The New York Herald Newspaper, July 20, 1853, Page 4

; ; . ' at IT Se ——————= NEW YORK HERALD.|™™™' Re | JAMES GORDON BENNETT, OFFICE ¥. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS. SWoduame XVI... cccccs vecseeeseee -s-NO, 199 } Wew York, W anesday, July 20, 1853. ——————————————— | ‘The Matis for tne Pacific. / THE NEW YORK WEEKLY LERALD. \ ‘The United States mail steamship Illinois, Captain Hart- + stone, will ‘eave this port this afternoon, at two o’clock, for Aspin wail. The mails for Oetifornia and other parts of the Pacifie will elose at one o'clock. } The New Yous Wrexiy HexaLp—Californis edition— ‘with the latest intelligence from ali parts of the world, | wlll be published at 10 o'clock this morning. Bingie copies, sixpence. Agents will please send in their orders as early as possidle. The News. The Franklin, from Hayre and Southampton, ar- rived at this port early yesterday morning, and _ brought us our London and Paris files, with other | ‘Buropean advices, down to the 7th instant. The Cunard steamer Europa also reached Halifax las evening, with dates w the 9th inst. ‘The local pol tical affairs of the different Continen- ta’ countries remained in the same calm and easy ' eourse; but the highest excitement prevailed in every cabinet and capital with regard to the ulterior iasve of the Russo-Turkish quéstion. The news that the Czar bad made the first grand move, by march- ing his troops into Moldavia, was confirmed, and had Greated a most decided panic both upon the London Exchange and Paris Bourse; but the funds rallied after an interchange of communications between ‘ England and France, and the promulgation of a be- _ lief that, by some politica! subtlety, the matter would | yet be settled by what were termed “ honorable Degotiations.”” According to the advices brought ‘by the Europa, the difference of opinion with regard + to the Vurkish question was so great among the | members of the British Ministry, that a dissolution | of the cabinet was at one time threatened. | The manifesto of the Czar, and the dignified reply ef Reschid Pasha to Count Nesselrode, should be | read with attention, as well as the leading article: upon this eventful crisis which we publish. Intelli- gence from Vienna would lead to the opinion that Austria had determined to attempt a peace media- tion between Kussia and Turkey. ‘The debate upop the subject in the British Parliament tends to cont the supposition that a compromise would set be effected. The crops in France were still in a wost critical position, and another ministerial esis was autici- pated at Madrid. } Commodore Vanderbilt had arrived at Havre from | Russia in the North Star.and the magnificent Bos- ton clipper Sovereign of the Seas had performed | am unparalleled mune feat by running from New | York into the Mersey in thirteen days and nineteen hours. The last monetary and commercial intelligence, | With some Australian details, will be found else where. By the arrival of the brig Pedrazza, Captain Dorri- tie, at this port yesterday, we received files of Bo. hama papers down to the 2d inst. They contain no Political news of importance, nor any other intelli- gence which would interest our readers. We have received our files of the Madras Exami. ner down to the 20th of May. The attention of the East India journals was entirely given to matters of Jocal interest and English news. They consequently eontain no intelligence which is of importance to the American reader. Cholera, fever, and dysentery, raged at Jellicherry amongst the fishermen and Moplabs. The weather was unusually warm. We are gratified to learn from the papers that our coun- tryman, Captain Gibson, of the schooner Flirt, is now probgbly on his way to his home and freedom, hav- ing escaped, as reported, from the Dutch prison at Batavia. One of the most soul-thrilling casualties that has ever occurred at Niagara is recorded in the despatches } from the Falls under the telegraphic head. Last Monday evening three men—two of them named Jobn Able and Andrew Hannaman, and the other a atranger—got adrift in a small boat just above the frightful abyss, over which the two latter were horled, and instantly dashed to atoms. Able, when near the verge of the foaming cataract, succeeded io * reaching a rock, to which he clung till about six ) o'clock last evening. The anxiety of the people ou shore to rescue the unfortunate man from his perilous situation was most intense throughout the day. But if the feelings of the spectators were aroused to such a pitch what must bave been the thoughts of him » who was almost certvin of eventually becoming a prey to the roaring torrent? Every scheme that hu- man ingenuity could devise was resorted to; lifeboats were brought from Buffalo, and provisions were floated | tohim onrafts. Late in the afternoon he succeeded in placing himeeif on one of these rafts, and was on the point of stepping from it into alifeboat, when, to the dikmay and horror of the spectators on shore, the boat came in collision with the raft with so much ) violence as to pitch poor Able into the water. Stil! undaunted, he struck out boldly for a small island in the vicinity; but the current overpowered his already exhausted physical energies, and, after thus desper- ately struggling for life, and tenaciously clinging Sor twenty howrs to a slippery rock, which itself could scarcely withstand the impetuous force of the stream the victim was swept into eternity. One wild, piere- ing shriek, and all was over. The Massachusetts Constitutional Convention, by the casting vote of the President, yesterday rejected the proposition to permit the election of State officers by « plurality vote. + Governor Seymour’s nominees for New York har- | bor masters, &c., still hang fire in the State Senate. The only confirmations made in executive session yesterday consisted of a few notaries. Several bills | were passed, among them one restricting municipa } corporations from borrowing money on the strength of their corporations. Most of the forenoon was de voted to the consideration of the Railroad Tax and _ Toll bill, which affords gentlemen a fine opportunity - of displaying their opinions upon internal improve ments generally_and canals and railroads particular- Jy. In the afternoon the House se it back the Supply bill, with numerous amendments and alterativas The Senate, according to our special correspondent’ despatch, disagreed to one appropriating tea thousand dollars for the benefit of tue New York ‘Volunteers who served in the campaign against Mex feo. The Assembly having raised the appropriation for Legislative expenses from thirty thousand to fifty \ thousand dollars, a motion was made to again cut it down to the former sum. A debate ensued, in the course of which it was stated that the presiding offi ey of both Houses would refuse to sign certificates for services pretended to have beea rendered duriag | the recess of the Legislature, and consequently it was | immaterial what might be the amount appropriated ‘The Speaker of the Assembly announced that he would to-day name the Board of Managers to prose cute the charges against Canal Commissioner Mather ‘before the Court of Impeachment. ‘The corner stone of St. Peter's Church, Mill street, Poughkeepsie, was laid yesterday, with the usual Roman Catholic ceremonies, by the Rev. Archbishop Hughes. There was a large concourse of people pre gent when his Grace delivered the sermon, in which he contended that the rites and ceremonies used by the Roman Catholics in laying the corner stone of a were indispensable to render the edifice a ly one. A full report will be published herea‘ter. We to-day publish a variety of telegraphic de- wpetches, and many columns of other interesting reading, to which we have no room to refer particn- larly. The headings of the different articles will be found sufficiently explic:* to give tho reader a pretty Cure Gee UF Lied Yulee The Russians have crossed the Pruth. Mena- ces, which many regarded as mere empty bon | bast, have been executed to the letter. and the equilibrium of Europe has been fairly overturn- ed. Nicholas has once more placed before Fy- rope the issue of peace or war. a Readers of the Hanatp will not have been taken by surprise by the Franklin’s news. On 2d July instant we showed how the occupation | of Moldavia and Wallachia by the Czar was a mere compremise between defeat and aggres- | sion, and hew. under the treaty of Balta-Liman, | the movement was so far authorized that the Western powers could hardly view it as a casus belli. We then stated that we entertained no doubt of the Russian troops advancing into the Pripcipalities, and we added that while France, | whose interest is all on the side of war, might probably refuse to allow the same latitude to the Balta-Liman treaty as Great Britain, whose only desire is peace, still the general aspect of European affairs was decidedly pacific. We see no reason toalter these views. Eventshave fulfilled our predictions, and the designs we then imputed to the various courts of Europe | have since been openly avowed by, their or- gans. In the first place, the Russian troops are, as we said. on the southern bank of the Pruth. Not a shot has been fired or a sword drawn. The passage of the river was as quiet and a undisturbed as an evolution at a review. Pea- sants saw without surprise the return of the same men who had garrisoned Bucharest and Jassy three years before, and who, notwith- | standing their exactions, had never bee Tre garded as invaders by the Moldar‘ans or Wallachians. Even the Turks, why had pro- tested so loudly against the infrection of their treaties and rights, sufferee the Cossacks to approach their quarters without challenge and without resistance. That a similar line of tac- ties would be pursued if the Russians advanced southward and atempted to cross the Danube is of course toc improbable for belief; but we cannot regord such a movement as being itself more likely to occur. Difficult as it is to elicit | from the past policy of Russia any evidence of | their present designs, we are adventuring much when we predict that they will be content with what they have done already; but such is, nevertheless, our firm belief, and for its adop- tion we have substantial reasons. Russian am- bition may be very potent at St. Petersburg; but the sceptre of sagacity has not passed away from the Czar, and we are loath to entertain any theory which would take for granted his wil- lingness to engage singly in a war with all the powers of Europe. The possible gain of such an enterprise would not compare for a moment with the probable loss. Prosperous as Russia now is, the Czar could not undertake to defend his empire against the combined attacks of France, England and Austria. or to hold any new conquests in spite of these foes, with out a ruinous interruption of the trade of the Baltic and the Black Sea and a clear prospect of internal dissensions. The Nesselrode party would take advantage of the dicecontent to fo- ment disaffection at home; and nearly balanced as the two rival factions are, it is very doubt- ful whether the influence of Nicholas and Con- stantine could retain the preponderance in favor of the court. Nor is Turkey a foe to be utterly despised. Greeks and Albanians would be found in her army. fighting under the Mus- selman standard, to protect their independeat church from the thraldom of the Czar. Cauca- sians and Georgians would pour in upon Russia from the West, and all the hopes of Russian aggrandizement in Asia would fall to the ground. Poland would rise from her ashes, and, the dust of the last forty years swept off by the whirlwind of war, the live embers would glow into a flame which alone would require all Muscovy to quench. Tribes of Tartars. now helplessly despoiled of their ter- ritory by Russian invaders, would imbibe fresh vigor from the prospect. and commence a scene of retribution that is frightful to contemplate. All these contingencies are fully foreseen at St. Petersburg. Russia has been once invaded dur- ing this century, and. though the foe was but one nation out of the host which would now rise against her, her safety was only purchased by the sacrifice of ber capital and a ruinous cumpaign. A second Moscow would be but an insignificant check to an invading army of French, Austrians, Turks, English, and Poles. We cannot bring ourselves to expect a war. France and England have acted precisely as we anticipated. The former is eager for hos- tilities. The Moniteur has not yet spoken ; but the public is being prepared for a rupture by articles in other journals, which, though not directly official, are yet known to speak the sentiments of the French Emperor. Paris cor- respondents do not hesitate to attribute the pa- ternity of the article in the Constitutionnel, which we publish in another column, to the Em- peror himself. We need hardly draw the attention of our readers to this performance— it speaks for itself. When the head of the French government tells us that «the entry of the Russians into Moldavia constitutes. what- ever may be said of it, a most manifest and flagrant casus belli’’—when all the Paris press, of whatever color and party, unite in this view of the event, and announce that “France be ready to take her part in the conflict may fairly regard our predictions as v The idea of appealing to the people ou the question of peace or war, and taking their sense by a Plébiscete. is well worthy of the originality of Napoleon IIT. Whether he ceeds or not however, in arousing the mo ardor of France, the real decision of the ques- tion will still rest with England. Britich opinion has not varied on the point. The London press is unanimous in de- nouncing the conduet of Rus: but those journals which may be supposed to speak the sentiments of the Aberdeen cabinet have care- fully abstained from informing their readers that it constitutes a legitimate ground for war The decision originally arrived at by the Council, when the occupation of the Pri cipalitics was first threatened. is still main- tained now that the event taken place. England is vastly indignant at the palpable dishonesty of Russia; bat her feelings are controlled by her interest, and that requires the preservation of the trade of the Baltic. If Russia advanced still farther, and menaced the very existence of the Ottoman Empire it would still need a vast deal of cour- age on the part of the cabinet to annonnce to the British nation that they were again to be plunged into war. Public sentiment may hereafter be roused to a warlike pitch, but for the present such °n event is highly improbable, and our ac- counts from Europe are, on the whole, clearly in favor of peace, | has Tae Ly eg Sreampoar Disaster—VeRvict oF THE J’ py—The usual ceremonies attendant ‘UpOr, steamboat disasters have been concluded iP, the case of the Empire—a temporary excite- ment, a hearing, and a censure, compose the drama, and then the curtain drops and shuts the affair from the world forever. Mangled bo- dies and scattered limbs are hurried to the tomb, where the formula is ended, and the wail- ings of the bereaved are hushed by the din and bustle of the world. The last act has been per- formed in regard to the late disaster upon the Hudson river, and the verdict of the Coroner’s jury will be found in another column, The verdict throws the greatest blame upon the captain of the sloop. but at the same time it censures the officers of the Empire. Our opinion is that a steamer having more power and control over her move- ments than a sloop. might reasonably be ex- pected to accomplish the most in avoiding a collision. This is a matter, however. of but little importance, as a mere ceusure amounts to less than the ink and paper necessary to record it. Unless the Grand Jury are. recommended to act in the matter it is to be considered that “ nobody is to blame.” On Monday last we published an article upon steamboat disasters, in which the steamboat commissioners were vensured for apparent neg- lect of their drsies. In consequence of that article we beve been called upon by Mr. Henry B. Renwick, one of the commissioners, from whom we obtained the following facts, which | we willingly give in our columns:— | The steamboat laws, as passed originally, went into full force on the first day of January. 1853, at the West and in this place on the first day of March. It was then postponed, by special resolution, permitting Inspectors to grant boats permits to run although not fitted until June 1, 1853. provided the Inspectors were satisfied that the owners of these boats were diligently | fitting them in complance with the law. The Inspectors for this district entered on their duties in January. They have granted provisional permits, as above, to some seventy or eighty vessels; have directed personally, to a greater or less extent, as to the fittings of all passenger vessels registered or licensed at this port. and have since, or not long prior to June 1, boarded and examined seventy odd vessels in order to see. as far as could be done without a thorough test, whether they were provided with pumps. life preservers, gauges, provisions against fire, &c. To all these ves- sels, when, after a series of visits. they were found to be fully equipped, they granted pro- visional permits entitling them to ran until such time as the Inspectors could, in turn, thoroughly inspect them. Two weeks or there- abouts after the first of June: were spent in such visits, and in warning vessels unfitted not to run or they would be reported for prosecution. When the instruments were in proper order. and these warnings had been given, and preli- minary examinations made. the Inspectors be- gan to inspect thoroughly. They have been detained by breakage of instruments. &c., but everything is now in proper order, and they hope to complete the inspection of all boats in the course of four to five months, being at the same time determined to go thoroughly through with each vessel, even if some should, from want of time, not be inspected at all. They have made thorough inspection of twelve vessels, and in the course of their daty have discovered defects in boilers, have condemn- ed life preservers in large numbers as unreliable, and have ordered additional floating power to be applied to lifeboats. besides requiring altera- tions in the fittings of vessels and their equip- ments. Repairs, additions, or substitution of per- fect for imperfect articles have generally been made with promptness by steamboat owners. The Ingpectors have, also. during the last four and a half months, licensed 143 pilots and 337 engineers. The recommendations of these officers are volumnious, and on file in the Inspectors’ office. The examination of the engineers wasa matter demanding much times so was their classification into the various grades prescribed by the law. The Inspectors have repeatedly requested aid in order that their duties could be performed more promptly and more completely. This has been refused, and perhaps with good reason, on the ground that the law did not provide for it. The law, in their opinion, has already done great good. but its effects cannot be judged of until it has worked tor some time. Tur New Mar, Rovte To Tue Pacrric.—The contract entered into by the United States Postmaster General with Col. Ramsay & Co. for the transportation of mails between New Orleans and San Francisco, went into operation last Monday. By this new arrangement, which gains some 2,000 miles of ocean route,the express mail leaves Vera Cruz on the Atlantic, aud Acapulco on the Pacific on the 4th and 18th of each month, meeting at Mitapec a central point in the interior, and distant from each of those ports about thirty-six hours, making the land route across the republic only occupying seventy two hours, The mail teaving New Orleans on the Ist and 14th of each month will arrive at Vera Cruz so as to be conveyed thence on the 4th and 18th. It is expected thus, when the line is in good working order, to reduce the distance of time between New Orleans and San Francisco to twelve days. General Santa Anna is most favorably disposed towards the project, and the a/cades or magistrates along ihe line have been directed to afford the con- tractors and their servants every facility. Teurnep up in AvstraLta.—Mr. Thomas War- ner. the tame, we doubt not, who, a few years ago, was a resident of this city, has turned up as a solicitor and proctor in Melbourne. Austra- lia. He says, in his advertisement in the Re- former of that town, that Persons from America, or who may have legal or commercial business there, can obtain every informa: tion from T. Warner; from his long r nce and le gal practice there ‘he flatters himself hia se may be particularly beneficial to those who ent American business to his charge. ‘ast Tue Fisnery Question—Anotuer King We are informed by telegraph from Washington that the fishery question may possibly hang tirc till the reassembling of Congress. A new ele ment is said to have come in to delay negotia- tions. Wonderful! What can it- be? Mr Crampton H. B. M. minister at Washington, has just returned from a trip down east. Has he diecovered this new element? Wonder what ii can be? We have been afraid of this. bat © it will never do to give it up so,” Never, Tum Overs at CastuR GARDES.—The now opsratic ena brive of Max Mare'zok proxpers very favornbly, auld by it Castle Garcen has become a most fashionable and pop ler place of rendezvous, ‘Robert the Devil’ rented for the econd and last time to « large audiene: on Monday night, and this evening ‘ VElivir d'Amore’’ i to be given. with Medeme Son as Adina, and RadiaM, avd Rovere in the principal male characters, was pre The Hon. Enrope, to enter duties at the court of Madrid. His reception by the Spanish government will be awaited with much interest ; but ashe goes under instructious from the Executive department of the United States, it seems hardly probable that the Spanish ministry will inquire into the ind'vidual opivions of our ambassador with re- gard to any topic which is likely to be the subject of discussion between the two countries, before they shall conclude to receive or reject him. ‘The diplomatic relations between the United States aud Spain have formerly been a subject of great interest, and, at times, of embarrassment and difficulty ; butall questions in dispute between the two countries have heretofore been settled to the satisfuction of Americans generally; and been acqui- esved in by Spain, in some cases certainly with re- luetunce, but as a matter of necessity. AMERICAN MINISTARS TO SPAIN. The following gentiemen have represented the United States at the court of Spain, since the adop- tion of the constitution, viz.: Appointed. William Carmichael, of Maryland, Charge..... 1790 Wn. Carmichael and Wm. Short, Commission- OMB cet bsp heane . 1792 Wilham Short, of Virginia, Minister resident... 1794 MINISTERS PLENIPOTENTIARY AND ENVOYS EXTRAOR- DINAKY. Thomas Pinckney, of South Carolina +» 1794 David Eumphreys, Connecticut 1796 1801 Charles Fenty South Caroling James Mourne, Vil Janes Bow Massachusetts George W.Erviog, d John Foryh, Georgia Hugh Nebhon, Virginia. Alexander 4. Everett, Massachusetts. Cornelius E. Van Ness, Vermont. *William T Barry, Kextucky, John H. Eston, ennessee. Aaron Vail, (Charge,) New York. Washington irving, New York. . Romulus M.Saunders, North Carolina. Daniel M. Buringer, do. Pierre Soule, Louisiana........ * Mr. Burrydied at Liverpool, on bis way to Spain, oa the 26th cf Aigust, 1825. SPANISH MINISTERS TO THE UNITED STATES. During tle first administration under the coustt- tution, (thatof Washington,) Spain was represented in this coutry by Messrs. Jaudenes and Viar, in the capaciy of commissioners, or ministers resi- dent. ‘The first minister plenipotentiary seut by Spain to th United States, was the Caevalier Car- los Martinez de Yrujo. He arrived after the treaty of 1795, aad his commission was renewed in 1801, when he was created or became a marquis. He was the list Spanish minister in America before the renewal of the diplomatic intercourse on the restoratiol of the royal family of the Bourbons and the accessyn of Ferdinand VII. The successors of the Margis de Yrujo have been as follows :— Appornted. - 1809 +1319 1824 +1330 + Ls36, 1804 Ls04 isla irginia...... Don Luis deOnis*. Don Fraucizo Di Lou José deHeredia.. Don Francizo Tacon Don Augel Jalderon de la Barca, Chevalier CArgaiz......... fa Don Angel ‘aideron de la Bare * Don Luise Onis was appointed Minister to the United States by theupreme ©: ntral Junta, which at rhat cime governed Sp, in the name of Kiog Ferdmana VII, in June, 1809, On his arrivol io the United Stases, he pre- ented his cdentials t- our government at Washington, but ue camet of Mr. Madirou refused to recoguizs nia, as the crowiof Spain was then in dispute pet weea Ferdi- mand VIL. ad Joseph Bousvarte. Doa Luis de Onis ‘heretore octinued in this country, without osing recog: nized, for si years, viz., uptil December, 1815, waee he was reteive wud recoguized by virtue of mew crecen- tials, eifve@y Ferdinand VII. Whan te declaration of independence by the United Stes took place, in 1776, Spain was mis- tress of lif the continent of South America; she was o1¢ ofthe most powerful nations of Europe, not only fiom er own wealth, valuable colonies, and a numeus ad well-appointed army and navy, but in conseqiene of an intimate connection with France. The “ hmiy compact” adopted by the treaty of Paris of 176, a alliance between all the Prinves of the House of Bourbon, more especially the crowns of Frane andSpain, still existed. By that instru- ment thos two powers mutually guaranteed their State and possessions, and assumed, as the basis of their alliance, the diplomatic maxim, “fe who attacks one crowa attacks the other.’ All the American possessions of Spain werdien entire—she enjoyed an active, ex- tensive, anfucrative commerce, and was as deter- mined an emy of England as France herself. After armgements had been made by the Conti- nental Confess to obtain the assistance of France, one, of thinext subjects of attention was Spain. As early aPecember, 1776, it was resolved to send Commissi¢rs to that country, and in the early part of 1777, DiFranklin was appointed the first envoy to Spain, ugh he never went to that court; but, while in 'rance, he addressed a letter to the Count d’randa, at that time the Spanish Minister {| the French court. In this letter, dated in Aril, 1777, Franklin informs the Spanish minister tht Congress, in December, 1776, had re- solved, “ dat if his Catholic Majesty will join with the Usite(States in a war against Great Britain, they vill sist in reducing to the possessioa of Spain the twnjad harbor ot Pensacola, provided the inhabitant of the United States shali have the free navijatiopt the Mis-issippi, and the use of the har- bor of Pasacola;”’ also that Congress would assist Spait an France in the conquest of the English West Indi islands. Spin owed great reluctance to take a part in the wardeclared by France against England, in 177; anj the measures adopted by France to induce herto thistep were at first received with coolness. Spin, faigued by her former contests, though then of recat date, and holding, herself, extensive an valuble colonies, did not view the struggles ofthe Americans against Great Britain with enre omplacency. Pownal, an English writer ofhat riod, prophecied with remarkable exact- né, thetime and manner of the emancipation of fanish America; and though the Spanish govern ent might have had little faith in such predictions, | could not have been ignorant that the example f the British North American colonies would have = attended with peruicious consequences to other Juropean nations holding foreign possessions. rance exceedingly desired the assistance of Spain jn the war into which she was about to enter, par- icularly as the navies of the two kingdoms were, nited, greatly superior to that of Eoyiand at that me. The K'rench king (Louis XVI.,) even wrote, the beginning of the year 1778, letters in his own and to his Catholic Majesty, urging him to eater ato the coalition against England. ‘Theanswer of the King of Spaia, Charles IIT., as extremely co'd and circumspect. He was natu- ly «f a pacific turn, then much advanced in life,and not disposed to distarb the remainucy ot his day: by a destructive war. Determined to avoid hostilites, he despatched instractious to his minister at Londn to ster the mediation of his court. This and thre other plans proposed by Spain successively failed. England could not forgive France for her interferace in the affairs of North America, and resolute rejected all attempts at negotiation. In June, 17), the Spanish Minister withdrew trom the English purt, aud England having already commit- ted acts{ violence on the Spanish dominions, his Cutholiclajesty could no longer avoid the obliga- tion of th treaty establishing the family compact. War we acourdingly declared between Spain Franklin having declined the mission to Spain, Arthur Lee, of Virginia, was appointed by the Oon- tinental Congress Commiasioner to Madrid. The appointment was useless, as Lee was stopped at Burgos, in 1777, by an agent of the Spanish govern- ment; a small sum of money was promised for military stores shipped from Bilboa; but Lee was not allowed to proceed to Madrid. In September, 1779, John Jay, of New York, was appointed by Congress Minister to Spain. He went to Madrid in 1780, and remained there until the spring of 1782. Although Mr. Jay did not succeed in making a treaty, or obtaining the expected subsidies or assist. ance from the Spanish court, he was accredited in the usual official forms, and the United States derived from that circumstance the advantage of having their independence acknowledged by another of the most powerful nations of Europe. Spain was not willing to accede te the alliance between France and the United States, for she felt apprehensive, un- doubtedly, for her possessions in Florida and Louisi- ana. She obvivusly anticipated many of the difficul- ties that afterwards arose, and refused to grant to the United States the free navigation of the Mississippi, or to estableh that river as the western boundary of the United States. During Mr. Jay’s negotiations at Madrid, Spain had no minister or representative in the United States. Mr. Jay left that court in 1782; Mr. Wil- liam Carmichael, who had been Secretary of Lega tion, remaining at Madrid as Charge d’Affhires, In July, 1785, Spanish Charge d’Affuires, Don Diego Garde qui, was received and accredited by the Conti- nental Congress. Upon the arrival of Gardoqui at Philadelphia, the negotiation was transferred to this country, and Mr. Jay, then Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, was authorized by Congress to treat respecting the boundaries between the United States and the Spanish dominions. The subject was beset with mapy diffichltics, and remained in the hands of the Secretary of State till the dissolution of the Con- gress of the Confederation in 179, and the organi- zation of the United States goverument under the constitution. After many delays and attempts at negotiation by American commissioners sent to Madrid, Mr. ‘Thomas Pinckney, of South Carolina, was appointed Envoy Extraordinary to Spain, in November, 1794, and arrived in Madrid in 1795. He was sent froin Londcn asa special minister to Spain, with instruc- tions from President Washington to propose a set- tlement. Spain finally made a sacrifice of the limits and the Mississippi, but it was done with the utmost reluctance. It was not till October, 1795, that the treaty was signed. Though Spain had no doubt determined to make the sacritice in the last extremity, so much delay was ayain resorted to, that Mr. Pinckney demanded his passports to return to England, where he had been acting as the American minister. This was properly a treaty only of limits and navigation, for it did not contain any commer- cial regulations. The boundaries both to the South and the West were fixed agrecably to the demands of the United States. It is usually called the treaty of San Lorenzo el Real. Every step of the negotiations of this country with Spain has been marked with delays and difficulties. It was fifteen years before Spain would consent to define in a treaty the legitimate limits of the United States, and yet the only boundary that could reason- ably give rige to contioversy, the southern boundary of Georgia, was a very slight obstacle to the termina- tion of the negotiation. After all, this boundary was not drawn, nor the Spanish troops witudrawa, tili 1798, three years after the signature of the treaty of San Lorenxo el Real. : Spain was exceedingly opposed to the cession of Louisiana by France to the United States in 1803, and showed great reluctance to evacuate the terri- tory, which bad been ceded by Spain to France in 1800, by a secret treaty, the Spanish authorities con- tinuing in possession of Louisiana until 1803. In the outset, a formal protest was made by the Spanish court against tle transfer to the United States, Lut they were induced in the end to withdraw it, au@ to give consent to the convention of April, 1803, between France and the United States. The very news of the treusfer of Louisiana to the United States at tirst awakened not only sur- price, but even indignation in Spain. Spain did not, as it was, yield the whole province without an angry and protracted discussion, which had nearly involved the two countries in 2 war. Indeed, taken in connection with the suspension of the right of deposit at New Orleans, and the depredations on oar commerce, a committee of the flouse of Represen- tatives in Congress, reported, in January, 1806, that there was ample cause for a declaration of war with Spain. : dhe difficulties this country has had with Spain respecting boundaries and territories, have been, in- deed, remarkable. We may attribute this circum- stance in sume degree to the ignorance generally existing respecting the countries in description, they uever having been surveyed at the time of the various treaties. The discussion re- specting the portion of West Florida west of the river Perdido began between the two governments at the time of the cession of Louisiana, in 1803, and was not concluded till 1810, when the Bourbon royal family in Spain having been dethroned, the United States government deemed it impradent longer to delay enforcing their right. Possession was accordingly taken of that territory by Governor Claiborne, of Louisiana, in 1810, by order of Presi- dent Madison. The negotiations concerning the eastern as well as the western boundaries of Louisi- ana, were not only tedious and vexatious, but ex- cecdingly intricate. After various delays in the negotiations, these matters were finully settled by the treaty signed by Jobn Quincy Adams, Secretary of State, and Don Luis de Onis, the Spanish Minister, at Washington, February 22, 1819, which treaty was after- wards ratified by the Spanish government. By this treaty, also, Florida was ceded to the United States by Spain as an indemnity for spoliations on Ameri- can commerce by French privateers either within Spanish jurisdiction or condemucd in Spanish ports by E'rench consuls. The United States had no minister in Spain during | the troubles in that country, after 1807. The inter. course was renewed again in 1814 by the appoint- ment of George W. Erving, of Massachusetts, ag Minister Plenipotentiary. The negotiations which resulted in the cession of Florida, in 1819, were conducted with great ability by Mr. Adams, Secretary of State, and Don Onis, the Spanish Minister. Since that period our relations witb Spain have been of but little interest, except the communications which have passed between the two governments respecting Cuba, the particulars of which were some time since published in the Henaxp, in the documents transmitted by Presideut Fillmore to Congress in July, 1852. ‘Talk on ’Change, The news recetved by the Frankiin produced conside rable excitemant among dealers in breadstuffs. Common brands of State flour eloved at $537, which was fully 25 cents per barrel higher than the prises of the previons day, Nearly every other description of flour also ex yerienced eoae advance. Holders of State flour acked $5 44 a $6.50, but buyers did not go above 84 West ern white wheat sold at $1 33, which was au advance of three cents per bnehel. Some holders demanded $1 35 and $i 86, There was more doing in mesa pork, with sales at $16 62. Cotton continued dull, with sales of only 300 bales at aorettled prioss, Freighis again im and Erland. Spain was probably uced to join thj league, from the expectation she had of recofring her lost possessions in the former war wh England, Immediately after the rap- iure if1779, a Spanish force took possession of Batd Rouge, on the Mississippi, and finally conque@l from England the whole of West Florida. The dedration of war, in June, 1779, was made in vouseqtgce of & convention concluded with France un the feceding April. The independen:e of the hirteer{United States was, however, not acknow edged |that instrament, though by the treaty be- wween Hance and the United States, Spain was en- titled tdecede to the alliance whenever she thought fit, and | have the Lenesit of all the stipulations, proved to Liverpool and London. The complexion of the foreign news, as fac as war wa concerned, had not altered the aspect of the cose. Many covtinued to argue that there would be no war, unless the Emperor's troops wert beyond the Dacubian prov- inces, from @ supposition thst France and Bogland, io esse he haled betwoen the Pruth and the Dauabyy would not make the movecsent a carus belli, the lenden Times eving intimated as much, Odes #a, to the orth of the Pruth, on the Black Soa, waa the chief grain mart; ond heros so loogas it remiined open with the Derdanelins, the exportation of wheat wOuld not be imterrnpiod, The poseibility of an iater- ruption to wade in the Bluek Sea, at aoy moment, with usfarciahie prospecie fur o ops ou Lhe Courinens, wars the eeumetsocwe mich bad producti the advaace ta | England. Shouli the proopeet of wer subside, citenient in brégMstulfy, tos great extent, would subside with it. The results of tve Europa’s news was mew looked for with incre-red iatersat. ‘We were favored yest-rday with two interesting docu-~ mente, viz, with the logs of the Sovervign of the Seas, Captain McKay, and of the Royal mail steamship " on their late outward passage to Liverpool. Frem an examination of (hese logs, which we will pudlish to-mor- Tow, it is to be reea that the clipper ship Sovereign, in five days sailing, gained 325 miles on the steamer. Ia se endays of the clipper’s voyage she msde the follow— ing distances:—June 24, 244 miles; 26th, 199 do ; 26th, 207 do ; 27th, 255 do.; 28th, 344 do.; 23th 23 do.; 30xb, 340 miles. ‘The result by her log shows that the Sovereign made the voyage in thirteen days and nineteea hoars, which was stated to be the quickest tripon resrd. The pre- vious quickest voyage. hence to Liverpool, was made by the packet ship Independence, Capt. Ezra Nye, now of the steamship Pacific, about ten years since, in fourteen days and six hours. A Scotch merchant handed us a statement whish went to show thats farm iu East Lothian, Scotland, which. rented on a life lease, abont half a ceatury ago, at £2 per acre, was rented recently (June, 1853.) for nineteen years, about £3 184. per acre—a rise of over three. hundred per cent—showing the advance made in landed: property in that country, in spite of free trade laws, from the effeots of whic» such dire evils wore predicted, and espectéitly to the farming interest. Arrival of the Steamship Cherokee. ‘The ateam+hip Cherokee, Capt. Baxter, arrived yesterday morning from New Orleans via Havana, with 130 passen- gers and merchandise, She left the latter place on the 14th inst., bringing two days later news from Cuba. The U 8. ship Aibany arrived at Havana on the 18th inst., from St. Jago. Allon board exoeedingly healthy. Ovr thanks sre due tothe purser of the Cherokee for: ate Havana papers, DREADFUL EXPLOSION OF A STEAM BOILER, At the Founosy of J. R. Pratt, in Attorney stseet=The Engineer and several Work~ men Badly Scaideo. At about one o’slock yesterday afternoon a steam boiler in the iron foundry of J. R. Pratt, situated at Nos. €0 and 62 Attorney street exploded with grest violence, blowing out the rear end wall of the basement buikling” leading into Ridge street, spreading the brisks and frag- ments of iron in every direction, injuring ceveral persons, two or tree of whom will, in all probability, die from the injury turtained by the seslding steam. It appears that just at one o'clock, as the work. men were about renewing their labors after dinner, Mr. Thomas Service, the acting engineer snd foremam of the ertablixhment, set the engine in motion, when the explsion took place. Great cousterna- tion was manifested by the workmen axd persone in the immediate vicini*y, as it was believed that many lives were lost, Captain Russell, of the Thir- teenth ward police, prompt as he ever is on such occa sions, eummored ferthwiih a platoon of his men, and pro ceeded to the rcene of the calamity, and rendered all the assistance possiole. The injured were brought to the sta- sfou house, Dr. Tully. of Broome street, avd other physi- cians, were present, who gave their immediate attention, and applied the proper relief, to the unfortunate sufferers. The steam boiler was located in the basement of the shop, sbout the centre of the block, betweea A'tormey ard Ridge streets, extending through to Ridge street, an& when it burst, it took almoxt @ horizontal directicn, tending upwards, destroying s portion of the brick wal? and scattering the fragments into Ridge streat. A Mr. Th mas Riley, who wes seated at the coor of his gro- cery store, No 88 Ridge street, received very se- rious injury sbout the face and head trom the bricks and pleces of fron blown from the foundry by the explosion, Mr. Riley was conveyed to the Horpital for surgice] ettendance, The engineer, Mr. Service, was knocked down by the concussion, and received revere scalds on the face, breast. and bands, which it is feared will prove fa'al, The fyl- lowirg is @ list of the irjared:-— Thomas Service, engineer, resides at No, 92 avenue B, Very severely scalded about the face, breast aud hands. Doubts of his recovery. David Barry, eorkmsn, resides at No. 188 Hsater street. Badly scalded about the face and hands. Thomas Kerrigan, a boy 17 years of age. resites at Nos 225 Stanton strest. Very badly scalded xbout the body, face and bangs. William Riley, keeps grocery store a: No 98 Ridge street. Badly injured by the fragments of brisk and iron. blown from the explosion. He wae sitting at his store door at the time of the accident. Pieces of iron from the boiler were foun’ blown over two hundred feet ‘rom the explosion, A pieco weighing near two pounds went through awindow ixtoa room in Ridge street, parsing close by the head of shoemaker who sat there at work, causing, as reaounably to sup- pore. inueh alarm fo: his safely, He immediately left the: window, The explosion is said to hsve been oinsed through Want of sufficient water in the boiler. ifr, Doane, a prac- tleslergizeer, residing at 420 Grand street. examined the boiler after the explosion, and gives as nis opinion that the explosion was the result of want o° water in the boiler. ANOTHER ACCOUNT—THE LATEST PARTICULARS. Yesterday afternooa about one o’elock, shortly after the return from dinzer of the workrara employed at Pratt’s Iron Foundry, an explosion of the factory boiler took p'ace, by which several of the employes, ineludiag the foreman of the e:tablishment, were severely sealded, end one man, whileentering his home in Ridze street, op~ porite to toe rear of the foundry, was, it ia supposed, fa- tally wounced. The promises in which ihis dreadful catastrophe occurred are situated between Broome aad Deanney streets, extending from Attorney street, where is the office entrance. to Ridge streetin ths rear. The establicbment ia rather exteasive, employing a considera~ bie number of workmen, and ita business iy confined to the manufveture of ircn cartirgr, such ay columns, gird- ers, &e. The exgine Louse, where the scvident occurred, is situated on one side, abont midway of the building, and is reparated from the other workshops by substantial brick walls. At the time when the sezidest eecurred the men had not yet commenced work, bat were incide, It beiog customary to ring the bell a few minutes previous to the hour, The sngine had not get been rtarted, nor, indeed, had it deen in oper- ation during that day atall, as its aid is not constantly required in places of this description. Ths fire was lighted at eleven o’clcck in the morning, and conrequent- ly a Jaxge amount of steam must have beon generated uring the interveuirg period, Suddenly the mouldera and otber workmen employed in the establi, hmont were ustounded by bea: ing a whizzing sound, thut resembled» to use the words of # person present, “the noke of a shbirlwind.” Instantly the plece was filled vita steam, which cbsenred everytuing wilh @ dense mict, and the at- fiighted workwen were for a moment bswidered. Es- % shop by the rewr into Ridge 8 the windows wers strongly barred, and egress at she other ond was for » time im- possible on acoount of the rapid gushing ia cf the un confined eteum. By this time the alarm ba! ben raised, und & body of police. assivted by the firemn, who hid Lastened to the epot, ramile the best of the'r wy into the interior of the buil@eg. Hore a dyes iful sight presented itself, That pirt of the boiler which had proved too weak for the pressure of the steam had been rent and doubled back like a shes; of card- board, the epgins house was a mags of ruios, and the brick work in front and around the aides of the boiler had been hurled down, and lay scattered abont the grourd in all directions, So great had been the force of the escaped steam that an iron platform some height over the boilers and which weighed nearly a ton, was torn from the wells and hurled to the other end of the engive house, Here the opposite wall, which from its porition had to endure the first brunt of the explosioa, wax torn doxn hy the tremendous force of ths excaped m. The foreman, who happened unfortuaately to be nranding close to this wall, inside the engice house, re- evived, in conmequence, the first shock of the steam and water, and on entering the place was found lying down severely sealced, The only woudor in that he is yet alive, Ills nate in Thorase Service, and besides acting ay fore- t wan of the foundry ne likewire was enginesr. He was taken up severely scalded about tho arme and body, ag Well ag about the face ond heed, and coaveyed to his reai- dene tn aver ed man. On the otber vide of the iguous shop. were three 4, dividuals, who were likewine bad~ ly hurt The man wemed David "Barry, was « laborer belorgirg to the ples, and is siorely realded. married m ws, wNd wae conveyed to the City hey The rames of the boys are » was badly sonided and likewive cut William Cronoy, who was also dadly veyed home ta ‘asic residenees. 1 4s also reported tha # man known by the name of Jemmy, who acted as ‘iceman, war preant at the time of toe necident, and if so he must have been buried in the ruins, for we could obtain no o#rtain acevunt rospectiag him, wnd therefore the iv partty conjectural. Ta addi- fon to toe above, a mun named Kiley, who resided oppo- Hite, to the ronr of the foundry, in Ridge street, wns struck by sme of the Brinks and fracrente of matel that ware pureed through the roof of the foundry into tee adjoiatug thevet, and is ie fomed femliy wouuded, [le wae at tae scaloed