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THE CASE OF KOSTZ2A. Fhe Policy of the Administration in Kegard to Ameriean Citizens Abroad.» Important Hanifesto Supposed to have been Written by Hon. Caleb Cashiag. ENUNCIATION OF AMERICAN LAW ON ALLEGIANCE AND NATURALIZATI &e., &e., &e. His difficult at first sight to jnstify the trep'dation ‘which the eolitary lesson tangbt by Capt. lograhsm, im the protection of M. Koezta,has excited ia Europe. "Fhe eminently diplomatic circles of that continent, and especially of Austria, have never indeed been re- markable for discretion in avviding a dulficulty ia which they must be defeated, nor for the firmaess Based on honest claims and inteotions and on per- wona! courage which refuses to create an imaginary terror from a trifling fact. Mr. Hulsemaun’s calaui tons overthrow by the late administration, resulted | wholly from a phantasmagoric deiusion of that imaxi- mative Austrian gentleman, that thes? confederated republics could be induced into a crnsade by the elo- quence of a foreigner upon whom they bestowed a enerous hospitality Equally imaginative, equally Sausive, and equally sel! namiliating bas been the recent conduct of the captain of the Anstrian brig Hussar, and of the Austrian consul at Smyrna. ‘The eurse which Shakspesre fixes on Macbeth aad Rich- ard III., the curse which peoples the minds of all t criminals with living terrors, seems to cling Ge caicial garments, and: to embody itself in every aniferm of every ageut of the family of Hapsburg. Go where he wil, the Austriaa police agent, tae Aus twian Jieutenant of infantry or cavalry, aud tne Aus twinn railor, whetoer afiout or ashore, sees in every Hungarian, and in every Italian, an active, @ sea tient ond a conspiring enemy. The peace of desoli- tion which was initiated at the tragedy of Vula: ud at the sack of Milan, has not yet covered wit! its protecting cypress those wretched son: Davuve and of Lombardy who may have s deeply as to escape from the living tow Respechive couniries. A sweeping and ter bawry bas been pronounied by the numane ‘genius of the Cwsars” vot only agaiast these uahappy races in their own homes, bu against every jadivideal thereof who may escape trom the immediate pre- sevce of the x of the “modern Cesar 2 88 aumnst aud as terri- De as when barnes States, nor Taore barbaric t eror, drew chariots he courtof Vienna ema ds of » nations being ia the very van civilization, which it is not—that they too w) and aid this abominable out- | fae; sits with its vindi sive petulance, its welo-dra. tility, while it strong and va , or its prestmptavus hos ne very act of outrage, ut and free nations, nations not tame € a strong master, nor cruel as a yaa and uations, and its ca orice. Presidency of Geveral Pie will be bullied in that fashion. Neither thw administration, nor any sound Semecratic oue, can assect to the arrogant postulate of Austrian vindictiveness, that the public lays and peace of the world, the guarantees with which civili- getion in self-defence has begirt ueutral ports and goils and seas, shali be ignored to sitiate Austrian Tanucor—shall be vinlated with impunity, and at the eaprice of any Austriun oficial, because the immedi- im happens to be he races werk- bounded by At y- Neither is it considered % be Gen. Pie: 8 to inqu're into the nativity of any American citizen or iahabi- tant to plea-e a trian Official, and, while he sus- tains cound and to others, to refuse such protection s otherwise would be the right of avy man living or who has lived on this roil, because the ornithological aud imost illogical ty which forms the family mark of the urge may b ung its black Shadow over nis d still cluims hia’ for ‘n, even thongh ade him an outea Still less will General administration be incli ate ag. to ean Wevarchy or its oflicials, hese out- rj od se the victim is by birth iv sball appear taut that ictivecess and acri- a Ame: nounce especially the pr bas outraged him aud Shey committed an o Sgainrt the first pri itrality facred—an outrage Vv y called pu dwhich ayy civil zed nation Whatever would have been jasti- fied in preventing on the instant, and pw » The eaptain of the Hussar and his consul would nave been justified in ce 4 New York, or Mr. Webster citizen in Smyrna, or, tor Austrian or A where they cid the attitude and palpable as to be defexceless, and so glaricg and so Wanton as to justify the combined civilized powers of fhe world in lustattly ri ing in this outrage, their subsequent lying, shuffling, arrogance, presumptuous defiance not only of all pudlic law, out peculiarly of the America doe pet certainly lerven the justice of Capt. Ingraua acta, bu! aggravates the crim y of bis iasult: Had they with a manty regretfulness and a a @iseretion ii ly liberated the captive and bo in deference 1@ la. ¥8 they transgreased, we are elined tu hope t H been forgiven aud forgotien. actively, of that outrage— ashore in @ neutral port nn in persistent deliauce of act, the hupe of auy such terimination r any other American matter, in any port not ve in seiz’ TARY Ingraham. tp powers on ti by astonish) jealousy and petul ance of misdeeds, have rend exclusive and 93 = ‘Ticaps and America! Nankin have ever been to tie outs! Difficulties, too, between vs and European powe when they ceased to be amicable, bave never yet re- vit riaces of @ their recarrence. sulted in a manuer waich wo that aged continent to prev And the Asiatic archipelago and ‘is ‘thened as it is asfelative to the f gation and important routes, is uC te of yuiety peace that the presence of a jh power would be likely to | Toister over comatose Turk ease the turmoil. But more needless suspicions with refers: giving that as almost wi, if not ifficulties with Europe, lave resul sions against the principle of Ager #9 it is feared thot in the person of M. Koszta those principles of the American domi Dave gaarded £0 tenaciously and at suc have been outrazed. It is no wonder, with Cen. Pierve’s inaw, ( matic circles uld y wot to be wondered thai biety as to the rights of Saose natara ized and dor ciled under the American flag, sho: Plomats of Buvopesn coarts; us it natural that, withor enforce them, the w tary jorieprudenor at practice begias with th » VGA for women, te the 5 20us than al! the: to us is the 1, of ov ong and plain argues to ated provecaora of mili at, wirose legal “ court donds wth tre gib- yph. fatally unable to va- ate our eyatem of hip, or ta realize the gacre Jness of its attribute re slow to betleve that ther is on this any Avstdan 8 ties @ prejodice may prevail vere and ¢ t waturalized or doaiciied p have no concero. But wher pn ge relations of iadivid selves against equailiv, a tween those legally eutitic fag to which they appeal, it will, administration, #t al! & in defence of that equa national glory and of Gefenve of ihe ur national fiith Our power t have entrnsted their wealth of the protection a Hic. We bel distinction M. io! mative born or natural @tances, becawe he bas o tions,” belong to that av augurated its presence iit and sedition laws,” qquated and thoroughly e ion which, under the name of “ nativiens,’ confines its ribaldry to the more bigoted purliens of our soaboard cities. Not only for these but for others more dmportant, it is well that this case of M. Koszta has aren. We regard itas exceslingly pe ig ee that at this moment, whea tie heads Enropean uations seem beat on a war of no gud with tu awa, ip our pledzed honor our flag and oer pre { their fuinllies ve thet ity wh by the ali war in which Ameri- ican commerce, Americ tly exposed pias —it in most op) just before that war should be en- tants, one and all, may under- entitled to the pro- ho are those entitled perties are at their beck—of a can interests, Ameri: tack or manera we re ‘i, thas, peat stand what are the rights of all tection of the American flag, to it, and what is the capability of that flag and sustain such protect hazards. W no doubt that the prompt and v this Korzta affair will re Jound,withi riod, and for all future time, to the material beae- tion of our commerce, to our the federal government. confident thas the President ot the United S:ates rove that the principles ann .sunced in his inau the annunciation ot which drew down the ud restored in expec- American citizeuship Tite years, has been so frequeatly and so uniteusly outraged, shall not be a dead letter, cr die the death of boastfulvess ia his hands, but sball he sustained in Asia or in Polynesia, in the hears of , or in the Gulf of Mexico, with all the force of bis administration and of the country which so It is peculiarly felicitous, moreover, that the first occasion which has pro- yoked their assertion should be one of such inhu- manly and gross outrage that it excites the gorge of all civilized nations, and that the provoking party should be the representatives of a government which has succeeded in alienating every province and every race under its subjection, which has not won the admiration of the world either by its jns- tice, its moderation, its valor, or its humanity, and which, in its intercourse with this republic, is totally worthless as an @jly or a8 2 consumer, and, as an a-sociate, has been eminent only fur supercilious eflvoptery and well cha-tised presump/ion. resume that if Koszta were a native born or zed citizen, no doubt could arise as to the propriety and tue duty of Captain Ingravam’s coa- duct, or as to the necessity of the executive vigor- The only questicn, therefore, is how far the fact of an alien legal- intentions in our coarts entides him Mm against outrage which is due toa It is not alleged that Koszta was guilty of offence against Turkish laws or the authority in fiction at Smyrna—or that even he was «nguged judice of Austrians, either asa ‘omert or individnally, The whole qvestivn is fore in a putshell. We unhesitating y proponnd the doctrine that an alien who may bave ‘declared his intentions” ac- cording to legal form, becom es instantly and by that vrotection against outrage ‘an arms owe tothe ous settlement of in a very limited and to the ease of its of the whole nation the integrity of thal generously sustains him. ousty supporting him. act to the pre at entitled to every ch American law ood Amer! As it, too, the shadowy title | Ist Based on_ “public American law and its fandamental radistinguished ally | 4 la as it has hitherto been practised, and as en concocted by monarchs and their agents, bonkworms, to suit their interest, their nvenience, merely because sich dtu Blumenback or in Vat . hlaws have a more or Jess consistent jon to the moral instincts of with arizid theoretic exclusivenes: practically violated, the so 3 and neutral bottoms, That ell n are er titled to eqval protection f st uutrage, is an axiomatic d cud to nationhood, which will hardly be It has at all events been the rule aud of the American family, both as men and as , and asa federal execut then only rema.us, does the “ declara tions” by #n alien constitute such admission f the individual by the family ? igrant who has “ declared his inten: instantly equally entice ce withthe oldest inhabitant, or the representative of a line of citizens. admit and receive him we shall pre- “ glory.’’ or their ¢ and such dogma is fow unily, and guard neutral territory mbers of a family i stine! esseutial to and acceptance it does, the 1m most venerable ." al ground, there is taere are abun- Moreover the very ¢ r Sut as to the sanctity of ni no doubt in “law, dant examples. modern “public li of the middle age, instituted and recog! lances and the Iai beir banner, no matier what their had not transgressed the “laws Sir Kenneth, of Scotland, under Rich- n-heart, and Sir Dagald Dalgetty, o' phus celebrity, bad an equal right to the protection of the bapucr under which they en- aze was equivalent to our rights | of selectia g onr allegiance. The y of the Italian republics ey aly roercenaries, nnd the guards and lezions of foreign extraction continndusly for three banded | years ii. the service of the varicus Ehropean mon- | archies, as the Swiss guard and Irish brtg: h movarchy, the Irish legion and Polisl logion ot Napoleon, the English legion in the service of Spain, and Hessian mercenari Ergland, were eq president himself, trom voting, while, safely doso. Et tary rank ) or hovel is ue s¢ clared his inten ries in the service of Property, a any © qually respected; and none of these monercbical framers of public law dared of these men from the protection due to every ine . Kossuth ia the port of , tless true that the inviolability of neutral territor: flugr to its followe: while it is true thal the “neutral ground’ the battle of Copenhagen was bomanity and on nations—while Napoleon disgusted | even bis followers by the seizure, on neutral terr tory, | hein, still there is one established | e which even in Europe sustains | me lri-bmeu—Montmo- | ur. Corbet, and Colouel | ated in the rebellion of y in 1708, subsequently became | n and armies of Napoleon, aud | unfortunate in an expedition for the invasion | of British territory, heaving actaally iovaded and lanéedon British’ territory, escaped to Hamburg. | ‘There, on that neutral! territory, an English agent ia- stigating the authorities of Hamburg, the latter ives, delivered them to the English ho took thems to England, aud subsequently nd, where of course they were liable to deatn. 2 mn autocrat and worse as he was, with not a particle of republicanism about him, denauded their | insteut relesse, as members of his family, who ware | seized on veatral ground; warned the Hawburghers of their doom, made war onthe point, procured | their releese, in detpite of every | the subeequent peace (1802) exa thorities of Hamburg a fine cf two m | for the outrage permitted and carried | The English goverament itself upholds this doctrine of citizenship w even a greater exent. ) born in the Jouian I bed in Athens, where he end made himself protection of 9 Greek gcvernment was uo psrt the Austrian government is in British fiect immediately blockaded Athens and the | Pirwas, snd withdrew ovly apon an og given to ite protege, i ‘ui-ter, the present Lord | public law of Bu y an individual, thoagh he not he bora under ‘it, protects im agaiast all is- | outrage on nentral ground, whether that onirage be | previous | by a government ora mob, if be be, by even such tures | Jaws or practice as they Laye im Burope, entited to , | that protection. The tecoud category of reasons which compels ns urely Americauaid rJ ociples of our existence, Iwvays been respe: the British habitually dwisg our war of “71 z to its redress. Persist | of the Dae @’Bx aud well known the position we ad | renei, Harvey Mories, W y bame—imyl Ueir native coo ofticers in the ] wn Aus n guard, | Americaa tlag, preciudes, reized the fugiti ifficulty, aud ab a He claimed the british subject, aod thoash the | w the ontrago, a3 | his case of Kowzta, a | oong maritime it be dead, or moreover, & very great da-{ the country to w This lx the polat « of 112 or by tue treaty fed Ly the war | sitate the di- indeed, most Americana inde Sple of the ‘lew of astious 1 ‘ | tions,” he takes an oath and make: a time bis alle- giance to A or 5; tha sllegienee were born tary property of A orf that stupendous ence, American f4edom, ith bim, and the promised tae in: yeaoa deed thy v loft, and awore t ) £0-—comneliad crud Ws tora; but for sole | iormers, avtizens, and a) rence of one ataralized cit | on this subject, aud w" heft | to give, for and domicions wider which we wore born—wé car Isbor, our service we iro D0 better tha? bim whor any maj aha of the desert— Jarope, on matters pu ness or whoily private, we ave liable to b this or that crown, or this or t ited duration or results—on a war which sant evolve the worst passions of governments wholly de- Pendent on the arm of the mercenary on land or @0s, and defant of the people whose Lives aud pro- t duke or are duke asis born subject or Serf, and there is no estadiishad eed avgeited principle of Ai ua from outrs g?, to release us from jail, or our percesutora. If we transfer curselyes + pe that country, not American law to protect oe ter your |, OF we enter yo called out to fight against the power we hav ing to your lews, commmaly. executing your orders and defendin,; tory or American we fall into renowi aad if, d, and hanged to These are grave charges, true in fact, however outrageous, and must now or later be definitely settled. It is impossible bet that while in all other | and incendiary, expel these people by even ex post things the epirit of our institutions and of our laws is in direct antagovism to those of hereditary right, hereditary legislation, and heredit allegiance, the public Taw mbich should aud mas fide ‘the alfairs antagonisti> tothat ledges ry uce alove, and of the ree should be wi iene the people. Tbe law of hereditary right is al horreot to our system and our interes’s, not cay domestic bu; commercial ; and ander the present ad- ministration there is no fear of any retreat from the fundamental principles of democratic existence, or that the right of every indfvidual to chooge bis alle- giance, when ‘hat allegiance is given to us, and not defeated by the individual legally giving it, will be asserted. During the past administration German- born citizens journeying in Germany upon business urely private and connected with their family af- fairs, have been grossly outraged, and in many cases subjected to imprisonment, and that mainly becanse they bai the audacity t» come from America. This must not be louger permitted. There is no member ofthe Austrian royal family entitled to impunity from this nation, whose alliance is worthy of consi- deration, cr whose hostility is abovecontempt ; and then it will be seen that Gen. Pierce knows no diffe- rence detween naturalized and native born citizens. the ave notection which is due to the one is eqnally the other, witha slight difference only ,that itis especially due to the naturalized -citizen, who, not guilty ot'any crime, ard journeying upon his jast business, hoppens to fall into the power of that government which, in obedience to our laws and trusting to the guarantees of our country, he has es- pecially repudiated—aud more especially due to bim ihe be outraged on®uraccount. That in the event of s war with a European power, any German born, or Frene born, or Russian born, or Spanish boro, or Frglish born, soldier fighting in onr ranks, or other- wise meeting the evemy while prosecating his legiti- mate duty or business as an American citizen, sol- dier, or resident, could be seized op aud snmmarily execu’ed, is to imagine an act which no wise ag- gressor would be rash enough to attempt, at all events under a demoeratic administration. But in view of the difficukies in which a European or other war way involve our peorle or our commerce, it is necessary thatthe princip! that it should be kuown to whatever combatants may enter into the ists. The present isa favorable op- portunit le should be asserted, and Such Vaan the right 0” citizens, whether natu- yalized or foreign, the ouly qnestin remains as to what distinction exists between an individual who has duly declared his intention, and such a citizen. Our answer is—none, as to the rights common to all to protection from outrage. To imagine that our present natnualization laws were enacted in a spirit vinéictive or hostile to immigrant foreigners, is to indslge in a delusion offensive to the great demo- cracy by whom those laws were primarily asserted, against federalism and sedition-mongering. On the coutrary they were couceived ina spirit educational, equalizing, aud eminently liberal and progressive. They are, to some extent, restrictive, and a3 such, aceni ding to all legal doctrire, are to be interpretes by ‘‘ strict construction.’ But moreover, while they are exceptional, they do not take from tue immigrant anything which be has, but give bim, or engage to give him, on his taking an oath, aftera certain edu- cations] probation, for certain equivalents, all the rights and franchises which belong to a nation of sovereiyns. They give him at once everything which the safety of a nation and his own permit, and insure him ail the rest (bnt the office of president) when bis acquired knowledge and habits will euable him to use them without presupposed injury to} the institutions which be hus sclected to} preside over his satety and his happiness. | The beliot box, and so forth, are reserved; but the | right to protection from outrage ia not reserved. Congress is reserved, but the protection of the | magistrate, of the judge, of the supreme conrt, of the js not reserved. The immigrant , may not throw his vote into a box like a citizea, bat | a citizen may not with impunity before the laws, | throw Lim iuto the gutier. In short, he is equally | Protected in all things asa citizen is ; protected even as the law presumes, he cannot | ‘ight to carry arms, to hold mili- .ch decoration, when be does so declare his 2s any citizen's castle. e, the immigront who has de- $13 as secure in life, liberty, and house At home, the hat principle of the constitution, or of law, is there, which enacts that an American citizen i secure ia New York or New Orleans, but the moment be crosses | the threshold of the ocean, anybody may knock lim in the head with impunity ? and if not for the Ameri: migrant who has declare | home is on an equality | protection from ovtrag naturalization Jaws which says 2 man who has “ di clared his intentions” may be knocked ia the or maltreated in any way, outside of our ci diction, uctil he “takes oat bis papers?” If there is no such law, who dares to attach this inuuman ad- | dendnm to a code educational a Ad The representatives © e: %? None—certaiuly none; in_citizen, why for the im- his intentions, and who at ith the citizen in a right of : Where is the clanse of the juris- levating, and buman- of t ams’ Does this vile addendum exist for the sailor who to-day sails from the American port in which terri- ands of the || y of his lawa, not acyui- | simongst us, and who can as yet have only “declared esced in eo far by you, which secures us the treat- ment of a of war, or protects us from being court-marshalled on the dram " . the neasest and most convenient beam as traitors.” a e receives, on his declaration of inten- | tions, and while be cannot own real estate without n. Woy,t erefore, not abroad? | refused poe to the subject. If, therefore. fas who has “declared his inteations” owes this his allegiance, it owes him its pro- tection. Will apy responsitle person venture to aflirin that the hundreds of tbo who have duringthe last five years immigrated and taken up their homes their intentions,” owe tothe United States no alle- iance? If they do not, are not our laws permitting frmigration, a@ madness, ani our piunicipal laws, ex actions, and taxes on these vagran’s, if indeed they be vagrenta, a base and mean extortion? Should we not in that case write dowa Thomas Jefferson idiot facto “alien laws,” snd refund them ‘the taxes they ve paid, their capital of lubor or money, and 5) forth, with interest, on the Celusion we have prac tized, and beg agit from the ghost of John Adams? If otherwise—i! they be not vagrants, alievs, will dogs of the desert, Ishmacelites, with their right arms raised against every man,2nd every man’s right erm raised against them, do we not owe them protection from outrage ? Two other points deserve incilental mention. One is, that in the war of 1512, on the Camadian frontier, the British authorities asserted this doctrine of the right to bang Irish born citizens whom they took monstration in fgnerance of its consequel render it necessary for any American oficer to con- fine himeelf to such a threat. of an American ci but a most worthless of Austria and some o' iance. The police regula! jer European goveroun without its territory beyond 4 cert amounts to a penalty not in tieir i denies that right. Our doctrice is directly the re- stitutional power in this country to banish from ita limits a single individual—but any individual has a right to ostracise himself, to banish himself, and change his country as he pleases. We have shown, there‘ore, what American prac- tice was in 1812 as to Irish-born soldiera in our ser- vice. We have shown also the manner in which Napoleon acted as to the members of his army. But these, it wili be said, are allas tosoldiers, Bat here there is no difference as to protection between the soldier and the zen. Our institutions depend more upon the citizen than the mercenary, and all our citizens are soldiers. We claim nothing, have never claimed anything, for “ soldiers” —it is as eee we have made their rights, and our own, re- spected. ti anything could add to the force of these posi- tions, it is the frauduleat and base manuer in which the Austrians seized their victim. They cannot dare to plead mistake as to the individual. The com. Koezta’s arrest, called on the Pacha of Smyrna, and told him there was there an individual he wished to make away with. The Pacha informed him of the Turkish law, and that such an outrage could not be. This Austrian gentleman assented. Immediately the victim was attacked on the public wharf, not by Moslem officers or police, not even by the native bailiffs attached to the Austrian embassy, not even yet by Austrian sailors of the brig, as it their com- mander would dare to syow so far the outrage he perpetrated, but bya hired gang of Greek despera- does acd murderers, the very thugs and scum of Smyrna. The Austrian commander could have known, moreover, from the Turkish police, that Korzta bad an American declaration; and, moreover, his chief ground of attack In this hidden and tracu- lently assussin ehape was that his victim had been in the United States, and ‘had come from the United States.” It was we who were outraged, not Koszta. We conclude, therefore, that Koszta is entitled to the protection of the United States; that the Aue- trian officers committed a gross outrage, piracy and kidnapping of one im /oco of an American citizen ; that by subsequent acts they persisted in and aggra- vated that outrage; that Koszta must be surrendered with ample reparation; that the laws of our citizen- ship roust be éstublished and Pres by the Euro- pean powers, one anc all; and tha; the administra- tion of General Pierce will not decline “ the resyon- sibility.” SUN Onxv Washington Correspond WASHINGTON, Angus! Mr. Ogle Come Aga n. The reckless disregard of truth that often charac- terizes the New York 7'r bwie is well known. There are times, however, when it outdoes itself, and throws é f the federal party— | Xclusiveness and cruelty of the days of Ad- | its own ordinary efforts into the shade. Ino Thurs day’s Tribune isa letter from Washington signed “Viator,” that for impudent falsehood goes ahead of everything since Ogle’s famous apochryphal ac- count of the “gold spoons.” “ Viator’ says he called atthe Post Office Department, and at that yerterdsy he declared his intentions? If not for the | moment a quantity of “ beanttal rosewood furni- sailor, why for any other emigraut who has equally conformed to the requirements of our jaw? 1s there anything in the sailor more sacred than in any other Aerican denizen? Are ‘ "3 rights” more stojendons than American rights? Or have uot “sailor's rights” grown ont of American rights, and are they not dependext on and but a part of them? Bat theu abroad? We forgive the snpers tion £0 long prevalent that abroad the citizen is nobody. The American officer ip command of a frigate, or even of avagrint bathing box, or the Ameri charge of our interests in an antipodal hamlet, is mere ivcependent of the American people than their | word of these statements is fulxe. The new farni- President is. He is but the first servant of the | -—they but, minor servunts. The people can always | i | command his attention and his interterence, and it is | lately added to the force ot the Sixth Auditor's de- the determination of the present executive to exact that law throughout every department of the public service. An aristocratic habit bas toolong attac! itself to oar navy on foreign stations, to which Capt. aa Consal in eople Ingrabain is a noble exception. He, and not moun- wvstbe justified in his belief in the universality of his goverstent—must be warranted in believing that wherever he sees his flag abroad, whether in South Sea or North Sea, at Asia Minor, or at Bono- | lulu, there is his country, there is his protector—he mncst realize the fact, and wall securely on the earth, cone acts, he wil be there protected by every arm of the the disgracelnl supposition rage abroud is less essentit at horse—is lesa the ,overnment. ar supposition is un- worthy of Ameri p.and of the American people. It is not hinted at in the naiuralization avs; and the present administration will uot be like- y admit auy such limitation to its manifest daty aud tbe great principles cuaneiated by the President on the sta of Marchi. i Moreover, when on emigrant “ declares his iuten- a bargain with the nation. The laws openly aad betorehand com- mit the nation to the bargaia that it will protect in ive, liberty and property all whe muke that declara- tion, The applicant disowns Lia inhori e of Ker: Vitade—not much te Jose, but such as it is he flings i¢ trom bins nonaces the proteclion which the | fovernment under whioh he ws born owed to hin, whether it ga | us ablegian it or not, and he dues not swear to r ict words, it ie bevanwes no citizen © country does so —lecagke our ‘netitutions h vile hypocrisies aprainet free wl. He de- iit intention to beaowe inhabitaat 23 avy citizen 4°; sul jects bisaself to al! Jaws guinicip a ¥# Taxes to the goverumeont? which protect te and tedersl; oud elains, ood haa @ righ’ nection. If he e our aries, he be+ in one irc comes irom that moment an American soldier,wiy'” We Must protect from all brigand «l outrage} entera our 44a 1e- gression cf the rigiita of war-- antile or vat he be fn tedlor-it our trad oof to travel tuto other lands on his proper @, why nol an Avnerican traveller ( goveruinent he renounced; aud if, not in fululment of bir dut rion trom and with full conse es on Chicer or other bearer of a com! e Amer government, given bons jic he has rendered ail the Ameri La ‘ly, it is'‘on undeniable principle’ of law that thore is 00 bargain where there is not a reciprocal considerac'on. It isa prinsiple of even Britiah law, | words of an order in the Eugit,) Court gf Chancery, avowed by oven the tury Blackstone, upheld by Ja- , “let justice be done.” Yours, i cious of it, that im ell legitimate transactions or to the citizen, or lesa the duty of American trader—sing } Oxle, with bis | hity aevertions and his logic. in one case only can there be any distiaction—if | liamont, deseribed by Sheridan, he drew on is imagi- efuve ‘declaring Lis intentions” he had involved | nation for bis fucts, and his memory | Lisccelf either in civil or political crime with the; After a Scurriloas and most iH mounerediattack on the Pres, lent, and variow ribald remarksabout hia s- | devotions all ia the © rosewood furniture” lette - ,| the jearned and economy-loving correspondent ead degeneracy of the times, as com: pared with the “mach more simple and democratic associations” ot former days. 0, tempore! O, mores! Have we e.'me to this? Must the braying of an aes, through a lea, ten trumpet, be sent over the world as part of the hy tory of the times? Bat the h vusness of his previous dereliction, ; apeaks of the but in his private capacity he enters upoa the es diction of te government to whi himself liable, and is there seize A. OVeroment can then dois to eee that he has heea #o able and that he is there legi'imately seized. | tare’ was being unloaded and carried isto the build- | ing; and then ,this virtuous economist expatiates largely on its elegance, and the extravagance of an admimstration that wil] indulgefin such uncalled for luxuries, that go so far beyond the “ plain cherry ta; ; bles and deshs which had sufficed for the mode tte aud autiquated tastes of more plain and by gon? days.” He th | furnished rooms of mauy of the clerks, and says | he finds that rich sofas arebecoming quite common, asd also lovnges aud ottomans. Now, sir, every | ture was all of it pine aud black walnut, being a snpply of desks and tab'es for fourteen new clerks, artment. Th's furniture was made by contract, jet out to the lowest bidder, by Mr. J.S. Hammit, of d | Philadelphia, and was more than ten per cent cheaper than apy ever before purchaged fur the de- partment. Here we have furnitare made of Ame ercbies, must be imitated. The American citizen ; rican wood, and by American mechanics, aud all at | # most reasonable rate. I was told, too, that but ten desks were purchased, whea they actually needed fourteen; but the extravagance of the Jast adminis- | this description, ihat they were compelied to practice | the most rigid economy, and even go without neces- | mans, there is nota single one ins the Auditor's room there has not of the sort furvished since t menced, ticed in the rovm of one of the clerks,“ h in that. He would have the world believe ing away their time comfortably. 1 went to the vel rooms where all this extravagance was mun ‘There ia not one single sofa, nor a dama-k. | chair. In oue room there is an old lounge back, and covered with cheap calico,ana of being put there “ w thin a few roontiss, one such owned in the building, nor n In the room of the Sixth Auditor in tie | Departmens, is one dumask-covered spring ob | that was purchased aad put there by the late Auditor, Can impudence any fartuer got there « paper in New York publissed by oue ley—a paper abo i redolent of such dent ssoundrel,” & now? Who is au “ impudent scound: ” tal opy €aru a & nity to. nal! bit of 60) grammar of the Ty jon by “owning up.” Heracp is independent, 2nd wiU record facts his torical or politic, whoev.t may be hit. In the prisoners of war. General Scott, with that manliness and military directness for which he is distinguished, as ence threatened reprisal by hanging double the bumber of British prisoners of war. For the occasion, that settled the difficulty. The threat saved the in- tended victims; but had there been no American force at hand capable of seprisal, is it certain that our Trish born citizens woul) not have very soon been suspending proofs of the want of this sound and ne- cessary principle of American law? It is essential, in the present state 0: the world, not to trust to any such emergency, but by declaring a distinct aud rigid principle of American law with regard to all who have given us their allegiance, to put it out of the power of. an hostile force to make such a de- es, or to Another argument, a fortiori in our favor, seems to present itself when ‘2 government like thut of Austria expels, or deprives of their nationality, or outlaws a subject, who subsequently takes the stuns itizen. Hut on this we place nothing indeed exclude from rsturning, euy who haye stayed ia time. But this ws (for they have uo laws) to a release from subjection. No European power acknowledges the right of expatriation by the voluntary act of the subject. The English ciiminal in ‘the~penal colonies is still a subject. Even the French government, avowing ostracism, verse. We can ostracise no iman—there is no con- mander of the Austrian brig, on the very diy of weeks since by a French v aud hed to put into Gaspe for repairs. At Gaspe they raw some.of the cutter's men who boarded the | schooner Garl. that the crew of the Mary Niles, on 20th ins She had j: been at anchor near Sand Point, The steamer had the Commodore’s pennant flying, and was undoubt: ly the Princeton, and is probabiy now on the fishing grounds. 1 speaks of the richly were scarce. harbor since leaving home, for repairs. A fleet of over 1,200 sail of American fishing vesecls are now on the northeast coast. Another new schooner, cailed the A. L. Colby, of | about 60 tous burtben. arrived from Essex on Chars day, owned by Mare the fishing business, on Satureay She had ts manned o7 tration had ro exbausted the funds for supplies of sary articles. As for the rich sofas, lounges and otto- Jerk’s room in the public service, whether it be only » middy’s dirk or | department, except oue old hair sofa, that was taken the broadside of a fleet. With such a feeling abroad, no band dare tovch even a solitary c.tizen. Avery v must kuow thet alone aud single handed, he tects on American witha nation at bis back— and other governients must know that truth too,and reepect it. We fling, therefore, from us with disgust hat protection from out. from the office of a head of some bureau, by the late whig admioistration. In the rooms of the Postma: | ter General, the Assisiant Postuaater General, and ona single article adatinistration coin: | Our veracious seritbler next favored the Office of thaa similar protection | the Interior with a visit, and there le sa damask-covered armchairs and spring-seat sofa, where a few months since nothing was to Ue seou but plain cane-bottomed seats.” Not a word fae hat the administration was ¢quanderieg the national faces ia | mere articles of luxury, for the clerks to ase in pass- ifested. vered ithout a is,instead bas beon there nearly twelve years, and never cost ten dollars when it Was new. As for “damusk-covered armchairs’ in the rooms of the clerks of the interior, there is not er has beens at Oltice rascal”? Perlips Mr. Greeley wil! disowu his correspondent “ Viator.” If #0, let him acknowledge the cora. Here's a capl- the amende honorabte, oe r. 8,” is fairly outdone. The une's writee ison par with Like the bully in Par- his Wit. RECRIVED BY THE STEAMSHIP MERLIN. Hauriton, Bermuda, Aug, 25, 1853. Arrival of the Merlin—Spanish War Steamer at these Islands—Heavy Gale— Arrival of the U.S. Consul—The Legislature—Shipping Intelligence. ‘The Merlin arrived Inst night from St. Thomas, and leaves to-day for New York. The Spanish war steamer Blasco de Garay, Capt. José Butson, arrived here on Sunday evening last, from Havana, in six days passage. She proceeded to Ireland island early on Monday morning, in ex: pectation of being able to obtain from the govern: ment authorities there a supply of coal; but the go- vernment, being shortly supplied themselves, were unable to supply her. She proceeded on Tuesday to St. Georges, where she is being supplied by a mer- cantile house there, which keeps a constant supply of coals on hand, for the accommodation of such steamers as may call there to obtain fuel. She leaves in a day or two for Oadiz. This is the second steamer of her Catholic Majesty’s that has called here for coals within a short period. While steaming to St. Georges on Tuesday last, one of the paddle wheels of Blasco de Garay came in corn‘act with a fishing boat lying ia the channel, in which were three persons, ore of whom was killed by a stroke from the paddle wheels; the other two sustained ro injury. The boat was smashed. No blame is attached to those on board the steamer, They did not see the boat until the damhge was done, wheb the vessel was stopped, and every efiurt made to recever the men. We bad a very severe gale here from_the south- west on Saturday and Sundsy last, which has done considerable damage to the fruit trees. The light- ning entered the stable of a gentleman in Warwick parish, killing 4 very fine horse. It is though¢ here that the gale prevailed with much greater fury at Fea, in this neighborhood, than it did on the land. The steemer Biaeco de Garay, on Saturday last, while the gale was at its height here, was about two bondred miles to the southwest of these islands, ex- penencing very moderate weather. Its course must, theelore. have been to the eastward of Bermuda. Jobn W. Howden, Eeq., the U. 8 Consul for these islands, arrived here on the 13th, in the Merlio, re- lieving Wm. Tudor Tucker, Esq., who for a great number ef years has conducted the duties of the office so very. creditably. Mr. Howden will reside at St. Georges—the duties at the port of Hum Iton he’ ug performed by an agent, as heretofore. The “Peget Election Scrutiny” qnestion came to a close on Friday last, the saccessfil candidate, Wm. H. Gosling, Esq.» retaining his seat, notwithstanding in some instances rot very creditable, the mary, and effiits made by his enemies to unseat him. It is probable that the Legislature wil! be in ses- sion at least a month longer. Addivonal from New ¥exico. [From ihe St. Louis Republican, Angast 25.) Inpepenvence, August 22, 1853. The Santa Fe mail reached us yesterday. By it we bave little news of interest. Reports, not very | well authenticated, were received from Chihuahua, | that two thousand troops were destined for El Paso, Trias bad returned, however, and the troops were scattering off. Much excitement prevailed ia Santa Fe respecting the murder of Jot murderers belong to the best familie threatened a revelution if au execution took place. There is a bad ieeling between the Mexivaas and Americans. Thomas and Weightman had an affray. Thomas challenged, it was not accepted, and he placarded Weightman about the streets. No nomination yet for governor. Basiness dall. Mining news still good, Stephenson is putting up smelting works near the river, costing ten or twelve thousand dollars. The Navajo Indians are quiet, and had returued all the sheep they stole. _ Lieut. Beale and party had got on rapidly toGrand | river, 300 miles from Fort Massie, when, upsetting their canoe, they lost their provisions, aud had to re- turn to Tacs for more—a detention of 20 days. Beale speaks weil of his route for a railroad route—well timbered; well watered, and capable of cultivation. Major Fitzpatrick had distributed the Indian goods at Fort Atkinson, and they dispersed. This fort is soon to be ahandoned. News fiom the Fishing Ground, [Correspondence of the Boston Travelie:.) Giovcester, August 29, 1853. The schooners Frankiin Pierce, McIntyre, Ella Os borne, Carter, and Mary Niles, MeMullen, arrived from the Bay of 8+. Lawrence, on Satarday. They bring not much news of importance. About five weeks sines, the Mary Niles got becalmed in a thick for, nexr Fox River, within three miles of the shore. All at once the steamer Devastation neared the stots er, and imme diately sent a boat with some une ero aod then left. Soon after, the Commodore, or Cap- tain, came M to show his 80. ‘Lhe officers of the Devastation took the name of the vestel, beard, and then left. = on board. They hunted for fresh mackerel, n board, ene asked Captain McMallen pers. The captain very politely did ber cf barrels of mackerel on Ihe Mary ) 8 was mn into in a thick fog a few , near Seven islands, d, ot Newburyport, and the captain of the Ma The utters, gun boats, and steamers are carefully guarding the coast in the vicinity of Sarre, and are ly H. M. steamer Devastation. en of the-A merican fleet, except awen American steamer, ist got throngh the Gut of Canso, and had There was a ficet of American fishing vessels near fale IsJands. ne the number which ae sailed | for home, were the schooners Fanvy and Lydia, of | © . Newburyport. The above named vessels have been | #0 Mrs. Maeder as Diana. absent tor some ten weeky, When they left the | Leen no more seizures. Mackerel | ey have not put into any port or | Mr. G. Jordan as Citizen Sangfroid, and Miss R ground, there had xcept the Mary Niles, hant & Co.,and is intended for The pitctboat friend, of Boston, put into this port mn out in the bay one week, and bad all excapt tro. The schoouer Fanny arrived at Newboryport vee. terday from Bay Chaleur. She reports mackerel plenty in shore, but owing to the vigilance of ritish cruisers, vessels dare not approach, Passed United States steamer Fulton ia the Gut of Canso, 2let inst. Fiom the B lush Provinces. Tre St. John, N. B. Lumes of the 26th inst., in ference to Brown, who was arrested for passing erfeit money, RAy2:— The trial of the x toned to the evidence with comparative complacency, smiled ocensionally atthe ‘ raising of technica’ points’ hy cerned air. A letter from Prince Edwards Tslaud announces that retious damage has been done by the which have of late been ragihg in the woods. Many farteers lave lost their buildings, crops and fences, and in some instances portions of their live stock. A moet aggravated attack was made oi @ number of men on Saturday last, in Westport, who were coming as witnesses in the case of the Queen v. the Rev. Meens. Henry and Scully. Abont one hundred fellows attacked the mail coach with svones, and only for the courage and exertions of the Head Constable of Police, the witnesses might have been murdered. Notwithstanding that there were four policemen on the coach to protect them, as well as the guard to protect the couch, the mob was #0 bold as to come 80 | close that two of the witnestes were slightly stabbed | on the legs with sbarp-pointed instraments, and ao other wos cut with.a stone. The hells for ovr Provincial Cathedral came to St. Jobuin the Liberia, packet, a few days since, and wete on Mouday morning-safely placed on the Cathe- onnds. They are cight in nember—the largest owt, and have the appearance dral ug sone % very superior castings. Tow Te been place ticld—eiinitar the following inscription :— Danie, Wrestkr, Boro Jan, 18, 1762, * Died Ost, 24, 1852 Tord, I believe ; help thou my unbollef, Philosevhical argument, especiaily that drawn from . in eoroparizon with the ap: his globe has <ometinnes shaken i which 4s ia me bot my heart bas alwys arnuced and reassured we gonpel tf ycaun Chest must be @ divine reslity, The Seraion on ihe Mount ovonct bea werely human production. Thin belief enters in‘o the very Depth of my conesience. the vaenans of the Ui arent insignificance May reason Yor the Toe whele history of man proves Jt = Daxua Waste | bim a pie, when he stated that he had had no:bin Finnegan. His Their friends © | for something to wet bis lips, as he was so parche | water was then dripping fiom the bed, and had across the floor; groans had been heard procead from the house for several days previous. the morning of the day when the deceased taken away; he describes his condition as ay he laid on a cot with nothing but a pillow next the sack. The atmosphere was so foul that it wi almost impostisle for a perzon to breathe in it; nj ported the fucts to the chief of police, and retarne: when he found the father sweeving out the roo | aud making such a dust, that the son cried on! ‘ For God's sake don’t sweep, you're smoth me,” but the father still kepton. When stra came into the room, and the son began to with them, the fuiter cried out, “Shut up yd blackguard, hold your tencve, you ought to bat eee dead long ago,” and repeated it half a d imes, ¥ death was hastened by neglect aud starvation. opinion that he was sufi which wa- hastened in its cou and priyation which he expsricuc rents. During the evening, the orchestra will play sever inspir ments W var,” Mr. Stevens in the leading character. y Niles learned that the swivel on board | the Garland was not taken from ther a smal! gan or swivel usnally carried on board large schooners, to fire in case of foggy weather, &c. —it being only | Saturday, the | the Fulton.) | afternoon, and sailed again in the night. mplished American swindler, forger, and utterer of counterfeit: bank notes, came oft on Wednesday. The prisoner does not present the Jeok of en ignorant, country boy or clown, but ? vather the external of an intaliigeut and individval, while a deep, malignant smile seems toaitalways upon his countenance. He lis s counsel, and with stoical indiffereace heard dhs foreman of the jury pronounce him guilty. He was then remanded, having the same uncon- oe Mn. Wenarer.—A marble block bas fron of Mr, Webster's tow at Marsh. | 4 those which he erected to the me- mory of his wile, son and daughters—which bears of Common Pleas In Chambers, TUE FORGED DECRFE OF DIVORCE. Lage hg oe Before Jndge 5 —_— ‘Ava. 30.— Moran vs. Moran—In re application fo? a'div rceand the application for Martin Van Hoven burgh, 3 attorney for the wife, to show cause why he hould not be stricken off the rolls for malpractice In this case, Andrew Ellard appeared, pursuant to an order directing him to come to Court and) answer the facta set forth in the affidavit of Willian H. Dunn, charging Mr. Van Hovenburgh with forg: ing a decree of divorce. Mr. Ellard was examined at great length by Mr, Dunn, relative to the charge preferred sqaineats ‘Van Hovenburgh; and as he was a clerk in his ployment, he very willingly ex ed the matter, rowing all the blame upon the Soni of h employer, who, on Saturday, swore that Mr. Milard was cognizant of the crime, and supposed that} h had committed the forgery without any evil intent. The clerk of the court, Mr. Bosee. was also ex: amined, and deposed that both Van Hovenburg and Ellard came to the office and enquired after tne'do cument ; but witness told them he was not aware there being apy such paper in his possession. The told him there’ was, and that he most likely mislai it. Subsequent! they came t» his office with the decree, and said that it was all richt, and that the proceedings were all regular. This witness’ amination closed the case on both sides, e his henor, Judge Daly informed them that it w: not in the power of his conrt to remove Mr. Van Hovenburg from the rol!s, but he would refer th roceedings to the Supreme Court for fin® action he Court then asked Mr. Dann if he wishedto en. ter a complaint of forgery in the third (ogreq against Mr. Van Hovenburgh, when he replied in the affirmative. His Honor then took his com Jlaint! and so the matter ended for this day. Case of Parental Ccnelty=Girent uffering. [Frcm the Bosten Truyeiler, Auguat 29.) Coroner Smith is holding an inquest on the bod; of John Fleming, who died at Deer Island on thed: weiter beivg removed from the cellar of his father’ house, Lucas place. The testimony in this easd shows that the deceased was evideutly in the last stages of covsumption, but tat he experienced great neglect from those who should have suoothed rathey than accelerated his progress to the grave, A git named Martha Co}lins who lived in the same ious with deceased, testified that the deceased came the house about eight weeks a0; he waiked with crutch and said that he had been in the poor hou for three years; she was in the entry of the house week ago last Monday, when the deceased called her; she went into the cellar where he was, aud _h asked ber to give him salt fish; he stated tht he had been sick about weeks, and had been al that time in that room, which previous to hiscomin| was need es a place for hens; she afterwards visi him several times, and carried him cakes, peache &c., and never found any one with him; on aiternoon of the 18th inst., (Thursday) she carrie Ss to eat since ‘lue-day afternoon (two days); he state that his step-mother had net vicited him since h wos tick; he said that his father tole him that bt should have a mince pie before he died; he oftel complsined of the dampness of the cellar, an he advised ber not to stay long ata time as thf air was bad; the windows were closed every tim she visited it; ehe carried oi] and trimmed his lamg heard the father of deceased use abnsive languag} to him the day he wes removed; heard Mrs, Mlenq ing (his mother-in law) say he was ‘no good; should judge be suffered for waut of fed; from 174 inst. to 23d, the day he- was removed, saw no foo except what was carried by*herself and otber neig! bors; thinic none was carried in by his family. Other witnesses testified that on visiting dece! he complaiuved that he was wet. cold and filthy, th the cellar was dark, dirty and damp; he asked for shirt, us the cue be had on wes al] inrass; he aske that be felt us if he should die; he heli up h arm, saying “you see what a sufferer I hive been: Wm. N. Ball testified that he visited the hous Another witness testified that in his opinion The physicians who exam’ ing from a fatal diseaq ok the sufferii from his wa , Theatrical and tusteal, Bowrry Turarre.—The beautiful piece ool ‘Ghe Stronger,” will commence the enter ainmer| thisevering Mr. W. Rk. Goodell as the Strang ing overtures and polkas, and the amu leonelude with the drama of “ Loch Broapway Tneatiy.—Mr. snd Mrs. Willian whore pleasing performances are drawing lar houses, appear to-night in the vew drama cal! “ Uncie l’at's Cabin.” The next feature will be 1 new comedy. called “ It's the Custom of the Cor try.” Mrs. Willies as Melisse. The enterta ments will close with the farce of “Teddy | Tiler.” Tedcy Malone, Mr. Wiltiatws. Nirio’s Ganpen.—This evening, the fascinati actress, . A. Thillon, appeava for the last ti bet one, when she will sustain the character of Catarina, in Auber's opera of the “ Crown D monds,” which has been greatly admired by! visiters of this theatre. Ar. (fudson will suste the port ot Don Henrique, Mr. Leach as Robaile Burton's Turatre.—The favorite comedietta “ Delicate Ground” will commence the amuseme mond as Pauhne. ‘the * Serious Family” will low, with Jordan a3 Maguire, Burton as Sleelr, ¢ Mrs. Buckland as Widow Delmaine. The art ments wil! close with the “Day after the Fair.” Natiovat Turaree.—Tbe same very succes picce, called “ Uncle Tom’s Cabin,” will agaio presented this evening, the Howard Family in principal characters. ‘The increase of visiters this theatre has compelled the manager to throw orchestral department into select seats for visiter Sr Cuar.es Toratar.—The new drama, cw “Robert Emmet,” which has been played for evenings with great success, will again be prese to-night, The cast of characters embraces of ali the leading artists. The ments will « clade with “Black-eyed Susan.” ‘ orrow eve: Mr. Pilgrim takes his honefit. [t is hoped his Eric, | will rally on the occasion. | AvypRican Musrux.—This esti. blisment conti: to be extersively patronised and che perfotmar in the lecture room are received with the utmost i ‘the programme for this afternoon pning, commises the farces cititled “Mob Ci “Slasher aud Crasher,” and the recitations of Bodne faniily Tray 8 Hirrornove—The amusement this atternoon and evening are such as cargos fi giving fail catisiaction, Cnuisty’s Aserican Or Hovse.—Ciri Minstrels are doing as well a3 over. Lhe progr:¢ for to-night is very attractive. 3 Woon's Minerre. Hani —The performwec this establitbiment are very well atended. A ; programing is cffered for this eyoning. Bucknxy’s Evniorian ( 4 Hovsr.—A excellent progranune is provided for iLis eveuin Buckley's Ethiopian Serenadors. Ownss’ Anrive Rawrure.—-This betng the right of this novel entertaiomeut, it is presuy very large asvemblage will be preseuy Sedy, will play @ eolo on the concertina. BANVARD AND FRANKENSTEIN are doing well Miss Moywood, an actress of talout and cele! | is to do the leading heavy busines ot ihe Men theatre, n¢xt season. ToRNAvO IN Massacuu ~A desiractiv nado was experienced in the vicinity of Wiache in this State, on Saturday evening. It ox mm: | about thice miles below Winchendon, and pas: the valley of the Mills river, carrying everythin fore it. Large trees, of a foot and a half thiok twisted off, fences were prostrated, chimacys th y down, and several houses unrooted. Amon honses injured were those of Messrs. Wood Jeranld. ‘The large wooden ware many Mr. Wlisha Murdock, a building three stor height, was also partially overturned, Tho ste> the Baptist church in Winchendon was a'sy! down. ‘Uhe westerly part of the village ot Win don suffered the most severely. Watervillo, av about @ mile from Wincheudon, evfiered sev The extent of the damage ix a4 yet unknown, will be very Jarge. So far as is knowa, no ¢ was seriously injured—Boston Journal, Aug. + A Sarior Drownen —Drowned, at Pa near Jacksonville, Florida, on the 19th inst.,- Kenney, seaman on board the schooner Minn He was a native of Massachusetts, and shipj New York. An inquest was held 1 upon, the bor John W. Price, apting coroner.—Jacksontil publican, Ang. %,