The New York Herald Newspaper, April 4, 1853, Page 4

JAM gs GORDON PROPRIBTOR AND EDFFOR, ae ae 47 weed, sai Yor. Me founion Countaeon” BENTO ARE PARTICULARLY ReyUBeTSD TO ORAL 41% Lar- "NO Fanonyaous communication. Wie do not rity for Subscriptions, or with Adver- G executed with neatmees, cheapness, and Bi ERTISEMENTS renewed every dau. Welume XVIII.......... seeceees NOs 93. AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. THEATRE, Bowery.—Pxorus’s Lawvsn— Semovns Baivroncom—Muaver ar tux Hair. BROADWAY THEATRE. Brosdway—fxutes—To Pauw amp Bace vor Five Pounns. WABLO'S—I1 Bansrene v1 Srviorta. BURTON'S THEATRE, Chambers stroct—Panis amv Lenvos—Poor Prniicovpy. NATIONAL THEATRE, Chatham street—Caiam AnD ‘Recnwrance—Kennetn. ALLACK’S THEATRE. Brosdway—Fainz Haar ween Pan Lact Tum Rivals. MERIC. MUSEUM—Afternoon—Foarunr’s Frouic —Doueerickconouy.. Rvesing Six Deonaes or Caine Twa Pasrowenox, 9%. GHARLES THEATRE, Bowery—Uscoiino—Eva- asses Wuson—Lorrery Ticker. RISTY’S OPERA HOUSE, 472 Broads ‘Bru smae Cunusry’s Orzrs facvre. en ‘WOOD'S MINSTRELS, Wood's Musical Hall, 444 Broad wey—Erwortam Minstaaisy. mae @ARCUS, W Bowery—Equeeraras Exvearamasve |A, 886 Brosdway—Baxvamn's Paxonama ov von mety Linn, 4 Sitention‘of the Legislatare the abadlute ‘sevessity which'exists for an enactment enferding’wa exact, comprehensive, and uniform system ‘of ceftitying, in cases of death. The loose and very ‘indeEnite man- ner in which many of our medical ‘men certify, is a “subject of very general remark, and has been point- “edly alluded to in the excellent repoft:of the present City Inspector, recently published. Some doctors seem to be too lazy—for, of cowzwe, they are all leamned—to even spell the numes of the diseases of which their patients died correctly. For instance’ “sprew” is written for “spree,” ‘‘consumtion” for “consumption, “bronkitis” for “bronchitis,” and one gentleman solemnly certifies that a child died of “convulsions of the head.” This is really +“begin- ning our medical nomenclature too soon.” The journeymen printers of this city, in conse” quence of the advance in‘house rent, provisions, &c., have concluded to increase the price for their services at the rate of about fifteen per cent. Insodoing they have but followed the example of all the other work- ing classes, who found the remuneration for their services under the old system inadequate to meet their expenses. This movement will increase the simple cost of type-setting alone for the New Yorke Henratp about five thousand dollars a year. Father Gavazzi delivered another lecture, to a large audience, principally composed of Italians, at the Tabernacle, last evening. A full report is given elsewhere. : The Rev. Thomas De Witt, D.D., last evening preached an able sermon on the scriptural advantages of the Sabbath, at the Refermed Dutch church, Bleecker street. . Dr. Hatfield delivered a sermon, last evening, on “Light Reading,” in which he severely castigatedall the fashionable novels and works of fiction of the day, except Mrs. Stowe’s “Uncle Tom’s Cabin,” which he classed with the “Pilgrim’s Progress,” and placed little lower than Milton’s ‘‘Paradise Lost.” A report appears in another column of this day’s paper. The following are the heads of a portion of the contents of to-day’s inside pages:—Tke cases of the Broadway and Second Avenue Railroads in the Su- MOPS CHAPEL—Dn. Varanrma’s Evenincs or Bo- euatbiity. MELLER’S SOIREES MYSTRERIEUSES, 539 Broadway. OWEW’S ALPINE RAMBLES, 589 Broadway. ‘Mew York, Monday, April 4, 1853. “The Weekly Malls for the Pacific. THE NEW YORK WEEKLY HERALD. The United States mail steamship Georgia, Captain Porter, will leave this port on Tuesday, at two o’clock, for Aspinwall. The mails for California and other parts of tiie Pacific, will close at one e’clock. ‘The New York Weexty Herp, California edition, with the jatest intelligence from all parts of the world, will be published at 10 o'clock to-morrow morning. Single copies, sixpence. “Agents will please send in their exders.as.early as possible. ‘The News. Wo ‘tidings had been received of the steamship Arctic, with four days later European news, at three @clock this morning. A despatch from the High- Jands states that she had not been signalized at nine @’clock last evening, and the weather was so thick that she would not probably come up tothe city before daylight, even should she reach the Hook. ‘The intelligence detailed by our special Washing- ‘ton correspondents is of a very interesting and satis- factory character. It appears that despatches have been reeeived from Commander Hollins, of the sloop- of-war Cyane, which put 2 somewhat new face upon the San Juan affair. He states that, so far from his proceedings being disapproved by the British Consul at that place, they were undertaken at his express recommendation, as well as at the solicitation of the American citizens whose property the authorities had expressed a determination of destroying. The Americans, it seems, in the first place appealed to the British Consul for protection, but, as he could Rot interfere in their behalf, he advised them to ap- ply to Captain Hollins. The rumor that a conflict had taken place between the Cyane and the British war steamer Devastation is, of course, a hoax. The latter vessel was at Havana on the 29th ult., looking out for slayers. Another and later version of the story is, that a contest, which lasted several hours, had oc- ourred between the Cyane and an English sloop-of- war, in which the latter was captured. As to the appointments for foreign miasions, it is understood that they will be all sent to the Senate before the close of the week. Mr. Buchanan is still spoken of as the prominent man for the Court of St. James, but all the others are in a state of uncertain- ty. According to the vote furnished by our corres- pondent, seven of the eight Senators who opposed the confirmation of General Dix, as Sub Treasurer, were democrats. Under the head of Affairs in Albany, the reader will find considerable information with regard to the proceedings of the Legislature, on matters of special interest to this city, as well as to the State at lage. The Tarbox bribery case occupied the atteation of the Assembly till half-past ten o'clock on Saturday night. The result was the adoption of a resolution ordering the dismissal of Mr. Tarbox as an officer of the Bouse, and his jmprisonment in the Albany jail during the remainder of the session, and for a fur- ther texm not exceeding six months. Chief Justice Taney is reported to be very ill at his residence in Baltimore. We have received files of the Diario dela Marina, published at Havana, to the 29th of March, but they eontain no news of any interest, save what we give elsewhere, under the head of Central American affairs, and in comnection with General Santa Anna, who had arrived in Havana by the English steamer, and hed taken his departure for Vera Cruz. We looked with some degree of interest for the views which might be taken by the Cuban press of the inaugural message of President®Pierce; but though they nicke extracts from the New York Heratp of the 9th of Man*"—four days after the publication of the inaugural—they 40 not refer to this important document. Perhaps {t 1s true, as stated s short time ago, that the journals *ontaining it were excluded from the island. Advices from Bucios Aytes to the 18th ult. state | ‘that the revolution was still progressing. Several eonflicta had of late taken place, in which Urquiza’s forces gained ground. The French Admiral, having been authorized, had unsuccessfully endeavored to efiect an armistice with Urquiza. Whe unitarians were exerting themselves to overthrow the insur gents—everything was in confusion, and commerce was at a very low ebb. The report of the City Inspector, published in another column, shows that four hundred and one persons died during the week which ended last Sat- urday night. This was an increase of fourteen in the number of deaths when compared with the gross mount returned for the foregoing seven days. There is no epidemic prevailing, and fevers are less prevalent. Fifty-eight adults died of the consump- tion, fourteen from congestion of the lungs, eleven from scarlet fever, and fifty-two from inflammatory affections. Twenty-four children were carried away by dropsy of the head, whilst croup, convulsions, ‘marasmus, and measles operated upon others with their usual intensity. The number of fatal casualities was very large, no less than sixteen grown up per- sons having met either sudden or violent deaths. Thus, five died from apoplexy, one from a ruptured aneurism of the aorta, four were drowned, three murdered—one having died from wounds pre received—and three committed suicide. © the total according to sex, we find four men, one hundred and nine women, one hy @red and three boys, and one hundred and tive wir amongst the deceased. One hundred and twent nine infants were under one year, and tw m and thirty had not reached the age of hundred and seventy-six of the numbe preme Court, inelading the opinion of Judge Ed- wards granting the injunction on the former road, supported by Judge Strong, and the substance of the dissenting opinion of Judge Morris; Passages of the clipper ships John Gilpin and Flying Fish to San Francisco; Series of articles from the leading English journals, relative to Gen. Pierce’s Inaugural Address; The Burning of the British ship Berenice, and murder of her officers and crew; Further from Texas; Communication from the Husband of Miss Denin; Commercial, Theatrical, and Miscellaneous News; Advertisements, &c. New York and Its Legislative and Judicial Protectors. There are few persons in this metropolis so enamored of the system :pursued of late by its Common Council, or sv confident in the probity and wisdom of the city fathers, that they will not rejoice at ‘the recent mea- sures taken by the judicial and legislative authorities to check the hitherto uncontrolled and unchallenged action of those to whom had been confided the vast interests of this city. We publish to-day two documents of engrossing interest on this subject, namely, the decision of Judge Edwards—concurred in by Judge Strong —given in the Supreme Court on Saturday, confirming the injunction against the Broadway and other city railroads, and the substance of the contrary decision of the other member of the Court. (Judge Morris,) taking a totally dif- ferent view of the matter from that acted on by his learned associates. The first—that of Judge Edwards and Strong— seems to be predicated more particularly on the supposition that the streets of New York, but more especially Broadway, are private proper- ty and, therefore free from the .action and be- yond the control of the city goverment. The decision does not say so in so many words; it merely questions and leaves in abeyance the right of the Corporation over ihe streets; but the idea pervades, and probably has led to the conclusion and judgement of the majority of the Bench. The tangible point on which the de- cision is made to turn is that the Common Council did not use a fair diseretion in selecting the re- cipients of the Broadway Railroad grant; that it rejected, without any adequate public cause, various other offers which would have conduced more to the benefit of the city; and that, in fine, to use the words of the document, ‘there could be no other conclusion than that the Corporation has shown an entire disregard of the public in- terests and of its own duties.” On both of the grounds taken by the majority of the Court we dissent from the legality of the judgment. Nothing can be more preposterous than the idea, or insinuation, that the streets of the city are private property. It this judgment were to be received as law, then the owners of property on Broadway would be the persons— not.the Mayor or Common Council—to make a railroad grant, and to license and exercise con- trol over the omnibuses and other public convey- ances plying through it. Then railroad tracks, laid down and in operation in other streets,might be torn up by a posse of proprietors. Then there would be no power in the city legislature to remove nuisances, or to prevent the owners of property extending the sidewalks into the centre of the road, taking up the gas or water pipes on their portion of property, or encumber- ing the~street with their wares; or, if they thought that business was migrating upward too quickly, to their loss, there would be nothing to prevent the owners from turning Broadway into a cul-de-sac, by building across it at Fourth street. The supposition is too prepos- teyous to require any sort of reasoning except that of ad absurdum. The other ground assumed by the majority of the Court, appears to be no less untenable. If. as is alleged, the Common Council did not ex- ercise any fair discretion in the awarding of railroad grants—if they even did allow them- selves to be influenced by undue and criminal motives in making them—still the judiciary is not vested with power to impugn their mo- tives or annul their action. The Common Counoil of New York is a legislative body, an“ swerable to the people. by impeachment or criminal prosecution, for malfeasance in office, but quite independent of the judiciary for any other sort of legal proceedings. To our mind, the Marine Court might just as well issue an injunction to prevent the Legislature of the State from passing a new city charter, as for the Superior or Supreme Courts to take cogni- zance of the legislative action of the Common Council. Such. we see, is also the opinion of the mi- nority of the Court. Judge Morris has dissent- ed from his colleagues on both these proposi- tions, and has given a lucid statement of his opinion on the matter before him. In his opinion, the discretion of the Common Council n unfortunately exercived; but he coa- e that since that body was invested with mental power, the Courts @ no au- to interfere. aid, is the true, rational, Jndge Mor ives of [reland, tl China. We would pre emalified to give around de- ter since be speaks on points with which ke is more conversant than his col- leagues, amd of persons and things of which he might sey with Hneas—quorum pars magna fui. Judge.Morris was himself a member of the city legislature—having served as Mayor. Recorder, and, ex officio, President of the Board. of Supervisors. Therefore his experience is great, and his judgment is entitled to so much the more respect; and we have no doubt that when the matter is brought before the Court of ‘Appeals, as we learn it wil be, it will turn out that Judge Morris’s opinion is the legal and con- stitutional one. However. no matter what the decision of the Court of Appeals may be, it will be of great interest and importance to this community, and exercise, no doubt, a very salutary and much needed influence over the affairs of this metropo- lis. In the meantime, the railroads which were being laid down in pureuance of the Corporation grant—the Second Avenue, for instance, which is in a state of much forwardness—will be placed in abeyance, and the grantees will have to wait until the judgment of the Supreme Court be either confirmed or reversed. Still. no matter how it may turn out, the suspension of railroad operations will be but temporary: since the community has now recognized not only their desirablencss, but their absoluto ne- cessity to accommodate the vast up and down town traffic of the public. We shall. however, always regret to see a railroad in Broadway. Ifthe grants to'the present grantees be an- nulled, and if they be awarded on fairer and more unquestionable terms—as justice and fair play require they should—then we can console ourselves with the reflection that this time there will be less-objectionable means used to obtain them. The amendments to the New York city charter. passed by the Legislature on Saturday, sufficiently guard and provide against the exercise of any favoritism in the awarding of railroad, ferry. or other grants, by providing that they shall be given to the high- est bidder who shall give adequate security. There was no such-clause in the former char- ter; and hence these extraordinary instances of discretion exhibited by the Common Council. We:may felicitate the public that the storm of indignation which’has so recently surcharged the social atmosphere of this city, is dropping down such beneficent showers, and we trust that they will stimulate a luxurious harvest of prosperity, progress, and contentment, such as we'have never before had any experience of. Que Sovrnern Commerciat, Movement.—The planters, cotton growers and merchants of the Southern States, have, itis known, for some time past meditated and threatened the adop- tion of-measures calculaéed, in their opinion, to depreciate the greatness of this commercial metropolis, by diverting from it the trade of the South,-and concentrating it in one of the ports of that section of the country. A convention of that body met last summer at Baltimore, and appointed to hold the annual convention for this year at Memphis, Tennessee, on the first Monday in June. We understand that the principal and para- mount objects contemplated by the convention, and to ‘be brought under consideration at the meeting-in Memphis, are definitely these :— The establishment of a continental depot of cotton, in ep bom to Li . e direct exportation of cotten by the planter, thus wert with middlemen, middle ware- houses, le commissions, middle insurances, and all that interminable medium which eats up our substance and concentrates our exports at Liver- pool. To build up a Southern importing market, in sition to New York. nf once To establish, through railroad alliance, more sym- pathy with the great West and Northwest, socially, commercially, and nationally? To have one or more lines of steamersto Europe. To induce emigration through Southern ports, to pass to the West by a communication always open, Md pel and cheap; or to settle on our fertile ands. To stimulate manufactures and general industry. To educate our children at home—to spend our wealth at home. To aim at commercial and industrial independence. These objects are all more or less laudable. and we wish success to the association in their vari- ous enterprises. By all means let the planters establish measures to transact a more immedi- ate trade with the manufacturers, in the direct exportation of their cotton, and thus avoid the expenses. delays and ineonveniences of middle- men, middle warehouses, and all that is wrong in the present system. By all means let them build railroads, establish trans-Atlantic steam- ers, stimulate manufactures, and educate their children at home. It is right that they should do so—the South will greatly profit thereby, and the whole country will share in the benefits of such a system of internal developement. We don’t fear, however, that New York or Liverpool will be utterly destroyed in the con- summation of all these projects. We do not entertain any dread that our greatness or pros- perity will suffer the slightest diminution. Not atall. The natural advantages of our situa- tion will be a sufficient defence and barrier against all such attacks. The developements of the resources of the South will only give a stronger impetus to our present rapid rate of pro- gress. and therefore. gentlemen of the Southern convention, we are ready, with all our heart, to cheer you on in your undertaking, knowing that if you carry out your projects, they will considerably improve the South and redound to the benefit of the country at large. and above all to that of this great commercial metropolis. Therefore, gentlemen, prepare to go ahead at Memphis, and don’t let the whole scheme turn out a flash in the pan. Secretary Marcy anp our Wasntaton Cor. RESPONDENTS.—We admonish our Washington correspondents that mere speculations and commentaries by telegraph. upon political matters or individuals are dear for the money, at five cents per word. Facts—facts—give us the facts and reports from good authority, and such pointed: explanations as they may require to render them intelligible or effective. Lately, our despatches from Washington have enlarged pretty liberally to the disparagement or prejn- dice of Secretary Marcy. Will our telegraphic correspondents be kind enough to remember that.there has been a little “too much of this” at the present rate of tolls—five cents per word. Let them inform us of all that is going on in the cabinet and among the politicians worth knowing, and we will undertake the guardian- ship of the Premier. We will take care to keep him on the right line. Tre ConLecrorsHip. st Rumor,— s rumored about town ter in of the initiated hard shells. that Mr. O’Conor, Mr. Dickinson, Mr. Sickles lard shelle, are to meet the President is week, to persuade him even yet to Augustus Schell for Collector. If he will promire them to do it, Mr. Dickinson {is to ign to let Mr. Schell step in—if not. not ill be ing nows to the soft among very intere ehe The New Territory of Washington—Propesed for the Pacific Raiiroad. An “interesting article will be found in our columns this morning, descriptive of the new Territory of Washington, which is formed ofthe northern half of Oregon, and to which Major Stevens, of the Coast Survey, has been assigned as the first Governor. We are informed by Governor Doty, of Wis- consin, late from Washington City, that the principal object in appointing a topographical engineer of the superior abilities of Major Stevens to Washington Territory, is to secure, not only a survey of the territory itself, but, as the paramount object of his expedition, a care- ful survey of the whole route—say from Lake Michigan westward to Puget’s Sound—on the Pacific coast, with the view to the practicability of said route for.a railroad. By this route Major Stevens will probably pass the Rocky Mountains. through some of the defiles of the northernmost sources of the Missouri, five or six degrees north of the South Pass. On the western side of the mountains he will strike that branch of the Columbia known as Clark’s river, and will follow it, perhaps, westwardly to Fort Okanagon, where it suddenly bends to the southward. From this point the survey, if there should be a practical pass, will strike westwardly over the Cas- cade range of mountains to Puget’s Sound. one hundred and fifty miles, more or less. to the northward from the mouth of the Columbia. The advantages of this route are, first, its compara- tive abundance of timber throughout its whole extent, thus affording the materials for the sub- structure of the road, and for bridges, stations, houses, fuel. &c., which will be required; se- condty, the land along almost the entire length ofthe route is susceptible of settlement and cul- tivation, thus giving a practical guarantee of an inhabited line, which will afford protection, subsistence. ready repairs, and a large amount of way traffic to the road. The disadvantages of this route will no doubt be discovered by Majer Stevens to be the deep snows of winter, impracticable mountain defiles and barriers, and acountry west of the Rocky Mountains alto- gether too abruptly broken up by mountains, and hills, and bluffs, and deep canones, and vol- canic debris. too rough and rocky entirely for the Pacific Railroad. The second survey, which will be detailed under the appropriation of $150,000, as we learn, will take the familiar popular route of the Platte river, the South Pass, the Great Salt Lake, Mary’s river, across the de- sert, Towson’s, or some other pass, over the Sierra Nevada Mountains, and thence down the Sacramento to San Francisco. Of this route it is not necessary to say much, for it is almost as well known as the Cumberland road. Its great advantages are, its centrality, its directness, its gradual ascents and descents, its long levels, its advantageous passes, its |- wholesome climate from one extremity to the other. Its greatest drawbacks are, the sparsity of timber along the eatire line, and the natural obstacles of its soil and climate to the settle- ment or cultivation of the land. The third surveying corps, we understand, will take the southern route proposed by Mr. Rusk, of Texas, crossing Arkansas, the Indian territory, the northern corner of Texas, and across New Mexico to Albuquerque, and thence through some pass in that direction to the western side of the Rocky Mountains, and thence via the Spanish trail across the desert basin, turning the Sierra Madre Mountains at Walker’s Pasa, and striking the Pacific at San Diego. some five hun- dred miles south of San Francisco. We apprehend there is no advantage in this route over the other two, but that it combines, in an aggra- vated form, the worst disadvantages of both. From the frontiers of Arkansas it is but little more, by this southern line, than one continuous dreary, desolate, howling desert, to the Pacific ocean—hot as Africa in summer, while in the winter the mountains about Albuquerque are not unfrequently covered with from thirty to forty feet of snow, vide~Fremont’s tatal expe- dition. The results of the several surveys, however, will determine the location of the Pacific Rail- road. We trust that each of the two remaining corps to be detailed will also be under the con- trol of gome efficient scientific officer. upon whose observations and report the government and the public may rely. And of one fact— whatever route may be resolved upon—of one important fact we are quite sure : that the most careful scientific surveys will show that the proposed Pacific Railroad, if it is to be built within the next ten years, will not only require all the private skill, enterprise, and capital of the country that can be brought to bear upon it, but the credit of the government to the libe- ral margin of at least a hundred millions before the work is done. The President of the United States has made a good beginning in the preliminary work of the surveys. Let him follow it up, and by the meeting of the next Congress we shall be able to know which is the route for that great idea of the age—thht great work of manifest destiny —a continuous railroad from New York west- ward to the Pacific ocean. Meantime, why does not our Legislature put the ball in motion ? Aw Atrack upon THE Scuoon Funp.—A bill has passed the Senate of this State, and is now before the Assembly, ‘to authorize the Superintendent of Common Schools to pur- chase Stryker’s American Register, for the common school districts of this State.” This bill provides that the State Superintendent is authorized to purchase of Jasaes Stryker, the gonductor of Stryker’s American Register, his associates or successors, so many volumes of said work as shall be sufficient to supply the school districts that may signify their desire to purchase or obtain the same—the volumes to be bound, and not to exceed in price two dol- lars each, at which rate the Superintendent is to pay for the same out of the public moneys appropriated to district libraries. The distri- bution of the books is to be at the expense of the Siate, and to be paid out of the same fund. We have in our oflice a copy of Stryker’s Register. It is a magazine, of which five volumes were published, the last, we believe, in 1851. As there are about eleven thousand school districts in the State, this will be a fine job for the proprietor, should the bill pass and the districts all take his magazine, at ten dol- lars per ret; but it seoms to us wrong to take over one hundyed thousand dollars from a part of the echool fund appropriated to district libraries, to purchase a work of comparatively mall value, when so many more useful works for the people ean be had for the money. The Lill provides, alvo. for fature subscriptions by the State to this magazine, should it be pub- lished. to be paid for out of the same library thne committing the 8 mount, to snetain thie peri e to an untim- | just euch a plea. Waar tse Psorte or Exciixp Tame or Gangnat Prence.—The President’s inaugural address seems to have puzzled our transat- lantic brethren. The London Times—a thick and thin supporter of General Pierce during the canvase—has suddenly shifted its ground, and jilted the President of its affections. The inaugural, according to this amiable expounder, contains doctrines directly op- posed, not only to the principles of honor and equity, but algo to the best interests of this re- public. “Territorial expansion” has frighten- ed the “thunderer of Printing House square.” The notion of a practical movement, set on foot bythe President, to annex “possessions not within our jurisdiction,” has roused all the jealousy of the British lion, and, with tail erect and quivering mane, he is ready to pounce on whomsoever shall threaten to usurp his sove- reignty of the seas. Such, at all events. is the picture presented by the leading newspaper of Great Britain. Other journals—the Morning Chronicle, for instance—take a totally different view of the inaugural, and absolutely charge Gen. Pierce with federaliem, in its most fossil shape. All the democratic professions eontained in the former are set down as rhetorical flourishes, which are qualified and neutralized by the con- text and sequel. President Pierce is to rule, says the Chronicle, according to the old con- servative doctrines; and, loudly as the progress party in this country have boasted of the ad- vanced ideas of the new President, the British editor finds in the inaugural good grounds for congratulating General Pierce on the marked moderation and conservatism of his tone, as contrasted with that of Mr. Everett, We need not expatiate on the obtusencss of our neighbors in all that concerns America. But a few years ago honest Londoners wondered that an American could be white; and though the progress of education in Great Britain has been highly creditable since then, our excellent brethren d’outre mer have not yet mastered the rudiments of our politics. Hence the amu- sing nonsense they occasionally talk ; hence it was, that when the nominations were made, the London Times, being told by some saga- cious correspondent that the issue was free trade or protection, promptly espoused the cause of General Pierce; hence it was, that long after the lone star and other similar follies had become a stale joke on this side of the water, the same journal used to entertain its readers with portentous accounts of the movements of that terrible fraternity; hence it is that at present the London press are divided in opinion with respect to the inaugural—one portion de- claring that it goes too far, the other that it does not go far enough, One can easily comprehend how the Morn- ing Chronicle, and other minor journals, should have failed to appreciate the democratic and wexpansive tendencies of General Pierce’s open- ing address. or to reconcile the desire for territorial aggrandizement with a high sense of national duty and honor. Whatever ter- ritory the British have recently added to their empire has been obtained in delibe- rate violation of every precept of national duty—the /ea fortioris has been the only law British officers have recognized; and, if the na- tions whose independent rights they have tram- pled under foot have been weak and semi-barba- rous tribes, the offence of their oppressor is rather aggravated than mitigated by the fact. Our territorial limits have been expanded by no such means ; and when General Pierce used the expressions which have puzzled the London editors, he merely meant to convey his inten- tion of pursuing the policy of his predecessors. The Chronicle’s error is, we repeat, natural enough. But it is a matter of some wonder that co high a commercial and political autho- rity as the Times, should at once have read in the passage where General Pierce states that “ the attitude of the United States. as a nation, and their position on the globe, may render the acquisition of certain possessions not within their jurisdiction eminently necessary, impor- tant for their protection, and, perhaps, in the future, essential for the preservation of the rights of commerce and the peace of the world,” are announcements of designs against Cuba and Mexico. Are these the only spots on the continent to which the sentence will apply? Has the Times never heard of Tehuantepec, and the strip of land which Mexico ceded toa citizen of this country and then strove to wrest from its owner? Was there nobody in Lon- don who could tell the Zimes that at the time the inaugural was penned Mexico refused. in violation of its own contract, to cede to this country. or its citizens, a “possession not within our jurisdiction, but eminently neces- sary for our protection, and, perhaps, in the fu- ture, essential for the preservation of the rights of commerce and the peace of the world?” The editor of the Times must read up his file of the Herarp before he lectures us again on our wickedness, Tue SENATE AND THE CorprricHt QuEstTion.— We hope that there is yet some chance for the United States Senate to take up the copy- right question, and do something with it, one way or the other. If the old wischeads and wiseacres of that distinguished body will only condescend to consider the constitutionality of that old fashioned principle, that honesty is the best policy,” we apprehend there will be little difficulty in arriving at the constitu- tionality of the proposed copyright law. Let our vast book monopolies of New York. Boston and Philadelphia be compelled by law to abandon the practice of paying for- eign authors for their foreign trash, and we shall have a respectable literature of our own, which will have the direct tendency of checking the deadly poison which has been for years diffused through all the arteries of our social system, by our aforesaid pious book monopolies. We do trust the good old people of the Senate will take this matter up, put on their spectacles and look into it, and see if they cannot reconcile this copyright treaty—a measure of justice. honesty, and public morality—with the constitution of the United States. We should be happy if we could brush away the cobwebs from their dusty imaginations; but when a kink of unconstitutionality gets into their heads, these old folks of the Senate must be left to fight out the abstraction among themselves, The bill for the Pacific Railroad got snarled up in just euch a kink of unconstitutionality. The State of Mississippi repudiated her debts on We hope the United § Senate wiil not thus attempt to shirk t a esponsibility of meeting the copyright question face to face, by dodging behind the scare-crow of its uncon lonality. For the p of on the fair, epen manly merits of the catment, yea or nay yo sh'p Bavsbee bas been char ) Kaitimore sor Likeria about that of the United States Courts to-merrow, Tuesday. ‘There will be two trial branches of the Superior Court, ‘and two of the Common Pleas, where the calendars are- still very heavy, notwithstanding the vast number of” cases that have been disposed of. On the calendar of the Superior Court, made up for the ensuing three months, there are no less than nine hundred and thirty causes for trial before the summer vacation—including six actions against the Mayor and Corporation of New York, nine ‘egainst banks, twelve aguinst railroad companies, thirty- six against insurance companies, and seventeen against, varfous other public institutions. The great number of suits in which insuranee eom- panies are defendants shows their leve of litigation; and this proneress of some of those institutions to contest almost every claim made against them fer losses by fire and death, no doubt deters many persons from investing their money in other offices, where! the companies act. with honor and punctuality. ‘The business of the Court of Oyer and Terminer, which also commences this day, before Judge Edwards and Ale decmen Doherty and Peck, will be very serious. There are no less than six murder cases for trial, those of Thomas Nearey for the murder of his wife, Pat” rick Fitzgerald for @ similar crime, and Louie De Cora for the recent murder of Eugene Melville, at the corner of Greenwich and Reade streets In the United States Circuit Court, which will be opened. on Tuesday, before Judge Nelson, the case of the extradi+ tion of Thomas Kane, charged with shooting with intent to kill, and claimed by the British government as @ fugi- tive from justice in Ireland, will be brought up, the mat- ter having been sent back by the Court of Appeals for a re-hearing. We trust there will be no such excitement ‘as on the last occasion, and no such scene enacted ag there was on the removal of the prisoner from the Court to the Tombs, when the police were savagely assaulted with stones by a desperate mob. The sagacity of Chiof Matsell will, however, provide against a similar onslaught, In accordance with the established practice, the Grand Jury will be empanellea in the Court of Sessions, and all criminal cases where the parties are not already indicted will be submitted for theiraction. In capital ones, on & bill being found, it will be transmitted for trial to the Court of Oyer and Terminer. For trial in the Generay Sessions there are several grave cases of felony in the higher degrees, the eolice reports having lately exhibit- ed even a larger number than usual cf violence to per- sons, as stabbing, highway robbery, and one atrocious case of rape, for which four persons are now in eustody. The charge of burglary against the two policemen will, possibly, be brought to trial. All these, together with an ordinary number of grand larcenies, &c., will be dis« posed of here, a In the regular routine the Recorder would preside dur- ing the coming term, but being still engaged in the in- vestigation of the charges aguinst the Common Couneil, Judge Bebee will occupy his place. The Aldermen im rotation, are Messrs. Ward and Denman, ef the Fifteently and Sixteenth wards. Towards the close of *the last term Alderman Smith, by his counsel, pressed for trial on the indictment pending: against him,as he had declined to exercise his functions un. til the charge had been investigated and disposed of; but the- engagements of the District Attorney precluded the poa- sibility of then proceeding, and it is more than probable that the higher Court of Oyer and Terminer being simul- taneously in session may lead to the same reault now. Mr. Blunt has, however, a most able and effiefent repre~ sentative in bis assistant, Mr. A. Oakley Hall, and it is to be hoped the public, who are almost as anxious as the defendant, may be gratified by the trial being had. The annexed is the calendar of crime, as returned by Mr. Edmonds, the keeper of the prison :— CALENDAR. 5 False pretences 6 Slung shot., 6 Grand lareen; i Abandonment Murder , The icdictments for murder will be brought on trial im the Court of Oyer and Terminer. Marine Affairs. THE NEW STEAMSHIP AUGUSTA. The new steamship Augusta, the last addition to Mr, S, L. Mitchill’s New York and Savannah steam line, made a most excellent trial trip on Saturday. Her capabilities had been tested the previous week, in two short trips down tho bay, but as some further improvements had afterwards been introduced into her engine, it was deter- mined to test her again. She started from her dock at the Novelty Works, foot of Twelfth street, at half-past 8 o’clock, and arrived at Fort Hamilton in forty minutes. From the fort om Governor’s Island to the fort at the Narrows, her time was but twenty-two minutes exactly, very near- ly eight miles, according to the United States sur- vey, without allowing for a considerable detour to avoid the shad fishery grounds, and with a pressure of eighteen pounds of steam twenty miles were gone over in one hour and ten minutes. The greatest numbe™ of revolutions of her wheel, with a pressure of eighteen pounds to the square inch, was twenty per minute, cut- ting off half inch; vacuum twenty-five and a half to twenty-six inches, with a temperature of fresh feed water, as supplied by Pirsson’s condensers, of 135 deg. Fabrenheit. The engine, which is an “oscillator,” worked with unsurpassed regularity and smoothness during the whole time of the excursion—nearly six houre—without once stopping, and when she got back to her dock, there was not the least perception of heat in her journals—a most extraordinary circumstance with a new engine which had been worked up to twenty turas per minute. This is the fourth vessel Mosars. Stillman, Allen & 00.5 of the Novelty Works, have fitted with engines of this de~ seription—namely : the Ilinois (double engines;) Jonm L. Stephens, Edgar, (built for the Mexican government, }- and now the Augusta, all of which have more than an- swered the expectations of the builders. Independent of its action being direct from the piston rod to the shaft, and the power thereby much increased, it occupies much less space and weight than the ordinary side lever, or beam engine; has a much smaller number of parté, the strain upon the engine !s much less, the liablility to frace ture, consequently greatly diminished, and the cost of construction less. From the great success whieh has attended the introduction of this peculiar engine inta ships, it is very probable they will eventually be of general adoption, The hull of the Augusta was built by Mr. William H. Webb. She is a very handsomely modelled vessel, very sharp, with plain billet head and round stern, without ornament; save a narrow red streak,"she is of a uniform black outside. Her lines are ‘‘hollow,’’ a peculiarity of Mr. Webb's vessels, of his own conception, adopted some time back, and which he has seen no reason to abandon. Her burthen is about 1,500 tons. Her length on deck is 225 feet; breadth of beam, 86 feet; depth of hold, 213¢ feet. She has an entire solid bottom with live oak tops and ends, and she is strapped with double diagonal braces from stem to stern, -She carries three masts, the fore- mast square rigged. ‘The interior of the vessel is very complete. The saloon# —of which there are four, two on the upper deck, (over: which isa fine promenade deck,) and two on the lower week—are fitted up ina rich and tasty manner. There is 1so_ a Jadies’ boudoir on the lower deck, complete with every elegance. The state rooms number sixty one— twenty in the upper and forty-one in the lower saloons cach being fitted with two berths. The vessel, however, can accommodate with berths from 160 to 180 passengere on an emergeney, independent of the steerage. Al through the vessel the light and ventilation are most perfect, and nothing has been overlooked that can con- tribute in any way to the convenience of those who may journey on her. The Augusta, to judge by the speed at which she went on Ssturday, against » xtrong wind and ebb t'de, bids fair to be the fastest boat in the Southern trade. With the model of a clipper, and an engine of such power and regularity of works as that on board the Augusta, it must be a fast vessel indced that will beat her. She must soon become the favorite boat of the ine. The following are the officers of the vessel—all of whom were lately attached to the Florida Captain—thos. Lyon, (Commodore of the line.) Mate-J. Crowell. Chief Fogineer—Michael Smith. Steward—T, C. Chick. - he Augusta ianow lying at her dock, foot of Pier No. R., and will sail Ga Wednesday for Savannah, with, @large list of passengers. Svramenp Exeter Civ arrived yesterday from New Orleans, via Havana, Sho arrived at Havana in 66 hoars from New Orleans, on the 28th ult, and lefiat 8 A.M, on the 29th augmentation of two herens it we five shli- ngs to be an in em- an stated that they had eon the fo ployed: he soolrty. ( raping ta ur DEXt PALCr *s ° CHATELE:, Peovetary. —