The New York Herald Newspaper, March 5, 1853, Page 1

WHOLE NO. 7378 | THE NEW YORK HERALD. MORNING EDITION----SATURDAY, MARCH 5, 1853. HIGHLY INTERESTING FROM WASHINGTON. INAUGURATION FRANKLIN PIERCE, AS PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES Address to the People. The Policy of the New Administration. Splendid Programme for the Future. SCENES IN THE CAPITAL, ke, &, &. Wasnixctox, March 4—9 A. M. This being the last day for the transaction of public ‘business, both houses of Congress were in session all last night, and will probably not adjourn until a few minutes of 12 to-day. Drums have been boating since daylight, and firemen and military moving about in every direction. Snow is falling fast. There has been an immense crowd of visiters since day- break to the Jackson statue, the admiration of which is unbounded, The Capitol is swarming to overfiowing with ladies and strangers. Hundreds slept in the rotunda, and the warm Passages of Cthe apitol, lying down on their cloaks, whilst thousands were walking the streets all night. The first train this morning from Baltimore arrived at eight o'clock, and the second at nine, bringing about 2,000 passengers. Pedestriana and horses from the sur- rounding country are arriving in immense numbers, and the Alexandria boats are arriving every half hour, Joaded. Captain Bynders, with a delegation of the New York Enpire Club, with the Baltimore Empires, are marching through the streets, Hundreds of marshals, finely mounted, and equipped with badges and sashes, and the military and firemen, are moving to and fro, like an in- vading army, preparatory to forming. The military and firemen make a grand display. Presidents Fillmore and Pierce were serenaded during the night by the New York Continentals’ Band. ‘The suow ceased at 1134 A. M.; the weather is clearing up, and the sun peeping out. President Fillmore will vacate the executive mansion while the inauguration is progressing, and Gen. Pierce will be escorted to the mansion. The procession is now moving from the City Hall. They will macch around past Willard’s and take up the Presi- dent. The open space at the east front of the Capitol is Alling np, thousands of ladies being present, Both houses of Congress are still in seesion. The win- dows of the houses along the avenue are filled with ladies and flags are displayed acros#the avenue. The flag pole ia front of the Union office is decorated with the names of all the democratic States, eagles, and American flags. ‘The Manhattan Fire Company of New York sfrived here this morning, and were assigned a prominent po- sition in the inauguration ceremonies, ‘they appeared to much advantage, amd attracted universal attention. They have their splendid banner displayed across the “venue near Willard’s. Congress adjourned at 12 o’clock. The flag of the Senate was run down, but immediately hoisted again, on the ‘assembling of the new Senate. The following ia the programme of the arrangement at the Capitol, which was prepared by Senators Bright, Pearce, and Hamlin, who constituted the committe The doors of the Senate chamber will be opened at 11 o'clock, or as early thereafter bs the closing of the pre- nent session of Congress will permit, for the admission of Senators, and others who, by the arrangement of the committee, are entitled to admission, as follows:— ¥x-Presidents and Vice Prosidents. ‘The Chief Justice and Associate Justices of the Supreme ‘The Di , Heads of Departments, and ex. mewbers of either branch of Congress, and members of Congress elect. Officers of the Army and Navy who by name have re- ceived the thanks of Congress. Governors of States and Territories of the Union, and ex-Governors of States; the Comptrollers, Auditors, Rogis- ters, and Solicitor of the Treasury, Treasurer, Commis- sioners, Judges, and The Mayors of Washington and Georgetown; All of Whom will be adiaitted at the ‘north ‘door of the ‘apitol, Seats will be placed in front of the Secretary's table for the President clect aud the ex-President, and on their fright and left for the Committee of Arrangements. ¢ Chief Justice and Associate Judges of the Supreme Court will have seats on the right and left, infront of the eastern lobby. The Diplomatic Corps will occupy places without the ‘Dar, on the left of the principal entrance; Heads of De- periments, Governors of States and Territories, and other entlemen entitled to admission, will occupy those on ig ‘Members elect and ex-members of Congress will occupy the eastern lobby. The eastern gallery will be occupied by other citizens, who will be admit by the outside northeastern door only. The circular gallery will be reserved entirely for ladios, who will enter the Capitol from the terrace, by the prin: cipal western door, and be conducted te the rotunda and allery. . ‘The other doors and entrances to the Capitol, except oe. to be opened under this arrangement, will be kept loved. ‘The Senate will assemble at 12 o'clock. The Diplomatic Corps and the Justices of the Supreme Court will enter the Senate chamber a few minutes before the Pre-ident elect. ‘The President elect, accompanied by the Committee of Arrangements of the Senate, will proceed in a carriage from his lodgings to the northern gate of the Capitol quare, and enter the Capitol by the northern door; and the Senate being then duly organized, the President elect will be conducted to the seat prepared for him in the Senate. After a short pause, those assembled in the Senate chamber will proceed to the eastern portico of the Capi- ‘tol, in the following order:— he Marshal of the District of Columbia. ‘The Supreme Court of the United Statem ‘The Sergeant at-Arms of the Senate. "The Committee of Arrangements. ‘The President elect and the ex-President. The President pro tempore and the Secretary of the Senate. ‘The Members of the Senate. The Diplomatic Corps. ; Heads of Departments, Governors of States and Terri- tories, the Mayors of Washington and Georgetown, and other persons who shallhaye been admitted into the Senate chan.ber. On reaching the front of the portico, the President elect will take the seat provided for him on the frent of the platform. The ex-President and the Committee of Arrangements will occupy a position in the rear of the President elect. # Next, in the rear of these, the Chief Justice and tl Associate Judges of the Supreme Court will occupy the seats on the left, and the President pro tempore, Sec- retary, and members of the Senate, those on the right. ‘The Diplomatic Corps will occupy the seats next in the rear of the 2upreme Court; Heads of Departments, Gover- nors of States and Territories, and ex-members of the Senate, ex-members and members elect of the House of Representatives, in the rear of the memboss of the Senete, Assistants, with pink scarfs, Judiciary—Supreme Court. ‘The Cle rey: Military, under command of Col. Hickey. Briggs’ Battery, four cannon. Mechanieal Artillery, from’ Alexandria, two canon. Col, Frank Taylor's Flying Artillery, from Fout Molteary, four cannon. Portsmouth, Va., Artillery. A large detachment of U. S. Marines, with bands. Law Greys of Baltimore, and band, Young Guard, from Richmond, Va. Rifles, Richmond. National Guard of Harrisburg, the only company from Pennsylvania. New York Continentals, with Adkin’s Band. German Yagers, with Baltimore Band, Jackson Guard, Baltimore. Washington Guard, Baltimore. . Sharp Shooters, Baltimore. Washington Continentals. Trettiegton Haat Tofantry, nd. National Grays, Washington. Montgomery Guard, Washington. German ent, Baltimore. Mount Vernon Guard, Alexandria. Walker's Sharp Shooters, Washingtov. President of the United States, With the PRESIDENT ELECT, And suite, with citizens. Marshals on left, and United States Marshal for District 0” Columbia, and Deputies, on right. Committee of Arrangements. Senate of the United States. Foreign Ministers. Corps Diplomatic. Members elect, Members, and Ex-Members of Congress, and ex-Members of the Cabinet. Governors and ex-Gcvernors of States and Territories, and members of Legislatures of the same. Officers of the Army sand Navy, Marine Corps and Officers and soldiers of the Revolution and the war of 1812, and all other wars, The corporate authorities of Washington and Georgetown. ‘the Jackson Democratic Association. ‘The Georgetown Democratic Association. The Manhattan Fire Company, of New York. The Baltimore Democratic Association. ____ The New York Empire Club. The Baltimore Empire Club (in an immense omnibus, drawn by ten horses, and decorated with flags). Democratic Ficneers, of Baltimore, with Marshals and a The Democratic Association, of Alexandria, Virginia, ~ The Columbia Hose Company, of Baltimore, ‘The Washington firemen did not parade. The President elect stood erect in the carriage with President Fillmore by his side, surrounded by Marshals, and bowed to cons:ant cheers, and waving handkerchiefs from the windows. The foreign ministers made a fine appearance, in splen- did carriages, with full court dresses. The procession commenced passing the National Hote! twenty minutes before 1, ata brisk pace, and the end had passed at 1, being about a mile long. It commencod snowing again, which curtailed the civie portion of the procession. The procession reached the Capitol at one o’clock,"and the Presidents, with officials, passed into the Senate cham- ber. The President and President elect took seats in front of the Secretary’s table, with the Committee of Arrange- ments on their right and left. The Chief Justice and Associate Justices of the Su- preme Court were seated in front of the oastern lobby. ‘The diplomatic corpa were outside the bar, on the right of the principal entrance, and the heads of departments and Governors on the teft. Ata quarter past one o'clock, the Marshal of the District, with the Judges of the Su- preme Court, followed by the President and President elect, and the entire assemblage in the Senate, started in Procession {o the eastern front of the Capitol, where an immense steging was erected sufficiently large to accom- modate all. At half past one o'clock, all being arranged, the oath of office was administered to General Pierce by the Chicf Justice, as follows:— I do solemnly affirm that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will, to the dest of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the con. stitution of the United States. = i It will be remarked that General Pierce, in taking the oath, did not, as has been ordinarily the custum, say “I solemnly swear,” but I solemnly afiirm; and instead of kissing the book in Southern fashion, he raised his right hand and held it aloft until the pledge was read. The whole of the ceremony was admirably carried out. Pass- ing. through the Senate chamber, Mr. Fillmore, turning off towards a side door, was momentarily separated from Gen. Pierce, when the latter said, ‘this way—let us work right in;”’ axd in they went. The Inaugural was not pub- lished until near dark. The Union takes its time. Immediately before the address, when General Pierce took the oath, with head uncovered, and raising one hand to heaven, while he laid the otheron the Holy Book, the spectators also uncovered, even in the snow that was falling at that time, and many of them litted up their hands as if in an act of the most fervent devotion. It was a solemn scene. The address, which the President delivered unfalteringly from memory, and without a sin- gle note, was received with great enthusiasm by the vast multitude, particularly those portions of it that asserted the Monroe doctrine, the protection of American citizens abroad, the firm adherence of the President to the Com- promise measures, and hia determination to carry’ out the Fugitive Slave law. Cries of good, good, and other warm expressions of admiration, were elicited from the crowd. The sentiments—the tone of the address—the earnest manner in which it was spoken—his beautiful action—bis manly, erect appearance—his pale cast of countenance, in which intellect and courage were the pre- dominating features—and his clear, loud voice, distinctly beard by the remotest of his audience, all combined to make a deep impression in favor of General Pierce; and many asserted that this was the best inaugural address ever delivered from that spot. He is undoubtedly a very effective speaker, He remained with his hat off until the close of the proceedings. The ladies were in ecstacies, and so anxious were some who happened to be in the rear to see and hear him, that they climbed upon the pedi- ments of the columns of the Capitol, to their no small danger. Altogether, it was a glorious spectacle of sublime majesty, casting into the shade the idle pomp and un- meaning pageantry of the coronation of kings and em- perors. After this ceremony had been completed, the President stepped to the front of the platform, was greeted with enthusiastle cheers, and provésded to read the INAUGURAL ADDRESS. My Covntryex— It is a relief to feel that no heart but my own can know the personal regret and bitter sorrow over which I have been borne toa position so suitable for others, rather than desirable for myself. The circumstances under which I have been called, for a limited period, to preside over the destinies of tho re- public, fill me with a profound sense of responsibility, but with nothing like shrinking apprehension, I repair to the post assigned me, not to one sought, but in obedi ence to the unsolicited expression of your will, answer- able only for a fearless, faithful, and diligent exercise of my best powers. I ought to be, and am, truly grateful for the rare mani- festation of the nation’s confidence; but this, so far from tightening my obligations, only adds to their weight. Such other persons as are included in the preceding arrangements will occupy the steps and the residue of ‘the portico. All being in readiness, the oath of office will be admin- istered to the President elect by the ‘Chief Justice; and, on the conclusion of the President’s address, the mem- ders of the Senate, preceded by the President pro lempore, Secretary, and Sergeant-at-Arms, will return to the Benate chamber; and the President, accompanied by the Committee of Arrangements, will proceed to the Presi- dent’s house. ‘The Sergeant-at-Arms of (he Senate is charged with the execution of these arrangements; and, with the Marshal ofthe District of Columbia, aided by'the police of the Capitol, will preserve order. All carriages and horses will be excluded from the Capi- ‘tol square, whether in the use of the military or other- wire. ‘These arrangementa have been made with the desire that the greatest possible accommodation be giver to the the eeremonics. The arrangements wore, from necessity, formed with re- ference to the limited capacity of the Sonate chamber; and those for the exterior were deemed most appro) with a view of affording the assembled multitude an op portunity of witnessing the inauguration, ‘The procession is now countermarching on the avenue, in front of Willard’s. General Pierce has taken his seat in the carriage. Hells are ringing, cannon firing, and the excitement intense, The procession moved at 12 o'clock, in the following s Chief Marshal, with corps of aids. Marshals, with blue scarfs, white rosettos, white satin collars, trimmed with blue and pink,with batons, You have summoned me in my weakness: you must sus- tain me by your strength. When looking for the fulfil- ment of reasonable requirements, you will not be un- mindful of the great changes which have occurred, even within the last quarter of a century, and the convequent augmentation and complexity of duties imposed, in the administration both of your home and foreign affnirs. Whether the elements of inherent force in the repub- lic have kept pace with its unparalleled progression in territory. population, and wealth, has been the subject of earnest thought and discussion, on both sides of the ocean Less than sixty-three years ago, the Father of his country made “the’’ then ‘ recent accession of the important State of North Carolina to the constitution of the United States’? one of the subjects of his special congratulation, At that moment, however, when the agitation consequent upon the Revolutionary struggle had hardly subsided, when wo were just emerging from the weakness and embarrassments of the confederation, there was an evident consciousness of vigor equal to the great mission 0 wisely and bravely fulfilled by our fatherr. It was not ® presumptuous assurance, but a ealm faith, springing from a clear view of the sourees of power ina government constituted like ours. It is no paradox to say that, although comparatively weak, the new born nation was intrinsically strong In- was upheld by a broad and intelligent comprehension of considerable in population and apparent resourees, it rights, and anall-pervading purpose to maintain them, stronger than armaments. It came from the furnace of the Revolution, tempered to the ne- cessities of the times. The thoughts of the men of that day were as practical as their senti- ments were patriotic. They wasted no portion of their energies upon idle and delusive speculations; but, with a firm and fearless step,advanced beyond the governmental Jandmarks which had hitherto circumscribed the Imits of human freedom, and planted their standard where it has stood, against dangers which have threatened from abroad, and internal agitation, which has at times fearfully menaced at home. They approved themselves equal to the solution of the great problan, to understand which their minds had been illuminated by the dawning lights of the revolution. The object sought was nota thing dreamed of—it was a thing 10. alized. They had exhibited, not only the power to achieve, but what all history affirms to be so much moro unusual, the capacity to maintain. The oppress throughout the world, from that day to the present, have turned their eyes hitherward, not to find those lights ex. tinguished, or to fear lest they should wane, but to bo constantly cheered by their steady and increasing radi- ance, In this our country has, in my judgment, thus far, ful- filled its highest duty to suffering humanity. It has spoken, and will continue to speak, not only by its words but by its acts, the Isnguage of sympathy, encourage- ment, and hope, to those who earnestly listen to tones which pronounce for the largest rational liberty, But, after all, the most animating encouragement and potent appeal for freedom will be its own history, its trials, and its triumphs, Pre-eminently, the power of our advocaey reposes in our example; but no example, be it remembered, can be powerful for lasting good, whatever apparent advantages may be gained, which is not based upon eternal principles of right and justice. Our fa- thers decided for themselves, both upon the hour to de- clare and the hour to strike. They wore their own judges of the circumstances under which it became them to pledge to each other ‘their lives, their for- tunes, and their sacred honor,” for the acquisition of the priceless inheritance transmitted to us. The energy with which that great conflict was opened, and, under the guidance of a manifest and beneficent Providence, the un- complaining endurance with which it was prosecuted to its consummation, were only surpassed by the wisdom and patriotic spirit of concession which characterized all the counsels of the early fathers. One of the most impressive evidences of that wisdom is to be found in the fact, that the actual working ot our system has dispelled a degree of solicitude which at the outset disturbed bold hearts and far-reaching in- tellects. The apprehension of dangers from extended territory, multiplied States, accumulated wealth, and augmented population, has proved to be unfounded. ‘The stars upon your banner have be- come nearly threefold their original number, your dense- ly populated possessions skirt the shores of the two great oceans, and yet this vast increase of people and territory has not only shown itself compatible with the harmonious action the States and the federal government in their respective constitutional spheros, but has af- forded an additional guarantee of the strength and in tegrity of both. 7 With an experience thus suggestive and cheering, the policy of my administration will not be controlled by any timid forebodings of evil from expansion. Indeed, it is not to be disguised that our attitude as a nation, and our position on the globe, render the acquisition of certain possessions, not within our jurisdiction, eminently im- portant for our protection, if not, in the future, essen- tial for the preservation of the rights of commerce and the peace of the world. Should they be obtained, it will be through no grasping spirit, but with a*view to obvious national interest and security, and ina manner entirely consistent with the strictest observance of na- tional faith. We haye nothing in our history or position to invite aggression; we have everything to beckon us to the cultivation of relations of peace and amity with all nations. Purposes, therefore, at once just and pacific, will be signifcoutly marked in the conduct of our foreign affairs. { intend that my administration shall leave no blot ure. > x fair record, and teust I may safely give (Le ¢-uunce that no act -within the legiti- mate scope of 1» ¢ nstity iowal control will be tolerated, on the part of) portisn of our citizens, which cannot challenge a ready justification before the tribunal of the civilized world. An administration would be unworthy of confidence at home or respect abroad, should it cease to be influenced by the conviction, that no apparent advantage can be purchased at a price so dear as that of national wrong or dishonor. It is not your privilege, as a nation, to speak of distant past. The striking incidents of your history, replete with instruction, and furnishing abundant grounds for hopeful confidence, are comprised in a period comparatively brief. But if your past is limited, your future is boundiess. Its obligations throng the unexplored pathway of advancement, and will be limitless as duration. Hence, a sound and compre- hensive policy should embrace, not less the distant future, than the urgent present. The great objects of our pursuit, asa people, are bost to be attained by peace, and areentirely consistent with the tranquility and interests of the rest of mankind. With the neighboring nations upon our continent we should cultivate kindly and fraternal relations. We can desire nothing in regard to them so much as te see them consolidate their strength and pursue the paths of pros- perity and happiness. If, in the course of their growth, we should open new channels of trade, and create ad- ditional facilities for friendly intercourse, tho benefits realized will be equal and mutual. Of tho com- plicated European systems of national polity we have heretofore been independent. From their wars, their tumults and anxieties, we bave been, happily, almost entirely exempt. Whilst these are con- fined te the nations which gave them existence, ,and within their legitimate jurisdiction, they eannot affect us, except as they appeal to our sympathies in the cause of human freedom and universal advancement. But the vast interests of commerce are common to all mankind, and the advantages of trade and international intercourse must always present a noble field for the moral influence of a great’people. ‘With these views firmly and honestly carried out, we have a right to expect, and shall under all circumstances require, prompt reciprocity. The rights which belong td ngasa nation, are not alone to be regarded, but those which pétinin to every citizen in his individual capacity, at home and abroad, must bo sacredly maintained. £0 long as he can discern every star in its place upon that ensign, without wealth to purchase for him preferment, or title to secure for him place, it will be his privilege, and must be his acknowledged right, to stand unabashed even in the pre. sence of princes, with a proud consciousness that he is himself one of a nation of sovereigns, and that he can not, in legitimate pursuit, wander so far from homo that the agent whom he shall leave behind in the placo which I now occupy will not ree that no rude hand of power or tyrannical passion is laid upon him with impunity. He must realize that upon every sea, and on every soil, where our enterprise may rightfully seek the protection of our flag, American citizenship is an invio lable panoply for the security of American rights. And, in this connexion, it can hardly be necessary to reaffirm & principle which should now be regarded as fundamen. tal. The rights, security, and repose of this Confederacy reject the idea of interfereree or colonization on this side cf the ocean by.any foreign power, beyond present jurisdiction, as utterly inadmissible. The opportunities of observation furnished by my brief experience as a soldier, confirmed in my own mind the opinion entertained and acted upon by others from the formation of the government, that the maintenance of large standing armies in our country would be not oply dangerous, but unnecessary. They also illustrated the importance—I might well say the absolute necessity—of the military science and practical skill furnished in such an eminent degree by tho institution which has made your army what it is, under the discipline and instruction of officers not more distinguished for their solid attainments, gallantry, and devotion to the public service, than, \ for unobtrusive bearing and high moral tone. The | army, as organized, must be the nucleus around which inevery time of need the strength of your military power, the sure bulwark of your defence—a national mi- litin—may be readily formed into a well disciplined and efficient organization. And the skill and self-devotion of the navy assure you that you may t ke the performance of the past asa pledge for the future, and may confidently expect that the fag which bas wayed its watarnished PRICE TWO CENTS. folda over every sea will still float in undiminished honor. But these, like many other subjects, will be appropriate ly brought ata future time to the attent‘on of the co- ordinate branches of the government, to which I shalt always look with profound respect, and with trustful con- fidence that they will accord to me the aid and support which I shall so much need, and which their experience and wisdom will readily suggest. ‘ In the administration of domestic affairs you expect a devoted integrity in the public service, and an obser- vance of rigid economy in all departments, so marked as never justly to be questioned. If this reasonable expectation be not realized, I frankly confess that one of your leading hopes is doomed to disappointment, and that my efforts, in a very important par- ticular, must result in a humiliating failure. Offices can be properly regarded only in the light of aids for the accomplishment of these objects; and as occupancy can confer no prerogative, nor importunate desire for prefer- ment any claim, the public interest imperatively demands that they be considered with sole reference to the duties to be performed. Good citizens may well claim the protection of good laws and tho benign influence ef good government; but a claim for office if what the people of a republic should never recognise. No reasonable man of any party will expect the administration to be so regardless of its responsibility, and of the obvious elements of success, as to retain persons kuown to be under the influence of political hostility and partisan prejudice, in positions which will require not only severe labor, but cordial co-operation, Having no implied engagements to ratify, no rewards to bestow, no resentments to remem- ber, and no personal wishes to consult, in selections for official station—I shall fulfil this difficult and delicate trust, admitting no motive as worthy either of my eha- racter or position whioh does not contemplate an effi- cient discharge of duty aud the best interests of my country. I acknowledge my obligations to the mas- ses of my countrymen, and to them alone. Higher objects than personal aggrandizement gaye direction and energy to their exertions in the late canvass, and they shall not be disappointed. They require at my hands diligenco, integrity, and capacity, wherever there are duties to be performed. Without these qualities in their public servants, more stringent laws for the yye- vention or punishment of fraud, negligence, and pecula- tion, will be vain. With them, they will be unneces™ rary. But these are not the only points to which you look for vigilant watchfuiness. The dangers of a concentration of all power in the general government of a confederacy like ourstare too obvious to be disregarded. You have a right, therefore, to expect your agents, in every department, to regard strictly the limits imposed upon them by the con- stitution of the United States. The great scheme of our constitutional liberty rests upon a proper distribution of power between the State and Federal authorities; and experience has shown that the harmony and happiness of our people must depend upon a just discrimination between the separate rightsand reaponsibilities of the States, and your common rights and obligations under the General Government. Andhere, in my opinion, are the considerations which should form the true basis of future concerd in regard to the questions which have most seriously disturbed public tranquillity. If the federal government will confine itself to the exer- cise of powers clearly granted by the constitution, it can hardly happen that its action upon any question should endanger the institutions of the States, or interfere with their right to manage matters strictly domestic accord: ing to the will of their own people. In expressing briefly my views upon an important sub- ject which has recently agitated the mation to almost a fearful degree, Iam moved by no other impulgg than &@ most earnest desire for the perpetuation of that Union which has made us what we are—showering upon us blessings and conferring a power and influence which our fathers could hardly have anticipated even with their most sanguine hopes directed to a far-off future. The senti- ments I now announce were not unknown before the expres. sion of the voice which called me here. My own position upon this subject was clear and unequivocal,’ upon the re- cord of my words and my acts, and it is only recurred to at this time because silence might, perhaps, bo misconstrued. With the Union my best and dearest earthly hopes are entwined. Without it, what are we, indtviteally or collectively?—what becomes of the noblest field ever opened for the advancement of our race in religion, in government, in the arts, and in all that dignifies and adorns mankind? From that radiant constellation, which both illumines our own way and points out to struggling nations their course, let buta single star be lost, and, if there be not utter darkness, the lustre of the whole is dimmed. Do my countrymen need any assurance that such a catas- trophe is not to overtake them while I possess the power to stay it? It is with me an earnest and vital belief, that as the Union has been the source, under Providence, of our prosperity to this time, so it is the surest pledge of a continuance of the blessings we have enjoyed, and which we are sacredly bound to transmit un- diminished to our children. The field of calm and free discussion in our country is open, and will always be so; but it never has been and never can be traversed for good in a spirit of sectionalism and uncharitableness. The founders of the republic dealt with things as they were presented {o them, in a spirit of self-sacrificing pa- triotism, and, as time has proved, with a comprehensive wisdom which it will, always be safe for us to consult. Every measure, tending to strengthen the fraternal feel- ings of all the members of our Union has had my heart- felt approbation. To every theory of society or govern. ment, whether the offspring of feverish ambition or of morbid enthusiasm, calculated to dissolve the bonds of Jaw and affec ion which unite us, I shall interpose a ready and stern resistance. I believe that involuntary servitude, as it exists in diiferent States of this confedera cy, is recognised by the constitution I believe that it stands like any other admitted right, and that the States wherein it exists are entitled to efficient remedies to enforce the consiitutional Provisions. I Lold§ that the laws of 1860, commonly called the *‘com- promise measures,” are strictly constitutional, and to be unhesitatingly carried into effect. I believe that the constituted authorities of this republic are bound to re- gard the rights of the South in this respect, as they 1d view any other legal and constitutional right, and that the laws to enforce them should be respected and obeyed, not with a reluctance encouraged by abstract opinions as to their propriety in a different state of coclety, but cheerfully, and accerding to the de- cisions of the tribunal to which their exposition belongs. Such have been ,and are” my convictions, and upon them i shall act. ‘I fervently hope that the question isat rest, and that no sectional, or ambitious or fanatical ex- citement may again threaten the durability of our insti- tutions, or obseure the light of our prosperity. x But let not the foundation of our hope rest upon man’s wisdom. It will not be sufficient that sectional prejudices find no place in the public deliberations. It will not be sufficient that the rash counsels of human passion are re ected. It crust be felt that there is no national security ut in the nation’s humble, acknowledged dependence upon God and his overruling providence. ; We have been carried in beni A through a perilous crisis, Wise counsels, like those which gave us the con stitution, prevailed to uphold it. Let the poriod be re- membered as an aimonition, and not as an enconrage- ment, in any section of the Union, to make experiments where experiments are traught with «uch fearful hazard. Let it be impressed upon all hearts, that, beautiful ax our fabric is, no earthly power or wisdom could ever re-unite its brokeh fragments. Standing as Ido, almost within view of the green slopes of Monticello, and, as it were, within reach of the tomb of Washington, with all the cherished memories of the past gathering ‘around me, like so many eloquent yoices cf exhortation from Heaven, I can express no bettor hope for my country, than that the kind Providence which smiled upon our fathers may enable their children to preserve the blessings they have inherited. The reading of the address was followed by loud cheer ing and the firing of cannon, and enthusiasm prevailed to the greatest extent. General Pierce delivered his inaugural address, after taking off his overcoat, amid immense cheering, just ex: actly as if he were delivering an extempore speech, He had ne paper or any notes, but delivered the address beauti- fully and gracefully, without o blemish, to the end. It will be remembered that Presidents Taylor, Polk, and others, read their addresses from the manuscript. When he came to that part of his address which related to the protection of American citizens abroad, he turned face to face with Mr. Fillmoré and the diplomatic corps, and laid down the law with thrilling emphasis, and when he again turned to the mass of the people in front, occupying the vast square below, they shouted with delight, and every man of the fifty thousand in the streets declared that Pierce is the man for the times. On the completion of the address, the procession again formed, and procee'ed glons the ayenue, escort ny Pre sident Pierce to the executive mansion, and leaving Mr. Fillmore at Willard’s. The immense area on the eastern front of the Capitol was one compact mass of people, not one third of whom could hear. President Pierce is a graceful ani striking speaker, and his voice, although not equal to reach to the extent of the enormous multitude that surrounded him, was clear and distinct, and his style of delivery was excellent. He has appeared remarkably clastic, cool, and self-pos- sessed for the last few days, but especially to-day. He rose at daylight and has been busy the entire day, and he evidently feels that has the game in hand and intends to hold it, Mr. Fillmore’s cabinet made the best of their time to the last moment. For weeks past they have been filling offices with bogus democrats, appointed at the solicita- tion of whigs who resigned. Even as late as yesterday a postmaster in the State of New York was appointed in this way. The whole matter will be thoroughly investi- gated. Acompany of fantasticals, dressed in rags and tatters, marched along the avenue whilst the procession was passing, who received some rough usage. The pageant is over and the multitude is dispersing. This is a revolution of the government in a carnival. Large masses followed the President to the White House, and waited upon him in the usual reception room. Mr. Fillmore took immediate possession of the apart ments at Willard’s, just vacated by General Pierce, in tending to occupy them for a few days prior to the com mencement of his Southern tour. Snow continued falling shghtly during the day, melting asit fell, and not particularly interfering with the in- augural ceremonies, This evening several balls and other entertainments are given to the military and other guests, The hotels and boarding houses, though somewhat re: Keved, are still thronged. THE LAT! SPECIAL TELEGRAPHIC CORKESDOS HERALD, Wasitxcrox, March 4—10 P. M. It is reported that after the inaugural General Seott thanked the President for his remarks on Weat Point and the army. After having received a host of people at the White House, General Pierce retired, and the doors closed. Ex- President Fillmore took up his quarters at three o'clock in the rooms at Willard’s, vacated by his successor two hours previously. A few friends dined with General Pierce at the White House, but Mr. Fillmore, consulting the General's repese, declined. ‘They will dine together, perhaps to morrow. ‘The White House is closed to-night to all visiters. Its hew occupant has made amighty sensation to-day. At eight o’clock the storm continued, and the army of incursion was leaving by thousands. Vivela Republique ! UNION. Historical Notices of the Inauguration of the Presidents. The occasion of the inauguration of a new Presi- dent renders appropriate the following sketch which we have prepared of the various inaugurations since the organization of the government. We omit the second inaugurations of the five Presidents who were re-elected, as they were but matters of form of little interest. We precede the notices by a list of the Presidents and Vice Presidents who have been elected :— PRESIDENTS AND VICE PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES, FROM THE ADOPTION O¥ THE CONSTITU- TION TO THE PRESENT TIME. ¥ THE YORE Term Vice Presidents. began Presidents. 1. George Washington......Joln Adams... Do. do. ies 2. John Adams... ‘Thomas Jefferson. 3. Thonihs Jefierso Aaron Burr... 0. George Clinton: 4. James Madison do, Do Elbridge Gerry 5. Yames Monroe, Daniel D. Tompki Do. do. 6. John Quiney Adam ohn ©. Cathoun , 7. Andrew Jackson os 0. f Martin Van Bure: 8. Martin Van Buren. 9. William H. Harrison. 10. John Tyler.. 11. James ‘K. Polke. :1! ‘orge M. Dallas 12. ¥7nchary Taylor... 13. Millard Fillmore. 14. Franklin Piere Millard Fillmore, “1850, vyere,Wm, Rufus King... ...1893, * Died in office and suecceded by the Vice President, AGES OF THE RESPECTIVE PRESIDENTS AT THE TIME OF THEIR INAUGURATION. Inauguratet. 1. George Washington April 30, 178: John Adams... ch 4, 1797 Mareh 4, 1801 2 # . Thomas Jefferson ., 4. James Madisoi March 4, 1809 5. James Monroe... .. larch 4, 6. John Quiney Adams,..../March 4, 7. Andrew Jackson... -Mareh 4, 1829 8, Martin Van Buren,......March 4) 1837 | 9. William Henry Harrison..March 4, 10, James Knox Polk, ‘March 4 Ul. Zachary Taylor, ...Mareh 5, 12. Franklin Pierce... 1.12)/March 4, 1853 Average oge of the Presidents, when elected, 58 N. B.—Vice President John Tyler was 51, and Millard Fillmore 50 years of age, at the period of succeeding to the Presideney, by the death of the Presidents, Harrfson and Taylor. ~~There have been nineteen presidential elections, of which five were re-elections of the President; and fourteen persons have held the office of President, in- cluding Gen. Pierce. Thirtesn persons have been elected Vice President, of whom two, Clinton and Gerry, died in office. Three of the persons who have been elected Vice President have been elevated (by election) to the Presidency, viz. : John Adams, Jefferson, and Van Buren. WASHINGTON—1789, The inauguration of George Washington, as the first President of the United States, took place in New York, in the City Hall, then called Federal ‘1841 1845 1849 The oath of office was administered by Chief Justice Marshall, after the address was delivered. The Vice President, Colonel Burr, took his seat in the Senate thesame day. It was a day of gloom to the defeated federalists, and, of course, of joy to the successful republicans. MADISON—1809. The inauguration of James Madison took place in the Capitol, at Washington, on the 4th of March , 1809. The onth of office was administered to the President by Chief Justice Marshall, in the presence of ex-President Jefferson—who sat at the right hand of Madison—the members of the late cabinet, many members of Congress, foreign ministers, and a large concourse of citizens. The President was dressed in a plain suit of black, and delivered the address in a modest and dignified manner. moNnRoE—1817. The inauguration of James Monroe, on the 4th of March, 1817, was preceded by a procession from the residence of the President elect to Congress Hall, im Washington city, where the usual ceremonies were performed. The President and Vice President elec: were attended by a great number of citizens, a: an escort, and all entered the chamber of the Senate, which body was then is session; the Vice-President, Tompkins, took the chair, and the oath of office being administered to him, he delivered a short address, Rx- President Madison and the Judges of the Supreme Court were present. After the ceremony, the Senate adjourned, and the President, with his attendgnts, proceeded to an ele vated portico temporarily erected for the occasion, where, in the presence of a large concourse of citi zens and strangers, he delivered his inaugural ad- dress, after which the oath of office was administered by Chief Justice Marshall. The number of persons present was estimated at over five thousand. The day was mild and pleasant. SOUN QUINCY ADAMS—1825, The inaugural address of Mr. Adams was delivered in the Capitol, on the 4th of March, 1825. The Pre- sident elect, ina plain suit of black, ascended the steps to the Speaker's chair in the House of Repre- sentatives, and took his seat. He was attended by the ex-President, Monroe, by the Judges of the Sa- preme Court, the Vice President, Calhoun, the Sen- ators, and a number of members of the House. After silence was proclaimed, Mr. Adams rose and deliver- ed his address, which was listened to with great at- tention and interest. After the address, the Presi- dent descended from the chair, and placing himself at the Judge’s table, the oath of office was adminis- tered to him by Chief Justice Marshall, in presence of the immense audience of citizens and strangers who had assembled in the Capitol. JACKSON—1829. On the 4th of March, 1829, the President elect was escorted from Gadsby’s Hotel to the Capitol. There was a large assemblage of people at Washington to witness the ceremonies of the occasion. The President elect and other dignitaries first en- tered the Senate chamber, and remained until the Senate adjourned, about noon, when a proces- sion was formed to the eastern portico of the Capi- tol, where, in the presence of the large assembly of spectators, General Jackson delivered his inaugural address. Having concluded it, the oath to support the constitution was administered to him by Chief Justice Marshall. The day was serene and mild, and every way favorable to the wishes of those who had come from a distance to witness the inaugura- tion. Gencral Jackson did not call upon President Adams, and the latter was not present at the cere- mony of the 4th at the Capitol. VAN BUREN—-1837. There was nothing peculiarly remarkable in the inauguration of Mr. Van Buren, on the 4th of March, 1887. General Jackson accompanied the President elect in a carriage to the Capitol, a procession having been formed, and the address was delivered from the eastern portico of the Capitol. The oath of office was administered, at the close, by Chief Justice Taney. The weather was remarkably pleasant, and, as @ual, there was a large concourse of people present. HARRISON—1841. Washington city was more thronged with people, at the inauguration of Harrison, on the 4th March, 1841, than on any former occasion. The procession was large, and General Harrison was mounted on a white charger. As on former occasions, the in- augural address was delivered from a platform on the east portico of the Capitol. Previous to delivering the closing sentences, the oath of office was ad- ministered by Chief Justice Taney, after which the President pronounced the concluding passages of the address. POLK—1845. The ceremonies on the 4th of March, 1845, at the inauguration of Mr. Polk, were performed in the midst of a heavy rain, which marred the enjoyments and defeated the expectations of many, and pre vented much of the intended exhibition and display- The procession moved from the headquarters of the President elect, at Coleman's Hotel, to the Capitol, The Senate being in session, the oath was adminis- tered to Mr. Dallas, Vice President elect, who deliver” ed a brief address. The President elect, attended by ex:President Tyler and Senator Woodbury, entered Hall, situated where the Custom House now stands, on Thursday, the 30th of April, 1789. The votes were counted by Congress on the 6th of April, and the official announcement was made to Washington, at Mount Vernon, on the lith of April, by Charles Thompson, the special messenger despatched for the purpose. The President arrived in New York onthe 23d of April, and was received with acclamations and military honors. One week afterwards, the arrange- meuts for the purpose being completed, the inaugu- ration took place. To gratify the public curiosity, an open gallery, adjoining the Senate chamber, had been selected by Congress as the place in which the ceremony should take place. The oath was adminis- tered by Chancellor Livingston, after which the Pre- sident returned to the Senate chamber, and delivered his inaugural address, which was at the same time his opening speech to both houses of Congress. JOHN ADAMS—1797. The inauguration of John Adams, as the second President of the United States, took place in Inde- pendence, or Congress Hall, Philadelphia, on the 4th of March, 1797, in the presence of a large con- course of people, among whom were the ex-President, Washington, Mr. Jefferson, the Vice President elect, the heads of departments, many members of Congress, foreign ministers, and other distinguished persons. Mr. Adams, who was then in his sixty-second year, was dressed in a full suit of pearl-colored broadcloth, and wore his hair powdered, as was then the fashion. Before the oath of office was administered to the new President by the Chief Justice, he delivered his inau- gural address. It was different from that of his pre- decessor, which had been addressed to Congress while in session, while this of Mr. Adams wasa declaration of his sentiments, without being ad- dressed in the form afterwards adopted by Jefferson : “Friends and fellow-citizens.” The sentiments and style of Mr. Adams’ inaugural produced a favor- able impression upon the people. JEFFERSON—L1801. The inaugural address of Mr. Jefferson was do- livered on the 4th of March, 1801, in the new Capitol, at Washington, in presence of the Vice President, (Burr,) the Senators, many members of the House of Representatives, the foreign ministers, and a large concourse of citizens. The site of Washington city was then a comparative wilderness, and difficult of approach from the imperfect state of the ronda the Senate chamber, whem a procession was formed toa platform on the east front of the Capitol, from which President Polk delivered his inaugural ad- dress. Chief Justice Taney then administered the oath of office, after which the President, quitting the Capitol, drove rapidly, by an indirect route, to the President's House, where he received, during the afternoon, the congratulations of his fellow-citizens. { TAYLOR—1849, On Monday, March 5, 1849, the inauguration of Gen. Taylor, as President of the United States, took place at’ the Capitol. The multitude of people as- sembled on the occasion is supposed to have been much larger than was ever before collected in Wash- ington. The weather, although the sky was clouded, was as pleasant as usual at this season of the year. The procession moved from Willard’s Hotel to the Capitol, the President elect being accompanied in the carriage by the ex-President, Mr. Speaker Win throp, and Mr. Scaton, the Mayor of Washington. The Senate being in session, Mr. Fillmore, the Vice President, after the oath was administered to him hy the President pro tem.—Mr. Atchison—delivered an address, and took his seat as President of the Se- nate. The President clect and attendants having en- tered the Senate chamber, the usual procession was formed to the east portico of the Capitol, where an extensive platform had been erected. At about one o'clock, General Taylor, in full view of at least twen- ty thousand people, from all parts of the Union, de- livered his inaugural address. It was readin a re- markably distinct voice, and was enthusiastically responded to by the cheers of the people. As soon as the applause had subsided, the oath of office was administered to the President by Chief Justice Taney. The President then received congratulations from numerous persons present, Chief Justice Taney and ex-President Polk taking the lead. The Presi- dent and the procession then retired down Penn- sylvania avenue from the Capitol to the President's House, where General Taylor received, ames customed courtesy, the Congratulations of of his fellow citizens. “ PIERCE—1853, The particulars of the of General Piérce, the fourteenth President of the United States, (or the twelfth elected to that office,) will be found in our columns of today, under the appropriate head,