedes death. | ‘Long may her colonies be @ comfort to her ; but she ‘is gouty and ill tempered with over-indulgence and | race of men has its tarnat supremacy. The | the Reman, and then the Hun and the Nor. | tur'es the scepire of the world has been | ie Anglo-Saxon. Look where you will, will, the fact is potent and undeniable; of treaty, right, or power, the great law in its progress, has declared that where | Anglo Saxon sets his foot, the red man and the | y Gaul! and the Celt, must disappear. | A few words on the Russian question, which now absorbs European iplomacy. Although your readers | may hastily read and readily forget these few words, | det them sink into your mind, for the time will shortly | ivethem proof. It is universally believed that Ras- has long had bat one great object—Coastantino- le and the Turkish dominions in Kuro) Constan- inople has been the bone for which the mouths of the bears of several generations have been Supposed to water. Let us examine this bone, and we shall find that there is suspiciously little upon it do engage the voracity of so hage an animal. First, then, geographically speakiog, Tarkey in Europe would by no means be a convenient posses | sion for Russia, who can only approach it by the | , Danubian provinces, which are hemmed in between She Transylvania mountains and the coast, seamed in every direction with treacherous rivers and es, which bar the passage. Secondly—Wnhen Russia has obtained this outlying kingdom of Turkey in Europe, let us see what she really has got. On the north she has the hardy, free and turbulent (ireek, ‘whose country is not worth having, even if Russia could get it. On the north lie the independent and Lold Croat, the inflamed kingdom of Hungary, and the treacherous Lombard; bad neighbor: these for | contacts with the Russian population, whose abject subservience is based on their organized ignorance. | But, perhaps, you only i that Turkey affords fine and useful ‘segboard; [et us look. We find she | ‘thas two coasts—one on the west, in the Adriati | rock bound seawall, without a single port or ci On the east she is nearly in the same condition, ex- cepting Constantinople. So in a maritime view Tur- | key could be no prize. Thirdly and emiueutly, it is ‘not in the nature of uncivilized Russia to migrate in | a western direction; she can have no object, no ho; in Europe, no sympathy with our natious, or our in- | stitutions. It would give her more trouble to hold a foot of Turkey than to rnle a whole province in Asia. | Tier iron band is fitted to pin the treacherous Asiatic | to his pledge and rule nomade hordes of Tar- | tary by the very influence of terror. The instincts | pt Russia are, therefore, eastward; and in obedi- ence to this impulse she has been for years dashing her huge frame against the flinty tribes of | the Ceucasus, in a vain endeavor to break her moun- | tain bers and precipitate herself on the plains of | Assyria. Now, to solve the enigma of her present attitude in Turkey, and to give you the key to the treasure of her wide ambition:—fmmediately on the conclusion of the late Hungarian revolt the following pian was concerted between Austria and {ussia, or, do speak more correctly, was submitted by Nicholas to t.e Cabinet of Vienna, and hardly accepted by it. The Sultan was to be ased of his Buro- ean territory of the ern province of Asia Kiinor, and restrained to the pasbalike of syria and Perr; Turkey in Europe was to be added to Aus- fria, a8 forming geographically a portion of her ter- Siterial int ys Russia was to dopt all Turkey in Asia to the north of the thirty-sixth degree of [ati- ftude. By this scheme Nicholas secures the whole coast of the Black Sea on the north, east and | south, one entire eoast of the Dardanelles and Bosphorous, a Mediterranean seaboard of nearly e d miles, comprising the finest porta of the Levant from Smyrna to Isken- But what is more important, he pos both sides of the Caucasus; he thereby holds ‘ircaseia and her fastnesses, hemmed in and secure- his own, The immediate plans of Russia are to isch to Constant le, and thence to cross the Be phorus to Seutari, in Asia Minor, and within wcive months Circassia is subjugated. To this end n pemy is now upon borders of Astra- san. ready to make a taneous advance With the ‘ern ‘division, when, by Asia Minor, it arrives ‘he struggles which Russia bas made to become a rower have aided in impel) this great sche oexecution. Shut up in the Baltic by Den- ma)’. “6 holds the door at the Categat, and coo, p i» the Vleck Sea by Turkey, who stands sentinel tthe Oecdenelies, it is only natural that a great em- ire bike, Bassi mild seek maritime outleta com- rT rable with herenormous produce. Nature has qciven a prescriptive right to such occupations; and t may be very rightly said that if God intended to ec! Lonnds to nations he would have indicated » WC, wrborens thy question has evidently been lols | nav \ | expense to the Russian Cae But a strategical | 8 | Russia are unequal to the demands of the navy, aad | and their glory to preserve on the + | of the Admiralty. than seven feet draught cannot reach the capital. The vessela from St. Petersburg docks must be taken to Cronstadt by lani, and at one time they were dragged by camels. Odessa is a mere con- mercial port, aud Sebastopol is the only serviceable | wer port in the Black Sea, whose fleet is stationed | there. The port of Odessa is large, 0! great depth, strongly fortified, and it has the acvantage of regu- | lar tides and winds. The ports of Bessarabia are | altogether unimportant. _ As to the police of the ports, the maintenance of | lighthouses, buoys, &3., it must be confessed that all | these matters are in excellent condition, at no small system of ports, such as England and France can | boast of, is altogether out of the question. The fleets of France and England may, in their own seas, venture on the boldest and most hazardous ma- | neeuvres—in case of need they have always a place | reigning, as he does, over a!most an ialand quarter | force of Russia and her seaports. For a war fleet to | inland seas. The one open sea she has—the Polar | The Sound and the } | dens, we, (Mrs. T. and myself,) met a gentleman, war fleet from a fleet is not s nation; it is a thing of order and command, and, as I said before, though useful as a means of defence, it can never become @n instrament of agres- sion. The Russian figet consists of five divisions, of which three are stationed in the Black Sea. In the last war with 32 veasels of the line, 25 fi 5 brigs, 7 brigantines 16 5 galleys, 25 floating-batteries, 121 cunboate—miking | a total of 464 sail, and carrying 6,000 guns. Since | that time a great activity has prevailed in the Roe sian docks, and the result is that at the present any the Russian fleet consists of 60 vessels of the line, « from 70 to 120 guns; 37 fi 4, of from | 40 to 60 guns; 70 corvettes, . and brigas | tines, 40 steamers, 280 guoboats and galleys—the | whole manned by 42,000 sailors and 20,000 marines, with 9,000 guns. | beers eget ge Fond Siot ta 0 ctatent with any of the naval powers [asia has nots } chance of success. The various Czars have, indeed, strained every nerve to create an efficient flee; bat all their endeavors are fruitless, unless Russia suo- ceeds im conquering ard appropriating the coasts of Turkey ia Asia aud Sweden, the open sea, harbors, | apd a marine position. Then indeed must we | be on the qui vive to bolster up the inevital | results of our want of sincerity towards the Saltan | at this critical crisis, for thea will our Indian posses | sions be to us as the horns of a dilemma. R. M Kenstnoton, Sept. 2, 1353. The Chinese Revolution—China—Its Literature— | —Family Portraits and Relic~The Revo'w- tionary Chief—First Cause of His Discontent— Cause of His Conquests—Religion of both Par- ties—Explanation of the Metaphorieal Proclama- tions—Reason why Everybody Wants to Go to Hong-Kong—Amusements, §c. % After placing my children at Dr. Hesse's celebra- ted grammar school in this square, and after a capi- | tal breakfast anda delightful téte a téte with Mrs. T., Iam resolved, principally at her suggestion, to write you a few lines upon the Chinese revolution. The tyrannical bigotry of the Mantchoos is,as that respected lady, the mother of Miss Catharine Hayes, once observed, “ at the summit of its climax.” At the house of a merchant prince in Hyde Park Gar- whose official situation (of colonial surgeon) at Hong Kong, had afforded him opportunities of ob- serving the progress of the extraordinary movement | now going on in China, and from | sned | and noted down what follows:— You are aware that in China consider- ation is paid to literary excel! ad that what is called education is diffuse: a greater extent than perhaps in any other country in the world. Not that the literature of China is of a very high order. It embraces no scientific pursuit; it makes no in- quiry into the subtle secrets of nature that surround us; nor indeed does it expand the mind, or tend very much to promote the conveniences of society. In fact, during the 2,000 years that it has lasted, it has not advanced the knowledge, refinements, and happi- ness of China an iota, but consists in unravelling the mystical webs of Confucius, learning the remoteet influence and tendency of his ethics, and finding out the most ancient hereditary lineage of the attributes of the Emperor, and the diseipline of his celestial residence. This certainly is not a practical litera- | ture; but a Chinese gentleman, well versed in it, | holds a very exalted position in society. Every man | in China who hopes to assist in the councils of State, or to gain the patent of nobility, must graduate and keep terms at what may be called the Celestial | “Oxford.” I need not tell you, then, that there is of refuge under the guns of their war ports; but the Russian fleet, with nothing but Cronstadt and Se- bestopal to back it, is in continual danger of being | Cut Off, und cumnot, therefore, ever be expeuted tu advance to the attack. Its services are purely de- fersive. This being the case, what can be more natural than that Russia should desire (as I conveyed to you in my ‘‘ European Secret” per last mail,) to possess herself of better harbors and a more service- le range of seaboard. For shipbuilding Ruszia bas the very best mate- rials that can be found. Wer forests supply her with | oaks which are equal to those of Canada, of which the British ships are built. But of late years so great has been the waste that the forests of Central tLey have been compelled to take their wood from the forests of the north. This wood is naturally wet, | wrangler from Cambridge and every class man from the greatest emulation ia literature. Imagine every Oxford being made a lord or baronet. What a stimulus 11 would be to the turning of Latin verses, and a critical perfection in the knowledge of Greek idioms. How we should be overrun with heathen deities in all our publications, and how dreadfally would railways, telegraphs, &<., be neglected. Every man in China has the vision of a pea- cock’s feather before him, or of a blue, black, green, ora white button, by which he does not obtain an kereditary title descending to his children, but one which ennobles his remotest ancestors. Now this posthumous retrospective ascent of titles gratifies ard they never give it time for proper Lowes ge, Consequently it is soon worm-eaten and rotten. It is generally said that a Russian vessel lasts but two- | thirds of the time which an Englist: vessel is expect- | | ed to last. In part this may also be owing. (at least | of them are the most valued in the Baltic,) to the short, irrernlar waves and the | | ice. The eails and ropes in the Russian navy areex- | would despise your pictures of wooden-looking ances- cellent. The Russian sailmakers were famous even | in the days of Peter the Great, and to this day Ras. sian is preferred to Scotch canvas. Russian hemp is | quite as famous as Russian tarandleatuer. Theguns are all that can be desired. The vessels are very or: | derly and clean; they show to this day that Peter | took bis first lessons in Holland. The fittings of the cabins are splendid in the extreme, according to tha | | manners and the customs of the Russian aristocracy. | your grandfather, (and, seeing the difficulty in China, | The Russian captains and admirals are not by any | as with us, of identifying one’s father, this is no such means bluff, bearish old tars, of the Drake, [romp, | Ruyter, or Napier stamp. Slippered they are, and | wrapped up in morning gowns, and got up in the | Most splendid style of ease; they loll on soft sofas of purple velvet, reading Freach novels, or they sit le piano by the hour, playing “tudes par | Chop:n”* | ‘The fact is, the Russian naval officers care very little for the profession— not that that they aie igno- rant; the nautica! academies at Oranienbaum, Pe- tersburg, Cronstadt, Ode d Nicolajea provide but for all that | ar it will be seem | red. Very The Ras 85 it is pot in the grain, and in case of w. that the Russian vessels are badly o much the same may be said of the crews is are not fond of sait water. The majority of ilors come from the interior; they are invete- | rate landrats, and never saw the sea until the: enlisted into the navy. They have not, 1 of England, France and America, breathed t breezes ‘in their cradles. The English are of Nor- | man blood, of the blood of the oldest seakings of the world—the Russians come from the waterless peo ds of Mongolia; the vessels of England, france and America sail about in all waters, but it happens | very rarely thata Ruzeian ship of war ventures into | the open sea; they are not ‘ weatuer fast.” The Russian ficets have scarcely ever been in a serious evgagement, for of course Navarino must not be mentioned. With the soldier present, courage is partly derived from the reminisce:.ces of a glorious past—the Ras- | sian eaiJors and marines bave no past to think of. | hey staud in their high boots and sti? coats ia the | exact same position prescribed by the rales and re- gulations of the service, so that their feet form an angle of 45 degrees, and this position it is their pride | Pp at the d regulations prmps, and at the guns. the rules of the service alone determi moveineats of the Russian sailor. He will, in the very teeth of uger, go on getting up his anchor, while an Englishman or Yankee would have cut his cable, turned his ship, and put on every rag of canvass, to the bending of the masta. The gans alone are quickly seized and Seb handled ; but the maponvring generally is by far slower than convres of the British feet. The build of the 2 makes it difficult to turn them, and the signaling is far from being perfect. The ships are clumsy ; the planks are thick, and remind one of the wooden wallsof the Armada. ‘The varions mancenvres of the Russian fleet are ex- | ecnted with great precision ; but it appears that | every man bas hia peculiar post, and that he is fit for only one set of manipulations. Of course prac- tice makes bim perfect ; bat the question is how the same mancuvres are to be performed in battle when many of the crew are killed and disabled. The Dake of York insisted on the same men being marines, gunners, and sailors ; and surely this principle was the better one. ‘The atiffest mechanism prevails in the Russian na- val service. The Russian sailor works his hours off, and having worked them off he goes to sleep. He takes no interest in the service, and the receiving his rations is, in bis opinion, the important business of lite. He is not wedded to his ship aa the British sailor ; he is nota child of the ocean. When he sees astray rope be does not coil it ae put it asice ; he reports the matter to his lieutenant, and the lieu- tenant refers to the journal for the name of the man who has neglected his duty, and, having found the culprit, he takes hold of his ears and pulls him up to the neglected rope—such is Russian order and dis- ‘ipline. ; Ayith all (his order | owever, there is no penal law for the navy. Bach ca, sia has his own set of rules the man | naman’s character—his veneration. | ancestors from the corrupt and greedy Tartars; and, | defeat him in one battle to be defeated in another. | nan, of which the capital is Nankin, the ancient the most prominent and redeeming quality in a Chi- He worships with the highest adoration the graves of his ances- tors. He treasures their sayings and maxims; relics ems, and their old bones the most valued of all. The Dedlocks of China tors, casting a gloom over the rooms you live in. ‘They treat ancestors as they do their glager—they pot them in porcelain 8 of the most exquisite manufacture, and grandfather, uncle, and great- grandfather, are ticketed, catalogued and arranged ina mausoleum—a kind of family library and relic room—with much more precision than at the British Museum. But for this privilege you must first have easy matter ) and without a brother the thing is not tobe done. Well, as I have said, nobility is a re- ward for literary excellence, and it.is cletly desired for the veneration which is entertained fur an ances- try and the wish to ennoble it. At the periodic ex- amination thousands come up and undergo prelimi- nary examinations, until they are weeded down to | those who are deemed proper candidates for honors —for there are candidates for examination and for honors. Very few at least are admitted to the examinations which confer honors. In this proceeding of weeding undoubtedly great corrup- tion exists, and it has been supposed generally that iter distinctions have been bestowed chielly on the persons of Tartar descent. Well, about three years ago it happened that there came a Chinese from that region which has never fe acknowledged the Tartar sway, (wide Sir John Davis’ History of China,) with the dim recollection of an unbroken descent from the ancient Chinese monarchs, named, I believe, Tien-Tai, which, if taken to be French, (Tient- Thé,) would, in plain English, translate to “ hold tea! —“ teapot!” He had, it is said, ofen presented himself before, always on his own merits, disdaining the demands of corruption, but was always rejected in the Hera examination. ‘This was his last trial, and he was sgain rejected. Stung by the injuries he had met with, he vowed that he would reclaim the honors and rights of his with promises of relieving the people from the ex- actions which oppreesed them, he assembled about him, it may be a rabble, more apt for plunder than for conquest, but yet a determined band; and, pass iwog into the Kiangsi district, he began his career of quest. The most chosen generals and best troops were sent from Canton against him, but, with the sual procrastination of the Chinese, at such an ad- vanced stage of the rebellion, that they could only For a long time only vague ramors reached us of the war, which some believed, others rejected. Never- theless, it was steadily advancing through the Kiangai district, with many reverses, bat ultimately successful, until this vast and fertile district became their own. It is said that in their progress the rebels gotbered innumerable followers by their chivalrous respect of property, and from another remarkable cause which I shail explain presently. The next district selected for conquest was Kiang seat of the Chinese monarchs. This city is on the Popular Education—Colleges and Learned Men | —Collegiate Honors and their Effect on Dead Men | | Art, ora War Amongst the Crocke! bg gg is . being infidel 5 to the eetien of Ot me ieee Sul powess an innate conviction of a supreme power ruling the universe; and I have always held the entirely destro, their gods tram, under foot, atid Sir G. Booham found the leaders of the rebels in | Nank.o pomersing @ very extreme Christianity, and | preserving in their camp the most exact observance of Christian praction—except, (the extravagant over the male population. Their leader pretesds to receive revelations from above, which have drawa u the whole movement the ridicule of may. But Oliver Cromwell's a contain many asser | tions no less hyperbolical and extravagant, and in | the prayer-mneetings of the Methodists every night the same things occur. An old and worthy M dist once told me, in describing his sudden conver sion, that as he fell trom a haystack, under the prea- | sure of an unconverted carnal heart, “the Lord lop into me,” as his ex jon was. Now, I am sure the direct communicat with God of a leader of a mighty Christian warfare, if people will take sach expressions literally, is @ more reasonable idea thin the “lopping” of the Lord, without pre rious warn- ing, into the soul of a poor old cotter sutlering by the pains of a broken leg told, on the best authority, that the leaders Tam of the rebellion, as they first through the less commercial districts—through a le of simple habits, accustomed to follow the hing of their superiors—obtained immeute accession to their num- bers by promising the overthrow of the Baduist tem- les, and the benefits to be derived from Christianity. it will gig as it does me, that this promise conveyed the of the destruction of somethi: wanted; but having obtained influence by the of this promise, it will be their ee to uphe thing promised, and to ascribe cidents, a more expansive commerce, and a rule, will certainly produce, to the change of and hold them up as a fulfillment of their Droplet pledges you see—per fis et nefas— i- a snted in China; children will grow ap under its teachings, and eventually, when it fails to be religion of strong conviction or emotion, it will formity with it. Some call these Christian leaders zealots. I hope not. The zeal of a zealot is an un- stable impulse. I hope they are rather Cromwells, with a Cesign in their zeal, and I think they are so. Buddhi-m 1, I think, an importation from Tarta’ Mahomedanism is uncongental to dom of the Chinese. The Confucian religion is that of the people’ enemies, and, fore, as parcel of them, to be hated. Away with them all; each is a delusion and a snare—fruitless of good, fuse in evil. In looking about for a new religion hey are advised bos missionaries brought up under the wing of the poor reviled old Gutzlaff to adopt the rel of the Western World in ita Pro- testant form. Its doctrines are simple; its precepts laid down concisely in the Bible, written in lan- guage eminently calculated to a the mind of an unbiassed Oriental, pro! et, to come direct from God, whom they uni ly acknow- ledge are very much in accordance with their views of morality and their antecedent practices — more excellent than those of Confucius, more suited to the frailties of human nature, exhibiting fruits a people who have excelled all others in civili- zation, and acquired power enough to bring half the world into sul , and of China, (which is not of the world.) it must succeed with them. To say that this Christianity is assumed to caj few foreigners in Shanghae, is absurd. e rebel chief did not know that Shanghae was a gion set- tlement! Thus see what a mighty work has been effected in China; and Bhat may rely u it, hereafter this beautiful and fertile country, shut up fora years, Open to the cariosity, the per and the delight of the world. It bas in all been the greatest revolution the world has yet seen. In extent it inclades a popu- ste fully equal to the whole of Earope and America the bargain. ‘We shall soon learn all the secrets of ‘the zon house.” The hinges of the huge gates have n oiled by the generating powers of civilization, and they ere long be swung open to the whole world, when China will for first time become part of it. One has got tired of the Continent and has done everything—one has done Moscow and saw it brown, before the very frozen noses of Napoleon’s grande armée—one finds St. Petersburg slow because it seems so like Woolwich, nothing but arsenals and barrack looking palaces—Constantinople we don’t care for, because we haven't a carte blanche to the seraglios, and consequently can’t take tea with the ladies— Athens is too like Dickens’s “‘ Eden,” or @ boiling seacoast—Berlin, Munich, Brussels, Paris, and our dingy metropolis we know by heart—so nothing is leftus but a trip to China, and nothing more easy, seeing that the last mail lett Hong tt on the 10th of July and arrived here on the 27th that there is every prospect of the time being short- ened. As for you Yankees, I am at a loss to conj20- ture how you will get there with the greatest des pet but I doubt not, (as my Svvgre pHi know: ledge is shy on the point,) but that you will soon have either a line of rail my or a line of balloons direct. Albert Smith has already insinuated an intention to deliver a new entertainment, of the Mont Blanc class, entitled “The Great Wall;’’ Bousicault will doubtless knock off a grand and“ real” Adelphi drama, under the catching title of “Tea and Town 3 and Douglas Jerrold probably will give usa series of articles on “Chinese tea talk and scandal generally.”’ A vous, @ high flavored Lonpon, Sept. 2, 1853. The Latest London Theatrical Intelligence. The Drury Lane operatic season comes to a close to-morrow evening, and a disgraceful business it has been altogether. On Monday Mr. G. V. Brooke, and your American tragedian, Mr. Davenport, make farewell engagement, prior to his departure for the papers are loud in his praise. For some time the dilettanti of Paris have been in tribulation as to the fate of the Italian opera, three successive Jmpressarii havin whom had, in ther respective mired European reputation—M. Roncon! and Mr. ee It was thought that it would be difficult to find a fourth capitalist willing to become a victim. But it appeors that the goverament has given a con: cession of the privilege 2) for nine years to an Italian gentleman named Colonel! Ragani. M. Ragaai is not only a colonel of the Empire, but ia well known to the musical world, He is the widower of the cele- brated Madame Grassini, the aunt of Mme. Julia Grisi of the present day. It appears that, from the lateness of the period at which the concession has been made, M. Ragani is allowed till the 15th of September to consider whether he will open the house this season or not. Te is at the present mo- ment actively employed in getting up a company. He has already secured M. Mario and Mme. Grisi for the first four months of the season. M. Ragani has algo secured the services of our old favorite, M. Tamburini, and of his son-in-law, that weak tenor, M. Gardoni, He is in treaty with Mme. Alvoni, also with a Spanish songstress, Mme. Garcie, of splerdid river Yangtse Kiang, and at the entrance to the Grand Canal, the great commercial artery of the empire. Nankin is infinitely more necessary to the ey, of the Chineee empire than the inde endence of Constantinople to our Indian empire, or he maintenanee of the balanze of power. With variable resulta, as regards individual battles, at length the great city of Kiangnan submitted to the rebels, and after a struggle of more than three years Sur G. Bonham found them in possession of Nankin, the imperialists being entirely defeated. We haye now learnt that Amoy, the capital of the Fokein dis trict, has fallen, and that the rebel chief sent guards to protect the English consulate and the residences of tie English merchants. It is thas apparent that while one detachment of the rebel army iain pos- ression of Nantin, another is advancing soathward, along the seaboerd, towards the angai dis trict, with the view of ultimately tiking Canton, with the prestige whicha complete northern conquest and the ion of Nankin would create—a manuyre which bas cut off the imperialists from the most powertal city in the South, possessing the uncertain adjuncts erfal Cais iron. Had the rebels commen: tions in the Qaangsi district, of which Canton only great city, they and panishisents, " ai naval affairs in Raasia in in e adaill excellent. or to the books and records 6 t hozerd an opinion. Bat, since the govern- li ut bestow much care and money on the navy, it the real state of things [ | wonld have been defeated in the onset by the inter- ference of the English, French and Americans, to om they had always been represented as robbers ; fnd these Powers would have been involved in the war, for the more security of property and certainty, on the imperialist side, Now that It is knowa that yvhom report speaks favorably. More anon. Faithfully, yours, Don Carsar. Oux Paris Correspondence, Pants, Sept. 1, 1853. The Royal Family at Dieppe--Their Visits, Visiters, Movements, and Receptions—Napoleon's Crown— The Royal Visits to the Cumberland—A Paris Newspaper and its Value—Anmwersary of the Death of Lowis Philippe—The Orleans Family— Mazzini’s Conspiracy in Rome—Arrest of the Parties—The Eastern Question— The Koszta D f- ficulty—The Right of Search and the Right Nations—Lieut. Maury and the Maritime @on- gress—Continental Summary, §c. The Emperor and Empress are still at Dieppe, liv- ing among the numerous foreignors and inhabitants there as quiet as can be expected of persons in the po- sition of princes. Despite the enthusiastic reports of the newspapers, am bound to say,(as I have it from a friend who is now at Dieppe,) that the reception of Louts Napoleon and his wife (s as quiet was would be that of any celebrities arriving in a strange city where they would attract the general curiosity. Louis Napoleon, of course, is considered as a very odd in- | Austrian dogs !) that wy adopt polygamy, which they say is | but discouraged in Scriplare, and is highly neces- sary, seeing great preponderance of the female useless, and the withdrawn benefits of a novell } wer | 19. the nefits that ac- religion, | be, as with us, the religion of habit; and the moral | law which regulates every-day life must be in con- | the practical wis: | of the Imperial Court, detested as such—the or | aod | August, doing it in forty eight days; and we are told | their appearance there in Othello and Iago. The | press are carefully reviewing Mr. James Anderson's | America, at the Theatre Royal Standard. Most of | failed, two of | lepartments, ac- | of | Will consent to all the | which | having called to see | price of dividual, andiall those who have not seen him and his wife are ramping after them to sce how they look, what they do, and, if possible, to hear what they the Napoleonic shouts which are heard in the streets, they are uttered either by those who are attached to The Imperial boating has, during the last week, been somewhat deranged by the rongh state of the sea on the shores of the (han- nel. It is, indeed, astonishing that the Emperor, who does all that he wishes, has not oriered the ‘waves not to move, as.did King Canute, of England. The city of Dieppe is so crowded that all the pro- prietors of private houses have abandoned their dwellings to hire them, at enormous prices, to strangers as lodgings. A small closet, with a bed anda chair in it, is paid for at four or five dollars a day. M. Pictri, the Prefect of Police, and Marshal St. Amault, arrived at Dieppe on Monday last, and on Tuesday morning King Jerome and Prince Napoleon Bonaparte entered the harbor of Dieppe on board of the steamer Queen Hortense, which came from Havre within six hours. It is not yet decided whether the Emperor will take the Empress tothe Camp of Helfant. The uncertaiaty of this decision is owing to the advice of the doctors, who assure him that the health ofthe Empress requires more sea bathing than she has bad already. Then, if necessary, the Emperor will leave his wife at Dieppe, and will go to Helfant, Lile and Boulogne, and come beck to take her to Paris. The rumor of the Sacre of Louis Napoleon for he 2d of December vext is now on the fapis, and I bave eeen in the hands of the jeweller of the crown, M. Lamounier, the model of the imperial crown, which, I think, will be magnificent. The celebrated diamond Le Regent will be placed in the centre. The crown will be made with a circlet of eagles joined to each other by their wings. The Camp of Satory is still existing, and is montbly reinforced by new regiments, which are taking the place of those who have been living | under the tents. On Sunday last, after the celebration of mass, ho preset tere! Abeba and artil- iz pee ee numerous beb & representation ofthe celebrated battle of Isly, which took place on the frontiers of Algiers, and in which Marshal Bugeaud was the conqueror. The officers sent by the Emperor of Austria were present. Unfortunat @ most violent storm came on inthe middle ot the sham- fight, vo tepectinag ny! vapor of Satory was like a lake of igh — of which the French | army was making its evolutions. Marshal Magnan | wasat the head of the army. | and proprietor, M. Unfortunately, the rain came led the ceremony. Mr. ie is now in Belgium, and was at Brussels. he vill write a poetical account of the whole affair. The wedding of the Emperor of Austria fsbo a pote? re ng gn eee ened hn | next q future Euy ustria is direct sole ef her betrothed, and @ niece of the Mareschale Rerthier, Princess of Wi ,» who died in Paris in 1849. Princess Elizal is said to be very pretty, and to possess the most charm- temper. ™, is quite true that a Mazzinian jiracy had been prepared at Rome. It appears the se- cret societies had pares taking the occasion of the féte cele! by the French army in honor of the Napoleon festival, and were to have given the signal for the riot during the illamination of the loth ult. About forty of the conspirators had left Genoa with English porta, and had penetrated | into Rome to meet their accomplixes. Fortunately, the authorities of the Papal city had received all the information, and early on the morning of the 16th | ult., the police cay d all of them. | _ The lawyer Petroni, one of the leaders of the revo- lutionary movement in 1548 and 1549, was found re- creted in the house of a priest, the Curate of St. | Laurent. Petroni was @ frien? of Mazzini’s; and, | having escaped from Rome, had been lost to the | eyes of the police for several He is coasid- | cred as the chief of the — All the maaifestoes and correspondence of the plot have been found ia his possession. Al! those who have been made prisoners were ancient friends of Mazzini. The plot was denounced by a man called Catenaci, who, | either for money, or taken by a sudden fright, sold his accomplices. The num! of people arrested are over one hundred. Among gm y chiefs, may be ramed Petroni, Casciano, F 4% grocer,) Preti (a lawyer,) and Castellani (a merchant.) Everything was ready; even the onal govern: ment to govern the ci'y, after success of the riot. The Turkish question was again a fow days ago, owing to incertitude in which the broker» of the Bourse were placed by the acoeptation by Tuseia_ of the “ slight changes” made by the Saltan ot Turkey, to the mezzo termine of the arrangements Toposed by Austria, Prassia, France and Pagland. tot all this was but a trifling matter, and | am authorized hy good reasons to say, that by ad vill remain quet. It has been osed at Vieaua, by two 6f the diplomats of the Earopean courts, to proclaim the independence of the Danubian pro vincce; but the proposition was rejected by the two other statesmen, who declared t the iulerests of their respective countries would be hurt. in the meantime though peace is somewhat ceclared, the ian squadron had entered the harbor of Const. ple and aach sed in the waters of the Bosphorus. In Rassia, also, the warlike pre paratiors are continued on the largest seale. ‘There are 4,000 infantry in the Danubian provinces, and 17,000 cavalry. The artillery ix composed of 640 cannon. It i# calealated that at this moment the Russian army is composed of 200,000 mea on frontiers. the The eMair of Koazt- ie now creating, in a diplo- matic pomt de ewe, much importance. As has been known that the President of the United States had approved the behavior of the the American Lo league bas been formed all the powers of to oppose the interference of Gencral Pierce. The only one, Boy ducing certain reserves relat: fog , Which is to say, that if er powers to claim the at least she will not int orfere. — by Austria and e American Government summoned to declare whether wt tie tgs Pra grt g oF - non-protection of thé citizens of the nt tries by reciprocity. It i# Preset that the American Government will oppose to» “ve tem of ostraciam, becaase General |"erer hay s\realy pry oem h BM gre procipes | to our mm. Allorall. the Ge neral ia right. Th e commander of te Rt. Lomte, Onr* Teteaes ope sta wt Soseste was hi com) al p inhabitants of it: wae But in the meantime, the free onsul at Smyroa, Mr, Wekbagker, ia re m that his uncle, Prince Royal Ferdinand, same step in order to give access to Prince Christian of Glacksburg, who the title of Christian IX. His Danish retire into the Duchy of Schleswig. Guerrazi, the ex-Dictator of Tuscany, arrived at Marseilles on Monday last. He comes to Paris to re- side, and intends to five in the utmost solitude. Mr. Elihu Burri:t, who is now at La Hague, give to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the king- dom ot the Netherlands, a communication of his ject to establish a mail service for the tranap: of correspondence from England to the East Indies, for the sum of only one denia sterling (two sous French money.) This proposition has been received with much favor, and will be carried into immediate othe Maritime 0 ized by the efforts of aritime Congress, n e ef Lieut. Maury, of the United Btatos, now in fall operation at Brussclls. I have not yet received the report of the proceedings, but I willlook out for hem, and will send them in my next. The representatives of the different nations were—For the United States, Lieut. Maury; for Russia, Capt. Gorkowenko; for Holland, Lieut. Janssens; for France, M. Delamarohi, Hydrographic Engineer; for Norway, Lieut. Ihlon; for Sweden, Lieut. Pattersen; for Portugal, M. Correa, Professor of Navigation at Lisbon; and for Belgium, Captains Lahuré and Quetelet. ‘Ten more delegates are expected. M. Faramoud, who bas been Consul of France in re eer el Ceeenat on ie 11th May, on board of e Eng! ac) en. Hewett, whilst returning from ‘Australia. 4 M. de Montsholon, formerly Consul of France at Richmond, and lately Charge d’ Affairs in the reput- ne of Equador, has just been named Consul-General and Charge d’Affuirs at Lima, Peru, H.R. Panis, Sept. 1, 1853, The Comet and its Carcer—Great Excitement in Paris—Price of a ‘Wink’! at the Star—M. Arago Entirely Cured by It—lIis Effects Upon the Weather—Public Works, Amusements and Speculations—American Genius Abroad—An “Uncle Tom’ Accident— Theatricals—An Artis- tical Difficulty— General Miscellany, &c., $c» The lion of the moment in Paris is the comet, which is now shining bright over our heads. Every evening, from 7 till 9 o’clock, the boulevards and public places are filled with idlers, noses up, and hands in pockets to protect their purses, who are ad- miring the ‘‘tailed star.” The fact 1s that the as. tronomersare in the utmost delight; and M. Arago, who was sick and daily expected to die, has totally recovered, owing to the arrival of thia aster in sight of our planet. The most enormous tales are placed in each shop window fronting the comet, and one “work” ia sold at from twete six sous—cheap enough fora comet. This unexpected star which is now coasting /a pluse et le beau temps over the heavens, was first discovered on the 10th June, 1853, at Gottingen, by Dr. Klinkerfaes, whe described its form and tail, which is about 7,000,000 leagues in length. The comet is “trotting” ata very great speed, and will arrive at its perihelion on the 24 inst. It is said that it will entirely disappear on the 7th. Whether or not it is owing to the presence of the comet in this neighborhood of the globe, it is certain that the atmosphere of our city has been quite va- ried during the past week. Rain, the sun, wind, heat and cold have visited us, and at this present writing, in my closed room, I am almost tempted to have my fire lit ap. I feel as much chilled as though it were on the eve of Chr'stmas. What can this mean ? At Madrid, and in many provinces of Spaia, the heat has been go intense for the last two weeks that the deaths by sun stroke and other diseases were quite numerous. The police of Madrid, by way of prudence, left for several days the gates of the city open, in order to allow the citizens to promenade out of doors and refresh themselves during the night. _ Paria is as dull ag it could be after a cholera ora Plague. The strangers have deserted the city; the American club has sent all its gamblors out of town to the Saratoga and Newport places of Europe. Mo- bile, the Chateau des Fleurs, Avuieres, and other places of amusement are deprived of inhabitants, and the ladies, who are in the habit of visiting these places, are nightly obliged to return on foot, instead f being escorted to their homes by gallant cavaliers in elegant carriages. Alas! poor woman! Poor Paris, etc., etc. When will the winter come back and call again the fashionables of Europe? In the meantime, all the amateura of sport and shooting are preparing their guns, filling their powder and shot flasks, and training their dogs. The opening of the shooting season eomes off on Monday next, and much powder will be burnt out of Paris, in the woods, in the fields, in the meadows, and inthe swamps. Poor quails! Poor hares! Poor pheasants! Poor rabbits! Poor stags! Beware, your death is near at band. ee i Despite the uncommon weather which we are en- countering, the public works of Paris if E tinued with the utmost energy. The Loavre is progressing with universal nishment. The Rue de Rivals is nearly completed, and the Boia de Boulogne embellishments are springing up like as mushrooms. A company of rich mea na been organized, whoee intention is to build on the moun- in of Paris called Montmartre an immense reser- voir, containing 2 500,000 gallons of water, which could be distributed all over Paris by 70,000 pipes. The steam engine would be peers at Clichy, which by its power would pump the Seine water to the reservoir. The same company would also make an arrangement with the railway companies to fetch to Paris some of the different spring waters of the neighborhood of Paris, which eould be distributed at cheap prices all over the city. This is a coloanal enterprive-—will it ever be put into execution? The government has tried the experiment of eleo- tric light for the ure of the workmen who are build- ing the bridge called Potneuf,in order to make them work night and day. The experiment has been quite successful, and it is hoped that with ite use the works of the bridge will soon be completed. It bas been announced that the garden of the Palais Royal had been granied to an architect, who had obtained the power to change it into an im- mense winter y: n. Such a project will not take place, and the Palais-Royal wiil remain what it is— & magnificent place, which has no match in the A caterer for public pleasure has obtained from the Common Council the rant of a certain of the Catacombs, in which he will organize = jtastical ballroom, into which the amateur will have access by a mammoth stviroase of 2,000 steps. The plans of this odd enterprise are not yet made known. No doubt they will be worth being known. They are new, at all events, The cholera is making a wonderful pro; ia the two kingdoms of Denmark and Geeta. At Stock bol cases are 75 a day, and the number t Lund there are 190 cases, and 113 dea'bs. At Copenhagen the number of cases durin: @ week bas been 7,210, and that of deaths 3,912. Is feared that the chelera will make its appearance in the Netherlands, Belgium, and France ere long. What will become of us! Three hundred and forty one for O1 passed through Paris on Monday , and emt #t Havre on Tuesday morning. These men, women, and children are al! Germans, from the city of Vo- raiherg, and they go to the United States to meet their relations who are living there and have been ——_ . They have received money from their 4 to meet them there. Mr. Randotpb sculptor, from the Uni States whe has been stodying Talyfersaversi seore has exhibited a statue of Ruth, in the house of Mr. Selden in Paris. | am told that this work is = LY and reflects great credit upon the artist is, made on Saturday last the ‘mn four hours. The walls of the metres, 3 < f rf a E ; Eres ih ! Fie i i sf il | E 8% a i Se 5 E SF = FI 3 > j rf iH HE Hu