The New York Herald Newspaper, August 20, 1853, Page 4

WEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDOS BENNETT, = PROPRIETOR AND EDITOR, rere QUVIES H.W. CORNER OF FULTOY AND NASSAU CTS. Volare WIM ...12+ seccecereeesoe+ Bits 290 —————— asUSsMENT: THIS BVENING. G@AFTLE GARDEN—Eaxars. BOWERY THEATRE. Bowery—Prorin’s Lawres—Kiss ww ims Dana—Purman. BROaDW. THEATRE, Breadway—Pearaction— Yaouuxs Sispon Vanvn i Canna. ‘Coortns—Two GrapiaTons—Bsd annon, @wone asc Ware BBRTON’S THEATRE, Chambers street—Tua Lawyene ~Gmrxse Conrany—Day arran tHe Fan. SET PEPETRE: Ceeteets stniee- Ceres Pt THEATRS, Bowery—Fouran Suave— KHAL—BRATILIAN BPE. AMBRICAN MUSHUM—a‘terneca and Evening—Pav- on — AVENUE—Afterncen and Evening—Faax quen Gevemas ‘Bzrropnous. AMERICAN OPERA HOUSE. 673 Broadway ‘Muceovane sy Guawry’s Orcna CS Weod’s Musical td wm 1S, MENSERELA. Weel!s Aal, Breed HOUSE, 539 ‘Bues- @BORAMA, 606 Broadway—Pamenaua ov run Hou ‘Less. BGPE CHAPEL, 718 Broadwey—Fnasaanorzim’s Pa- mgmans OF Nincans ABEMY HALL, 663 Broadway—Aseant ov Men? a, . GRRNISH GALLERY, 063 Broadway —Day and Evening ‘Sew Youu, Saturday, August 20, 1853. ———————OOOOO Mails for Europe. BE.NEW YORE WEEKLY SERALD. ‘@ao Coline steamship Arctic, Captain Luce, will leave ‘Qa port at noon to-day, for Liverpoel. Madeariptions and advertisements for any edition of the ‘Gapw Yous Hear will be received at the fellowing places We Barepe:— Tavesroo.—John Hunter, No. 2 Paradise street. 7 Zaspon—Baward Sandford & Co., Cornhill. e ‘Wm. Thomas & Oo., No. 19 Catherine street. Wells & €o., Rue de la Bourse. B. B. Revoil, No. 17 Rue de la Banque. ‘We Buropean mails will elese at balf-past ten 0’eloek (Po morning. @he Waemsr Rew will be published at balt-pest nine Pine this werning. Single copies, in fwreppers, six- a ‘Whe Malls for the Pactfic. HE NEW YORK WEEKLY OERALD. ‘Zhe United States mail steamship Illinois, Captain Hart- @ane, will leave this port this afternoon, .at two o’cleck, @& Aspiowall. ‘Zhe mails for California and other parts of the Pasifie ‘WHR close at one eelock. ‘Se New Yous Weary Henip—California edition ‘qt the latest intelligence from all parts of the werld, {wll be published at 100’sloek this morning. Mingle copies, sixpence. Agents will please send in hele crders as carly as possible. The Newe. ‘The accounts of the ravages of the yellow fever at ‘Rew Orleans are still frightful to contemplate. One Isundred and seventy-four persons died of the disease @@ Monday, and one hundred and ninety-eight on ‘Mhe day following. During the same period thirty- ‘mime deaths were reported from other causes. The ‘fever also prevails at Mobile, but the Board of Healtb af that city declare that it is notan epidemic. Sub- Seriptions for the relief of the New Orleans sufferers, & is gratifying to learn, are being raised in all the Briacipal cities and towns throughout the country. ‘wo thousand dollars have been appropriated in Charleston. By the arrival of the steamship Cherokee from ew Orleans, via Havana on the 14th inst., we are @mabled to isy before our readers fall details of the Iatest and most interesting intelligence from both @uba and Mexico. The letters from our various cor- Yespondents are replete with entertaining informa tion relative to the important events transpiring in beth countries, and will well repay an attentive pe- renl. Late advices from El Paso, Mexico, state that a @erious encounter recently occurred at that place, between a party of Americans and a guard of Mexi- @an troops, in which the District Attorney of El Paso county, Texas, was killed, and another person geverely wounded. The cause of the outbreak was an gttempt by the Americans to rescue a returned Cali- fornian from prison, where he had been placed by ‘the Mexicans for some offence. The Mexicans were seported to be armed and drilling near the American town of Paso, which was considered in the greatest danger. From Albany, we learn that the Court of Impeach- Ment yesterday afternoon refused to strike out the ‘Ment five resolutions, relating to the canal lettings, by a vote of twelve ayes to seventeen nays. Mr. Loomis afterwar¢s proceeded to open the case in be aif of the mana; ers. Our +pecial corr-spondent writes that President Pierce is determined to leave the subject of the pro- ‘posed railrosd to the Pacific an open question, for aetilement by Congress, the different State Legisla- Saree, and the people. In his message to Congress text December he will merely give the result of the Jabors of the different exploring expeditions so far as known, without advocating any particular route or even the 103d itself. Gen. Pierce coincides in the pinion expressed in this journal at the time the de- Dite was goirg on in Congress relative to the impo- tion upon the President of the extraordinary du- ties of attending to the surveying of railroad routes. ‘He is of the opinion that he was elected President of ‘the United States, not President of a railroad, by the people. As to the Cabinet, it is understood that ita members are opposed, upon the ground of unconsti- ations ity, toa: y project which will grant more than the mere right of way to the road. Under any cir- ©amstances, however, the people have “erarmined that the road must be built, ne only real difficulty 4m the way is the fixing upon the route. ‘Those interested are referred to the telegraphic news for the important letter addressed by Mr. Prank Ward to the Secretary of the Trea:ury, rela- five to the San Francisco Custom House leases, under ex-Collector T. Butler King. Great interest is maniferted by the administra. ‘Mon, says our correspond: nt, in the case of Captain Gibson, who yesterday laid before the State Depart ment information of an additional outrage commit: ted upon him by the Datch anthorities in India, in having intercepted and retained correspondence @estined for him, and forwarded by the acting Ame Fican Consu) at Batavia. This fresh discovery wil} tend to strengthen the case, and make the demand from this government tir reparation far more ex- Columbia connty, says a despatch from Hudson, has weected baroberner delegates to the Demo, @ratic State Convention, to be held in Syracuse. ‘The controversy between the two factions of the party is still carried on with great spirit in that ovunty. A gentleman who arrived from Bonaire, yesterday Bhates that a very severe earthquake was experienced ‘at Cumana, Spanish Main, on the 1th alt., at3 clock in the afternoon, by which it was reported ome four thousand lives were lost. A slight shock “was ulso felt at Trinidad, Port Spain, at the same fame. Fortunately, however, it prodaced no serious Oonerqnences, According t> the telegraphic eynopsis of the pro- Seedings of ‘he Episer pal Conv ntion of Western ew York the m seio: ary fund now amounts to over ~ & Biemeand dollars. An auimated discussion too prior ‘Detween the Pascyites and strict chorchmen, this country. A renunciation of allegiance is tive to that portion of Bishop Delamoy’s address that in-anity was the cause of Bishop Ives’ sec sion from the church. A motion the matter to a committee of three was presamed in isw; and it would be a violation of common sence to argue that the municipal laws of ome country could deprive the subjects of another of their inherent birthright. Here we have two principles clearly laid down for the guidance of our foreign envoys. Others will follow in conree of time. and ere Jong, the doubt, fear. and uncertaintly. which ‘are the prime causes of the inadequate protec- ‘tion now afforded to our citizens travelling abroad, will entirely disappear. The more we see of such cases as those of Koszta and Thrash- er, the more intimate becomes our conviction that Americans only lack protection abroad ‘because their rights are ill defined, and the powers of consuls and ambassadors are not "The recent heavy rains bave placed the Ohio and Other Western r.virs in fine navigable condition. We learn from Churies'on that two bales of new ‘eotton, of good qual ty, were received in that city on ‘Thursday. The receipts of the staple at all the Bo thern ports, over those of last year at this time, amount to one hundred and nimety-six thousand bales. Owing to the prevalence of the fever ecarcely anything is doing inthe New Orleans market, in which not over two hundred bales changed hands on Monday and Tuesday. Toe accounts of the growing crops are pronounced unfavorable. Extensive preparations are said to be making for the military encampment which is to take place at Syracuse next week. Read the letters elsewhere published, in connection with other highly interestiog European intelligence, from our Constantinople, London, and Paris corres- pondents. ‘The Koezta Cose—Letter from Daniel Web- ster—New Light tnrown on the Rights of oar Citizens Abroad. We are at length beginning to perceive ‘the practical effects ot General Pierce’s promise of protection to American citizens abroad. Mar- tin Koezta will not be given up; and the only Teeponse that will be made to Austria’s de- mand for reparation, will be a second edition of the Hulsemann letter. This, we are enabled to state, has been definitely settled on by the ad- ministration. We will take the responsibility of predicting that the official reply of the Secre- tary of State will be as lacozic as possible. The aggressive attitude which the Austrian autherities assumed before the St. Louis en- tered the port, is alone sufficient to justify the rejection of their present demands; and the right of Koszta to the protection of our govern- ment being now clearly established, there is nothing in the conduct of either Mr. Brown or Captain Ingraham, for which this country can be justly called to account. These two points may possibly be touched upon in the official despatch of the Secretary of State. Its net import will be conveyed in the intimation that the United States not only declines to apologize for Captain Ingraham’s.conduct, but insists une- quivocally on the surrender of Koszta. In reality, this affair is too clear to admit of controversy. That a private individual—re- siding quietly in neutral territory—can be seized by an Austrian Consul, dragged into conveyed on board an Austrian ship, and there held in irons to await the sentence of a bloodthirsty tribunal at Vi- enna, is too monstrous a doctrine to be defended If Martin Koezta had committed crimes tenfold the sea, by any but the most depraved tyrants. more heinous than those which provoked his outlawry, his arrest in the Turkish dominions would still have been an outrage, requiring ample atonement before the Austrians could oceupy the position of complainants. Having themselves violated the law of nations and the rights of neutral powers, in the first instauce, they have no claim to complain that their own rights were disregarded, and their officers frightened afterwards. They do not come into court with clean hands, and cannot expect a verdict. In the second place. we take the position of the Secretary of State, on the subject of our adopted citizens, to be practically correct and sensible. According to the musty rules of in- ternational law, the allegiance which a man owes to the State wherein he is born and bronght up, is one of those obligations from which he cannot possibly free himself No act of his. say the leaden writers on the subject. can deprive his original sovereign of his au- thority over him. Hence, an Englishman who came here at twenty-one, declared his inten- tions, was duly naturalized, and resided here twenty years afterwards, is still, in the eye of these lights, to all intents and purposes a Bri_ tish subject. Fortunately for our adopted citizens, this theoretical rule has sub- mitted, in practice, to some important modifications. General Scott very properly refased to be bound by it during the war of 1812; and when England threatened to hang thirty Irishmen who were captured from our ranks, he promised to retaliate by treating twice as many English prisoners in like manner. This practical argument told on Earl Bathurst; the British government thought better of the matter, and did not hang anybody. The net result of the controversy was the admission of the principle that naturalization freed an indi- vidual from his native allegiance. Going a step farther, Mr. Marcy very properly argues, to our tind, that the declaration of a man’s intention to become a citizen of the United States, ac. companied by the renunciation of his allegiance to the power whose subject he was, entitles him to the full protection of our government; for, of the two requisites for complete natural- ization, viz.:—a declaration of intentions, anda residence of five years—it is obvious that the latter is @ mere collateral security for the sin- cerity ofthe former’ The pith of the agréé: ment is the statement by which A. B. renounces his allegiance to his former sovereign, and vo Yantarily becomes a eubject of his adopted State" When this is satisfactorily performed, the com pact is complete in itself. From that moment A. B. owes allegiance to his adopted country and common justice would require that the latter should, in return, afford him that protection which is the natural recompense o individual allegiance. Certain privileges enjoy ed by citizens are indeed denied to foreign born residents during their five years novitiate. But having, by our laws, tempted them to re- nounce the benefit of their former protection, the least we can do is to accord them @ substi- tute in the shape of our own. On some such grounds, we are enabled to state that the administration sustains Captain Ingraham in the course he took, and would have upheld him had he carried into effect his threat of rescuing Koszta by force. This is one important principle established. A letter from the late Daniel Webster, which we publish elsewhere, goes a long way towards sct- tling another dieputed point. In the island of Cuba, as many of our readers are aware, foreign- ers are obliged to take ont letters of domiciliation in order todo business, A qnestion was raised whether these letters constituted such a renan- ciation of allegiance as deprived their signer of his primitive right tothe protection of his coun- try. General Concha thongbt they did; and at first blush, Mr. Fillmore’s administration in- clined to a similar view. On a closer inquiry however, Daniel Webster arrived at a more accu- rate conclusion, and decided that an American in Cuba, obliged by the municipal law to go through certain formalities in order to transact busness in security, did not thereby forfeit his claim to our protection. The pringi- ‘anderstood. So soon as plain chart sball be traced, and the rules of international law adapt- ed to the necessities of modern times. outrages on our citizens and insults to our flag will cease to occur. Tue TraveL To Eurore—Americans ABROAD —Derartvre or Dirromats.—Not many years ago. a voyage across the Atlantic ocean was considered a great undertaking. The tourist occupied moaths in preparing for the eventful journey. He was careful to provide himself with all sorts of articles considered necessary, from a moral tract down to a travelling liquor case. His wife overhauled his wardrobe. and his gentlemen associates shook hands with him in a sort of “ geod-bye-old-tellow-if-I-don’t-see- you-again’” air. The prayer for “one going to sea”? was put up for him according to the good old Church of England ritual. He was con- he got back safely, and he was for months afterwards the lion of the drawing-room and the pet of the fair sex. Look at the change now! Everybody goes to Europe, and no more attention is attracted by the departures than if they were to Canada or the lakes. Those floating palaces, the Collins steamers, form connecting links in the great golden chain that binds us to the Old World. The voyager enjoys every luxury that either country can afford; he suffers none of those little disagreeabilities which annoyed his fathers and grandfathers; and before he has time to find he is at sea he stands upon the dock at Liverpool. By railroad he whirls over the grand tour, and in six weeks he returns; his education is finished; he has “done” Eu- rope; he has seen a review at Chobham. a race at Epsom, a dal masque at the Grand Opera House, Paris, a castle on the Rhine, a cathe- dral at Cologne, an avalanehe in the Alps, a revolution in Italy, a French fleet in the Dar- danelles, and a prolific but imbecile Queen in Spain. Buthe isno longer ation. Everybody else bas done the same thing. The question is not “ Have you been to Europe?” but “How many times have you been over?” Thus we find. insensibly. that foreign man- ners, foreign ideas, and foreign costumes have become adopted in our country, and that the ~ language of courts ” is more and more fami- liar in the mouths of all ranks of our citizens, The position of the United States, as relating to the affairs of the Old World. thus daily grows in importance. In every port the American flag is hailed as a magical drapeau, before which oppression quails and despotism bends the knee ; and, as we become familiar with these nations, so do they learn more of us and of our institutions. The liberals of Europe are as familiar with our affairs as if they lived among us. In the struggle which must soon agitate Europe, and perhaps tumble half-a- dozen thrones into the dust, these facts wil appear as realities. They are not merely theo retical now. During the present season the number of Americans in Europe has been unprecedented. The rush commenced in May, and since that time both the Collins and Cunard steamers have been crowded. The fashionables have gone over by hundreds, and diplomats have discarded the snail-like pace of national vessels for the rapid and luxurious transit offered by such floating palaces as the Baltic or the Arabia. On this day, at noon, another steamer—the Arctic— takes her leave of this city. She has several distinguished passengers. Among them is Au- gust Belmont, Esq., Chargé d’Affaires from our government to the Hague. Mr. Belmont has been a eitizen of New York during eighteen years, Asa merchant and « banker his repu- tation is, like the wife of Cesar, “abov suspi- cion.” That he will be an accomplished and energetic agent for his adopted country we have nodoubt. He is accompanied by Mrs. Belmont. We also notice the departure by this steamer of J.M. Daniel, Esq., our Chargé to Turin. Mr. Daniel is a Southern democrat of the hunk- er stamp, a scholar, a gentleman, and @ man of unimpeachable integrity. He was formerly editor of one of the first papers at the South, the Richmond Examiner. As our representa. tive at the capital of the Sardinian dominions, Mr. Daniel will be ready for any emergency, and be able to give us a very clever book when he returns. Daniel E. Sickles, Esq., and wife, are also pas- sengers by the Arctic. Our fellow citizen goes out to take his post in the United States Lega- tion at London, as Secretary. The appoint- ment was tondered to Mr. Sickles by Mr. Buchanan. and we bave no doubt that he will anawer the high expectations of his friends and fellow citizens in New York. The duties of the Secratary of Legation are very important— he is frequently the minister; but Mr. Sickles will not be found wanting. His assistance will be moet valuable to Mr. Buchanan. Mr. William H. Welch. of Philadelphia, Mr. Buchanan's private secretary, also goes out by the Arctic. The ship will be very full, and, as we write, the list numbers ninety passengers, exclusive of the diplomatic corps, We wish them all bon voyage. INTERESTING FROM Mextoo.—Our correepon- dence from the City of Mexico published this morning will be found to contain much instrac- tive and interesting matter as to the social and political condition of Mexico, as to the several parties into which the people are divided, and as to the various questions which now agi- tate public opinion in that republic. First among those questions is that of a Spanish and Mexican alliance, or protectorate, originating io the idea that this is the only mode of warding off the war with the United States which the Mexicans seem to consider as likely to break out at any moment. To show with what seri- ousness the matter bas been discussed and con- sidered in all its bearings, we givé translations of some articles published on the subject by the government organ, the Universal, which de- clares itself in favor of the league. It appears, also, that Santa Auna has matured sidered a very lucky and @ very great man if ple will be warmly supportedgby the people ef his favorite scheme of sppropriating to the ne- cessities of the nation a portion of the enormous wealth of the priesthood; and his minister of treasury has reported » plan—supposed to be the Dictator’s own—for hypothecating or pledg- ing the property of the church for seventeen millions of dollars. The liberal organs agree in landing this scheme, while the Universal, and other papers on the government side, but which are still more influenced by the sacerdotal power, oppose it. But Santa Anna must have money to defray the enormous expenses of the government. and this is the only feasible way to raise it; so that in all probability the coffers of the clergy are doomed to depletion. Our correspondents also confirms what we have learned by way of New Orleans in regard to the popularity of Colonel Ramsey’s mail company, which has adopted the route from New Orleans to Vera Cruz. thence by express, overland, to Acapulco, and from that port by steamer to San Francisco. Santa Annahas not been slow to recognise the great advantages to be derived by Mexico herself from this contract going into active operation, and so he approves of it, as Arista did, has promised it his best sup- ‘Western Trace and Travel. ‘We have intended for some time to call the atten tion of our readers to the rapid increase that is tak- ing place in the modes of transport by means of the great lakes, railroads in Canada, and the Welland and St. Lawrence canals, and those of the State of New York, and more recently to the seaboard at Por'land and Boston. The subject is one of import- ance, particularly to this city, and we propose to describe, first, the route from the foot of Lake Su- perior through Canada, and subsequently the differ- ent lines connecting with Lakes Erie, Ontario, and the St. Lawrence, and ultimately terminating at New York, Boston, and Portland. ‘The two lines nearest_completion in Upper Canada are the Great Western, commencing immediately opposite Detroit, and extending, via Hamilton, at the head of Lake Ontario, to the Niagara river, where piers have been laid; and a bridge is being constructed to connect with the lines of internal communication through this State, the object of the projectors of this railroad originally being to draw the trade to Hamilton and thence through Lake Ontario, either down the St. Lawrence or to Rochester, Oswego, or Ogdensburg, opposite Prescott. For the purpose of diverting a portion of this traffic to the port of Buffalo a line has been com- menced from Brantford, about thirty miles from port, and has issued decrees to the Governors of | Hamilton, in the vicinity of Grand river, the ter- the several States through which the route passes, directing them to afford the company and its employés every facility in their power. Colonel Ramsey seems to possess the same influence with Santa Anna ae with the previous administrations. Colonel Ramsey, in the programme of departures and arrivals which bas been laid down for his steamers and expresses, shows the time from New Orlears to San Francisco to be only seven- teen days. The saving of time thus effected in our business and other relations with California is matter of great consequence to our citizens, and entitle the enterprising company who have established the line to the thanks and warmest support of the government and people of the United States. Altogether, the Mexican intelligence which we spread before the public this morning is important and interesting. Read it. Tue Saerirr’s Pouice AND THE MAyor’s Potice—Two Rivat Bopres—The frequent depredations among the shipping of New York, committed by the dock thieves, or the gentle- men more commonly known as river pirates, have long since been the subject of considera- tion with the ship-owners, and. owners of pro- perty remaining on the docks, who have, on many occasions, asked the city authorities for protection. About the time of the Howlett and Saul gang, some attempt was made by the Chief of Police to establish a river protection force, whereby the interest of the ship-owners might be protected. A resolution was passed, in one branch of the Common Council, in reference thereto ; but nothing further was done, and the depredations of the thieves. up to this time, ap- pear to have been carried on with almost abso- late impunity. The shipping merchants having become dis- gasted with the neglect of the public interests shown in that regard by the city authorities, at last subscribed liberally towards the establish- ment of a river police, and Sheriff Orser has sworn in some twenty-five or thirty men as special deputies, under the command of Cap- tain Rakielewitz and Assistant Captain Old- Ting. to act as such police. Now, there appears to be a great rivalry and jealousy existing between the city police and the Sheriff's river police, arising principally from the dread lest the Sheriff's police should obtain the credit of breaking up the gangs of rogues who plunder the vessels. the credit of which service is ambitioned for by the Mayor’s police. However.30 long as the depredations ar2 stopped, the merchants care but littl: who ob- tain the credit. They don’t ask the city to pay their me"; they hve frequently a ked for pro- ection, and eould not have it awarded them py the Common Council, and now they seek to ea. tablish a force of watchmen to protcet their property. 1 t their own expense. It has been intirated that the Sheriff has no authority to create a poiice. That is a mistaken idea. The Sh riff is empowered by law to create as many special deputies as he may deem proper for the protection oi the citizens, or their property, situated within this county. The Mayor is the head of the city police; but the Sheriff's powers embrace the whole county. He can, at any moment, in cases of riot or tumult, create special deputies for the protection of personal property; and in conformity with his duty he has created special deputies, or a police, as it may be termed. for the protection of the shipping interest in our harbor against the continual depredations of the thieves who infest its wharves, beyond the reach ot city policemen. In another point of view, the Sheriff's river police will act as a kind of incentive, stimulat- ing the regular forse to increased activity. Jealousy will cause either force to keep watch over the other; and of this watchfulness the public will possess the benefit. We say to the Sheriff’s police, do your duty recolutely, and. if possible, secure all the dock thieves, and thereby show to the city authori- ties their inexcusable neglect in not sooner es- tablishing a protective force like you. We ex- pect that the efficiency of the newly constituted body will convince the community of the neces- sity which existed for its creation, and that it was just the existence of such a force that was required to put an end to the depredations and murders nightly committed in our harbor. Captain INGRAHAM AND OUR Foreron Rest. pENTS.— We have recently intormed our readers of the design entertained, and about being acted on, by the French. Italian, Swiss, German, and other exiles now in New York, of presenting to Captain Ingraham, of the St. Louis, some testi- monial of their admiration of his gallant con- duct in the matter of the Hungarian Koszta. The following is a translation of the circular (in French,) convening a meeting of those desiring to participate in the demonetration:— Gentlemeo—The members of the French Demo- cratic Comm ttee desire tu have the honor of meeting with you, ior the purpore of determining, according to the desire expresved by a great number of demo- crate, @ manifestation in favor ot Captain Ingraham, who, by bis noble conduct at Smyrna, bas so faith- July interpreted the hospitable sentiments of his countrymen, and has entitled himself to the profound gratitude of al European exiles. The members of the French Democratic Commit- tee the @ reqnest you, gentlemen, to meet them on Saturday evening, the 20th instant, at 8 o'clock, P.M., at the Shakspeare Hotel, William street. (Signed,) Campponas. Cavasipren. MARRTINACHE, Mone. Queene. _ To-night, therefore, there will be a large re- union ot the republican exiles of Europe to do honor to our gallant countryman. We are giad to see such a manifestation on the part of our foreign residents, minus of which will be at a point immediately oppo- site that city; and another ia projected from Wood- stock, some five and twenty miles nearer Lake Huron, which will have ite termini at Port Burwell and Port Jones, immediately opposite Erie and Dunkirk, in this State; and, by an extension of the charter re- cently granted by the Legislature, a branch ia per- mitted to be extended to Dunnesville, near the mouth of Grand river, opposite Buffalo, thus opening a line from the interior of Caxada to the seaboard. While these ¢fforta are making to secure a portion of the Western trade in this direction, the people of Toronto have not been inactive, and a line of railroad has been commenced, and will soon be in operation, connecting that city with Georgian Bay, at the head of Lake Huron, whenee a steamer plies to the Saalt Ste. Marie, at the foot of Lake Superior, around which a ship canal is being constructed capable of passing a vessel of five hundred tons burthen, which, however, it may be proper here to state, cannot reach Lake Erie or the terminus of the Great West- ern Railroad, opposite Detroit, unless the channel of the St. Clair flats, at the foot of Lake Huron, shall have been deepened. Until that is effected a consi- derable amount of the traffic of Lake Superior, and the country bordering on that immense inland sea, must be attracted to Toronto by the railroad from Georgian Bay. Simultaneously with the opening of the lines re- ferred to, it is proposed to construct two others from Toronto, terminating at Port Sarnia, at the foot of Lake Huron, above the St. Clair flate, and at Gode- rich, on the eastern side of that lake—the distance, in a direct line, from the former place to Toronto, being Jess than one hundred and twenty miles, and from the other about ninety. The effect of opening these lines must be to draw to Lake Ontario a con- siderable amount of the trade of Lake Michigan passing through the straits of Mackinaw, as well as that of Lake Superior, the large steamers, when laden, frequently grounding on the St. Clair flata, A railroad is about being commenced from Mon- treal to Bytown, on the Ottawa, which will before long be extended to Lake Superior—the distance from Bytown to that lake being about four hundred miles—which would have the effect of bringing down to Montreal a portion of the commerce of the lake. In the meantime, a line of railroad isin progress of construction from Bytown to Prescott, immediately opposite Ogdensburg; and the people of Brockville, some ten or fifteen miles from Prescott, have raised a Joan of $400,000—about three dollars out of four of the rental of the place—for the purpose of opening a railway communication with the Ottawa, to connect with Ogdensburg or the Cape Vincent line to New York. Not only will the railroads converging at Toronto, and Hamilton, at the foot of Lake Erie and the Niag- ara, attract in those directions a vast amount of the trade and travel of the northwest, but they will pass throngh the best eettled and most fertile portion of Western Canada—the garden of the Province, and a fine wheat growing country—the inhabitants of which are chiefly supplied with European and Ame- rican manufactares and West India produce by means of the Erie canal and the railroads diverging from New York to Oswego, Rochester, Buffalo, Erie, and Dunkirk. The Oape Vincent Railroad extends through Rome to Troy, where it connects with the Hudson river and Harlem and Albany lines to New York; and the Ogdensburg line, which was constructed to draw off the Canadian trade towards Boston, is tapped at Burlington by the Rutland and Western Vermont Railroads, also having ite terminus at Troy. At Caughnawauga, immediately opposite Lachine, about nine miles above Montreal, a line of railroad has been opened, intersecting the Ogdensburg line, and terminating at Platteburg, whence it will be continued, on the western side of Lake Champlain, till it forms a junctton with the Saratoga and Wash- ington Railroad, near Saratoga, thirty-one miles from Troy. Then there is the railroad from Montreal to Rouse’s Point, which connects with the cars running to New York, by which that city may be reached in twelve hours. The railroad from Montreal to Portland was open- ed on the fifteenth of July, and we notice a shipment of flour from Ohio was recently made by this line from Montreal to the seaboard, and it is likely that the supp'y of that article for the consumption of the Eastern States will probably take that direc- tion, or via the Ogdensburg line to Boston. A rail- way from Quebec is in progress—which, it is thought, will be completed during the present year—intersect- ing the Portland line at Richmond, seventy miles from Montreal; and as this has been merged in the grand trunk line, as has also the Portland, it is un- derstood that the company will establish a line from Island Road to Johnsbury, a distance of only twen- ty-eight miles, which will connect with the Vermont Valley and New Haven Railroads, forming a con- tinuous and almost straight line from Quebec to New York, An extersion of the Harlem Railroad from the “Four Corners” will also probably be completed next year to Bennington, a distance of about forty miles, near which it will connect with the Western Vermont and Rutland Railroads, which intersect the Ogdensburg and Montreal lines at Burlington, thus opening up another line of communication between Canada East and the river St. Lawrence and New York. It will thus be seen, that while the spirit of enter. price, which has 80 suddenly developed itself io Canada, which the government there is fostering by every means in its power, and which must necessa- rily attract a large portion of the traffic of the great lakes down the St. Lawrence, has been met bya corresponding energy on the part of Maine and Mas- sachusetts, yet no sooner isa line opened in that direction than it is tapped by a branch line to New York, And nothing is now required to retain for this city its commercial ascendancy, but the action of the State government, with reference to enlarging the canal from Whitehall to Troy, and the con struction of a ship canal, to connect the St. Law- rence with Lake Champlain. But as our remarks have already extended as fur as our limits will permit, any farther observations in relation to this subject must be deferred till another day. Ald to New Orleans, TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. Fin—I perceive py your pacer of te-duy that there is no sbatement in she epidemic now raging to such # four fu) extent in New Orleans aod feellog @ syinpathy for my fellow sufferers, ard grateful for the many kind fa vors I bave received from the citizens ef that city, I ea alore you twenty-five dollara #hech you will please for. ward for their relief. Yours, very respectfully, BARNEY WILLIAMS, Comedian. New Youn, Avgust 18, 1850; Talk on ’Change. Cotton was from ene-cizhth to one-fourth of s cent lower than the quotations previous to the receipt of the America’s news, with sales of about 800 bales. Other articles of produce were without material alts- ration, Common brands of State flour ebtefly sold at $6 06, Sugars were in fair request, the sales including about 1,0€0 boxes, in bend, for export. A gentleman stated that he had yesterday forenccn received a» letter from @ friend who was a citisen ef Miinois, and who stated that he was very desirous of poying a visit to New York, but was afraid todo so as & newspaper in his section of the country had declared that the cholera was prevailing here te a fearful and fatal extent. He therefore wished to know whether the disease had abated, and if he would be safe in com- ing on. fuch areport, if circulated, was evidently mannfec- tured from the whole cloth. The health of New York the present summer, considering the large number of ewigrants landed bere, compared favorably with the healthiest city on the continent, as was proved by the | Dills of mortality. : Other spurious reports which had been cireulated nearer quarters to the prejudice of the city were com- plained of, Such weapons empleyed in the competition of trade were unworthy of right minded men, and at best could only serve a temporary purpore. A merchant well informed on the subject stated that cheese was in gozd demand for shipment. He said it ‘was quite s new feature in the trade that the article had. deen shipped durirg the summer months of the present year for the first time. It had been sent out freely by the Collins and Ounard steamers during the warm weather ‘with success. Shipments hitherto had not been usual bee fore September. The ircreased rigor on the part of coroners juries, towards the employés of railroads, in osses of accijents resulting from slleged carelessness, was approved of. It appeared that the engine man charged with carelessness on the Camden and Amboy road had been held to bail in $6,000, and Mr. Patnam, on the Providence and Worces- ter road, in the sum of $5,000, A number of absentes merchants reappeared on ’Change yesterday, seme of whom had been as far as the bottom. of shafts in the mineral regions of Lake Superior and some had been on the ont:kirts of civilization in Canada, None spcke of having met with frost during the past week. One stated that on one of the hottest days last week the thermometer in the forenoon stood at about 100 degrees on the Heights of Quebec, and in the shade at that. He thought New York was the coolest place at the time, Marine Affairs. Lavxcags To-pay.—Mr, Wm. H. Webb will launch at ten o’clock, from his yard, foot of Seventh street, E. R., the steamship Knoxville, intended for the New York and Savannah steamship line. Movsre. Capes & Alison will Jaunch at half-past eight o’elock, from their yard at Hoboken, a propeller of 300 tons, to be commanded by Capt. Cushman. Liorayant M’Kiverry, CoMManDeR OF THS SrtaxsHre Gronaia.—The following, regarding the appointment of Lieut. M’Kinstry to the command of the steamship. Georgia, we are pleased to transfer from the columns of the Detroit Datly Advertiser: We take arey in anno Lieut M’Kinstry, has been appoin' to the command the magnificent steamer Georgia, from New York to As- pinwall. The is mail this appointment speaks well for that alt aes te that our old ited States. In this appoint. w not only secured = most competent and ee corer ca, but = whens enna are legion roughout the count and os; throughout the Northwest, from where be hails. We feel Proad that « son of jigan bas been selected to so honorable and important a post. Lavycuep.—Op Thursday, August 18, at the shi; of Charles Mallory, Mystic, Ct., the clipper ship Pam. Fero, of 1.400 tons. | She is ewned by James Blahop & Co. of this city, and is intended for the California trade, aad gent vessel ever a Place, Deaut model! it is eaid she has not been excelled, rn he ‘The Secretary of Legation lo England. La+t even ng D. E. Sickles, Eaq., Secretary of Legation te Great Br.tain, gave a samptuous entertainment to: his frierds, on the éve of his departure in the Aretic, ta- join Mr. Buchanan im London. The invitation was = general ove, and was responced to by s goodly number ef the democrats of New York, particularly the ‘‘hard- abells;” also, many influent alan’ cistingaished deme- crate from other States, who happened to be in the city. Among those present were August Belmont, Charge ww the Hague; George Sanders, Esq., Consul to London: Mr, Walch, private Secretary to Mr. Buchanan; Col. Rand, of Kentucky; Capt. ‘Tym of Liut-tana; . sensor Gongisi gndye Gaeuiben ientrpir tae Hartiey, of Connecticut; Elwood Fisher, of Cincianatis Saunders Jobpron, of Obio; and Augustus Schell. Kdwiss Croewell, EB, Hart, D. B. Taylor, Aldermaa Barr, &e. Coy &C. ‘ibe entertaipment was provided by Mr Wiley, of Wood- laws, Bloomingdale. Wines floxed A profusion and wit spaikled as bri tly asthe champagne The a1 were of the moet “adsmantine”’ character and the pa ty did Lok beg Hel an advanced hour The greatest corcislity ap on; val) and in Pelice Ini AN] ALLEGED FALSE PRETENCE IN THE SALE OP fA8SAGE TICKETS FOR AUSTRALIA. ‘erterdsy officers Prince John Davis, Lord, and Dow- Hise tt the nee court, arrested on a warrant Ave just: Henry Hamil‘on Sweezooe, wherein he stands charged with telling tickets of panne ‘uu the ship Angelique. for Australia. It appeara by the affitavirs of two of toe pas- fengers, that one paid $460 for him»eif aad faaily, and the other $105, and received tickets for Mice Willies Otway. th ‘iam ay. the complainant, sets forth be arrived from Flonea for the come going to herd traba: tbat sbeut the 17th July last he purchased tickets of pareage on board said ship, for himeelf and- family, ad paid $460: the vessel was represented to sail, for certain, on the 26th day of July. The ehip, however, did not rail, as per notice, nor has sbe yet sailed: since which time the complainant has ascertatced that an in- junetion has been placed on the vessel, issued by the Ll apy Court, prohibiting the departure of raid skip; and ip addition to the above, there was and is still, ee Sea ee ones epeoesmn vend by cis by the United States Marshal These claims have not been bap Pag mem cannot go to ves until suck claims are peid. The following is a covy of a ticket or teewiot given to Mr. Otway on the payment of the 19.ty— : Mr. Otway bas paid for self aod wife, in cabin, hence foadrienien tine zoom No 4 oP HENRY HamMILTON.” . John Chichester, another passenger also & ticket in June isst, when be paid $105. The vessel war then represented to sail on the 15th July. Antonio Pelletier. sworn, ssys that he is the owner of the ship Angelique, now in port and the subject of this complaint, that Henry Hamilton Sweezoce never was proprietor of raid shop, ner has he ever bad any share therein; witmers recegnizes the receipt. as above an- neyed *n be in the proper handwriting of Henry Hamil ton Sy eez00 Wure a, Sweersce was brought before the magistrate he exbibited documents, and reprerented that he was the authorized agent of Mr Pelletier, aed as such wac quali- fied 1n selling passage tickets for said vessel The whole watter will undergo a further examination ia watch Mr. Sweezoce asserts that be can fully satiefy the coart of his fpr ocence in te alleged A ‘ip.—The police of the uamed i Affray on Board Fourth waid arrested. on Thursday, two seamen, Job» Sretay a8 ‘Wm, Wallace, ona charge of violentig sresulurg Bellard Hyler, mate of the brig St. Iping at ancbor im the Nor‘h river, off the Battery. I ceoms that an sffay took place between the above named Veeiage and Wallace struck Hyler three times oa the back of the head with an axe. prior to which Hyler struck Wallace sith » part of a handspike. The injury {aflleted by the axe it is belinved will prove fatal as Hyler remeing in: en#ible from a fracture of the scall. James Ferris, of No 126 Cherry street was on board the shio at the time and witperned che affray, and made the affidavit before Justioe Begart on which the prisoners were committed to pricon to await the result of the injury inflicted. The secused parties, after the assault, took the ahip’s bos ‘and went sehore at the foot of Pike street ia the Seventh ard, Information of the assanit war commun'cated to the Fourth ward and officers Colgan and Phillips, of that district, veceeded in arresting the parties, A Cut Direct on a Burglar—A Woman.— Oo Friday morning between tie hours of 2 and 3 o’olack, Mra, Christion Brennan, residing at the corner of Green- wich and Spring streeta, was aroused from her slumber by a prise, which at frst she suppored to be a cat in the room, but ip an instant afver rhe heard the window open- ing and to her surprise and horror she bebeld the head of aman. who wasin the act of geatly pushing up the window, evidently, as she believed, for the purpose of eptering the house. Instead, however as msny sould have done, crea'ing an alarm, she quietly got out of bod, wok from @ table a larga carving kaife, aad re urved to the window. B; this time the rogue had the window sufficiently raired to admit bis body, and was mekicg his wey 18 when Mra Ticenban a'ruck him ou toe bead with the knife. For ap instant the man appeared insenaible the effets of the blow; the blood flowed from the 4 avd fell on the sill of the window, The rarosl re- a his feet and carried off his bead, aod ao doubt congratulated himrelf that it was left on hin shoatderss Mrs. Brenpan vad considerable money in the hours, and 6 supooses the robber was the atvemot to enter the of stealing. If any phystcian ‘a wound bearing the apoearaace of being infiic’ed bye knife, he will do well to give infor» ina fon to the polics, in order that the burglar may be brought to justice, Tum Enymor Cask—A writ of habeas corpas was allowed in this case on the 17th inst., by his Honor Judge Humphreys, of Auburn, on the ap- plication of Meesrs. Morgan & Seward, counsel for the petitioner, The writ was directed to William Titus, Warden of she prison, and wus made retarna- ble on Saturday, the 20th inst., at 10 o'clock in the forenoon. a» ber nusband was ab ent aware of the fret and prem'ses for the