The New York Herald Newspaper, April 29, 1853, Page 4

nitive [pay fr aiteped ty te precst ciniaste | Tun dar Umar Ieee ane Com- NEW YORK HERALD. Rennes JAMES GORDON BEENET®, PROPRIETOR AND EDITOR, nner OFFICE N. W. CORNER OF FULTON AM® NAssav srs. ereernninner etre {J Me advance. . FETE mcs oe | asl , ‘sanum of x — eat Ga Yo cates Tg ‘$5to any Volume XVIB,.........c00 cece erees NOs MS whe AMUSERENTS THIS EVENING. BOWERY TYEATRE, Bowery—Srnanoce—Monx anv wus Girey. BROADWAY THEATRE, Broadway—Guaviator—Lit- ‘wie TODDLEKm@s. muarons THEATRE, Chambers street—Lapy or Lr: ene Ho: 100m. NATIONAL THEATRE, Chatham street—Fainr Heart Deven wor Fars ¥—ARMORER oF Trax—Swiss Swarms. cMALLACK’S THEATRE, Broadway—Mowey—Latzs) 2. 8ST. CHARLES THEATRE, Bowery—Dovoras—Turnzse ALL 2 Mistaxe. AMERICAN MUSEUM—Afternoon—Atiow Mz 70 APO Becies—Mituinens’ Ho1ivay. Evening—Witlow Corse GHRISTY’S OPERA HOUSE, 473 Brosdway—Erniorian ‘Mezopies sy Cunury’s Opens Tuours. WOOD'S MINSTRELS. Wood's Musical Hall, 444 Broad- weg—Brmioriax Mixera ris QEROUS, 37 Bowery—Equverniaw ENTERTAINMENTS. G@BORAMA, 566 Broadway—Banvakv's Panorama OF wus Hovy Lamp. SELLER'S SOIREES MYSTERIEUSES, 539 Broadway. OWEN s ALPINE RAMBLES, 539 Broadway. New York, Friday, April 29, 1853, ee Malls for the Pacific. THE NEW YORK WEEKLY HERALD. The sailing of the United States mail steamship Cres- eent City, Captain MeGowan, for Aspinwall, has been poetponed until Saturday next, at two o’clock. ‘The mails for California and other parts of the Pacific, ‘will close at ene o’clock on that day. ‘The New York Wamxry Herizp, California edition, with ‘the latest intelligence from all parts of the world, will be poblished at ten o'clock on Saturday morning. Single copies sixpence. Agents will please send in their orders as early as possible. The News. ‘The steamship Canada reached Halifax yesterday, with three days’ later advices from all parts of the Old World, a very full telegraphic synopsis of which ie given on the first page. The general features of the news, both commercially and politically, are of a rather more interesting character than usual, and will command universal attention. The members of the British House of Commons have broached the Central American question, but gained no important information from the government relating thereto. They have also directed their attention to the recent search of Kossuth’s house by the London police. The discovery of great quantities of munitions of war in another building, supposed to be the property of refugees from other countries, had na- tarally produced extraordinary excitement among all elasees of Englishmen. France has adopted the most rigorous regulations with regard to the refu- gees, and some of the Parliamentary members seem inclined to follow the example. Mrs. Stowe is said to have had a grand reception at Liverpool, on Sunday, the 10th instant, on which ness and neglect of one of the conductors . of the engineers on the two trains, all of whom have deen. committed to await @ trial for manslaughter. Let us hope that the judiciary will give this matter a prompt, fair, and searching investigation ; and if found guilty, that the parties, will be punished to the fullest extent of the law. Edward Leahey, the recusant monk of La Trappe, who has beea on trial in Portage City, W-sconsin, for the deliberate murder of Bernard Manly, has been found guilty of the charge, and sentenced to be im- prisoned in the State prison for life. It will be recol- lected that Leahey killed Manly in August last, in Columbia county, Wisconsin, on pretence that the latter had been guilty of improper conduct with Leahey’s wife. The trial, which was pending at the time of the murder, showed the suspicions to be un- ra Court of the Fifth district of this State, sitting in general term at Oswego, have re- cently decided that the Free School law, passed on the 26th of March, 1849, and ratified by the people, is unconstitutional. The opinion of the court was delivered by Judge Pratt, and appears to be an able and carefully considered paper. It maintains that the Legislature has no power, except in certain speci- fied cases, to submit to the people for final decision whether or not a proposed law shall become operative. As this appears to be the principal ground for de- claring the act unconstitutional, it will not nullify or affect our existing school laws, as the Legislature ratified the act of 1849 after it had been submitted to the people. The object of the decision, we pre- sume, is to strike a blow at the practice “of submit- ing laws to be voted upon by the people after they have been duly and unconstitutionally passed by the Legislature. Fonty or fifty Irish families were deprived of house and home bya fire in Boston yesterday morning. Nearly an entire block of frame buildings was laid in ashes, and much other property in the vicinity was materially damaged. The Art Union committee met at the Astor House yesterday, but no business of importance was tran- sacted, and the matter is postponed until to-day at three o'clock. ‘ In another part of to-day’s paper will be found an interesting account of the pleasure excursion which Cornelius C. Vanderbilt, Esq., contemplates making to Europe some time during the month of June, in his steam yacht North Star. Father Gavazzi delivered his lecture upon the “Tnfallibility of the Pope,” at the Wabernacle, last evening. The audience was very respectable, but not large. His arguments were much applauded. To-day’s inside pages contain City, Police and Judi- cial Intelligence ; Foreign Postal Regulations ; Affairs in Texas; Financial and Commercial Re- views; a large number of Miscellaneous paragraphs, Advertisements, &c. Our Southern Frontiere—The Wild Indians— ie Policy of Purchasing Another Slice ym Mexico. The return of Santa Anna to the supreme dictatorship of Mexico places the future destiny of that long-misgoverned, revolutionary, and unhappy republic ina state of doubt and tem- porary suspense. If, however, we may credit his recent protestations of patriotism, he will die in the last ditch before another square inch ofthe national territories shall be, with his consent, either taken or bartered away. Upon his return from his former exile, with that mys- occasion the long talked of address was presented. She afterwards paid her respects to some negro and ether societies, received the contributions of her friends, and took her departure fgg,Glasgow on the 13th, with a pocket full of money to pay her ex- penses. On turning to the news from the continent of Europe, we find that there has been another resigna- tien of the ministry in Spain, and that the Queen was busily engaged in forming a new Cabinet- Austria has refused the demands of Piedmont. There were rumors of an insurrection in Catalonia. Hungary is to be divided into three districts, over each of which a deputy governor is to be appointed. Maszini, after startling the Italians with another proclamation, is believed to have taken refuge in Sicily. The negotiations between Turkey and Rus- sia were progressing amicably at Constantinople. Affairs in Egypt were in a very distracted condition, and the overthrow of the Porte’s authority was an- ticipated. A serious difficulty had arisen between the Persian court and the British legation, and it was expected that the latter would withdraw. The cholera, we regret to learn, is progressing quite rapidly in the East. From India we gather that the British army and navy recently indulged in a quarrel in front of the enemy. The English lost one hundred men in their recent repulse at Dona- bew. The Chinese rebellion has spread to such an extent that the government has been at last com- pelled to adopt measures for the protection of Nankin. The Eurepean market reports announce that a de- eided improvement had taken place in cotton, bread- staffs, and some descriptions of provisions. The rapid decline in the stock on hand at New Orieans terious passport from President Polk, he made similar declarations; and yet, upon the high authority of General Scott, he was shortly brought to such overtures to our General-in- Chief, as contemplated the surrender of the country, en masse, to the protection of our constitution and laws. These overtures, as we have heretofore had occasion to declare. were. according to our humble judgment, unwisely thrown away, and for reasons. in view of “‘mani- fest destiny,”’ insufficient to justify the rejection of that golden opportunity. It may be said that the brilliant victories achieved by our arms, and the acquisition of California, were, all together, an ample com- pensation for the sacrifices of life and trea- sure which the war of ’46-'7 and the peace of °48 exacted—suffcient even to justi- fy that stringent clause of the treaty of Gaudalupe Hidalgo which bars us against any future encroachments upon the soil of our heipless neighbor. And it is true that we gained much, exceeding. in the acquisition of the gold mines of California, the most extra- vagant dreams of the most gold-loving visiona- ry of ancient or modern times. But more, much more. was lost in rejecting the happy mo- ment for the annexation of the whole of Mexi- co; for, according to the present aspect of things, there,is more danger of a restoration of Mexico tothe Spanish crown than of another offer from Santa Anra like that which he made to Gene- ral Scott. doubtless gave the impetus to cotton. Our special despatch from Washington remarks that Secretary Marcy is about to display his qualifi- eations for the post to which he has been called, by entering into negotiations with the British Minister upon the fishery and Canadian reciprocity questions. Notwithstanding the rather hostile disposition re- cently manifested by a portion of the colonists, it is thought that these matters will be definitely ar- ranged to the satisfaction of all parties. Our Cen- tral American relations, it is understood, have not yet undergone a thorough investi- gation by the Cabinet. After a proper ex- amination, if it shall be apparent that England has clearly violated the provisions of the Clayton and Bulwer treaty, the administration will most undoabt- edly relieve itself of the joint protectorate arrange- ment. It is now said that the foreign appointments are to be adjusted to-day—that none have as yet been positively determined upon; and, further, that General Dix, instead of going abroad, will remain at the head of the New York Sub-Treasury. Office seekers and their friends, by reference to the special despatch, will find a long list of appointments made for the Interior Department since the adjournment of the Senate, Owing to the illness of one of the jurymen, the Proceedings in the Gardner case were postponed from yesterday til] Monday. Hon. John Slidell was yesterday elected United States Senator for Louisiana, in place of Hon. Pierre Soule. Mr. Slidell received thirty-three majority over his whig opponent. Hon. D. T. Snellbaker, the newly elected Mayor of Cincinnati, under the plea of preventing a riot, last Sunday dispersed a large crowd who had assembled im one of the market houses to hear the disqonrse of Rev. Mr. Kirtland, a seceding Roman Catholic. Ti+ proceeding, of course, greatly incensed tlie anti Catholic portion of {the population, without distinc tion of party, and the consequence was, that, after discussing the watter in private circles for three days, an indignation meeting was held on Wednesday evening, at which a committce, consisting of one hundred of the most prominent citizens, was appoint- ed to wait upon the Mayor and request him to resign. Mr. Snellbaker was the secular nominee of the demo- cratic party, but he owed his election to the mayor- alty mainly to the fact that the opponente of the Catholics upon the school question were unwise enough to run three different candidates, Had the Jatter been united they would have returned their old Mayor with as much ease as they did nearly all the other municipal officers. The additional particulars relative to the awful railroad collision on the Michigan Central and Southern roads, to be found under the telegraphic bead, are of too heart-rending a character to reca- pituiate here. Suffice it to aay that the coroner's + Gen. Jefferson Davis, the present Secretary of War. if we are not mistaken, opposed the ratification by the Senate of the treaty of peace on the gronnd that the boundary of the Rio Grande and the Gila was not the proper line for a permanent and satisfactory peace with Mexico. He was in favor ofthe more seutherly line of the Sierra Madre, or Mother Mountains, and thence westward to the mouth of the Gulf of California, so as to include the plains south of the Rio Grande. the table lands south of El Paso, the vast open country of Chihuahua and Sonora south of the Gila, the Gulf of California, and that long peninsula known as Lower Cali- fornia. lying between the Gulf and the Pacific. A few millions more money, we presume, would have induced Mexico to yield to this lin and our experience. since the treaty of peace. hae proved that a little more hard cash for this immense additional swarth of land would have been a proceeding, not only of sound nationa (Policy, but finaliy resulting in very large pe cuniary savings to the government, Let us explain. The vast extent of open country between the present boundary line and that suggested by Mr. Davis is but thinly inkabited. excepting the string of towns and villages between Matamoras and Monterey. But even these settlements, though competent to defend themselves against the Indians, have been for two or three years past entirely at the mercy of Caravajal and his dry land bucca- neers, But the residue of this interme: country between the existing boundary that of Mr. Davis has been, since the treaty peace, under the full dominion of the wild Ia- dians, and by them nearly, if not absolutely, depopulated of its white settlers. And the great difficulty of re ng these Indians to submission has b that we have not had the right to push or locate our troops amidst the scenes of their depredations. Hence the treaty clause guaranteeing the Mexican frontiers against the incursions of our plundering barba rians has been of no practical effect ; ar the many millions of damages laid government by that of Mexico, in behalf of hey deeply injured border citizens. on account of Indian ravages and spoliations, for which are justly responsible. . These claims, insome way, will have to bo met and satisfied. The plan has been mooted trom time to time of compromising this busiaess 1 hence we jury have done their duty in the case, by declaring ti 40 the dimater occurred through the gross careless- in connection with the Tehuantepec treaty. Tt is highly probable that something of thia sort af et ~*ion with the final ratification of the Garay or Sloo 0. Tat, yee agian done with either; but if no. ™ neither the Tehuantepec questio# Aor our frontier Indians will be wholly But here the existing difficulty of * Jurisdiction, over the frontier territories subject +4 these Indian depredations is presented. Nor do we know how else than by the purchase of a considerable margin of the open country south of the present boundary these Imfians can be reached by our troops, On the other hand, the possession of the soil would give us the right to locate a line of forts and stations of mounted men and infantry across the continent, through a region of country capable of subsist- ing them, and affording all the facilities for quick communication with the various posts, and the easy transportation of artillery, arms, provisions and munitions of war. As we are now situated, our line of occupation along the present boundary lies, through its whole extent from El] Paso to the mouth of the Gila, in the midst of desert mountains, afford- ing no supplies, difficult of access, and utterly useless for the protection of the open country some fifty miles to the south- ward. Good faith, according to the treaty, has not been observed along the Gila. It has been unaccountably neglected by Congress, for there lies the fault of an inadequate military force; but, quartered in the labyrinth of the Gila mountains, an army of a hundred thousand men would scarcely be competent to prevent the Apaches from slipping through their fingers. Again : the breadth of open country to the northward included within the line suggested by Mr. Davis is now worse than useless to Mexico. After having been depopulated by the Indians of its white inhabitants the former oc- cupy it, whence they are enabled to extend their forays into the very heart of the Mexican republic, The cession of this margin of terri- tory to us would be an advantage to Mexico in every view. It would give her another supply of ready money for her immediate and pressing necessities—it would relieve her people from any further Indian disturbances, by giving her a frontier guarded by United States troops. and lined by settlements of enterprising.and thrifty Yankees—it would relieve her from the burdens ofinefficient soldiers, and other expenses incident to her feeble resistance of the fillibusters, and the halfnaked Apaches—and, in cutting down her territories to still narrower limits, her internal resources of prosperity and defence would only be the more consolidated. Surely, in ceding tous, for a good round sum, a strip of country which causes a continual drain upon her treasu" ry and her army. and never-ending robberies and massacres.of her people, Mexico could not be the loser. On our side, the advantages of such a trans- fer are worth considering, We should acquire a fine region of country, capable of sustaining a heavy population ; we should have the frontier Indians under complete control ; we should give relief and security to Mexico; and in securing the most available route for the Pacific Railroad ——the cheapest and the shortest this side of Vera Cruz—we should attain an object of paramount consideration. Would it not, therefore, be well if Gen. Pierce and his cabinet were to try the experiment of stretching our Mexican boundary a little further to the southward for an equivalent in hard cash ? Santa Anna, it is true, returns to power with the most prodigious pledges to preserve intact the integrity of the soil of his country from fur- ther encroachments ; and there is a suspicion of connivance between the instruments of Queen Isabella and Louis Napoleon in the Dictator’s return—there is even ground for distrusting his design to be the restoration of Mexico to Spain; but still he will reassume the functions of the government with an empty treasury, and under the most urgent necessities for money. In con junction, therefore, with the Tehuantepec route. it might prove to be judicious and wise on the part of our cabinet to try the settlement of our frontier Indian difficulties by the purchase of the margin of territory we have indicated, ranging from fifty toa hundred miles or more south of the present boundary. We skould like to see Santa Anna sounded upon this question. Besides, his designs are suspicious, time is precious, and of all the countries in the world Mexico at this crisis is the country that calls for the special vigilance and protection of this administration; and in nothing is our saving interposition more per- emptorily demanded than in the matter of the frontier Indians. We must pay for their depre- dations. past, present and future, annul the treaty, or extinguish their ravages in the pur- chase and occupation of the land. Santa Anna will want money. The land, worse than useless to Mexico, would be useful tous. Let us buy up the fillibusters, revolutionists and Indians along our southern frontiers, including the French invaders of Sonora. And wonderful things may, perhaps, be accomplished, if we slip in before the British, French or Spanish, with the offer of a few millions of ready cash to Santa Anna. We commend this eubject to the administration. Carayasat.—This notorious fillibuster, after having been arrested a second time in Texas, has been a second time discharged, upon some technicality of the law which prevails along the Rio Grande. We may next expect to hear of another descent by this enterprising gentieman upon seme of the Mexican towns along the river, and the liberation from their owners of large quantities of dry goods. It is a most remarka- ble thing that this guwerrillero. for two or three yeare, should thus be permitted to carry on his peculiar operations with such perfect impanity defying the troops of Mexico and elading the laws of the United States with equal noncha- His acts. however. constitute a bounda- ry question, for which Santa Auna will doubt- less demand some reparation, Can the present administration, meantime. do nothing with C6; njal? Ig there not sucha thing as na- tional good faith requiring the interposition of the strong arm of authority to catch him and hold him? We trust that Gen, Pierce will in some way tighten up the loose condition of things along the Rio Grande, The neutrality policy of Mr. Fillmore would not allow bim to interfere perhaps ; but now we have a right to forcement of the Monroe doctrine aja] at all events. lance. call for the e againet ¢ Pee Bourn. ov New Mexwo—We are very ghad to learn from Washington that there er of war on account o' the seizure of itory by Governor Lane, of New ined over to Old Mexico by tho Boundary Commission, This will make Wall street easy ngain. We were afraid that this business looked like 9 speck of war. xico, t mittee of the House of Assembly appointed toinvestigate the affairs of the defunct irasti. tution known 9g the American Art Toton, com. meneed their sitting yesterday afternoon at the Astor House. We have before stated that this committee was nominate? in compliance with the prayér ofa petitlon to the Legislature, signed by subscribers and shareholders of the association, and which we now give in| another column; alleging various charges against its managers and directors; and the object of the inquiry commenced yesterday is to ascertain the truth of these charges, and the manner in which the funds of the society have been from time to time appropriated. For our part, the rdle which we have sup- ported, as denouncers of the illegality of the in- stitution. is played out. The highest courts of the State have pronounced the American Art Union a public lottery, in violation of the con- stitution, the statutes, and the new code. And we have now no further duty to perform in the matter. It now only remains with the Assem- bly committee to make a full, fair, and impar- tial inquiry into all the matters referred to them, and we doubt not that this they will do to the satisfaction of the petitioners and to the furtherance of public justice. Russ PAVEMENT IN THE Bowery.—The Board of Aldermen, on Wednesday evening; adopted, by an almost unanimous vote, the report of the Street Committee recommending the making of a contract with Messrs. Russ & Reid for laying down the Russ pavement throughout the whole extent of the Bowery, Chatham street, and Park row, into Broadway. This measure is one of the greatest import- ance to the eastern portion of the city, and will be received with approbation by all residing in that quarter. The prospects of the Bowery are decidedly improved by this action of the Board of Aldermen. For the past year it hasbeen making great efforts to compete with Broadway in appearaiice, and several splendid brown stone buildings, banks, insurance offices, stores, &c., have been within that time erected onit. It only wanted the laying down of the Russ pavement to give a fresh stimulus to this ambitious rivalry, and when it is completed the Bowery will suddenly become a fashionable thoroughfare and promenade. Another benefit which this measure will cf- fect is, that grooved rails will be laid down on the Fourth avenue railroad, and thenceforth carriages will not incur the risk of having their wheels injured in an attempt to cross the street. The total expense of this improvement will be somewhere near half a million of dol- lars; but that is a mere bagatelle when con, trasted with the value which property in those streets will acquire. We hope soon to see the work commenced and prosecuted with vigor. Tux Stoo Treaty.—The treaty of Col. Sloo, securing him the transit of the Tehuantepec route, has arrived at Washington, and Col. Sloo himself is also there. The treaty has been ratified by the provisional government of Mexico; but the most difficult part of the busi- ness remains to be done. If we are not misin- formed, the administration are of the optmion that the Garay treaty should have the prece- dence of all other claims to the Tehuantepec route in the settlement of this question with Mexico. And we presume that this controver- sy cannot be definitely settled short of the re- assembling of Congress and the action of the Senate upon the subject. For the present. we should like to be informed whether Mr. Benja min and company, the holders of the Garay contract, have surrendered or compromised their claims: If they have not, this Sloo trea- try will demand some further explanation. ‘Talk on ‘Change. The announcement of the arrival of the Canada at Halifax had a tendency to check transactions in trade. The news, though favorable, was considered indefinite as to prices, and failed to exercise any immediate influence on them. Cotton sold to the extent of 3,500 bales, with- out change in quotations. State brands of flour closed at $4 50 a $4 56, with mont sales at $4 56 0 $4 62. It was stated on good authority, on ‘Change, that mer chante in this city had been in the habit of importing goods by the British steamers into Boston, in preference to having them come direc! to New York, on account of the greater facility of getting them through the custom house at that place. The usual plan bad been thus :—As soon as it was as" certained that a steamer had arrived at Boston, they would give their bills of lading to one of the express com: panies on the afternoon of one day. and the goods were obtained through the Custm House on the next day, and reached New York on the foliowing morning. In other words, goods could be received in New York, imported into Boston, in forty eight hours after the vessel reaches that port, while, if imported direct into this city, it would require five days to get possession of them. Sueh a system was unequal and unjust to New York, and the evil should be effectually remedted. Express agents rusning between Boston and Canada could obtain possession cf gocds almont immediately on a ship touchingthe wharf and takes them at once to the Canadian frontier, where the bonds they had given in Boston would arrive by muil at the rams time, directed to the frontier collector from the suthorities in Boston. The boundary line officer would, on comparing the goods with the bonds, and finding ali correct, pass thea, and re turn the bonds, duly eancelled, to the Bostog Custom House. In New York about five days elapsed before the goods could be released, and that had to be done through acustom house broke:. The bonds given were retained in New York until evidense was obtained from the fron- tier officer that the gocds under seal had been ¢uly re- ceived, examined and paseed. The effect of the superior Custom House facilities at Boston had tended to dizect a considerable portion of trade from ite legitimate channel, er from New York to that port. & splendid specimen of native gold, in combination with quartz rock, from California, wax exhibited on ‘Change yesterday. It belonged to the enterprising firm of Messrs. Adame & Co., express agente. The value cf the specimen wan $000, the #um thoge gentlemen paid for it. The beauty of the epecimen renéered it one of great interest. The mare of the rock was intermingled with fine pa: cles of gold, while the priccipal and upper side of ite face was covered with a most splendidly erystalized or arboresespt of pure native gold. Ite arrangement presented the appearance, in places, of steme, leaves, and irregular clusters, not unlike masses of grapes Meeere, Adame & Co. designed tb th other rich apeci- mene, for exhibition in the C. lace. They had at their offies, (58 Broadway,) it was paid, some other valuable specimens, some of which were marses of native geld, and others mixed with qnartz. One of these Fpecimeng Was worth $3,000, and another £2,000. They also bad other specimens on the wry. They expeed to be able io make the most splendid show of mene ever befcre exhibited and when al! tion arrived, which m not be before the summer, they calculated the value of the who! about $100,060; and all the production of was stated on aliforn.a. Change that the remainder ef the 0 ef tad coal put on d the Pacific, had deen sold on the wharf at one dolier per ton it wag eaid that thir inferior cos) had been exposed oll winter, ine } Jarge woass, to the rain and frost, in an cgen, damp yard; | thet when put om board it war in & very wet condition and when dry it crumbled into masse ike cul. Watle | the gord coal lasted, the ship made 300 to 310 miles per | éay, ond when the Inferior coal was reachedher speed, with equally favorable wewtber, fell ff to 260 mlien per | day. Had it oo! been for thia untoward ctreumetance, | rhe would have reached Sow York ear worning, of in 9 daye, 20honr#, and minnie, beating | the Arable nea-ly one day. i on Saturday tee ann ns Magnificent Pleequre Etturtion to Europe ‘The North Star, in which Cornelius Vanderbur, “#7 proposes to make his voyage of pleasure to Europe, is al- most completed, and will be ready to make her trial trip im about @ week. The day of her departure for the Old World is not decided upon yet, but we are informed she will rail about the 10th of June, Looking upon this merely as a pleasuté excursion, 1x win, Loubdtless excite universal attention, both on account of its novelty and the liberal spirit it displays, and which may justly be regarded as the chief characteristic by which our com mereial classes are distinguished. ‘The rapid extension of our commerce within the last quarter of a century is without a parallel in the history of the world. It appears as if it were but yesterday that the country emerged from the trials of the Revolution; and yet, in the comparatively brief space which has in- tervened, she has accomplished the work of centurics, and is now aivancing to s condition of power and pros perity which must, before she is a century old, place her ‘at the head of the nations. This astonishing growth ia the reeult of the individual enterprise of our people, as well as of the character of our institutions, which allow the largest scope for its developement. The commerce of the United States has penetrated every ocean, and is now contesting in peaceful rivalry with Great Britain for the dominion of the seas. But while we are thus advanc- ing to commercial supremacy we are ngt unmindful of the liberality which should characterize a true epirit of énterprise. Our merchants have always been as much dis- tinguished for their comprehensive benevolence as for the magnitude of their plans and the energy and vigor with which they are prosecuted, whether in the search of a lost navigator, or in the opening of new avenues to com- merce. We have astonished the mations ef the Old World by the rapid advancement we have made. Our in- comparable packet and clipper ships are without equals on the ocean; our steamers have so far beaten those of the first maritime power on the earth; and the regatta at Cowes bas proved that there are none even ‘second’ to our yachts. In everything we have undertaken we have succeeded to a degree which has exceeded even eur most sanguine expectations. ‘The sovereigns of Europe have looked upon our increas- ing power with mingled surprise and alarm—surprise at our progress, and alarm lest the lesson whieh it silentlyin- culcates might be learned by their own oppressed subject:. ‘They have, however, hitherto had rather indefinite ideas of the social condition of our country, and have regarded its inhabitants as a semi-civiiized, unrefined and uncouth people, for republicanism is generally associated in their minds @ith all that is rough, coarse and unpolished. ‘hey could not conceive of such a thing as true rofine- ment of manners existing in a country in which the laws regard all as equal, and where the only passport to public esteem and respect is integrity of character and honesty of purpose. The writings of some travellers have only served to confirm their prejudices; and it is to be regretted that the conduct of a few of our citizens abroad has not been of a nature calculated to dispel them, The real character of our people, and particularly of our commercial classes, has been thus misunderstood; and until they know a little more of us from personal contaet and intimacy this misapprehension cannot, we fear, be removed. What can the Czar of Russia krow of our social life—of the general prosperity which prevails throughout the country—of the intelli. gence and comfortable condition of our industrial class- es, and the refinement of those whore enterprise, indus- try, and genius, have placed them at the head of the so- cial scale? It is only by personal observation that he and the other crowned heads can obtain a true knowledge of these facts; and though he may not visit us to obtain the required information, yet he will, in a very few months, have an opportunity of seeing one of our most distinguished and wealthy citizens in his own capital, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Esq., generally known by the title of “Commodore,” has had, as we have already said, in contemplation for several months past a trip to Europe, in bis splendid steam yacht North Star, which was built expressly for the purpose. This is the first voyage of pleasure which bas ever been undertaken from this country, and in its extent and magnificence far exceeds anything of the kind ever got up by the wealthiest menarch in Evrope. Although it is solely a persona! matter, it partakes somewhat of a national character. There are, we believe, only two or three of the European sovereigns who possess steam yachts; but none of these are at all comparable with the North Star. Besides the contemplated pleasure trip, which, including the cost of the boat, will exceed half a million of dollars, Mr. Vander- bilt has another object in view. He has long been im- pressed with the belief—a belief founded on ample expe- rience—that s steamer propelled by beam engines could not cnly cross the ocean in safety, but that she would possess many advantages over the present class of ocean steamers. How far this may be correct we do not under- take to say, but there can be no doubt whatever of the success of those employed in running to the Isthmus, among whieh we may mention the Star cf the West, and the Prometheus. Mr. Vanderbilt will be accompanied by the members of his own family and relatives, Rev. Dr. Choules, and bis physician, Dr. Lindsay, numbering between forty and fifty persons altogether. The vessel will be splendidly furnished, and will no doubt give the monarchs of the Old World a more perfect idea than they have hitherto had of the wealth, the commercial prosper- ity, and the refinement to be found in the great western republic. The first port at whieh she will touch is Southampton, where Mr. Vanderbilt intends remaining a few days, giving his company an opportunity of secing the curiosities of that important seaport. They will find in it much to interest them, for Southampton, besides the many great historical ascociations connected with it, is one of the finest cities in England, and possesses some very splendid public buildings. It was from this port that Henry the Fifth set wail, in August, of 1415, about two months before he gained his famous vietory at Agincourt. Southampton was the last port in England at which the pilgrime stopped befoee the departure for this country. It is also replete with reminiscences of the wars between the houses of York and Lancaster, commonly known as the ‘Wars of the Roses.” The great Southwestern railway brings it within three hours dis- tance of London, so that if our voyagers feel inclined to visit the great metropolis before their return from St. Pe- tersburg and Moscow, which is their ultimate destination, they will have an excellent opportunity. We believe however, it is their intention to make this and Southsmp- ton their last places of sojourn in the Old World. Leaving Fouthamptof, they will pursue their course eastward, passing through the celebrated Straits of Dover into the North Yea, and stopping temporarily on their way at the Hague and other intermediate places. Navigating theNorth Sea as faras the extreme northern part of Denmark, they will pass through the Skager Rack and perilous Cattegat, the waters of which are crowded with innumerable islands and sandbanks, Before entering the Baltic they intend coming to anchor at Copenhagen, and making a brief stay at thet famous city, the scene of one of Nelson's greatest naval achievements. The entrance to the harbor is nar. row, but there is sufficient depth of water to float the largest man-of-war. Copenhagen is the principal station of the Danish navy, and contains the magnificent Castle of Fredericksberg, which is the summer residence of the reigning king, Frederick the Seventh Tuis city is distin- guished aa posseasing the best works of the great Danish sculptor,,Thorwaldsen. Some of the public buildings are snid to be really superb, and its brary, containing 450, 6 volumer, exclusive of manuscripts, is the bert in En- rope. Our voyagere will also find here the great globe of the famous northern astronomer, Tycho rahe. The next place of ncte at shich they will stop ov the'r passage through the Baltic Sea is Stockholm, the capi- tel of Sweden, eppos.te the entrance to the Gulf of Fin- land, at the oxtreme eastern end of which St. Petersburg is situated. Stockholm, which might appropriately be named the City of Islands, prosente a grand and impo ing view when approached from the sea. ¢ most interérting notabilities of this helm in which the kings of Aweden are buried. and in whieh are preserved many national military trophies taken in the wars of the Great Gustarus and Charles XII. Stoskholm iv inferior im some respecte to the D» capital, but ite businens, we believe, ‘+ more ext: The present reigning monarch son of the politic and wily Pernado’ ave. rancie Oscar, After their departure from the § pital they steer direst across the Baltic to the Gul? of Finland, which in bounded on all siden except at ‘ts entrance by the Russian dominions. Here, then, they firrt coms with- in the jurisdiction of the Czar of all the Ruwias, whose two chief capitals they intend to wake thelr place of abode for some weeks. St. Potersbure in the first city In Lir ompire, and one of the largest in Parope, Ts | population at present ie about equal to that of New York, and ite public bulldinge are aplendid eps. eimenn of architecture —hardly inferior + thove of Varie or London, The number of churches is votween slaty and seventy, of whieh a little more than three fourths belong to the Greek fa th, and the re. nuninder to Cath » Protestants, and Disserte The Cathedral of St, Peter's and Paul's ie, histersoally, the moet important, ‘om the far: of ite eonts'ning *Le tor ty, | OE THE $1.2! YACHT NORTH STAR. of all the Russian sovereigns, from the founder of the Empire, Peter the Great, to the late Czar, with the exoep- tion of Peter the Second, who was interred at Moscow- ‘The Church of the Convent of St. Alexander Nefski is one of the most magnificent edifices im the city, and eontaine the remains of its patron saint, which are enclosed ina ‘aleum of solid silver. The equestrian statue of Peter: ele ‘ of the chief attractions, ihe Greai, by Falcone, °™* art, it is not pew though, we believe, asa work % ., “A at Wash- that of General Jackson, lately inaugarmer ington, The horse of Peter is represented springitg? on the hind legs, the whole weight of the body’ being supported by a serpent, which appears slightly to touch the tail; while that of Jackson, which fs in the same attitude, receives no support what- ever, depending solely on its admirable equi- poise to retain its position. Among other interesting curiosities which our veyagers will doubtless notice is. the cottage eccupied by Peter the Great di the foun- dation of St. Petersburg. It is a very pride "metres for a monarch whose ambition appeared to know no bounds, being constructed of wood, and not more than twenty feehigh. St. Petersburg occupies a high position among the European capitals for the liberal provision which has been made for popular education, and at present contains a great number of schools, academies, libraries, and other institutions of learning. The imperial library, which is one of the finest in the world, possesses about four hundred and fifty thousand volumes and seven thou- sand manuscripts. Looking at these evidences of intelli. gence and advancement, we may say of the Raysians, aa Pyrrhus once said of the Romans: “These barbarians are not.so barbarous after all ’’ The appearance of a company of Americans at the capi- tal city of one of the first monarchs of Europe wil] at- tract no little attention among the celebritier at st. Pe~ tersburg. The Russians are noted for their hospitality, and we have no doubt the Czar wil be among the first to welcome his republican visiters. The meeting of Nicholas the First, Emperor of all the Russias, and Mr. Vanderbilt, one of the wealthiest citizens of the Great Republic, will form an era in modern history. 1t will fur- nish food for the speculations of long-headed politicians and business men of the present day, and historians wil? record it hereafter as one of the most remarkable events the world bas ever witpessed. We understand that reveral applications have been made to Mr. Vanderbilt. for permission to go with him; but, as we have said, none but the members of his own family, his relatives, his physician, and Rev. Mr. Choules, will secompacy him, so that the honor of an introduction to the crowned heads of Europe and the nobility will be reserve! for his own family. After a few weeks stay in St. Petersburg, the whole company will set out for Moscow, where they will spend. several days in looking at the various places of The fate of Napoleon, which was seal- ed here, invests the city with more thao or- dinary interest, and our travellers will hear from the- Russians themselves stories of individual hervism and patriotiam displayed in its defence before its citizens. were driven to the last extremity of destroying it to save their country. Moscow is about four hundred miles southeast of St. Petersburg, and is the oldest capital of the Russian empire. The principal edifice is the Kremlin, or citadel, which was rebuilt since the destruction of the city by fire in 1812. It is called the Manchester of Russia, from its being the most industrious city in the empire. It is also the residence of the wealthiest and most ancient noble families, the seat of a section of the Senate, of a military governor general, and of a regency or council of adminstration. The great bell, tho largest ever founded, is one of the greatest curiosities in the city. It is said ta weigh 1,600 tone. Leaving Moscow our travellers will re- trace their steps to St. Petersburg and embarking, will steam through the Gulf of Finland, the Bultic, and out. through its narrow gates, the Cattegat and Skagger Rack into the North Sea, with as little delay us possible, directing their course for the Straits of Gibraltar, they will then sail up the Mediterranean, probably visiting om the route Marseilles, Toulon, Genos, Rome, Milan, Naples, and sweeping up among the Archipelago, touch at. Athens, the Mother of the Arts, and other places of note on the seacoast of Greece. Constantinople, we under- stand, will also have the honor of a visit. Wherever they go they will be the “observed of all observers.” The grave and dignified Turks will gaze with astonishment. at this evidence of the greatness of our country, and ad- mit that even Oriental magnificence cannot surpass that of a wealthy but simple citizen of the great republic. Mr. Vanderbilt expects to be absent about six months altogether, returning to this city sometime in November or December. In this voyage he does not inteod to make atrial of the speed of his vessel, (of which we have already published a full description,) so tha: it must not be regarded as atest of her sailing qualities. He will take his time, reaching Southampton in about twelve days and half, which he believes he can do with the reatest ease. . Francoxi’s HirPopRoMe —The dress rehearsal to take Pisce this evening at Franconi’s Hippodrome, and to- which the members of the press have been almost ex- clusively invited, is creating great excitement throughout the city. The ideas formed of the splendor and magnifi- cence of the promised treat must be exceedingly grand, if we are to judge by the exertions made to procure tick- ts foradmission, But we understand that the managers: are inexorable, and cannot be persuaded to yield to the rolicitations of those who do not properly come within the category of invilés, We cannot, however, compre- hend the motives which prompt to the exclusion of la- dies from the rehearsal, without whose presence we should be inclined to think that the brilliancy of the en- tertainment would wax dim and uninteresting. It is so decreed, however, thatthe gentlemen who go there to- night must forego the company of the ladies, and doubt- Jers there are some cogent reasons why they should be condemned to such mortification. Movements or Ex-Preswent Van Borev.—Mr. Vam Buren visited the new daguerrean gallery of Brady yes- terday, accompanied by his two sons, and had several portraits taken. On Wednesday evening the same party occupied private box at the Broadway theatre, the fiftieth night of Mr, Forrest’s engagement. Father Gavazzi’s Lecture. Father Gavagzi delivered his promised lecture upon the “Infallibility of the Pope,” at the Tabernacle, last evening. The proceeds were to be devoted to the benefit of the Italian exiles who are upon their way to this country. The building was not so crowded as at some of the former discourses. Tho Padre was received upon his entrance, with the accustomed rounds of applause. He said :—My friends, my subject this evening will be the “ Infallibility of the Pope,” and I will prove that this claim of infallibility is contrary to Scripture, con- trary to reason, and contrary $e history. I beg to inform. you that in my next lecture at Metropolitan Hall, I will allude to the assertion of Cardinal Wiseman, in his last address at Leeds, and those of pezcons in New York also, upon the subject of infallibility. It isan ol@ subject, but not a useless one, for it is necessary to speak. of it as a means of preventing the introduction amongst Protestants of some fallibilitios just as bad as the claimed. infallibility of the Pope. Now, in countries where the Pope has power to believe, in his infallibitity is made a point of faith; but amongst Protestants, the churoh says that you may bea good Catholic and not believe in this point of faith. In Italy, I never heard an argument against bis infallibility. So when I say that it isa cardinal point, I know it to be so. Now, it is necessary to examine the text quoted in support of the assertion, and urged to maintain the infallibility of the Pope. The argu= met relied upon is that in which it is said that he- is the successor of Saint Peter. Even vo, Was Saint Peter himself infallible? If he were not infallible. his successor certainly is not so. It is aid that Peter was infallible, for Christ said to him, ‘Peter, Satan will tempt thee, but 1 will pray to my Father that ‘our faith may be preserved.’ Therefore the faith of eter was immutable ard infallible. Well, Satan tempted: Peter, and he was not i:mmutable—mueh less infallible— for Peter three times denied his Master, and then was an unbeliever, When he denied his Master he wae really with the Jews and amongst the soldiers, and if Peter had had courage not go to deny him, perhaps his D:vine Mase ter would not have suffered so much as he did. Bat if Peter was not infallible. then it is said that be was so when Christ said ‘that the gates of hell should not pre~ vail against the church built upon hiw.'? True, tl shall not prevail against the church, which. {w built upon Christ himsel’, who is,the Petra mentioned in the Testament, and not rimon Peter, He did not say, * built upon ‘thee’ Peter,”” bat which is batit upon the rock, or Petra, meaning himself, Eusebins and others state that Peter was not the rock. But if the Pops is not. infallible upon this point be is so, for Christ proucised to ve with his apostles to the end of time. My dear friends, he is with his church to the end of time, to guide, diract end strengthen it. Poor Saint Peter, you were zealous, inspired, and warm hearted, but at the passion in the arden, in the Golyotha, and Yhe hali of the High infallible. jut you are aw Priest, you were still a man, and not 1 need not repent my ares tions, the Foye ia not the ruccessor case it would be necessary to bi been Bisbop of Rome, but, my friends, there. never was ‘We have Paul at Rome, bat not Peter, for. in the tothe Galatians, he does not mention him og having beon there, nov ean it be proved from any- wrt of the New Testament. All about the prison of Santa, } . at Rome, in which itis said that he was confined, ig ike the miraculous stories that are told in Ireland? “oh!” says the Church, “we possess the chair of 3t. Petor at Rome.” Why, if you go tothe church f St Mark, in Venice, you will there see his chair 2s Bishop of Antioch. ‘They say that the ore at Venice is a Mabommedan chair mentioned in {he Aleoran; but as Mahommed was five