The New York Herald Newspaper, September 4, 1853, Page 3

————— : Naw BHGLAND. The Herald Commissioner’s Report, BarnstaBLw County, Mass., Aug, 3, 1553. Barnstable County, or Cape Cod—First Landing of the Pigrins— Origin of the Name of the Cape— Search for Gold—The Indians—Settlements Made | —Ages of the Principal Towns—Popuiation— Value of Property—Its Distribution—Agricul- tural Productions—Land, Cattle, §c.—Manu- factures—Woelen Goods—Cordage—Glass Fac- tories—Salt and Salt Works—Miscellaneous Ar- ‘igles—Maritinie Pursuits— Amount of Tonnage ~—Ship Building—The Fisheries—Deaths at Sea— Zarge Number of Widows in Barnstable Cown- ty—The Cape Women—General Welfare of the People—Modes of Property—The Otis Family— Chief Justice Shaw—Mr. Hallett—Tie Cape Merchants, &c., §¢. Ifthere is one of the counties of Massachusetts at is better known esbroad than any or all the Tithers, itis the ity of Barnstable, commonly alled, by native and foréignor alike, Cape Cod, It Belongs to the oldest part of Massachusetts, was ori- inally a portion of the Old Colony, and was trod by 1¢ Pilgrims some weeks before they landed at Ply- outh. The first harbor made by the Mayflower, er she left Europe, was that of Cape Cod, or Pro. néétowu. There, on the llth of November, 1620, 9.8.,) a.portion of the Pilgrims landed. It was Mroposed in the Massachusetts Legislature, last year, } erect a monument at Provincetown, in honor of hat event, the first in the history of our State, after ¢ adoption of an “instrument of government,” hich was dove on board the Mayflower; but the oject failed of success, because of the opposition of Pople from parts of the State which probably have uall claims to monumental honors. Massacusetts wm celebrate the events of her history with good F oners and fine talking, but it is clearly wrong in }*r to indulge in the expenditure of money con- ji rning them—public money, I mean. It was in the year 1603, and on the 15th May, that «ptain Bartholomew Gosnold, whose name is of ho note inour early history, first saw this part of ‘@assachussetts, He had arrived from England on (i previous day, in a small vessel called the Con- rd; and on the 15th, after standing to the south, | chored near a cape, which, from having there ken a “ great store of cod fish,” he gave the ex- easive but not very euphonious name of Cape Cod; name, as Drake remarks, ‘‘ which it bears to this y, and which it is ever likely to bear.” It was iarles the First who, nine years later, called it pe Jamés—but Cod sticks to it like the fish itself that name. About 1614 there was a gold-hunting pedition came here from England; but it did not set with quite so much success as some modern peditions to California have experienced. The dians of that day and this region seemed to have | wie fierce race, anda sort of “ Wreckers” in their sy—particularly as our pious historians assure us ere came a pestilence among the Aborigines, tich swept off the New England Indians. What ‘te left were used up through the aid of those tent Christian civilizers—guns and rifles. hough thus early known to the English, Cape d was not the acene of their carly settlements in 's part of New England. The Pilgrims did not stay 1g on it, and it was not until several years after 2 foundation of Plymouth that any settle- wnt wazeffected within the limits of what is now \: county of Barnstable. Sandwioh, I think, was st foundgd in 1637, by people from the colony of chusetts, Barnstable and Yarmouth date from 9, and Kastham from 1644. There is an interest Telic of the early times at Eastham, in » venera- pear tree, which, in point of age, is not unworthy rank with the Endicott pear tree in Essex eounty. was planted by Governor Prince, for many years lef magistrate of the Old Colony, and is not less -n tro centuries in age. Falmouth was incorpo, ed in 1686, Traro, in 1709, and Provincetown in ) ‘7. These two last named towns are probably the t specimens of the Old Cape settlements that are vin existence. On the Cape are to be found bet- specimens of the old colonial times than any- “ere elso in Massachusetts, Primitive ideas and mitive manners Lave continued to exist there long er their disappearance from the rest of the State e cause of this is to be found in the fact that * foreigners come here to live, so that the purity ace has been maintained. There the people have been exposed to the influences of great cities {adhere to the manners of their fathers. Of late ws, however. the prodigious changes in modes of aught have not been without their effect on Burn- ble. Barnstable ia one of our slow growing counties che matter of population. In 1820 it had 24,040 shitants; in 1840, 51,662; in 1850, 83,997. The jlous pursuits in which so many of its people en- qe, and the barrenness of the country, are not fa. able to the increase of numbers. Many persons iove to other parts of the United States—to the st, to our large cities, and to manufacturing ns. In the early times of American manufac- es, whole families used to leave ‘“‘the Cape,’ to ‘k in factories. Of the small increase of popula- between 1840 and 1850, the towns of Barnstable, pectown, Harwich, Sandwich, and Dennis, had 0st the entire amount. Eastham, Yarmouth and actually declined in population during the time. Nhe property of Barnstable in 1840 was valned at 896,685; in 1850, at $8,897,349 74, showing an ase of almost four millions. The greatest rate ncreace wasin Provincetown, which advanced mM $425,050 to $1,043,135. Barnstable increased in $785,856 to $1,522,871; Sandwich, from $788,- to $1,314,391 15; Falmouth, from $682,998 to 14,466 86; Yarmouth, from 15,466 to $746,587 . Dennis, from $423,279 to $798,934 14; Harwich, n $238; 2 to $524,699 75. Allthe other towns dsomel; reased in property. I bere are no large places on the Cape; Barnstable he largest town, and that had 4,503 at the iast us. The average population of the towns is . The smallest town is Eastham, which had ivhabitants three yearsago. Kastham is famous its camp meetings, assemblages of the kind being ii there every summer, to the great edification of ho attend, and their name is legion, on more nts than one. It is an old town, dating back two centuries, The whole number of is thirteen. nd as the Cape unquestionably is, and in many vects unfavorably, situated for eminence in agri- ure, it nevertheless produces fairly. Fhe leading ductions of Barnstable County, in 1860, were n corn, 59,943 bushels; rye, 18,986; oats, 6,370; ry wheat, 882; tons of hay, 13,103; pota- , (about) 120,000 bushels; fruit, (about) 45,000 hels. Qnions are very largely produced. In 5 the amount of butter retu as manufactured the county was 175,000 nds; of cheese, ?,700. ) same year the hens rieans laid half a million g8, and those of Harwich more than a quarter million. Poultry figures extensively among the ms. Beans, 8, wood, wool, various kinds erries, &c., are produced in abundduce. he land of the Cape is thus divided :—tillage, Ql acres; English and upland mowing, 3,464; marsh, %,075; fresh meadow, 1,516; apn of 116; wood land, 71,182; unimproved land, 29,920; provable, 6,369; used for roads, 3,063; covered n water, 21,990. The number of horses in 1850 2,009; of oxen, 617; of cows, 3,858; of steers heifers, 1, f sheep, 1,392; of swine, 1.6% he manufactuzes of Barnstable are not very ex ‘ive, though respectal There are no cotton ories, and but little is done in the manufacture of len goods; the whole capital thus invested bein; 00, in 1860. aed is made at Wellficet ani At Sandwich, in 1850, $41,500 were in- d in foundries, forges, machine shops and nail tack machines; the number of the latter being teen. ‘The glass factories at Sandwich, have a utation; some of their work is not exceeded nythivg that is produced in the glass factories of oe and Horope. The amount of glass annually wifactured there cannot we under half a million ra io value. (lass is also manufactured at Fal. th, There is nota town on the Cape that does manufacture more or lees salt. There are up- 400 establishments for the manufacture of cle, which produce not less than halfa million pels per year. ‘Lhe eupertivial feet of salt works he county extend to almost five millions; of this mouth bad 1,577,300 feet, in 18: ‘almouth, 200; Provincetown, 791,100; Eastham, 770,000; (00; Dennin 7 andwich bad bat m rata are manufactured at Yarmouth The salt works of Barnstable county ie Dennis. ‘| for are not the hills eternal’ are nine times as large as those of all the reat of Massachusetts united. The manufacture of salt wae commenced in 1776. Besides the articles already mentioned, there are manufactured in Barastable county, chairs, cabinet ware, saddles, leather, boots, shoes, tr |, bricks, tin ware, railroad cars, blocks and pumps, blacking, lamp black, codfish oil, palmleaf hats, oi! casks, can- dle boxes, rails, wearing apparel, al! kinds of vehicles, hollowware and castings, axes, fish oil, copper ware, building stone, iron axles, &c., &e. Barnstable is an essentially maritime county, and the amount of its shipping stands fourth in the State—Soffolk, Bristol and Essex alone leading it: and it is but little behind Essex. In 1850 it had 72,048 tons, which must have received considerable additions during the last three years. One-fourth of this tonnage is owned at BaraStabic, Provincetown has about one-sixth, Dennis a little less than one- seventh, and Yarmouth one-tenth. Cuatham aud Harwich come next in order. Eastham is the small- eat town in this respect. Every town has some shipping, and has more or less connection with the ocean. Some vessels and many boats are built. The Cape men participate largely in the American fisheries, They catch whales, codfish, mackerel, alewives, shad, lobsters, oysters, aud everything else that can be speared, hooked, netted, trapped, raked, or otherwise obtained from seas, and banks, and bays aud rivers. It must be a very remote and out- of-the-way piece of water that a Cape Cod fisherman has not “‘ vexed” in some way or other. Mem- bers of the same family cannot ee ted be found st Labrador, on the Grand Banks, in the Pacific, in the Indian ocean, and close to our own shores, in order to supply imme- diate wants in the fishing line. They are a daring, almost a reckless race of men, and expose them- selves to the perils of maritime life with a earelesi- ness that speaks much for their nerves. But they do not always escape unharmed. I suppose there is not a navigable part of the waters of the earth which has not received its tribute of Barnstable’s dead. The ocean receives almost as many of the Cape's shildren into her bosom as the solid earth. Not a month passes which does not see many a bold seaman of the Cape depart who is destined to be Hidden by the rolling waves, which hide Already many a once love-beaten heart Deep in the caverns of the deadly tide. The fants, fleets not seldom encounter severe storms, in which many lives are lost, There is no part of the world where so many widows are to be found as in this county, the number of its people eonsidered. It was stated, some fifteen years since, and on good authority, that there were then almost one thousand widows on the Cape, whose husbands had pecihed at sea. About one-quarter of this number were in the towns of Wellfleet and Norwich. It is not likely that the number has decreased. Many a woman on the Cape much resembles, in one respect, the old housekeeper at Jakshoff, in Scott's “Pirate,” who dreamed that she qas listening to the signal of her lover, aud wak- ened to the recollection that he had been sleeping in the frozen waves of Greenland for many a long year. The women of the Cape are very utifal, being generally blondes, and having much of that delicacy of complexion for which the sex are re- nowned in Nantucket, Newport, and other places which exist under the immed’ate influences of the ocean's breezes. They are industrious, economical, and, generally speaking, thriving. Left, asso many of them every year are, widowed, and with families to rear, they never despair, but enter upon the battie of life with that determination to win which is so often the chief cause of success. Notwithstand- ing the death of so many heads of families at sea, there are few places in the world where there is so little poverty as Barnstable county. To look at it, you would not think the whole county capable of Supporting the people of one of its towns {comfort- ably; and perhaps it would not be, but thatthe people have subdued the ocean to their will, much more effectively than ever was accomplished by theVe- netians. There are few large fortunes in the county, but on the other hand there is as little poverty, as marked an absence of social ill, as can be found any- where on the surface of the globe. The following are some of the modes of ipropacty in Barnstable, not before mentioned:—-Dwelli: houses, 6,661; barns,’ 3,223; shops, 735; os mills of all kinds, 08; and factories, 2 ; superficial feet of wharf, 497,753; amount of stock in trade, $462,518; value of public securities, $8,150; amount of money at interest, $728,053; money on hand, $155,113; bank and insurance stocks, $604,002; share Bro ate other kinds, $72,000; ounces of plate, ish f buildings not previously alluded to, there were, in 1860, 791. The Otis family are of Barnstable origin. James Otis, who founded the family which has since played 80 high a part in our. political history, who was to Massachusetts what Patrick was to Virginia, was born at Barnstable in 1725. en but twenty- three he removed to Boston, where he soon rose eminence. His brother, Samuel Allyne Otis, was father of fae Gray Otis. Lemuel Shaw, who has been Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Mas- wachusetts for twenty-three years, is a native of Barn- stable. Mr. Hallett, now U.S. District Attorney of Massachusetts, belongs to the same itaeee Several of the most eminent Boston merchants were born on the Coes They still maintain their comnection with their birth-place, the people of the Cape being as much attached to their first home as any race that breathes, Cuan es LE Caavvs. Berxsuire County, August 9, 1853. The Extreme Counties of Massachusetts—Berkshire and Barnstable— Origin of Berkshire—lts Towns —Population—Property— Valuation at various times, and Increaee—Eminent Persons—Agricul- ture—Corn, Oats, Hay, Butter, Cheese, Maple Sugar, Honey, §c., §e— Jefferson's Mammoth Cheese—Cattle, §¢,—Land—Manufactures—Cot- ton and Woollen Factorves—Paper Mills—Foun. dries--Cordage—Marble—Lime—Iron Ore+Slate —Miscellaneous Articles—Modes of Property, §c., Fc. When a Massachusetts politician wishes to make a very comprehensive appeal to the people, he takes them in (literally so, sometimes,) ‘from the sands of Cape Cod to the hills of Berkshire.” This has be- come 2 sort of antithesis in politics, and is almost as hacknied as were the words “foregone conclusion” in the late (and slow) Constitutional Convegtion. The two counties are far enough apart, and sufliciently unlike to warrant their being placed in opposition to one another. Berkshire is far away inland; Barn- stable stretches far out to sea. Berkshire shoots up into grand mountains; Barnstable sinks into the flat- ness of Sahara. Berkshire has rocks; Barnstable is not to be beaten in sand. Berkshire draws not a lit- tle of her wealth from the bosom of the earth; Barn- stable is even more indebted to the bosom of the ocean. The Berkshire man, who cherishes that pe- culiarly strong attachment to his home that belongs to the natives of mountainous countries, wonders that any one can exist on so drearya spot as the Cape; at which the Cape man laughs, and tells him that he has often seen mountains compared with which even Taghaonic and Greylock sink to the di- mensions of mole-hills—the Andes, from the deck of his ship, when sailing on the Pacific, or Mont Blanc, or, perhaps, the Himmalayas, for there is no saying where your Barnstable man has not been. Io Barnstable everything is salt to the nostrils and misty to the eyes; in Berkshire, the air is fresh as youth, and the mists that lie on the mountains only render them the more magnificent. In the one county, the grandeur of to-day is the same as it was yester- day, and as it will be through countless to morrows; In the other, the great- ness of nature is various; for though, as the firat of poets has told us, the ocean is now what creation’s morn beheld it, we know that its moods and its manifestations are various. In what is understood by beauty, Berkshire must be admitted, by even the most sanguine of the admirers of Barnstable, to have the same superiority that the Vale of Cachemere has over the beach of Madras. To beauty Barnstable has small claims. Here and there is to be found a beautiful spot, all the more attractive from the drear- iness of «the adjacent country, veritable diamonds of the desert. In Berkshire there is hardly a square league that could not do service—and good service, too—as the Garden of Eden, should the good times return, and Adam and all his race be gathered to- gether in a “Paradise Regained.” There is every thing that man can wish of natural scenery in Berkshire, beside its mountains, while Barnsta- bie has little beside the sea. Then the for- mer county has rivers—the Housatonic and the Green river, not to speak cf minor streams that “flow by in crystals,” that have been hymned by great pocts, who have also placed her woods and field4, mountains and vales, in immortal verse; while the Cape’s glories have rarely been sung, and must depend for justice upon dealers in prow. The contrast between these counties extends to their politics. [n Berkshire the whigs are seldom in the majority, and some of her towns are noted “demo- cratic strongholds,” as the papers say. [n Barnsta- ble the democrats never have a majority, aud there are but few of the Cape towns where the whiga do not triumph now 9s of old. Mven the free «oil storm produced but livie effect on Barnstable. She re mained faithful to the whig namo did is one of tho only three countica in Massachusetts that always elected whig Senators during the days of the coali- tion, The free aoilers are comparatively few in Berkebire, but are strong enough to hold the balance of power at important elections. Were the coalition as perfect there as it is in some otbor counties, it would wia great victories. The jealousy of the two branches of that body have hitherto prevented it from doing ita perfect work amoog the hills. The future may sec its action guided by more of that discretion which is one of the means of victory. Berkshire has & respectable age. The countydates from 1761, whea if was incorporated; but settle- ments had been made within its limits many years earlier, and several of its towns had a regular politi- cal existence a century ago. The oldest town is Sbeftield, which waa incorporated in 1733. Stock- bridge dates from 1739, veral other important towns were incorporated previous to the revolution— Pittsfield, Williamstown, Lenex, Egremont, aid Lanesborough, being of the number. Lenox is the shire town, and was incorporated in 1767. It is a beautiful town, and is beautifully situated—the gem and its setting being in what ‘artists call ‘“ keep- ing.” ts attractions have been great in the eyes of some very great people. Fanny Kemble used to open up to the eyes of the unsophisticated natives practical illustrations of the ‘“ strong-miuded | wo- man,” until she bad turned the heads of whole schools of the prettiest girls that ever perilled the souls of men, and whose presence in the antedilu- vian world would have formed an unansqerable de- fence for the bumau loves of the angels for other and fairer angels. A not less eccentric genius who honored Lenox with his presence for some time, was Mr. Hawthorne. He went there after Gen. Taylor bad served him as King Rivhard served the Duke of Buckingbam—cut head off. The men of Lenox never knew what to make of time, wherein they resemble the rest of nrankind, who have been equally unsuccessful. Lenox is said to have been pamed trom the family name of the Dake of Rioh- mond, as the town Richmond, of which Leuox was formerly a ‘ion, was from his title. At Wil- liamstown is Williams College, named from Colonel Ephraim Williams, a roted soldier of colo sial times, who left 8 sum of money for the establishment of a free school. his school was opened in 1791, and has since risen to collegiate rank, having received considerable assistance from the State and from in- dividuals. Lee was incorporated in 1777,and named in honor of Charles Lee, then considered to be the ablest officer in the Revolutionary army, his laurels not having then been withered by the heats of Mon- mouth. Hancock—originally called Jericho—was incorporated in 1776, and took its designation from Jobn Hancock, who tbat year headed the signers of the Declaration of Tie peanetbe Two years later Adams was incorporated, and named from Samuel Adams, who was 60 intimately connected with Han- cock. Dalton was named after Tristram Dalton, in 1784, be being then Speaker of the House of Repre- sentatives, and afterwards first Massachusetts United States Senator. Otis took that name in 1810, in ho- nor of Harrison Gray Otis, having previously been called London. Pittsfield was called after William Pitt, in 1761, he being then at the height of his fame. The original name of Windsor was Gagebo- rough, from General Gage, wko was the royal Gov- ernor of Massachusetts when it was inoorporated, in 1771. In 1778 the name was changed to Windsor. The population of Berkshire, in 1820, was 35,666; 311840, 40,882; in 1850, 48,937. There are thirty- one towns; of these, the most rapid increase was made by Adams, which ascended from 3,639 to 6,050 inhabitants. Lee, Pittsfield, Williamstown, Sheffield and Great Barrington also made respectable addi- tions to their Penna ots Clarksburg, Dalton, Egremont, Hancock, Mount Washington, New Ash- ford, Otis, Peru, Richmond and Stockbridge, during the same time, declined in the number of their in- habitants. The other towns made some amall in- creage, in each case. The State valuation of 1840 showed the propert; of Berkshire to be $9,546,926 76, which had inereumadl in 1850 to $17,197,607. ‘The largest increase was in the case of Pittsfield, which rose from $1,065,008 to $2,660,744 60; the smallest, that of New Ashford, which was $74,993 in 1840, and $99,966 in 1850. Adams was valued, in 1840, at $773,929, and in 1850 at $1,724,484. Great Barrington rose from $625,125 to $1,288,176; Lee, from $474,761 to $966,820; Shef- field, from $631,883, to $1,108,145; Stockbridge, from $469,427 to $733,871 40; Williamstown, from $547,- 740 to $973,309; and Cheshire, from $222,385 to 16,586 50. eed, town made some gain, and ston Corner, which seems to have made no re- turns, was doomed to have in than 50 per cent. The towns wi ein people were by no means behind in adding to their wealth, a fact which I have had occasien to note in the case of some other counties. Thus, Stockbridge lost about one-seventh of her inhabi- tants, and increased her wealth some sixty per cent. Haucock lost a fifth of her people, and added more than one-tenth to her property. Egremont expe- rienced a small loss in men, aug made a large gain in money. So it was with Dalton, Clarksburg, Peru, and Mount Washington. Berkshire has produced her full share of emiuent men, and seems to be especially favored by distin- ished persons from abroad. “Some of these latter ave already been mentioned. Among them are Herman Melville, who, if be would understand to write about the things of this world, would be as popular as Dickens, but whose later works are such as neither gods nor men, nor columns can tolerate. He lives at Pittsfield, and has a beautiful place there. Dr. Holmes, the poet and the wit, is another Pitts- field landed proprietor; and Nathan Appleton has a Reems It is scarcely necessary to say tuat soy. Briggs isa Pittsfield’ man, or that Mr. Rock. well, who succeeded him in Congress, and who was his colleague in the Constitutional Convention, also resides there. The Sedgwicks, who are a historical family, and who were so before they came here, are of Berkshire. Miss Sedgwick is a native of Stock- bridge. Mr. Bryant is sometimes spoken of asa Berkshire man, but erroneously, as he was born at Cummington, in Hampshire county. The agricultural character of Berkshire is very high. The land is rough and hilly to a very great extent, but that whichis rich and produc’ is of the very first kind. he principal productions in 1850 were, Indian Corn, 219,948 bushels; oats, 312,611 do.; rye, 48 do.; wheat, 5,874 do.; bay, 70,995 tons; potatoes, about 400,000 bushels; fruit, do. The amount of firewood cut must I find in the returns for 1845 that it then be large, exceeded 52,000 cords, and some towns made no re- turns. The value of this wood was some $85,000. Sheflicld and Great Liege ee produced the largest amounts of In corn,the former 23 bushels,and the latter 23,631. Pittsfield produced 18,345 bushels, and Stockbridge and Williamstown a'most as much each. Sheflield and Great Barrington also lead in oats, though the wid article is not understood to flourish in either of them. In rye, too, they lead, Sheftield being considerably ahead. Lenox, Pitts field, and Hinsdale are the best wheat towns, and handsomely increased the amount of their produc- tions between 1845 and 1850. Pittsfeld made the most hay in 1850, being 5,862 tons: but Sheffield was close at her heels, producing 5,754 tons. Adams comes next, und is followed in order by Great Bar- rington, Willlamstown, Becket, Sandisfield, and Windsor. ‘This county is famous for the amount and excel- lence of its butter and cheese. In 1845 the amount of butter made, according to official returns, was a million pounds; of cheese, 2,300,000 lbs. Both amounts were probably not a little below the exact truth; and considerable additions must be made to them to get at the present rate of production. Pro- bably each amount should be doubled. In the year named, Sheffield was the largest butter making town, as she returned 145,200 lbs. The next best towns were Pittsfield and New Marlborough. Adams was first in the production of cheese—374,578. The next was the little town of Cheshire, which manufactured 843,000 Ibs. It was in this town that was made the famous mammoth cheese that was presented to President Jefferson, on New Year's day, 1802, and which weighed 1,450 lbs. Cheshire, it may be re- marked in passing, has been noted for more than half a century on account of its attachment to Jeffersonian political principles. Its vote has sometimes stood twenty to one in favorof democratic candidates. The most “cheesy” towns, after Adams and Cheshire, are Sandisfield, ‘Tyringham,New Marlborough, Williams- town, and Otis. The namber of eows in Berkshire in 1850, above three years old, was 18,142. Maple sugar {s largely made in this county. Not less than a third of a million pounds is made an- nually. Honey is also made in great quantities, many thousand pounds being taken every year. The quantity of becswax is large. Perhaps there is nothing that conveys the idea of moral excellence more forcibly than the production of these two ar- ticles, inseparably associated as they are with that most cnstom-life sound, the drowsy hum of bees. What Alechylus calls texe— “lucid honey, pure distilled By the wild bee, that craftsman of the flowers,” is essentially the nectar of country life. Beside the agricultural articles already mentioned, Berkshire also procuces barley, common wool, flax, broom corn, buckwheat, peas, beans, millet, eggs, poultry, garden sceds of various kiads,teuzles, cider, feathers, grass seed, clover seed, merino wool, Saxony wool, a &e., &c. The number of horses in the county in 1850, was 7,031; of oxen, steers and heifers, 11,970; ofsheep, 7 6,160. There are of mowing lands, pasturage, 15 of woodland, 104 proved land, 113,068; of land cove: 095. The number of barns, in 1 acres; of of anim @ good position. There are twenty-seven cotton fac- tories, with 42,615 spindles, Adams has fifteen of these, and almost two-thirds of their whole value. Fittsticld comes next, but at a long interval; and then Stockbridge, Williamstown, Great Barrington, Cheshire. aud lee. There are twenty-four woollen fac- tories. Pittsfield takes the lead in this business, and is followed by Adams, Dalton, Great Barrington, Lee, Hinsdale aud Stockbridge. A great deal of paper is { bere manufactured, Loe being the prineipal towa, 19 , Wi 3 As a manufacturing county, Berkshire maintains | the business. In 1850 there were thirty-two paper mails in the county, of which Lee had nineteon, worth cousiderably more than all the others. Situated on the Housatonic, Lee is tavored for manulacturin; purposes, The other paper making towns are Dal on, New Mariborough, Tyringham, Sheffield, Wet Stockbridge, and Monterey, There are silk aud calico printing establishments at Adams. At Piits- field and Adams are copper, iron and brass foun- dries; forges at Lenox; ore beds and furnaces at Rich- mond, Lenox, Lee, Stockbridge, Otis, Adams, Che- shire, New Marlborough, Great Barrington, and Hancock, valued at $351,000; and machine shops at Pittetleld, Lenox, Cheshire, aud Stockbridge—gou,- 600. Cordage is mace in some places, but not very extensively. The miscellaneous manufactures are hollow ware ang castings, agricultural implements of -all kinds, todp, candles, leather, boots and shoes, bricks, lum- ber, chairs, cabinet ware, articles of wrought iron, tin ware, axes, hata, caps, watches, clocks, jewelry, ‘old and silver ware, trunks, saddles, lasts, boot trees, rooms, wooden ware, bar iron, anchors, machinery, powder, pig iron, blacksmiths’ work, barrels, shin- gles, casks, cheese boxes, palm leaf hats, musical instruments, railroad cars, fire arms of all kinds, combs, building stone, mechanics’ tools, various kinds of carriages, borse shoos, ve- neers, carpets, straw bonnets and hats, mittens, stockings, nail machines, nails, nail kegs, and so forth. There are grist mills, at which much wheat, corn, &c.is ground; 273 saw mills, 24 fall- iog mills, 2 slitting mills, 3 distilleries, 27 tan houses, 17 tron works and furnaces, and 46 mills for Barpones not specifically mentioned. he marble of Berkshire is well known, both for its abundance and ita various character. Large quantities of it are annually quarried. The princi- Be town in this respect is West Stockbridge, and heffield has the next place, and is fulbowed by Lanesborough. Slate is another material that pays well. Lime is made jn almost every town. Iron ore is abundant. Manganese is obtained in some places. In 1850 the number of dwelling houses in Berk- shire was 7,349; of shops, 828; amount of every tou's ttock in trade, $708,082; of public securities, $17,100; of money at interest, $1,376,325; of bank and insurance stocks, 293,359; other share pro- perty, of all kinds, $237,040; ounces of plate, 3,572. ‘The peculiarities of this beautiful county, and the merits of some of its most striking localities, 1 shall .endeuvor to do justice to in some future letters. Caar.es Lk Caauve. Religtous Intelligence, SERMONS. A sermon in aid of the sufferers at New Orleans will be preached in_ the Greene street Synagogue this afternoon at half-past two o'clock. Rey. Antoinette L, Brown will preach this fore- noon in Metropolitan Hall. Rev. Mr. Smythe, of Charleston, S. C., will preach to-day, morning and afternoon, in the Canal street Presbyterian church. Divine worship in the Spanish language will be held this afternson, commencing at four o'clock, b; Mr. Montsalvage, in the lecture room of the charel corner of William and Fulton streets. Rey. William Cleland, of the Second Presbytery of New York, will preach this evening in Montague Hall, Brooklyn. The Prophet Snow will preach this afternoon and evening at Mount Zion church, 163 Bowery. ORDINATIONS. Rev. Levi A. Field was ordained on the 3st, over the Congregational church in Marlboro’, Mass. The Right Rev. Bishop Williams, of Connecticut, held a special ordination in Grace Church, Provi- dence, on the 30th ult.—when the Rev. Messrs. Ed- ward L. Drown, Edward P. Gray and William H. Mills were ordained to the ministry. INVITATION. Rey. William. Horton has received an invitation to oe rectorship of St. Paul’s church, in Newburyport, aes. ACCEPTANOES. Rey. George T. Rider has accepted a call to St. John’s church, Canandaigua, Western New York. Mr. A. W. Sproull, a licentiate of the Presbytery of Philadelphia, has nooeyeet aninvitation to supply the church in Jacksonville, Fa. The Rev. William Horton has accepted the rec- torship of St. Paul’s church, in Newburyport. He will commence his parochial duties immediately. ~ DECLINATION. Rev. R, P. aris has declined the invitation to the new church to be organized in Park avenue, St. Louis, and is supplying the First church, Peoria, Ill. “ RESIGNATIONS. Rev. Patrick H. Greenleaf has resigned the charge of St. Mark’s church, a new parish organized in Bos- ton, and accepted a call m Christ church, in Madison, Ia. Tey. Charles Lowe, assistant pastor of the Uui- tarian church in New Kedford, has determined to tender the resignation of his charge, on account of confiumed ill health. Rey. Samuel MckKiuney, D. D., has resigned the Presidency of Austin College, Texas, and tikes a oe position iu the Female College, at Hernando, iss. Rey. John Blain has teal St the pastoral care of the Bethesda Baptist church, Charlestown, Mass. : NEW CHURCHES. The most Rey. Archbishop Hnghes, will lay the corner stone of St. Mary’s church now building on the corner of Leonard and Remson streets, W ms burg, on Sunday next 11th inst. ‘The Bishop of New Jersey will institu church, in Hobeken, to-day, commenci: past 10 o'clock A. M. The new church of St. Agnes, near Mount de Let fe Catonsville, Pa., wae dedicated on the 21st ult. The new Episcopal church at Rockford, Tl., was consecrated on the 23d-ult., by Right Rev. Dr. Whitehouse, Bishop of Illinois. The Bishop of New Jersey consecrated St. Ste- phen’s church, at Mullica Hill, N.J., on the 30th ult. The Baptist meeting-house lately crected in Bauks- ville, Coun., was dedicated on the 25th ult. A movement is in progress for another Congrega- tional church in this city, by the socicty of which Mr. Belden is pastor. A plot of gronnd has already been purchased in the neighborhood of Thirty- fourth street and Fifth avenue, and the erection of a lecture room begun. The Second Baptist church, Baltimore, are build- ing a new house of worship on Broadway, near Pratt. Tie cornerstone was laid on the 2th ult., with an address from Dr. Fuller. MISCELLANEOUS. From the Southern Churchman we leara that in the diocess of Virginia the Prdtestant Episcopal Church has 5,299 communicants, 659 having been admitted during the year: and 52 Sunday schools, with 565 teachers, and 2,975 scholars. The diocess has contriboted to the cause of religion and for church purposes, during the year, $26,650. Nearly 500 of the graduates of Amherst College— almost one-half of its Alumni—have entered the ministry. They compose now more than one-fifth of the Congregational ministers of Massachusetts, and more than forty of them have gone as missionaries to the heathen. ‘The Methodists of Maine are taking measures to i 00 for the establishment of a female col- institute, Rey. James Lowry, of Chester district, S. C., re- cently deceased, left $1,000 to the Old School Pres byterian General Assembly's Board of Foreign Mis- sions, and *1,000 to the Board of Domestic Mis- sions. The Congregational Association of this State are preparing to establish a theological school ia Ro- chester. The site has been selected, we under- stand, near the corner of North and Atwater streets, in that city. The Michigan Conference of the Methodist Epis- copal Church will hold its annual session in Detroit, commencing on the 14th September next. St. Paul's at half- Tar Storw at New Oxvnans.—Our citizens will remember, says the New Orleans Picaywae of the 22d uilt., the sudden storm of wind that came up about half-past 3 o’clock P. M. on Saturday, and how the dust flew in almost suffocating clouds through the streets and in the houses, The same storm reached Mobile and points across the lake, or rather came from there. At Ocean Springs, one of the yachts sailing in the regatta was capsized. in one instance, as we ere informed verbally, almost a solid bank of sand was taken up and carried at least a mile out into the bay. Lake Pontchartrain felt the effects of the blow very visibly. At the end of the railroad a boat was capsized, but no damage was cansed by it. Unfor- tunately, however, a life was lost about the same time. A man beeeatt on the wharf had his hat blown into the lake, and he endeavored to recover it by jumping after it. He was unable to swim, and though assistance was attempted to be t aes him, he was drowned. His body was recovered. The Mobile Advertiser says that about two o'clock | that city was visited with ‘® small hurricane,’ and adds:— It came from the north, almost without warning, and blew ‘ great guns” for half an hour or more. During that time the dust whirled about, blinding every one; doors and shutters swayed to aud fro wiih discordant violence; hats were blown off the heads of unsuspecting og ers; petticoats displayed a great likeness to balloons, and evary- thing generally presented an appearance more novel and amusing to the spectator than pleasing to the sufferer. The ladies found progression inapossible, aud incontinently took refuge in dry goods, jewelry and cther stores, while the jnveniles and negroes looked on and enjoyed the fim. A joud clap of thun dor and a heavy shower of rain finished uasure’s per formancey for the days Orywtal Patace. Tt having been anuounced that the receipts of the Exhibition on Wednesday would be devoted to the aid of the suffering and dying in New Orieans, appareatly in the forenoon a lerger company toaa usual were within the Palace in consequence. Lhe great at- tractions atthe present time are the Gobelin tapes- tries and Sevres porcelain. The section in which these articies are rhown is filled almost constantly with admiring visiters, delighted with the beauty and novelty of these wonderful works. The contribution of the Pope, which we noticed a few days agu—a pictare of St. John, in mosaic—is exposed to exami. nation in the Italian department, below stair. It is much admired, The Austrian and Italian departments, having Deen robbed by the picture gallery of the paintings which lined their sections, have supplied the place of them with velvets, silks and lace. Italy is cele- brated fir her maaufacture of superior velvets, aud the display made in the Palace shows that this repu- tation is well founded. ‘The most valuable and beauti(ul article in the Cryz- tal Palace. in the way of jewelry, is displayed in the case of Tiffany, Young & Ellis, inthe American depart- ment. This interesting contribution is a large poart necklace, lately contributed, valued at $15,000. This is its bona fide price, fourteen thousand five hundred having been offered for it by an Amesican minister, Jately appointed to one of the courts of Hurope, and refused. ‘This necklace is composed of a wreath of pearls, the collection of which has cost some years of time. To it is attached a very large diamond, valued at many thousand dollars. As advertised, the building will be lighted up to- morrow night, for the first evening exhibition. At the same time the picture gallery will be ready, and opened for the admission of visiters. Among the new inveations which American geniu has produced ,we find the Self Holding Screw Driver, fully deserving notice. his is exhibited in the American department below stairs, by Switzer Key ser, the inventor, of Ohio. The construction of this is so simple that the most ignorant could use it with out difficulty; and it must be productive of a grea saving of time and labor to mechanics. The screw driver is encased in a brass tube, in which it revolves. When the brace which holds the screw is in opera- tion, it closes around the head of the ac rew two brags clasps, which firmly hold it in its place till driven in the wood. This obviates the necessity ot boring a hole for the screw beforehand. Ia drawing also, it is equally effectual and valuable. Associated with the above isa patent extension bit, invented and exhibited by Chas. A. Barnes, which is also an important addition to me- chanical instruments. The object of this invention is to give with one instrament, what usually is only gained by a full set. Any sized hole desired can be made by regulating one of these bits, and upon a Mahogany board we saw 160 different sized holes thade by a set of three of these new instrumente, BRITISH DEPARTMENT.—STATION ERY. Tn our notice of the stationery in the British de- partment, we omitted to mention the display of Whatman's “ Turkey mill” drawing, account book, and writing papers, manufactured by Thomas and John Hollingworth. These papers comprize every description of the abcve articles manufactured for the use of artists and others, and are of the finest and most delicate texture. Messrs. Hollingworth present a fine display of the above goods, and also several samples of rag in various stages ot prepara- tion. Their stand adjoins that of Messra. De La Rue & Co., and is under the charge of Mr. Pierce Supple, the agent of the latter firm. Washi. a Gossip. {From the Evening Star, August 30.) Minors Enuistine IN THe Usirep Srates Army.—tThe following ‘“ general ordera” are being eent ont from the War Department. The latter por- tion embraces matter of general interest :— GENERAL OrpeERS, } War DerartMent, No. 23. § Apacrant GENERAL's Orrice Wasurnaton, Aug. 25, 1353. I. The following regulation has been received from the War Department, and is published tothe army :— When the non-commissioned staff of regiments are serving at the same post, they will be allowed quar- ters and fuel at the following rates :— The Sergeant Major and Quartermaster Sergeant of a regiment, one room, and fuel therefor. The chief bugler and principal musicians of each mounted regiment, one room, and fuel therefor. ‘The principal musicians of each infantry regiment, one room, and fuel therefor. Whenever any of the non-commissioned staf are detached on duty from the regimental head quarters, and are serving separately at avy military post or station, they will each be alowed one room and the fuel therefor. IL. The following rates of the monthly commuta- tion for quarters at the stations hereinafter men- tioned, were established by the Secretary of War, July 27,1853, and are Bablianed. for the informa- tion and government of all concerned:— At New Orleans, La, sveees $12 per room. At the city of New York............ 10 * At San Francisco, Cal At all other stations in the Tenth military department.......... 15 M At all stations in the Eleventh wili- ay department... ............ At all stations in the Eighth and Ninth military departments. 0 {11. The Secretary of War having decided that all orders hereinafter alee for discharge from the service of the United States on account of minority, shall be made subject to the condition that no “ con- trolling impediment’ exists. The following in- structions are given for the government of the com- manding officers to whom the order of discharge is eent:— If the minor be adeserter at large; if he has de- served during his enlistment, and has been condi- tionally pardoned; if he is under charges for deser- tion, or any other serious military offence, and the ends of justice are likely to be deleated by his dis- charge; or if he has attained his majority before the receipt of the order, and is unwilling to be dis- charged, the “controlling impediment” contemplated | by the Secretary of War, wil! then exist, and the commanding officer will suspend the discharge, and immediately report all the facts of the case tor the information aud further action of the War De- partment. IV. By direction of the Secretary of War, Fort Brown, Texas, eet on the list of chaplain posts, in the place of New Orleans Barracks, which is dropped from the list. By order, 8. Coorgr, Adjutant General. Tae New Unirep Srares Cor, &c.—The Trea- surer of the United States has recently received a considerable quantity of the new United States silver 30 Ww coin from the Philadelphia mint, which, by direc- tion of the Secretary of the Treasury, we understand, he is ready to exchange for gold with thove in Wash- ington who desire it. Just now there are nearly six hundred thousand dollars in the hands of the Treasurer, in this city, which, we apprehend, is a larger amount than was evor before in the hands of that officer at any one time. This accumulation probably arises from the at heavier disbursements at this point are now d by the law, than have ever been. AN Assistast Navan Exsainesr Restaxep.— First Assistant Engincer Thomas Kilpatrick, now attached to the Princeton. has resigned. His resig- uation leaves a vacancy in the Third Assistant Engi- neers of the service, which has been filled by the usual granting of a Third Assistant engineer's war- rant to F. G. Sumwalt, who stood highest on the list of those examined for the position, A New Patent Orrice Appornrment.—Edward Shaw, of Connecticut, has been appointed to a $1,200 clerkship in the Patent Office, made vacant by the promotion of Dr. Forman to be an Assistant Examiner > r, Purser Wm. (. Marcy baa been ordered to duty upon the steamer Ful (in the on, grounds squadron,) there being no purser on that ship. A New CLerk tn THE Generat Lanp Orricr.— John McDuell, D. C., has been appointed in place of Geo, W. Kimberly, late a $900 clerk there. RESIGNATIONS IN THE GENERAL LAND OFFICE.— J. Harper, of Maryland, has resigned a $900 clerk- ship, and Isaac Paul a $1,200 place. (From the Evening Star, Aug. 51) Orricers’ Penstons.—A ion qnestion of some interest js w to be pending before the Secretary of the Interior, viz.: whether an ap icant who is breveted for gallautry in an action in which he receives the wound for which he is to be pensioned, is entitled to be pensioned at the rank which he held when wounded, or at the brovet rank conferred on him by the President, to date back to the day of tho action above mentioned? There are many such cases growing out ot the Mextcan war. the applicanta in all of them contending, of course, for the greater rates of pension which would he due under the increased rank. It strikes us, however, that there is nothing in the law to justify pensice: ing them ata higher yank than that in which the: nay have actually served when receiving the woun Ww. BH. Breseun, Charge to Baenos Ayres, bas not notified the State Department, wo apprehend, of his disposition to declice the diplo- 4 qatio pppaxtment tendered to aiga by the presque Tar How take it for granted that of bis health caused the admials- tration thus to piace him, for its reatoration, for aome time in a climate woerein he coutd be saved for the future of hia country. Yet, as his health is of late much better, we trust that he will conclude to remain in Congress, wherein his services must just now be much more advantageous to his country than at Buenos Ayres, in the presvat state of our ce- with that power. Business in tum Tarp Acorror’s Orrion— We understand that in tue Taird Anditor’s office such is now the condition of business as that ail ae- counts are completely ‘up,’ except those of quar- termastere and engineers, which are also in such condition as that the account of any one of cau be taken up, stated, and settled at a moment's notice. It is ex»ected that, in all the moath of Ue- tober, these twe classes of business will no longer be Lehingband. VaLinva Pinney —The President, we hear, de clines to pardon this women, who was convicted at the December term (of 1852) of the Criminal Court forthe District of Columbia of larcecy axd receiv- ing stolen goods. She is now serving out her sea- tence of two confinement in the jail of this county. ‘The papers on which ber application for a paréon were based are understood to have embraced ho point to weaken the justice of her conviction anf sentence. Ruvenv® Maniwe Service—Resicnation, Pao- MOTIONS AND AprorntMeNts.—Second Licutonamt Wm. B. Randolph, U.8.R. M. 8., to be firat Liew-~ tenant, vice first Lieutenant John McGowan, resign- ed. Third Lientenaut D. G. i. Gardiner, to be ae- cond Lieutenant, vice Randolph, promoted. Jehan E. Wilson, D. C., (restored) appointed to be a third Lieutenant, vice Gardiner, proiuoted. Navan Enornages Onpkxep 70 Toe SrRaMee ALLEGHANY, PREPARING FOR SBA, aT Nogrow! Vinainia.—Chief engineer B. I. Isherwood; fit assistant engineers M. P. Patterson and J. M. Maury; second assistant engineers M. Fletcher and J.M. Adame; third assistant engineers C.W. Lee, H. Haines and C. Lindsley. Passsp Mipsatreman Oxperep to Toa Re ceiving Snipe av Boston.—Passed Midahi H.C, Blake, detached from the Observatory, Waele ington, and ordered as Acting Master of the reoed ing ship at Boston. Wavar. EnGincER OnpereD TO Srtausmer Herzei.—Second Assistant Enginecr T. A, Ste- phens has beex ordered to the Coast Survey steamer etzel. Tur Navan Srorrkeeren —We undersand thet F. MeNerhany, q., willenter upon bis duties as Naval Storekeeper to-morrow, and that he bas ag I By made no changes in the clerical force of his oftlice. ReeistrrR oF a Land Orricr Arrorntsp,—Kid- mund W. Martin, Register of the Land Office at Sparta, Alabama, vice Nicholas Stalworth, deceased. Cuanors IN THE Wasuinaron City Post Oe F1ce.—Patrick Byrns and John W. Mead have bees: appointed messengers in this office, vice Joha F. King and Samuel Crown, removed, {From the Evening Star, Sept, 1 ] Deara anv Sickness Or NAvAL OFricrRs.— Just before going to preas this afternoon we learn, by telegraph from Pensacola, that the yellow fever is very bad at that place. Purser Fauntleroy, U. 8. N., and Captain Baker, U.S. M.C., have died from it, and Capt. Tattnall, U.S. N., now lies there in aw alcraiae condition indeed. The sloop-of-war St.Mary's, ordered to be pre vared for sea, (at the Philadelphia Navy Yard,) @ few days ago, will be ready to receive her officerm. ... and crew ina very short time. She will then ef” once be sent to eca, there being at this time almost recruits enough in Baltimore aud New York to make up her full complement of seamen. It is not yet known whether she will be sent to the Brazils or te the Pacific. We take it for granted that wherever she may be ordered, there will bea great scramble among the. ..« officers, now on leave, to avoid joining her, ag, 801 how or other, of late years the eont with mah; em has been to escape from being forced! sea. No sea-dreading landsman was ever possessed, with a greater horror of going to sea then at such times appears to take ion of the minds of a considerable per centage of naval officers enjoying otium cum dig. ashore. " The mission to Venezuela is actually the only di- lomatic appointment upon which the new adm\nis- tion has not yet ‘acted definitely—that is, except the ee an Aeaceaenin ite = age of ten gentlemen P) in gel ove of the similar places given out by President Pierce, we take itfor granted that from two hun- dred and fifty to five hundred patriots are being pressed on the administration for this last chatice. After it goes what will be left by way of a balance- wheel to steady the future motions of the host of disappointed? News rrom THe Pasties oF LrevreNanTs Nisin iy Pare thee gentlemen, it remembered, are engaged in reconnoitering from Benicia towards Walkers, Pass, for a Pacific railroad route. They arrived at San Francisco om the 19th of June, and after a good deal of trouble ia getting an outfit they got off from Benicia on the loth of July, and reached Fort Miller on the 24th of the same month. From Benicia, where their labors really commenced, the parties crossed the Straits to Martinez, and struck south of Monte Dia- bolo to Livermore’s Pass, in the coast range, At that place they spent some time taking accurate and reliable barometric measurements, having taken simultaueous readings at the entrance and summit, aud at the summit and debauche. J'rom that poiat to Fort Miller they took the readings at their several camps, the question of practicability fora railway through the Tature and San Joaquin valleys being already settled, at least so far as grades may be con- cerned. All pereons in these two parties had kept quite well upto the date of these advices, though the weatber was exceedingly hot. At Fort Miller the river (San Joaquin) is rapid, deep, and as cold as ice, coming directly from the mountains, covered with snow, even at that season. Mr. Beale lad not been heard from on that side at the date of these letters. Senator Gwin and Captain Jordon (Q.M. U. S. A.) had been with these parties, but had left a few days before for Walker's Pass. Lieutenant Williamson contem makiog a fixed camp on Kern river, or thereabouts, from which it was his purpose to reconnoitre the whole range jn that vicinity. They find it very dif- ficult indeed to obtain reliable information concera- ing Walker's Pass until they may reach it. fue U. pa eee de) Ce REL ey roll Spence, Esq. , recently apy to this position, will go out in some six reeks) via Paris. He will probably embark from a Mediterranean port on & national vessel for bis diplomatic post. The sloop-of-war Albany had not_arrived at New York, at a late hour last evening. She had been er- roneously reported a day or two before. No uneasi- ness need be felt on her account. ‘We presume that a8 soon as she can Peoece for sea at the Brooklyn navy yard she will resume her station in the Guif, without approaching the Ashing ground, whither it seems to have been thoughtshe would be despatched; it being apparently evident that the force now iv that quarter is amply sufiicient for the protection of our fishermen there. The Hon. Wa. J. Brown, of Indiana, one of the terrible ogres of the heur, (in the estimation of those wanting the office he h ids, and their log-roiling friends,) isin Washingto A Purser From On10.-~-Thomas H. Looker, Esq., of Ohio, has been appointed a purser in the navy. If we are not atly mistaken this is the first in- stance in which a purser has been appointed from Ohio since the foundation of the government. DRAGOMAN AT CONSTANTINOPLE.—We have every reason to believe that, after calmly reviewit the papers, proand con, bearivg w the qi yor retaining or superseding J. P. Brown, Esq., so loog the dragoman of the American legation at Gonstan- tinople, the administration have concluded to retain him. This determination is » wise one, as all Ame- rican travellers in tie East will testify. Of all cities in the world for chevalers d'industrie Constantino- p'e is first and foremost. They seem to take espe- cial pains to identify themselves with this count when there, of cowise for the protection of its flag. Mr. Brown's thorough knowledge of them, and hi firmness in always protecting his real countrymen against them, is the cause of the efforte being made to prejudice the American public against bim, through the press of Europe as well as the United States, wherever they can be reached by euch par- ties or their friends. NEWS FROM THE FISHING GRovNDS SovADRON.—- executive. We An officer in the squadron writes from ‘Pirate's Cove, Gut of Canso,” on the 19th ult,, to a friend in Wash- ington, saying that “the Gut of Canso is a arrow strait, thirteen miles long, and about a mile wide, with ple ue scenery on both banks, inhabited by ial fis) ‘and Micmac Indians. * * *" A fisherman, bound to Portamouth, N. H., has jast boarded us, (the Princeton.) He has won bis ‘cargo from the briny deep of British waters, after running all the risk of seizure, and the discomforta of ish surveillance. He hopes that the American government wil! do something effectual and perma- nent towards obtaining for them those privileges im the fishing business so essential to their maintenance and the Rigen of their families. He says the mack- erel are al! inside of three miles— , Only about: one mile and a half from shore, and it is therefore impossible to get a cargo without encroaching upom Britieh reserves. The craisers are continually on the alert, driving the Americans off wherever found. They have no appeal for measurement. Ifa cruiser says, ‘Pull up your lines and go off,” the Yankee has to comply, slthough he may be satisfied that he ie outside of three miles.” Mrtaxcnony Loss—Two Cui,DREN BURNED TO Z township, Hillsdale county, one yer ti Ties occupied by the ‘amily of Mr. Weich, now in California, was destroyed by fire. wT rere two smell children in the house, wha aoe ‘since been heard of, and it is generally posed that they perished in the Hames, Few of Affects tere saved, aa the flames gained considerable eadway beforg they werg Uiscover yd — Toledo Biadey