The New York Herald Newspaper, July 4, 1853, Page 6

» (Wor ester Mass., rear (aren on Eom Fitchl wrg—Origin of the Place—John Fitch—His ‘Reverse:—Revo'utionary Times—The Amount of Money Furnished by the Town for the Support of the War—The Slow Growth of the Town Until 1840—Ks Rapid Increase During the Last Twelve Years—Va'we and Descriptions of Property-— ‘The Bostom and Fitchbwrg Railroad— Mr. Crocker —His Success in the Construction and Manage ment of the Road—The Decline of the Corpora- tion's Profits—Mismanagement of its Affsirs— Railroads above Fitchburg—Losses of Many Who have been Concerned im Them—The Speculators Speewlated on— Agricultural Productions, §c. The town of Fitchburg is some fifty miles from Boston, by the celebrated railroad of the same name, of which so much has been said of late years, and the first success of which has been the cause of the Construction of so many other roads that have proved to be, in the way of engulfing fortuaes, veritable Serbonian bogs, though highly nseful to that class of people known as the travelling public. This road monst be the way to “dusty death,” spoken of by the | late William Sbakspeare. poct and player, and poacher; for there is hardly a mile of it that is not oarsed with clouds of miaute sand, so that you can ride through a sort of Suhara, and that without the fear of falling into the hands of auybody but the di- rectors, who, however, wre quite bad enough for an ordinary man's taste. No uttempt bas been made to introduce into the road auy of those useful iaventions which, on some others, have beea found so excellent , in abating the dry, and choking, and vision destroy- ing nuisance that forms so great u drawback to the felicities of railway travelling; the excuse for which, I presume, is to be found in the fuct, that a company whose dividends have fallen, iu half a dozea years, from ten per cent to six per cent, cannot indulge the travellers by itin luxuries. To all who can reach the place by other routes, 1 would recommend a “total abstinence” from travelling here by the Boston road, for though the train officers are excelleut, the dis- comforts from dust are but one remove from the ab- solutely intolerable. The State of Massachusetts contains not a few names of counties, cities, towns, streets, &c., taken from the revolutionary dyuasties and whig states- men of England, indicuting what was the dominant | political sentiment in the old times. Among these is Lunenburg, a town in Worcester county, which was incorporated in 1728. It was named froma ducal title belonging to the then reigning sovereign of Great Britain, George II., the second of the Hano- verian line. With characteristic ingenuity, the name ‘was erroneously spelt in the first instance, and there has since been no correction of it. It should have been Limeburg, the second n being a cleaMsuperilu- | ity. But, then, Yankees are not remarkable for their | respect for the orthography of proper names, in- geniously contriving to make the good bad, and the bad worse. The township of which Lunenburg formed a portion was set off in 1719, and contained that town, and what is now Fitchburg, and a part of the present town of Ashby, in Middlesex county. The place was then known by the not-over-elegant name of Turkey Hills; but what was wanting in ele- gance was made up in pertivence, for turkeys were very abundant on the hills. But one man was then resident in the place with his family. Settlers | gradually came in, and the year 1724 saw the town receive a corporate existence. In 1731, when Wor- | cester county was creaied, Luneaburg formed a part of it. The settlement was a border one, and the | people had a good deal of trouble with the Indians, whose depraved taste for scalps and ram made them | {ntolerable nuisances to Christians, who contented | Shemselygs with simple rum. Stories are told of the | depredations and attacks of the Ladians, which are | Very interesting, but which I caanot stop to relate. The town of Fitchburg was set off from Lunenberg and incorporated early in 1754. The whole number of inhabitants was about 250,a rather small figure on which to commence town-keeping. It is a curions fact, and illustrates the uncertainty of history, that it ia not known from whom tie place ws named. Some | say that it was called after Colonel Timothy Fitch, a Boston merchant, and who was a large landholder in the new town; but others declare that its godfather was John Fitch, a noted character of tho-e times, and who, were he now living, would be justly entitled to the appellation of a “regular bric! If “respec- tability” were alone to be considered, I should stand up for the claims of Timothy, but other matters lead | me to cast the weicht of my authority into the scale | of John. He was an Indian fighter, and was seized by the savages and carried to Montreal with his family. He returned, became wealthy, then fell back to poverty, and at the patriarchal age of 105 years, died in that patriarchal institution, the alm+ house at Ashby. ‘There was enough of mutability in | his life te have made hima hero of romance. He | had served the piace in the irresponsible office of “hog reeve,” and was employed to burn the woods, but it does not appear that he wis ever employed to set Nashua river on fire. Mrs. Fitch, his wife, once un- dertook to make candles by the rather novel process of placing a lot of tallow and a quantity of wicking ina kett’e, which she hang over a fire, stirring up “the ingredients,” and wondering that the “ candles didn't come.” The inhabitants of Fitchburg were very pious. | They bad a committee to ferret out every one who | did not “go to meeting,” and fined each deliaqvent: A Mr. Baldwin having been thas punished, at that | part of the town which is called Old City, he cursed the place and named it Sodom, and it issaid that the oure and the name long continned. | In the Revolution, Fitchburg was very forward on | Jhe richt side. Nota tory was ullowed to open his jpouth, and people who were cold in the cause of Sberty were ziven to understand that they would be | armed up with tar aud feathers which mode of ar- yumentation was found to be very acious, and to tdd to the power of the whi the historian, “bad to walk shelter themselves from ebvullition 1 ton of popular nt the head | ing. They were eve of a barrel, and in t! as, thopgh humbling condition, promise to the assembled m ty of the | town a grester love fer the American cause, aod a more strict obedience to the will of the people.” There was even a sort of regular inguisitor appoint ed, whose duty it was to precure and lay bere a special court “the evidence that may be bad of the inimical disposition towards ths or any of the United States of any inhabitant of this town who shall be charged by the ireeholders and other iahabitants of seid town.” The de‘ence of t stringent mode of action is to be found in the nove { the case, for the tories were more numerous is generally sup- poeed to have been the fact, avd the lukewarm, who were ready to go witl the hauginun, w! his skill was employed on wh or tories, still more abundant. The people of tuat day w y far from being unanimeus ia support of the revolu- did mich reat deal tly in w thousand town, in the food, Doring the war, the people gf this pia towards supportug t, and sulfered a From fifteen to twenty & the field, which cost the pe dollars, In its corporate iod of five years, paid Clothing, and meu for the aray then contained but a few bundred aud only about seventy or eivlty voters. f° starved their miniter, wich is the f of the straits to which they were reduced; hey did their proportion avd aire towa fi the war. ‘Truly has is been raid that ‘to | q@hat the Revolotioary war cost this country me search minutely inte the ui tory of each t We there may see whut diificulties were encounte and what sacrifices were made To add So the badaitips of the t tue smail-pox broke pot here, and was then a ource oF me more alurta than it now is. After the wor, the grevter part of hhe people were “ Shagsites,’ and driven to the very of rebellion by the tyrauuy of creditors and at of the courts. A company of «oldiers was i to keep up the attachment of the peo @ rather aopleasaot tae of was no sense or decency which Gov. Bowdoin was chief; but a4 son as he was kicked oat of power, things bean to Change, and onder the wise and volent gotion of Gov. Hancock, peace aud pr) rapidly restored. B it Missachosetts w it. in the pariy In 1840, seventy-six years after commencement of its corporate existence, 2,570 inhabitants. Shortly after that it commenced that rapid increase which made it one of the most moted places in Worcester county, with a rank second only to that of Worcester'city. In 1850, the was 5,009, and the lowest estimate makes Pl ot its inhabitants 6,500, while, by most,it is put down at 7,000. In 1850, the number of dwelling houses was 711, which has since been greatly increased; of shops, 92; of warehouses and stores, 47; of barns, 406; and of all other bg aie yalue of twenty dollars and upwards, 78. The amount of money at interest was $218,692; value of bank and insurance stock, $76,820; shares in bridges, canals, tarnpikes and railroads, $44,139 ; amount of every person's stock in trade, $215,692. Considerable additions must be made to these several items, in order to get a close approximation to the present condition of | the town, which, for the last three years, has grown with amazing rapidity. The chief cause of the change of the character of Fitchburg is to be found in the construction of railroads, whereby she has obtained prompt, cheap and quick access to many markets for the sale of the results of her manufacturing industry, her facilities for manufacturing being very great. [t is about eleven years ago that the Boston and Fitch- burg Railroad was commenced. The grant of a charter for the construction of this railroad met with vehement opposition from otber railroad companies, allof which seem to think that they are bound to bavea monopoly throughout the whole country. The opposition was even ferocious in its character, and would have proved successful but for what may be called the heroical exertions of Mr. Crocker, of Fitchburg, which turned the scale in favor of the new enterprise. It was even a more difficult task to get the stock taken, and along the whole line there was but little confidence in the success of the undertaking; yet in 1845, just after the completion of the road, its Stock sold at $130, and was difficult to be had at even that price, and its dividends were ten per cent per annum, for some time. This was under the presi- dency of Mr. Crocker; but when that gentleman re- tired’ from the management of the company’s affairs, achange soon commenced, and there is no saying where it will stop, ithas been so very steady, and so exceedingly sure. The dividends are now but six er cent, with what is called a steady downward ten- lency, and that person would be looked upon as an idiot, cr an incurable madman, who should be de- tected in giving above $90 per share for stock in the crazy concern. This is the result of bad manage- meut—for the sources of great profits are far more abundant now than they were eight years ago— making directors of men who attend to their duties in no other way except to pass themselves and fami- lies gratuitously over the road; and in looking for financial skill and business capacity ina large tax billand a big belly. Fitchburg has nothing to do with this mismanagement, which is as odious to her as it is to every other place having any connection with the road. It would have been better for all concerned, were she at the head of the company. The host of railroads above Fitchburg, in various directions, have proved as beneficial to this town and to the travelling and business public generally, as they have been destructive to the fortunes of prett: much all who had anything to do with them in their early days. The success of the Fitchburg road, the mere idea of which was laughed at by the whole monied world, and considered to be a very ae deceived people; because the one undertaking had succeeded, the others were pronounced to be splendid opportunities for investments for loose capital—which certainly did run away very swiftly, after it had paid over to e:ther of these jobs. Great fortunes ; were reduced to skeletons, competencies became ia- competent to support their smallest share-holders were made poorer still, because people had faJlen into that most common of all com- mon-place blunders, the mistaking the reverse of wrong tor right. Yet nothing can be clearer than at the outset, these undertakings were perfectly | honest in their character. They did not become “jobs” until it was demonstrated that somebody was to be cheated and swindled, and each “big fish’’ was ceemiaee that it should not be himself, and pre- pated to appear in the character of shark. But this eating process, when voraciously entered upon, is sometimes very injurious to people. It was so in the present case, and the sharks were themselves hocked out of the sea of speculation in not a few in- | stances, instead of pulling others into it for their own especial cating. The sympathy that they have re- ceived has all been thrown away, for it was a mere question of eating or being eaten. As the poet says: ‘peak not of niceness when there's chance for wreck,’ | The captain said, as ladies writbed their neck To see the cying dolphin flap the deck. “If wo go down on us they gently +up; We dine upon them if we Laul them up. Wise meo wopliud us when we eat the caters, As the devil laughs when keen foiks cheat the cheatera.”” Besides the road to Boston, which connects with | many other roads, and the Vermont and Massachu- | setts road, which connects with the roads above, there | is arailroad from Fitchburg to Sterling, where it falls into the Nashua and Worcester road. The facilities for travel and transportation are very great, and such as few towns possess. The manufacturing business of Fitchburg is so ex- tensive and so various in its character, that I must devote a sevarate letter to an account of it. Of its agriculture but little need be said, for it does not profess to be a ce apn 9 or though even in that mode ot industry it is dian corn it raised 10,383 bushels in 1350, showing an increase of more than 3,000 bushels since 1345; oats, 4,363 bushels, being an increase of L, bushels; wheat, 791 bushels, being a fulling off of 277 bushels; rye, 1,653 bushels, the decrease beiug 241 bushels; barley, 1,307 bushels, which shows a small decrease in five years; tons of hay, 3,175, an increase of 227 tons; pounds of hops, 1.900, which is not ma- terially different from the amouht in 1845. The number of bushels of potatves was abont 20,000 in 150. Fruit is abundantly produced. cheese and honey are sold in considerable quantities, and so are vegetables of various kinds. The acres of meadow land are ; of pasturage, 6,014; woodlan ; of unimproved land, 2,441; of lan covered water, 186. The number of horses owned here is above 400; of oxen, about 250; of | cows, over 700; of steers and heifers, above 400; and | there are some sheep and swine, though the number | of either is not large. Many thousand cords of wood are annually disposed of. Cuarres Le Caavve. Essex Covnty, June 28, 1853. Essex County—Its Population and Property, and their Increase since 1840—Descriptions of Pro- perty—Character and Variety of the Soil—Agri- cwtural Productions—The Endicott Pear Tvee— Manufactwres—Cotton Fabrics —Cordage—Mis- celloncous Manufactures—Shipping—The Fish- ing Interest—Ship Builling—Its Antiquiiy— Iee—History of Essex—-The Witchcraft De- lusion of 1692—Witches Still Numerous in the County— Political Character of the Coun- ty—“The Essex Junto”—Mr. Cabot—Colonel Pickering—Leverett Saltonstall—The Saltonstall Family—The Eccentricitees of Essex Genius— The Men of the Cownty—Mr. Hawthorne, Mr. Choate, Mr. Perkins, Mr. Little, Mr. Gerry, Judge Story, Generel Cushing, Jim Lowell, the Greys, Mr. Silsbee, Lord Tumothy Dexter, the Webster and Woodbury Famihes, §e., &¢, &c. Essex is the oldest county in Massachusetts | proper- dating from the time that setilements were first formed in it—uwnless we mnake an exception in favor of Norfolk, where Mount Wollaston was settled as carly ae 10: It ix a fine country, and is thickly peopled. In 1250 the population was 127,170, show- | ing en increase of more than 3 ra, It contuins thirty-one towns, the largest being Salem which had, three years since, 18,94) inhabitanta, and the smullest Middleton, with $16. In this county are tle flourishing cities of Lynn and Lawrence— | the former famons for its manafacture of boots and shoes; and the latter fast rising to eminence in ma- nifacturing, after the manner of Lowell, though it has had a corporate existence but six years.” The value of property in 1850 w: an increase of upwards of 5,000,000 on the velu- ation of 1:40. The ast place is Salem, with $15,454,738 70; the next, Luwrence, with $5,90: the third, Newbaryport, L ; the fonrtk, Lyon, with $4,118,989 49. Andover, Danvers, Gloucester, Haveruill, Marble. head, and Beverly come next in order. All the towns have increased the value of their property in t years. The amount of stock heid in banks and insurence companies was $4,518,658; of other share | property, $924,363; of Uuited States securities $56,590; of money at interest, ¢ M47; of stort in | tiade of all kinds, $5,223 of ounces of plate ; number of dwelling houses, 15,943 ; of barns. 7,157; all other buildings of the value of twenty dollars and upwards, 7,157, but not including milla of any kind. The superficial feet of whart we 2,540,766. Eseex is a somewhat rocky county, and its soil is buequal. I% has many fine harbors, and the sea shore is commanding and beautifal, having more | } flan one place of historical interest. Its moadow- land of all kinds is put down at 29,405 acres, of viieh move than half is salt marsh ; of pastarag laud, Gdjioe 5) Oe dinuaproved lisud, resent number | joke, | possessors, aud even the | ighly respectable. Of In- | Milk, butter, ! 56,466 89, being | h of Fitchburg was, for several years, 26,536; of unimprovable, 6,181; of land covered , With water, 18,814 ; of land used for roads, 6,969. | The number of horses, 6,971; of oxen four years old and upwards, 4,686 ; of cows three years old-and up. wards, 12,892 ; steers and heifers one year eld and upwards, 2,663 ; sheep six months old and upwards, 1,874; swine six months old and upwards, 7,162; mules and asses one year old and upwards, 18. These bo pty exhibit the state of things toward the close the year 1850, and they, allowing for in- erease in ce! cases, a tolerably accurate icture of the existing condition of affairs. There as been, no doubt, a fuir increase in agricultu- ral industry and articles, but not so large as iu manufacturing industry and productions. Exact correctness, up to the very hour that we may be writing, is, humanly speaking, altogether | unattainable. Of leading agricultural articles, the productions of Esrex, were as follows in 1850:—Indian corn, 163,091 bushels; oats, 54,153; aR’ 20,462; barley, 10,160; wheat, 1,993; hay, 61, tons; potatoes, (about) 700,000 bushels; fruit, (about) 600,000 bushels; but- ter, (about) 700,000 pounds; cheese, (about) 200.000 pounds. Beside these, there are raised in the coun- ty:—Hops, garden seeds, mustard, wool, milk, eggs, joultry, beef, pork, wood, cranberries, beans, honey, eswax, all kinds of esculents, garden vegetables, &e., &c. The fruit of Essex is not to be beaten ia Massachusetts, aud there is no exhibition hore that is complete without specimens from it. The genius of old Governor Endicott probably watches over this branch of farming, for the governor was fond of fruit, it should seem; and there is yet standing, and in tolerable preservation, a pear tree, planted by him in 1632, not less than 221 years ago. It isin whatis called Danversport, a part of the very fine and un- commonly prosperous town of Danvers. It was | brought over from England in 1632, and resembles a variety of the bon chrétien. It is, perhaps, the old- est fruit tree in the United States, unless there should be some exceptions in the early Spanish settlements in Florida, or in Virginia, which is not very likely to be the case. The Puritans were fond of good things, of a material kind, like pioas pesple in general; and they planted orchards and gardens in Massachusetts with the same Frocinetude that they created chvrches and pillories; and handled the spade with the same vigor that they wielded the cat-o'-nine-tails—that apt emblem of their idea of both physical and spiritual government. If ever you come this way, you must gather a few speci- mens of the fruit of the Endicott pear tree, for it is something to be able to say that one has eaten frait froma tree planted and nursed by those hands which cut the cross from the British flag, and showed such contempt for British supremacy, almost a cen- tury anda half before the battle of Lexington. To be ‘sure, any one can say so—but I mean with truth. The number of cotton factories in Essex, in 1850, | was fifteen, with 135,658 eoaeles and a capital of | $1,500,424. Six of the factories, about two-thirds of the capital, and almost one-half the spindles, were at Newburyport. Salem had then one factory, with | ted capital, and 32,768 spindles, Lawrence | ad two factories, with $376,320 capital, and 25,088 spindles. Methuen had two factories. Boxford, | Rockport, Ipswich, and Salisbury had one each. The number of woollen factories was twenty-two, | | and their value $1,229,000. Lawrence had three | | factories, valued at $456,000; Andover had seven | valued at $322,000. Amesbury two, valued at $182,000. Salisbursy two. vulued at $161,000. | | Danvers and Saugus had two each, but while | the capital was $70,000, that of the former was but $14,0 Hamilton, Haverhill, Ipswich, and Linn- field had one, each, their aggregate capital being | $24,000. There were two linen factories at An- dover, appraised at $125,000, and one at Groveland, ane at $12,000. There was a paper mill at iddleton, with a capital of $15,000;‘and a bleachery at Danvers, capital $60,000. Large quantities of cordage are made in Essex County in the towns of Beverley, Essex, Gloucester, | Lynn, Marblehead, Newbury, Newburyport, and Sa- | lem. There were, three years since, twenty-four rope | walks in operation, with a capital little short of | | $50,000. Marblehead is the principal seat of this business, having five manufactories, one of which | basa capital of $15,000. | Beside these businesses there are rolling mills, | copper, brass, and iron foundries, machine shops, &c. Of lesser articles made there are hats, caps, saddles, harness, trunks, vehicles of all kinda from railroad cars to children’s carriages, tin ware, combs, | boots and shoes by tens of thousands of pairs, leather, , | codfish oil, bricks, mechanics’ tools, potter's ware, | building stone, lumber, carriage springs and axle- trees, horse collars and winkers, carriage bows, cast- ing furnaces, pumps of every kind, chairs, barrels, cabinet ware, axes, bar iron, anchors, chain cables, britapnia ware, blacking, brooms, glue, shoe pegs, lasts, blinds and sashes, earthen ware, snuff, cigars, fish casks, timber, tacks and awls, musical instru- ments, upholstery work, stockings, chocolate, hinges, confectionary, tailors’ crayons, suits of oil ckth, chronometers, watches, gold and_ silver ware, shoe thread, jewelry, twine, straw bonnets, | and hats, palm-leaf hats, domestic cloth, isinglass, stoves, agriculturalimplements, &c., &c. | Of brewers there are 3, distilleries 4, tanneries 136, grist mills 54, fulling mills 17, and 52 saw mills. | There are also mills for the grinding of spice, cocoa, chocolate and coffee, and for wool picking. There | are lead manufactories, establishments for chemical | Need ete oe for the preparation of gums (this last | fact 1 put down for the especial benefit of politi- | cians), and forthe manufacture of paper hangings. Seamen's bats are made in some places, aud in | others books are bound. Everybody is employed in some way, and so everybody manages to have a pret- | ty comfortable time of it. me people dig clams— | and Ipswich, Rowley, and Essex, have ermen of | the kind, if | may so call them, worthy to preside | over the best “ clam bake” that ever was got up, in or out of Rhode Island, which is the clam State. | Others catch lobsters. Yet others gather sea-drift | and mud for manure. In some places they cure fish | that were caught by vessels belonging to other | places. Some people keep school, work on farms, | make shoes, write for the newspapers, and go to sea, | | (and would go a-missionary-ing if they were to re- | ceive “acall”) all inthe same year. Speaking of newspapers, there are many published in Essex | county—in Salem, in Haverhill, in Lynn, in Newbu- ryport, and in Gloucester, there are very good jour- | tale published, and the Boston papers circulate but the favorite | largely all_over the county; journal in Essex is the New Yorx Heraup. Essex is the third county in the State in the mat- | ping. In 1860, Suffolk had 300,304 tons, 591 tons, and Hssex 75,619 tons. The pre- ponderance of Bristol over Essex is due solely to tho | great whaling business of New Bedford, which port | alone had 66,927 tons in 1850, which has since been | increased. The oldest port of Massachusetts proper (Salem) is in this county, and used to be a place of great commercial importance—sending her ships to | | Afriea and South America, to China and India; but | all that is now changed, or most of it, and the an- tique town which whaling was dreamed of, has not much more than a third of the amonnt of tonnage that belongs to New Bedéord, that parvenue concern, which has ‘‘bobbed for whale’ to some purpose during the last thirty years. Newburyport comes next to Salem in ship- then Gloucester, then Beverley, then Marble- | head, Newbury, Rockport, aud Lynn. Much of this | shipping is employed in some branch of the fisheries. Gloucester alone having upwards of two huadred ves- sels engaged in that business. The fish taken aro c mackerel, bake and scale fish, halibut, had- pollock, and whales. So you see that the threat of that very excellent but rather crusty indi- vidual, Mr. John to treat usashe treated the | Dutch so long ago--to carry Limself toward our fish- | ermen, sir, as he did towards the herring catchers of Holland: joke of the very gravest kind, and one like to be ofa pre eminently ie oe character to all who shall be concerned in it. They used to say | that Amsterdam was founded on herring bones, so largely was the prosperity of that great mart due to the skill and enterprise of its people in one branch ad a name before American | | of fishing ; and certain it is that this county of Es- | sex hi drawn no small part of her ENteey from | i nat swims, | ghly-respect. which hangs from in the sea, catching everythi ts he | ’ Chamber of Massachu- | j e interesting type of our industry to | x than to those of any other ovanty— Repre-entati table alone, perhaps, excepted. | with New Bedford in her bosom, nnot take the crown from Essex ; for the whale is not a fish, not- | withstanding that he has so much to do with the ccesn. But of this it will be more proper to sp at length when we shall come to treat particu- | Jarly of the fizhing towns. | Shipbuilding is an importent branch of the indus- | ‘y o| the county, and has been so these two hundred yeare—aud more. In 1641, Hugh Peters, the Tamow: Puritan preacher, had a vessel of 300 tona | constructed at Salem. ‘There were regolar shi; boilutrg stations, more then 6 wndred and at Salem, Ipswich, and 5 et schoouer ever buitt in the Unit Cape Anne, in 1741, by C There is much work now done in build. Even Bristol, very }énd and description, trom the to the smallest boat. Employ- | pearpentors, sailmak 3, bers of several otuer branches of i Ty. ‘The history of Eseex is, perhaps, the most remark- le of any county in New England. Basex was | where the Maseachussett’s Puritans first landed. It aw the oldest Maseachnssetts places init. It e i ied for the maritime pursuits of its e always manifested a warlike dispo- itioularly a fondness for ocean warfare, D be got to the English in the war of d in that of 1812, in public cruisers he first act of resistance to the in Mase chusetts, tuok place in | bruary 26,1775, almost tro months before } of Lexington. ’ Tt was here that Mndicott cut the red ore fi lich standard, an act | from the F of daring more ry one deed of the re | Vululious deede ib Wad dined bie Cavemoruduey wilolir | | but removed to Boston. | ed from Essex | port. wyer, that at Andover, was discovered the most horrid crew of witches that ever di a New England town. It is just so there now, only that the witches are young women, and not old , and grace the town, instead of dis-gracing it. are of the true Lancashire breed. The whole of the proceedings of the autho- rities in the witchcraft business were such a3 would have disgraced a synod of devils. It is someth’ of a different kind that the first United States vessel ae was engaged in the India trade was from jalem. Essex is something of an ice-, ing courtty. It is here that is located Wenham Pond, in the town of the same name, which has given its name to Ame- rican ice in England. In 1850, the ice returned as ent for merchandise in Eseex county, was of the value of $55,000, of which $20,000 worth were from Wenham Pond, the rest being from Lynnfield and Andover. The same year the amount given as cut in Middlesex county was of the value of $154,000, and $6,000 worth from Pome All these re- turns were far below the truth. Essex was at one time the most important poli- tical locality in Massachusetts, the seat of pure, un- adulterated federalism. The famous ‘‘ Essex Junto” took its name’ from this county, where the weaith, the talents, the social position, and the energy of the leading federalists, made them the directors of their party. Some of the greatest tederalists here lived, and others were here born, but removed to Boston. Timothy Pickering—a revolutionary sol- dier, member of both branches of Congress, and the occupant of three Cabinet offices—the stiffest of | Hamiltonian federalists—was an Essex county man. George Cabot, a great federalist, was from Beverley, Leverett Saltonstall be- longed to one of the historical families of the county, which was founded by an Englieh knight in 1630, and has ever since been of consideration. It is said of the Sultonstalls, by that learned writer, Mr. Drake, “ That they opposed the persecutions in New Eng- land, in its early settlement; denounced, with becoming language, the proceedings against the Quakers, and set a worthy example in the witchcraft delusion.” Some of their number were tories in the Revolution. Leverett Saltonstall was a leading fed- | eralist, though buta young man in the latter years of | that party’s existence. After the extinction of the federal party, Essex ceased to be of so much moment in politics, and Worcester reigned in her stead. The county is now not far from being equally divided be- tween the whigs and their opponents. There bas always been a sort of eccentricity about this county, and it often acts in extremes. The witchcraft delusion is a case in point. The murders that have been here perpetrated, are of such a char- acter as would have charmed De Quincey’s connois- seur in that branch of the ‘fine arts,” old Toad-in- the-hole, who spoke with such praise of a dog that | murdered a rival “ with pleasing circumstances of gocd taste.” The assassination of Captain White, at Salem, in 1830, was the result of a plan, or rather series of plans,into which many crimes entered, and in which, not a few persons were concerned who were never punished. Although three Berson one by suicide, and the others by the hands of the execu- tioner—were sacrificed to the manes of the old man, yet the opinion is even now common that the most | guilty p: of allescaped—unwhipt of justice. To cowplete the tale of terror, the plainest principles of law and justice, were set aside to reach those crimi- nals who were arrested. The Parkman murder was not £0 bad as that; besides which, it took two coun- | ties, Middlesex and Suftolk, to furnish the parties to that tragedy. Perhaps the only Massachusetts mur- der, in ull its details, that will compare tolerably with the Salem ¢rime, was thet of Mr. Spooner, by his wife and her paramorer, which was perpetrated | in Worcester County, some seventy-five Yenrs ago. I have often thought that Mr. Hawthorne’s last great work “ The House of the Seven Gables,” was intend- ed to be a sort of picture of the darker side of Essex life, as there is scarcely an incident mentioned in it that has not occurred there. Not that I would seek to convey the idea tbat Fesex isa bad locality, morally speaking—far from it—but that there is # certain vividness abvut some of the crimes that have been there committed, which is apt to stagger one’s faith in the inmate goodness of the human heart, and which give to them a churacter all their own. Essex county has produced many emineat men, | besides those above named. Judge Story was born here, and here laid the foundation of his fame. El- dridge Gerry was a native of Marblehead, which was ako Judge Story's birth place. Mr. Hawthorne, the reatest of our authors, isa native of Salem. Gen. ‘ushing was born at Salisbury, and Mr. Rantoul was a Beverly man. Mr. Choate is from Essex, and Mr. Phillips, one of the most distinguished of the free- soil leaders, belongs here, and exerts a great influ- ence in the social and political world. William Grey, the great Boston mercbant, and who founded one of the best of the present Boston families, went from Salem to the capital. Mr. Silsbee, who was for long time one of our Senators, was a Salem merchant. Jacob Perkins, the eet ee man, belonged to New- buryport. Jacob Little, the eminent banker of your city, isa native of thesame town. Benjamin Crown- ingshield, who was one of the Secretaries of the Navy, under Mr. Monroe, belonged to a noted Essex family. The Webster els belonged here originally, and Daniel Webster, though not a son, is a grand- son of this county. The Woodburys emigrat- to New Hampshire in the last century; the leading members having re- ceived grants of land in that colony for ser- vices rendered in the colonial wars. Mr. Whittier, “a sweet poet,” as the lady called Milton, lives at Amesbury. Nathaniel Bowditch, author of “ The Practical Navigator,” and translator of ‘‘ The Me- canique Celeste,” (they, say he was the only man who could read La Place,) was born at Salem. Lord Timothy Dexter, that most eccentric of Easex Yankees, amused the people of Newburyport fora long series of years. Itis said that he got the title in consequence of offering to pave the principal | street of the town, if the people would call him Lord. | The town refused the offer of stones, but gave him the title. William Lloyd Garrison, who has made such a figure in the world, was born at Newburyport in 105. Andrew Dunlop, who was General Ja:k- | Son ’3 Attorney General for the Massachusetts district, and who, next to Mr. Henshaw and Colonel Greene, | was the most distinguished of the founders ot the new democratic party in this State, was Mssex born. Francis C. and John G. Gray, sons of William, were Salem men, and both are of marked talent. The inst was private secretary to Mr. Jon Q. Adams, when he went Miuister to Russia, iu 1809. John Lowell, the“ Boston rebel,” came from Nowbury- belonged to Salem. He was a man of great ability. | [might extend this list largely, but 1 have said | enough to show that among the productions of the | county, men occupy a very conspicuous place. As cy should be seen to be appreci- | for the women—t ated. Cnaries Le Cnavve. Bomestic Miscellany. A murder was committed at La Salle, Tll., on the 27th ult., by a party of men engaged on the bridge of the Illinois Central Railroad Company. Some dis- bap’ arose among them, when one of their number, hy the name of Michael Considine, was shot downand instantly killed. Several shots were discharged into his body after he was dead. Sheriff Thorne had ar- rested six of those engaged in the fravas, and lodged them in jail at Ottaway. Edward Stubbs, Esq., has been reinstated Disbur- sing Agent of the Department of State at Washing- ton, in the pe of Wm. Zanizinger, Esq., who has held the office nearly four years past. A carpet manufactured by the ladies of the Epis- copal Church at Hamilton, C. W., is now at Cape Vincent, on its way to the New York Exhibition. It was done entirely with the needle, and is fifteen feet ; valuation $300. sville papers announce the appointment t. James W. Brannon as Postmaster for that i e Declaration of Independence was first read State Houre yard, at Phila oe be at about a Lefore five o'clock, on the afternoon of July eral Dembinski has addressed the following letter, dated Paris, June 10, to the Debats:— rend in your jonrpal the translation ef an arti- ne Morning Chronicle in which my name ir mon- ad I see with astonishmeat that Iam aid to fered my services to the Sultan, I should bo ana flattered if an offer to recelye my servicas had een Trade to me by a sovereign to whom I not only oe | gratitude, but whom T d aa the most noble, just, nd worthy msn whom I could serve; veriheless, Ihave not made an offer o many ree welem to mestion, but princips enre to which Iam greatly offer fe ust execute the will of others, vhereas I think {have had sufficient experionce of war to wish te bave my owa views followed, of which I could not be sure unless I were to be spontaneously called upon “The London Globe of the 14th instant, says:—We regret to announce the sudden demise of Madame Macedo, wife of the Miuister Plenipotentiary of Bra- zil at this court. The fatal event occurred at the Pre7ilian legation in Mansfield sreet, Portland place, on Svunday, during her ellency’s confinement. She was an English lady, sud has left a young and interesting family. voter, Errects or ty Storm i Conngctioct.—Daring a thunder shower which passed over the north part of Simsbury on the 30th of June, the steam flouring roils belonging to the Massacoe Mills Company were strack by the lightning, which entered one corner of the cupola, about forty feet from the ground, end burat out again at the other three corners and he roof, completely riddling it and setting it on fire, and then pasted down the main roof to the tin eaves sport to the ground, do 0 damage to the ma- chinery. The rai down in torrents extin- WURDE bie Mad, sew ddwoeis vous meade Kéward G. Prescott, brother of the historian, | ‘The Russo-Tuikish Question. 70 THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. ‘To your interesting remarks in the Hzranp-of the first of July concerning the Russian and Turkish difficulties, I beg leave to add the following reflee- tions of my own, and to bespeak for them a place in your columns, were it for no other reason than to place them on record before the’world, and to enable me to refer to them in case subsequent events should justify my calculations. If the opinion which I have formed of the appa” rently intricate character of the Oriental question be correct, then this knotty business has never yet been properly explained by any organ of public opinion either in this or any other country. Let me en- deavor, sir, to point out the true position which Eug- land holds in this affair. It is commonly believed that England and France are unitedly opposed to the encroach- ments of the Russian Czar, and that these two powers have guarantied the independence of Turkey, and will draw’ the sword iu her behalf against the Russian eagle. There never was a greater delusion. There never was a more ridicu. lous farce than the pretended entente cordiale between France under Louls Philippe and England under Queen Victoria, True, the French National Guards visited London, and Queen Vie interchanged a few civilities with Louis Philippe on his own soil ; but these were purely personal matters. Queen Vic may have entertained a profound respect for Louis Phi- lippe as a wise monarch, a good and kind husband and father ; but the spirit of English diplomacy and politics is as much as ever opposed to the political interests of France, and he knows little of the charac- ter of the French army who does not know thata declaration of war against England would be hailed by every French soldier with shouts of mad rejoiciag, The French have to efface the disgrace of Waterloo, and to propitiate the insulted manes of their beloved emperor: and they are anxious to try their strength again in a hand-to-hand fight with England. Abu- kirand Trafalgar rankle intheir bosoms, and itis a fa- vorite notion with every patriotic Frenchman that at this moment the naval force of France is superior to that of England. Commercial interests have pre- served the peace of the world since the last straggle against Napoleon, but we shall soon see that eom- merce itself will become the abettor and supporter of war. It is the Oriental question that will enlist com- merce in the service of the grim monster. In this question appearances have carefully to be distinguished from the actual position of affairs. Russia and England understand each other perfectly in this affair, and somebody will be egregiously duped. France, that was so sadly outwitted in the Oriental question when Guizot managed her foreign policy, will again be duped by England and Russia, with this difference, that Louis Philippe susmitted tamely to every humiliation for the sake of preserving his crown and aggrandizing his (ee fortunes aud those of his children, whereas Louis Napoleon, on seeing himself the victim of a diplomatic juggle | by England and Russia, will allow fall sway to his fierce and vindictive temper, and, goaded to madness by the sneers, the Sonremyt, and the superior tact and cunning of both Eng- Jand and Russia, he will tear the network of treaties that have become a dead letter, and have been violated more than once since 1815; he will in- yade Belgium, march into Germany, proclaim him- self the leader of the democratic socialist purty, en- list the German armies under his banner, march throngh Austria, demolish the House of Hapsburg, and fight the Czar before the very gates of Constan- tinople. In this struggle we shall have Russia, Eng- land and Austria arrayed against France, Germany, Switzerland and Italy,-despotism against liberty, rivilege against universal brotherhood and reAnAlity, eraan in the broadest sense against political, civil and religious serfdom. Napoleon is certainly not aware that he is duped in this Turkish question—duped by both England and Russia; he may suspect that there is some in- trigue going on against him, but his pride would prevent him from fathoming the whole depth of the conspiracy of which he will sooner or later be the victim. What this conspiracy consists in can easily be told. Russia covets Turkey from a variety of causes. The Turks are an anamoly in Euro) They are the enemies of that religion of which the Czar is the eworn high-priest and defender. They are enemies to Christian civilization—to Christian progress, wis- dom and humanity. This is one reason why the Czar should burn with the desire of blotting the ‘Turks out of the pale of nations. But there are also political necessities why the Czar should wish to extend his dominion over Turkey and the Turkish sea coast. How humiliating & must be to the Czar to see his immense fleet constantly blocked up, as it | were, in the Black Sea. He must have the Darda- nelles in order to have access to the Mediterranean, and to be really and truly ranked among the great maritime powers of the world. But Russia capnot march to the conquest of Turkey with- outthe permission of France and England. Pro- vided be can make sure of England, he can then afford to od tg France. Al! his con- | duct towards Louis Napoleon hitherto shows that he despises this individual, and there is no doubt that the Czar desires nothing more than to have an opportunity of manifesting bis coutempt in a strik- ing manner. This opportunity is offered by the Turkish question. To prevent blustering, or a pre- mature outbreak on the part of France, the under- standing between England and the Czar is kept a rofound secret. Enyland, to be sure, sends her fleet Besika Bay; but is it, as the good-natured public supposes, to counteract the movements of the Czar? By no means; it is to watch the French fleet, and to help the Czar, if necessary, to capture and destroy the French trade. And the terms on which Eng- land consents to co-operate with the Czar in his sub- jugation of the Turkish empire are commensurate witb her political and commercial interests. ge land bas her East India empire to preserve and ex- tend, and to do this eflectually she has to secure to herself the shoriest road to ber Hast India posses- sions—she has, in fact, to obtain Egypt aud to secure an urmolested passage through the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf into the Indian Ocean. Egypt will be- come an English province. The possession of Egypt is of vital importance to England; with Egypt ia her poseession, her Rast India empire acquires a new vitality, by the impulse of trade and the fosterin; care of the government of the mother country; for it | may certainly be expected that one of the great re- | sults of a war arising out of the Oriental question will be the reorganization of the East India empire upon a liberal, democratic basis. Russia will guar: antee to England the conquest and possession of Egypt, the preservation of her East India empire, and the half of China, Persia, and the other barbaric States of Asia, which Russia and Nogland will divide between themselves, for the benefit, in the end, of ci- vilization and humanity. This mew and imnense feld forthe products of English industry wil ren- der the commercial and industrial classes of Eug- land disposed to consent to the Russian alli- ance in case of a war with France ; they know very well that in such a war Louis Napoleon must ultimately perish,and that the genius of a bet- ter and truer bay will rise trom the ruins of this conflict. Russia will be compelled, and England, in- deed, will stipulate, that she enter into a closer com- munion with the commerce and industry of the world; nor will the English people vote the necessary sup- plies for a war arising out of the Eastera question without coming toa clear understanding with the aristocracy about the people's rights. [ foresee clear- ly that this war will be the downfall of the avistovra- cy, with its privileges of caste, rauk, titles, decora- tions, and the like, and that the trae greatness and glory of the people will date trom the period whea the first connon shot shall be fired against Turkey from Russian and English batteries. But what will F'rence do when she sees herself oust- cd, as it were, from the Oriental question, and see England and Rossta arrayed uguinst her in hostide strife? France, as J said before, will be led to battle by Louis Napoleon; he will fight from an evil motive, but in the name of the people and the peoples. And the people's cause will trimaph, both over its friends end openeremies. Civilization will trium over barbarism in the Bast, and a new social order, an order of free religion, free thought, and free in- dustry, will aniversally triumph in the West over all religions and political despotism. It will then be reen that Exgland and Russia have great and glori- ous destini¢s to accomplish in the cause of tion versus barbarism, and that the true mi France will be what it always has beea: the initia- tion and developement of a higher sociui life in Hurope. L Srx Monrns Moaranity iN Bosron.—For the first six months of tie present year, ending Jane 30, the total number of deaths in this city b ubont 1,860; same period in 1952, 1, 8,467. The chief disorders have bee I consump- n, scarlet fever, and infantile disorders. There has been but one death from smallpox, and typhus fever has carried off an unusnally small number. A | part of the increased mortality is owing, no doubt, o the increase of population. For the pust month, however, the mortahty has been no_grester, if so great, as last year.—Boston Herald, July 2. A man was killed a few miles from Bi dere, MM. onthe Loti ult, by his step son. Fis nage was Vanalstive. The murder was done with a rifle, two balis entering the body of Vanaistine, Iiliug him on be bipbbe | explain, tl The Yank forgery Case in Cincinnadl. [From the Cincinnati Commercla!, July 1.] AN EXTRAORDINARY SCENE IN COURT. We were for an hour in attendance at the Orinsi- nal Court yesterday sfternody, and there witnessed one of the most thrilling: Pealkt tind beer place te fore mortal eyes. The great bank ry case was progressing: The Hon. William ¥. J: , & write ness called by the defence, was on the stand. Mr. Johnson was & member of the State Senate in 1849, and is prominent as a politician and 38 man. He was a particular friend of Mr. Kissane, har been a_member of the firm of Lot Pugh %& On, of which Kissane was confidential clerk. He called on Mr. Kissane day, before yesterday, and told him that he was able to testify as to his whereabouts on the 14th of December last, and correct a mistake made by some of the witnesses for the prosecution, Pre- vious to that call he had not seen Kissane for or J time, and it was from reading reports of the mony in the Commercial that the idea occurred to him of taking the stand and peering an alibi for his old associate, The testimony that he a gaye will be found recorded fully in our regular report. After he had testified to the whereabouts of Mr. Kissane on the 14th of December, and the business transaction be had with him that day, Mr. Pradea roceeded to cross-examine him, avd asked if he new Mv. Kissane’s handwriting. He replied, with @ smile, “ Yes, as well as I know my owa.” Mr. Pruden then handed hima check drawn by Kissane, and the forged check, and inquired whether he could detect any similarity in the handwriting that filled them up. Mr. Johnson took the papers and closely examined them. As he did so an expression of ter- ror came upon his countenance, and with a convul- sive movement he threw the papers upon the table, crying, in a toue of horror, “Thut check is Kissaue's handwriting’ He then staggered to his chair, ex- claimivg, in a tone that sent a shudder to every heart—‘*-Great God!” The effect of this tragic scene was stunning. Judge and jury, lawyers and spectators, were alike appil- led.’ After a moment of breathless excitement aad suspense the Court took a recess, This movemeut seemed involuntary, for calm con-ideration could not be given to any suiject while dismay was upon the features of every man. Mr. Johuson was ghastly le, and as he slowly recovered, an expression of intense pain settled upon his countenance, and he Seemed suddenly to have grown old. No scene that the pen of the novelist or the dramatist ever drew could equal the terrific dramatic grandeur and power of the solemn reality of this occurrence. Ina few minutes the Court was called to order, and Judge Walker cross. examined the witness, All that was elicited by this examination will be found noted by our regular reporter. The following is the testimony alluded to in the above article: — TESTIMONY OF W. F. JOMNSON. William F. Johnson called aud sworn. hen you business with Mr. Kissane on the 14th of A. ecemLer last? .—I had. I will state that I was reading in the Daily Commercial of yesterday the report of his trialy and observed that Mr. Kissane, for whom I en- tertain a high regard, was charged with concernment in this forgery, on the fourteenth of December, and that certain witnesses for the State had sworn to his having been in certain places at certain hours of that day. It instantly struck me that the fourteenth of December last was the very day that I hai some business with Mr. Kissane, and that I could find pa- pers clearly establishing that fact. Judge Walker—Have you the papers here? Mr. Jobnson—I have, (untolds a parcel of pay and takes out a returned bank check;) on the 13th of last December I was preparing to leave for Chicago, where I was very anxious to arrive on the 15th, because on that day 1 had an important law suit there; some gentlemen in the pork business here —among whem were Mr. Kissane, Hughea, & Co.. 8. Davis, Jr., & Co., W. H. Fuller, and others—owed me the sum of one thousand dollars, which Hughes & Co. promised to pay me on the 13th; they did not pay me on the 13th, but Mr. Kissane, who was pre- sent. said, “I will pay you myself,” and made an Sppoitneny to meet me for that fee aee at Jno. W. Coleman's the next day, at 12 M.; anxious as I was to leave for Chicago, I concluded to wait for the money, and at 12 M., of December 14, repaired to John W. Coleman's counting room, on Court street, to meet Mr. Kissane’s appointment; I waited impa- tiently until toll 1 o’clock—perhaps five minutes af- ter one—before Mr. K., came; when he entered he madesomeexcuse about being detailed on 'Change,and left soon after without saying a word about the thon- sand dollars! _A few minutes after he left | spoke of the matter to W. H. Fuller, who replied, “Let us go over to Mr. Kissane’s pork house and have the mat- ter Eiger pipe ares |—Ki-sane will make it right” —or something to that effect ; we immediately walk- edover; while atthe pork house, Mr. Kissane wrote me a check for $300, on Groesbeck & Cu; I saw him write it ; this was on the 14th of December ; it was this incident that 1 remembered when reading the report yesterday, and 1 immediately went to the office of Kissane & Smith, and asked to look at their returned checks for the month of Decemcer last; from the bundle handed me [ picked out this check, (handing counsel a check of Smith & Kissane, on Groesbeck & Co., for $300), which I instantly knew to be the one I have referred to, and on the back of which was my own endorsement. CROSS-EXAMINED. Mr. Pruden—Do you know Mr. Kissane’s hand- writing—is that his? (handing wituess the cl for $300 just alluded to.) Mr. Johnson—1 know it as well as I know my own—this is his handwriting. Mr. Proden—Take the check given you, and which you saw him write, and ee it with this, (handing Mr. Johuson the forged check attached to the indictment, purporting to be drawn by S. Davis, Jr. & Co. for $7,321 65,) and tell me if there is any similarity in the filling up of the two ? Mr. Johnson takes the two checks, looks at them for a minute, changes color, aud, in a state of fear- ful excitement, throws the forged check, with the indictment, upon the table before Mr. Prudea, and exclaimed—* That check is Kissane's handwriting | Great God ! !”” Mr. Johnson fell back with a convulsive expres- sion, and was assisted to a chair by Mr. Logan. Great sensation prevailed throughout the court room. ‘The court took a recess for fifteen minutes. MR. JOBNSON'S TESTIMONY RESUMED. After the recess, Mr. Johnson was cross questioned. bs Judge Walker, and replied substantially as fol- jOWSs :— It is very hard to say what it is in the two checks that impressed me they were written by the same band—it_ was the effect of the whole as I looked at both. The figure 2is the greatest similarity in both cbecks, Tuke away the figures, and [ could not swear the checks were written by William, (Kissane.) It is exceedingly diffisult to express to the unprao- tixed what it was I saw in both checks thas made me pronounce the filling up in both to be in William's handwriting; if { can imagine myzelf im other circum-tauces, | must say that bad [ not knowa of this indictment, and been showa the two checks separately, I might not have declared them to be written by the same band; there is no striking similarity ot in the figare 2 in each; I protest to Ged T wish I could say nothing—could say [ knew nothing of this matter; I am affected to see William: in this situation—I own it—I am but a man; if the checks had been brought to me from different parte of the State, separately, and accompanied with no remarks, J might not have observed a similarity; if the forged check had been shown me with the qae+ tion “ Do you know that handwriting?” I can's say that | should have recognized itas William Kissane’s Both checks are written ina free, bold imapner; might not be the same hand; I locked them all over be‘ore I spoke; the figure threes in each are dissimilar; £ might even say the checks were written by different hands; the two “ Decembers” are not written alike; the only poritive point of similarity is in the figare 2; and two men dushing off acheok in a hurry might be apt to make the dash at the end of the figure alike. CROSS-QUESTIONED. Tam as well prepared to answer any questionsnow asl shall be. [This was said in reply to a propos- tion that he should retire five minutes] T was @ partner in the honse of Let Pugh & Co., and Mr, Cissare was our confidential cl ; it was a generat timiarity, or @ something, tir mot difficult to bat forced imme to say the checks were Wil- iam's handwriting. The Piustian Frigate Geflon. Nuw Youx, July 3, 1963. TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. In your Sunday paper I found a communication from “One of the Schleswig-Holstein Army,” stating thatthe Prussian frigate Gefion was no Prossian ves cel, and lad been taken from Schleswig-Holstein by Prussia in spite of all Soy, ‘The facts are these:—In 1848 German patriotism was roused from the death-like slmaber it tad ine dniged in for many years, aud the German Diet thea assembled at Frank/ort. and made war on Denmark for the wrongs inflicted by that country on Schles- wig-Holstein, and about the same time took mea- sures to ide for @ nav, The frigate Gefion, taken by leswig-Holsteia and Nassan, id est, Gem moan troons, (Scbleswig-He ‘in and Nassau belong 0 r ) was naturally incor ng German ‘leet, and after itefinal dissolution was given up to Prussia to indem- nify her for ber previous contributions to the forma- tion of a German navy. So the Gefion has been paid for by Prussta, and T e payment will he considered even, by ne of the Schleswig-Holstein Army,” as a lawf and just means of acquiring a frigate. Ose ov THE PRUSSTAN ARMY, v Saravoca.—The Saratoga Whi ry, of Albany, has rented ‘on Spring, generaily , Hall, and has commence A Taratne