The New York Herald Newspaper, February 28, 1853, Page 4

eee per cent, and this year no doubt there will bea | ARRIVAL OF THE UNITED STATES. NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, PROPRIETOR A @PFIVE N. W. CORNER OF FUL’ AMD NASsAT ETS. TERMS. cash in adomue. ‘WHE DAILY HERALD. 2 cents per copy—$1 per annum. THE WEEKLY HERALD, every Saturday, at 634 cents per copy, or $3 per 5 the Ealition, qanamn fo any part Great Britain, ani $5 to any part of he Conte to include the postage. ALL LETTERS by mail, for s or with Ad sements, 10 be post paid, or the postage will be deducted rom he ‘ rOLU: SPO. NCE, conta im. VOLUNTARY CORRESPONDED * Portamt news, solicited from are ‘will be liberally paid “for. DAWN ARE PARTICULAKLY GLU “yo NOTICS of Cimonymoue communications, We do return those reqected. - Ob PRINTING executed with neatness, cheapness, and "DV ERTISEMEN TS renewed every day. GN CORKESPON- TO SKAL all Laerrens AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery—Tarxe Grannsmay—De Yu's BRivek BROADWAY THEATRE, Broadway—Warre Siave ov EwoLanp—Navat EXGaGEMEnTs, NIBLO’S—Livps Di Caavounrx BURTON'S THEATRE, Chambers street—Twaurm Nici | —Pmaommoy. NATIONAL THEATRE, Chatham street—Kanrs—Bvrr. | Kys—O'Neat tue Guat WALLACK’S THFATRE, Broadway—Lapy or Lyovs— Boeu Lire Brow Stairs. AMERICAN MUSEUM—Afternoon—Forrene’s Frouc —Famiy Jars, Bvening—Brca Brarp. ST. CHARLES THEATRE, Bowery—Fonrer Rosu—Loay | or 4 Loven—Dovnts Beppsp Room. OBRISTY’S OPERA HOUSE, 472 Broadway—Brmorux | Msaoom sy Curry’: Orme TRoCrE. WOOD'S MINSTRELS, Wood's Musical Hall, 444 Broad | way—Emnorian MINSTRELSY. GERCUS, 37 Bowery—FQueerian ENTRRTALSMENTS, GEORAMA, 586 Broadway—Banvakb’s PaNoRaMa OF | wus Hory Lexn. HELLER’? SOTRINQ YYSTERIEUSES, 899 Broadway. | RISLEY’S TOM et 406 Broodway.™ | BOPE FAL, Broadway.—Grasp Concent. New York, Monday, February 2, 1353. Malis for Earope. THE NEW YORK WEEKLY HERALD. The royal mail steamship America, Capt. Leitch, will | keave Boston at noon on Wednesday, for Liverpool. Subscriptions and advertisements, for any edition of the | Naw Yor« Herp, will be received at the following places | in Europe — Liverrooi—Johnglunter, N Loxpos—Edward Sandford & Co., Cornhill “ Ww. Thonias & Co ‘0. 19 Catherine street. Panis—Livingston, Wells & Co., Rue de la Bourse. be B. H. Revoil, No. 17 Rue de ja Banque. ‘Fhe European mails will close in this city, at one and three o'clock to-morrow afternoon. The Wxexty Henan will be published at half-past nine o'clock A. M Single copies, in wrappers, sixpence. 2 Paradise street. ‘The News. Our columns this morning contain a large amount of unugually interesting matter, both to the politician and the general reader. While one of our Washing- ton correspondents asserts, upon reliable authority, that the cabinet is a ‘‘fixed fact,” as published in our eolumns some three days ago, another takes the mames and re-arranges them according to the latest ramors. This is becoming a rather stale and un- profitable subject—however, as it occupies but little Space, we may as well keep the reader posted ep with regard to all that is going on. As was to be expected, the supposed arrangements of General Pierce have given great dissatisfaction to a few disappointed parties—but it is impossible for him to please all; and if a large number of the horde of hungry office-seekers now in Washington do not return home lighter in purse, and much wiser, than they now are, it will be wonderful. Inthe meantime, the General keeps his own counsel, goes to church, dines with the multitude at his hotel, and otherwise enjoys himeelf as well as circumstances will permit. In connection with other political matters, we to-day give the names of some of the numerous expectants of the different fat offices that are to be filled—and, also, lists of the members elect of the next Congress. The great event in Washington yesterday seems to have been the marriage of the rich and accom- plished widow of Gen. Ashley, of Missouri, to Attor- ney General Crittenden. The nuptial ceremonies were attended by the President elect, President Fillmore, many members of the present as well as prospective eabinets, and a great number of other distinguished personages. We elsewhere publish the report of the Secre- tary of the Navy, relative to the proposed esta. blishment of a line of six steamers, to ply between fan Francisco, China, the Sandwich Islands, &c., accompanied by a copy of the rejected amend- ment to the Navy bill for the construction of said | vessels upon the caloric principle. Our special cor | respondent writes that Capt. Ericsson's ship is gain- ing friends every day, and that, instead of going to ehurch yesterday, several Congressmen went on board and inspected her machinery. It is now thought that the amendment, as well as some others of equal importance, will be adopted by the Senate, and eventually concurred in by the House. Short speeches will probably be the order of the day for the balance of this session of Congress. Only | three days are left in which to finish up the work. The steamer United States arrived at this port from Aspinwall shortly before three o'clock this morning. We give elsewhere a brief synopsis of the news she brings from the Pacifie. By way of Baltimore we have some very interest- ing items from the South, including the outlines of the Sloo treaty with Mexico, by which it will be seen that the Colonel stipulates to complete a plank road across the Isthmus within three years, and a railroad within fonr years thereafter. From Texas we are sorry to learn that the Indians continue their depre dations with impunity. Recent advices from Halifax, N. S.. announce that the railroad bill has been defeated in the Legislature. The New Brunswick Legislature was opened on the 24th, and an address to the Queen, deprecating the making of any treaty on the fishery question in which Nova Scotia shall not be a party, was unani- mouely adopted. The Governor of New Brunswick, in his addre*s, expresses his conviction that no alli ance will be entered into by Her Majesty, concerning the fisheries, which will not give ample satisfaction to the colony over which he presides. From Baltimore we learn that the mechanics whe recently struck for higher wages, like their employers, still hold out. The demands of others, who have since asked for extra compensation, were immediately complied with. By way of winding up the stirring events of the week, in that city, the firemen are re- ported to have had a terrible fight on Saturday night. Yesterday evening the Rev. Dr. Hatfield preached a very powerful sermon, at the Ridge street Presby- terian Church, on the subject of the modern dance, a report of which appears in another column, In this day's impression we continue the publica- tion of our repoy of the speech of ex-Chief Justice Jones, on behalf of the grantees of the Broadway Railroad, and expect to publish the conclusion of it to-morrow. ‘The annexed is a summary of the contents of our inside pages :—The Presentment of the Grand Jury and Indictment of two Aldermen, which we have deemed of sufficient importance to republish from ‘a paper; Meeting of the Friends of the ‘Wew York University; Lecture of Rev. Theodore Parker on ‘The False and True Idea of a Gentle- mang” Commercial and Financial Intelligence; the Friesson ship at Washington; Late News from ‘Texas; Cost of destroying two gallons of liquor in Rhode Islagd; Theatrical and Musical Affaim; no meroue paragraphs; Advertisements, &c. | to ere infamous. ‘The Important Jury—Indicunent of Two Aldermen. A conspicuous place among the causes which | ied to the fall of the Roman empire is assigned | by historians to the corruption and venality of | the magistracy. Premonitory symptoms of the @i-solution of the republic had been noticed long before the populace thought of an empe- ror. Discerning men had read, in the prodigal- ity of a Marius and the undisguised bribery of a Jugurtha, unerring tokens of the ruin of those | institutions to which Rome owed her greatness. } The shameless debauchery of the higher classes, | and the disorganization of society, produced by the extension of the privileges of citizenship, | the increase of the army, and other temporary | causes, had a large share in the work of destruction; but these may not improperly | be considered as inevitable consequences of the universal dishonesty of public men. When a | seat in the senate, the curule chair or the con. sular robe, were regarded as merely valuable | on account of the adventitious income they pro- duced, it was folly to expect that the laws wonld be rightly administered. When public virtue was in the dust, to look for private morality was ridiculous. The one could not be outraged without depreciating the other. It the father unblushingly bartered his conscience | for a bag of gold, the daughter might well ex- change her honor for a similar temptation. An injured husband might not be callous the violation of his marriage bed, but reproaches come with a bad grace from one whose public profligacy had rendered his name To check the evil at its source was impossible, under the feeble though despotic sway of the Roman emperors,’even had they been inclined to make the attempt. Corruption prospered, In its train the vilest vices which have disgraced humanity became fashionable among the nobles. Treachery and violence reared their brazen head in the forum. Murders, rapes, forcible abductions, robberies, were | every day occurrences—punishment seldgm fol- lowed the offence, and guilt involved no public reprobation. Every tie, in short, which binds civilized society together, was severed. Fora brief period the disjecta membra dragged along a painful existence, in the midst of frightful dis- | orders. till at length, in mercy, Heaven sent a flood of Goths to sweep them from the earth. We have been speaking of Rome, not of New York-~of the past, not of the future. No Amer- ican Augustus has yet been crowned at Wash- ington. No Tiberius is courting popularity by | the disguise of his natural character. No Mes- salina has yet called a blush to the cheek of the historian. Virtue still lingers round many a domestic hearth. Our homes are not yet pol- luted by a Claudius or a Tigellinus, and our personal safety is not endangered by bands of lawless gladiators or troops of hired assassins. We need not yet borrow the bitter pen of Taci- tus to write the opprobrium of our city or country. But are such things in store for her? Is it true that the corruption which is said to prevail among our public men is the first sign of a general demoralization of society so appalling that we cannot contemplate it without a shudder ? To such questions the thinking man who has read the late presentment of the Grand Jury must, in sorrow and in shame, give an affirma- tive reply. Yes, it is true that public dishon- esty must beget private dishonesty. that perjury | to the community must lead to perjury to indi- | viduals, that the unbridled indulgence of the pas- | sions of age must be accompanied by a similar outburst of the passions of youth. Thedecline of Rome took root under Sylla and Marius and cul- minated under Nero. We are at the former stage. All the elements of danger which so justly | alarmed a Sallust and a Cicero are to be found | in our midst. Here, as at Rome, public integ | rity, the keystone of civilized society, is in dan- | ger of becoming a rarer phenomenem. If the evil be not checked in the bud, we must prepare for | the same consequences as fowed from its preva. | | lence in Rome. | We entreat our readers to spare us the charge | of exaggeration. We have indulged in no flight of fancy. We have given way to no unreasona- | ble forebodings. What we have before us speaks | for itself; and fearful is the warning it utters, | There appears to be no play of the imagination in the presentment of the Grand Jury which we | publish this morning.. There is no heightened | coloring in the plain, naked statement, that | two of the highest municipal officers of this city | have been indicted for receiving sums of mo- | ney to betray their trusts. What more did the | Roman senators in the last days of the re- public? | Fortunately. though the danger is similar, the elements of American and those of Roman society differ widely. The Roman republic was essentially an oligarchy; ours is the purest demo- | eracy that can be conceived. Rome, even in | the time of Sylla, had reached the apogee of her | power and greatnees—she was an old nation, {and had lost the vigor of her early youth. | Prosperity had relaxed the mental and bodily nerve of the old Romans—the Tiber had gone out of fashion, and Capua was flourishing. We are yet in our national infancy. Our powers are buthalf developed. Our energies are but whetted by the channels now open for their ex ercise, Wealth is pouring in upon us, it is true and the stains of luxury occasionally meet the eye. But these are the exceptions, not the rule. The demand for talent and capital consumes more than we can command. and effectually precludes the possibility of either being unem- ployed. We fear no tax upon our strength We can boldly grasp the hydra which the Romans shrunk from encountering. and crush it ere we are surrounded by its folds. But no time must be lost. The remedy must be as prompt as it is effectual. With the pros- pect of imperial Rome in the distance, delay becomes criminal. Every day of impunity en- dangers the safety of the Union. In the task of reform every citizen among us must necessarily Mreachare. It may not fall to his lot to inflict punishment on aldermen, or to take a leading part in preventing simi- lar fnfamies for the future, But he will, never- theless, in his private capacity, possess the pow- ev of co-operating efficiently in the renovation ofthe p » morals. He will exerciae that power for the public good, by ceasing to treat the subject of official corruption with levity. When the people become familiarized with the name of bribery, the heinousness of the offence disappears. Much of the misconduct of alder- men inay be ascribed to the bad reputation they hore. Where innocence and guilt were branded alike. honesty was both inconvenient and use- less. We should like to see an honest finsh of indignatton on the face of every man to whom a tale of official corruption was told. Again, the cause of pubic morality must not be con- | founded with that of individual delinquents, | No fault is commoner than this. People abuse | | | and then fancy their duty is performed. To our mind, the men who have chanced to be singled out as examples of the nefarious practices of a Common Council deserve more pity than anger. They found the system estab- lished. and trod in the footsteps of their pre- decessors. Contempt they undoubtedly merit; but scorn for their misdeeds must not take the place of a zealous determination to uproot the system. We must be up and doing. The Fate of Reciprocity and the Fisheries— ‘What's to be done, It is much to be regretted that a question of so much importance as that recently brought under the notice of the House of Representa- tives. in the bill reported by the Committee on Commerce, has been limited in its discussion to the one-hour rule, and that it has not been made the order of the day, with the understand- ing that the debate should continue till the bill was disposed of, that it might be taken up by the session in time to ensure the action of that body. It is now too late, however, to expect any such result; and as the determination of Congress must form the basis of any future ne- gotiation, the decision of the British govern- ment must necessarily be postponed for another year; and, in ithe meantime, American fishermen will be prevented from embarking in the mackerel fishery during the coming summer, When the debate on the bill was resumed, Mr. Stuart. of Michigan, in the absence of Mr. Seymour, who had been called away by illness in his family, moved the previous question, for the purpose of getting it before the Senate. as, if there were no definite action, the subject, un- der the rules, cannot be taken up again uatil next Tuesday. Tellers were appointed on a motion for the yeas and nays, which was decided in the affirmative 83 to 84; but Mr. Houston, of Alabama, succeeded in getting the House into committee of the whole. The following is the state of the votes on the motion to lay the bill on the table—the only member from New York who voted in favor of that motion was Mr. Frederick S. Martin :— Yeas, Nae oi vot'g. 4 1 1 0 0 0 1 a 3 ad Maryland T land. - cnr A 5 North Carolina. South Carolina. eee RRA ree ssHroNdISO-nD SARS SSSON SCHR EM ROK ARR RE NOnoUSH Ene | uo 87 of the votes is as follows:-- NA 7 3 —110 On Wednesday we published a series of im- portant resolutions which have been submitted to the House of Assembly in Nova Scotia, at | present in session, which will be strenuously supported by the conservative portion of that body, and the mercantile and fishing interests, and from what has already transpired since the Legislature met. will not be decidedly opposed hy the government. Immediately after the Assembly mot, the subject of the fisheries came up incidentally, in a debate on the answer to the Governor’s open- ing speech, Mr. Johnson, the powerful leader of | the opposition, having called the attention of | members to the clause which states that + should the negotiations result in the opening of more extended markets for the productions of British America, we shall rejoice sincerely, althongh we should deprecate any concession of territorial advantages to the United States, without these are purchased by the most ample and full equivalent.” This equivalent would | embrace coal, which, to gratify the advocates of the coal-monopoly in this coantry, has heen excluded from the bill now under considera- tion, and which is at variance with the whole scope and tenor of the report of the Committee on Commerce. The coal mines of Nova Scotia are worked extensively and exclusively by English capi- talists, holding under a grant to the late Duke of York, and it is this circumstance which induces us to view the omission of that articleas the more important, aot doubt- ing that their claims will be forced upon | the British government with the utmost per- tinacity. The interests of the colonies may be disregarded by the parent State, and even their territory surrendered, as is deemed by them to have been, in :oncluding the Ashburton treaty; but when tie Oregon boundary came up for disenssion, the rights of the Hudson Bay Company, whose lovality is in London, were scrupulously maintained, as they were when the permission to iake end cure fish on the Labrador coast was conceded by treaty; and we happen to know that the coal mining companies in the mother country ere not in active at the present juncture. Thosewho are in favor of a reciprocal trade with th: colonies, therefore, may make up their minds that no treaty will be concluded with Grest Britain, upon any basis which shall not include coal. Not only are those adverse influences to be contended against from without, but it is evi- dent that every obstruction will be placed in the way of a satisfactory result on the part of those who represent the lumbering interests of Maine; at which we are not a little surprsed, when they would be benefited by an exemption from the payment of a duty on the prodwts of that State. when exported from the mouth of the river St, John. About the exaction of this duty by the pro- vinoial authorities, we have a word or two to say. as we consider its imposition to be utterly at variance, not only with the spirit, but with the letter of the Ashburton treaty; the same clause which provides that the products of Maine shall be treated as British produce, pre- scribing that “all produce of the forests, in logs, lumber, timber, boards, staves and shingles, or of agriculture not being manufactured. grown in any of those parts of the State of Maine watered by the river St. John. or by its tribu- taries, shall have free acerss into and through the said river, having ite source within the said State. to and from the seaport at its mouth. and to and round the falls of said river, either by boats, rafts or other conveyance; that when | within the province of New Brunswick it shall ‘ | Presentment of the Grand | individual aldermen to thelr hearts’ content, | be dealt with as if it were the produce of the said province.” Subsequently to the conclusion of the treaty, the Legislature of New Brunswick passed a law. which received the deliberate sanction of the British government, levying the stumpage duty on all timber shipped from the seaports of the province, which includes the lumber of Maine, when sent down the river St. John, and on which that duty has already been paid to the government of that State; and the remonstrance of the American Minister in London was met by a reference to the clause which provides that produce passing down the river shall be treated as British, without considering that the same section provides that it shall have “free access to and from the seaport at its mouth.” It will be seen by our telegraphic report. that another movement has heen made in Congress to arrange this matter during the summer. The Pressure upon Familles—High Rents and Real Estate. Rents of dwellings and stores, and the prices of lots, have increased in this city and Brook- lyn, within the last two or three years, and especially within the last few months, to an extent unprecedented in our history, unless immediately before the great commercial crisis of the year 1837, when rents and real estate came down with a fearful crash, involving the ruin of thousands. Speculation was concen- trated upon real estate then; it has taken the same rage now, in preference to other modes ,of making money, and it has been mainly fed by the gold from California, The increase is too great and too rapid to be healthy and sound, and the crisis cannot be far distant when the excessive inflation will result in the bursting of the shining bubble that looks now so beautiful and so attractive. There is a cer- tain length to which wild speculation in lots may go, and then it receives a sudden check—a revulsion comes, and land and house property sinks ten times as rapidly as it rose. At this moment we are treading on a volcano that appears to sleep, but whose first faint mur- murs indicate to the acute and practised ear that it is awake. and that an explosion isat hand. It is a notorious fact that already the keen scented speculators, who smell danger in the air. are endeavoring to get rid of the property on their hands; and hence the enormous number of houses and lots to be disposed of. Many of the new build- ings are unfinished—the owners being unable to complete them, and glad, almost, to get for them what they cost. But it is not alone the specu- lators, who purchase to sell again, that are rais- ing rents and the prices of real estate—they could not do it but for the co-operation of those who, driven from house to house by ever-in- creasing rents, are seeking a permanent home, either by lease or purchase, and that, perhaps, at an enormous sacrifice. A large number of me- chanics, clerks, and others, who have accumu- lated small sums of money in the savings banks, and fearing that a still higher rent will be ex- | torted from them next year than is demanded for the present, and that the increase will still go on progressing, yeagafter year, eagerly look out for a house in which they can invest their little capital; and by paying perhaps one-third | of the purchase money down, they will be allow- ed to leave the balance on bond and mortgage, at an interest of seven per cent. But it is this very anxiety that raises the prices. Everybody is in hot haste, and wants the same thing. The | demand is therefore greater than the supply; whereas, if every tenant kept cool, and paid no attentioa to the intimations of the landlord to turn him out or exact a higher rent, and made no contract for another house, there would be so many houses unlet at the first of May, that this kind of property wonld he spoodily reduced to its natural equilibrium. But, unfortunately, tenants are accumulating on themselves, and upon each other, the very evils they are 0 anxious to avoid, and thus become an easy prey to the landlords and speculators. ‘No | doubt the frightfully increasing taxation, to | which we have recently adverted of the | Herat», is one cause of the increase in rents; for no matter whose name is in the assessment roll, the tenant always pays the taxes, the land- lord taking good care to add them to the net | price of the use of his property. But the pas- sion for change, house-hunting, and moving every year, contributes far more to this result; and now the mania that prevails on all sides for leasing and purchasing houses, is greatly aggravating the mischief. Our advice to all such persons is to hold hard ~—keep your money inasafe bank. Neither take a lease, nor purchase just now. The price of real estate will soon fall, The present state of things is unnatural, and cannot continue. New York isa fine city, and the sister city of Brooklyn is hastening to rival it ; but they are both becoming too fine for the mags of the peo- ple to live in. Instead of housekeeping, many persons will seek a refuge in boarding houses, and those who cannot afford quarters in them. or who cannot endure such a privation of all domestic happiness, will seek for a domicile in some other direction. There will, therefore, be very soon far more dwellings than occupants. The supply will exceed the demand, and rent and real estate will find their proper level in re- | lation to the prices of all other commodities. Houses that two years ago, let for $300, $400, and $500, now let for $400, $525 and $650, re- spectively. In two years hence they will be down again to the same price; and the poor man who now effects the purchase of a house. say at $4,000, paying $1,000 cash down, and giving a mortgage on the property for the remainder, with the usual interest, will find by that time, perhaps fur sooner, that his house is not worth more than $3,000, and that he might as well have thrown his thousand dollars into the North river. The following table will compare the ratio in which real estate has increased in price during the last five years and the five years preceding the crash in 1837 :-— Year. Value of Real Eetate, Year. Value of Rea Estate. 1831... $95,594,335 1847 $187,315 386 - 104,160,606 1848... + 193,029,066 «+ 114,124,566 1849. e+ 197,741,919 « 123,249,289 1850. 207,142,576 143,732,425 1851. 227,015 486 233,742,308 5 s+ 253,278,384 be thus seen that the value of real estate nearly doubled in the two years between 1834 and 1836. In the following year it fell to $196,450,109, and gradually declined every year, till, in 1843, it was #0 low as $164,955,314, from which year it has gradually increased; but it was only last year that the value of real estate reached what it was in 1836—a period of sixteen years—during which the city has ad- vanced go much in population and improve- ments, Let the past, therefore, be a warning for the present and the future. An increase rom $187,315,386, in 1847, to $253,278 384. in 1852, is unnatural. Even in two years—from 1860 to 1852—the ineréage has been twenty-five further increase, It is true that the generation of the steam is Bob so fast or in such quantity as in 1836, But the question is, whether it is necessary to reach the same point of pressure in order to burst the boiler. We think not; for people will take the alarm sooner now than they did then. There is a roaring fire in the furnace, the safety valve is tied down, and there is but little water in the boiler. Howsoon the dénouement will come, is not the inquiry with a prudent man, for that is more, perhaps, than human sagacity can pre- dict—but how he shall immediately escape or keep aloof from an explosion which may happen in a day, an hour, or a year, but which, sooner or later. is as inevitable as fate. These calami- ties do not injire the community at large any more than the thunder storm which may kill a few individuals, or destroy a considerable amount of property in a particular locality. In both cases the general result is salubrious and beneficial. The atmosphere is purified by the electricity; and speculation, and the com- mercial shocks which proceed from it, only aid in carrying forward this great country to its manifest destiny. But let each individual look out for himself, that he is not the victim to be offered in sacrifice for the general good. Tuer Scarcrry or SEAMEN.—From every port in the country complaints are made of the dif ficulty of sending vessels to sea, owing to the great scarcity of seamen. In Boston, the sailors are demanding twenty dollars a month in ad- vance for a voyage to New Orleans, which is readily advanced by shippers; andit is expect- ed that, unless some of the large fleet of vessels now at sea make their appearance very soon, sailors will readily obtain thirty dollars a month, and probably more. Many of the ships that left port lately carried with them but a very small number ofreal seamen. Of the crew of one of the finest Liverpool packets that lately left here the best was a canal boatman, who had never been to sea in his life, the balance being composed of men of nearly every calling. In the coasting and European trades the in- convenience is principally felt. In the Cali- fornia and Australia business there is, com- paratively, no difficulty in securing hands as the pay is good and the prospective advantages more enticing. In the government service the same trouble is experienced; and several of the vessels destined for the Japan expedition are prevented from going to sea for want of crews. Whenever there is a paucity of seamen the naval service is more likely to feel it, as Jack naturally prefers the advanced pay and greater freedom allowed in the mercantile marine to that prevailing in the navy. As the present state of things embarasses not only the merchant service, but also such an important national undertaking as the expedition to Ja- pan, it behooves all interested to endeavor to obviate its recurrence. This could probably be accomplished by Congress passing an act rendering it obligatory on every merchant ves- sel to carry so many apprentices, the number to be regulated according to the tonnage of the | veseel, as in England. This would very soon remedy the evil; and if, moreover, every cap- tain made it his special duty to attend to the moral welfare, as well as the professional ad- vancement, of his apprengices, by keeping-them as much as possible aloof from the rest of the crew during their few hours of relaxation, and furnishing them with books, &c., for self-im- provement, in a few years we should possess a class of mariners. who, in numbers, proficiency, and character, would be superigs to those of any nation in the world. Each vessel would thus become a nursery for seamen, and obviate the necessity of having the crews of both naval and mercantile vessels composed mostly of foreigners, many of whom have but little knowledge of our language, less of our institu- | tions, and, therefore, in time of war, no further sympathy in our cause than as it may affect their individual pecuniary advancement. If such an act were to become a law, the crews | of packet ships would no longer be composed of either “’longshoremen” or canal men. It is now Jack’s harvest time—to him a thing of rare oceurrence—and he is quite right in endeavoring | to turn it to the most profitable account. INTERESTING FROM CuBA.—The Crescent City, Capt. Baxter, arrived on Saturday from New Or- leans and Havana. She left the latter port on the 20th inst. The Captain-General had ordered that the troops, as well as the prisoners, at Cardenas, should be employed in the labor of clearing away the ruins and rebuilding the warehouses at that place, and that a subscription should be opened to relieve those who are suffering. The cholera had appeared with some violence at Baracoa. Another slight shock of earthquake was expe- rienced at St. Jago on the 25th ult. The outrage of stopping the mail bags was perse- yered in by the authorities at Havana. Those of the Black Warrior and Empire City had been taken pos- session of by the police and examined. The seal of that of the Empire City was broken. The amallpox was still raging there. - Marine Affairs. Tae Curren Snip SnooTmnc Star, of Boston, Captain Baker, got up to the city yesterday, in 106 days from Shanghae, having left there on the 16th of November. For Avstraia.—The ship Euphrasia, of Ogden & Ca- meron’s Pioneer line of Australian packets, left port onfaturday for Melbourne, with a large number of pas- sengers. She is to be succeeded on the 15th of March by the bark Oregon, making the eighth vessel of that popu- Jar line. Diep at SxA.—Captain Samuel L. Robins, late com- mander ofthe bark J. B. Johnson, which arrived at New Orleans on the 17th inst, died on board, of the yellow fever, on the 17th of January, twelve days out from Rio de Janeiro; also the steward ‘and ftwo of the seamen, from the same disease. Captain Pease, the former mate of the bark, states that nearly all of the crew have been attacked by the disease. One seaman, in a fit of iocenity: jumped overboard, and was drowned, coming up the Mis: sissippi. Larcest Canco Yer.—The ship Carolus Magnas, Capt. Chase, was cleared to-day by Messrs. I. Bell, Jr.. & Co. for Havre, with 4,445 bales of cotton, weighing 2,291,418 Ibs., and’ valued at $2,45 049 88, being. we believe, ‘the largest cargo ever cleared from this port for Hayre.— Mobile Tribune, Feb 10. Snr BurpinG 1x PassaMaquoppy.—The number of #1 built in the district of Paseamaquoddy, according to custom houre returns, during the year 1852, amounted to 43, of the aggregate burthen, of 13,508.64 ton: They comprised 6 ships, 18 barks, 9 brigs, 10 schooners, and steamer. The amount of tons built in 1352, over the amount of 1861, is 1,687. Launcneo—At Medford, on the 24th Inst., by Messra. Hayden & Cudworth, a fine ship of 1,000 tons, called the Climax, intended for the California trade. Personal Intelligence. K in expected Mrs. Franklin Pierce will remain several days. She is at the Astor House. Law Intelligence. Supreme Court or tie Unrrep Stara, Feb. 25.—Francis Tukey, kixq., of Massa husetts; R. Teombs, Esq , of Geor- gia; and J. M. Flam. Esq. of Louisiana, weve admitted attorneys and eounsellors of this court. No. i7. John G. Gresele 4 a parte vs. Joseph M Bimeler et al. ‘The argument of this cause was continued by Mr. Quinn for the appellants, and Mr. the appellees. Stansbury for Adjourned, is Day: uit. Now. 144, 69, 193, 103, 156, 200, 202, 203, 304. DETAILS OF THE CALIPOREMA NEWS. LATER FROM AUSTRALIA, &e., &e., &. The steamship United States, Capt. Wm. C. Bers ry, with the details of the California intelligence to 1st inst., arrived shortly before three o'clock thig morning. She left Aspinwall on the 18th inst., a6 wit sere 5 P.M.,and Kingston, Ja., on the 21st., ag The U. 8. connected with the steamer Cortes, of the New York and San Francisco steamship line, which left San Francisco on the Ist, and reached Panama early on the morning of the 15th. The steamer Tennessee arrived at Panama on thé evening of the 15th, ‘The steamship Sierra Nevada, Capt. J. D. Wilson had arrived at Panama, in gfty-cight days from thig port—the quickest trip on record. The following is list of the consignments of TREASURE PER STEAMER UNITED STATES. Johnson & Lowden. $25,856 Allen & Alpheus Forbe: Peter Ede Harbeck & Co, Walter R. Jon Everett & Brown of the PASSENGERS IN THE UNITED STATES. Capt French, Wm B Jobnson, Messrs Weed, McGuire, Vallette, Kershaw, J Stewart and lady, A Austin and la- dy. SBrennan, lady and three children, Miss Walling, P O Burns, Messrs Lane, Arrantine, Herrara, Urman, Laz- aros, GB Nichols, Mr'Falker and’ lady, G Penn, G Lock- ran, D Gruff, J WB Dixon, HB Chubbuck, J P Brown, 5 $ Pierce, J 8 Bullock, Jas Albin, G Williams, W Rankin, 5 Van Kuk, F Frost, C'A Curtis, Mr Kerr, G Ball, AF Ken= dall, G J Wellington. Mr Leo, A H Cole, J P Faiker, 8 Ly- ons’ § Barnes, W Dack, Mr Farlow, P’ Johnson, J Smith, R Long, Mr Burns, Mr Emerson, J Murray, Jas Mason, Frazer, W Judson, J BL Coorer, J Welds, © H Guibile, C Plum, Messrs Talmadge, Packard, Spofford, Reynolds Ros binson, Bullard, G Bond, J Yates, Mr Churchill, R Tubs; M Mowry, 8 Jerome, J Pontano, Messrs Stevenson, Cal- ete, and Barton, D'D J Parr, H Crandell, W Thomas, Johnson, J 'T Anderson, S Glover, A Beevis, M Kelpepper, JP Jordon, G N Baker, A Guest, CW Smith, Mr Osborne, E Fabenger, J Roan, ay Seraeia, HS Poultney, H Baile Messrs Brand, Wolf and Lowsll, A Smith, Jno Gelfel, @ Lee, A Quackenbush, P Fisher, R Rose, J Connes, J Far- rel, MrFalker, D McBride, Jas’ Jackson, J McBride, Vare Renscoten, PB Hannon, G R Bacon, M Marble, Messrs Billings, Gilmore, G W Robinson, Messrs Walter, Miller, Holaday, Lackey, Booth, Button, Grouse, Thrasher, W Peters, Messrs’ Bunting, Goodman, J Duff, C Hensel, Messrs Keeman, Chafiin, Logan, Turner, L D Cummings Chas McKera, F Delaft; Messrs Beekman, eon, ME Chitten, S Gross, Messrs Phinny, Whseler, felden, A. Butts, A B Berse, Jas Perkins, es Spooner, Messrs Pearson, Fnglish, Omeset, Saws, Carmicle, Mahon, Banks, Sea J Lindsley, Mr Maxwell, J Mc Farlen, Messra : Fields, Blackwell, Baird, Phinney, Conrad, Dedrick, Van= dover, Faulks, Miller Apeo, ‘Travers Tilton, Hanklin, T Bright, W Jago, Davis, {A Muget, 8 Muget, J Rein= hardt, Messrs Austerhop, Richards, Jackson, B Wood, Messrs Williams, Ideman, Spencer, ‘Mischell, Jno Peck, S$ Shaemaker, A Thusher, Messrs Brown, Bauld, B A Ken- nedy, Milliard, CS Lensey, G W Forris, F Weoket, Tur ner, J W Hendricks, R Huleey, J Cowen, Barker, John Lovell, M Cord, W Wainwright, B McCauley, B F Moore, Messrs Campbell, A H Cammings, Snowden, Cameo, Chureh, N'Kegdon, W Jones, Messrs Hathaway, Ander- son, J Galbes, Messrs Williams, Powers, F Williams, Al- momp, Hart, Abel, Hurlbud, Brown, Wagelbacher, and 8 Allen; John Ferns, James Brown, Geo Blaun, Mr Pen= cer, Anthony Joseph, P Robinson, W Garvell, J Parr, C3 Hutton, J Van Greacon, RS Crane, Mr Recketson, D W Rankin, Mr Beckler, J Glover, Mr Wheeler, H B Dilton, JC Lee, Messrs Silver, Simmons, Cuffbon, Paints, C El- wood, P Mathews, Messrs Houston, Barns, and Sanborne, J.B Fffner, A P Lanks, M. White, J'Boucher, © C Sayder, Mr Jolly, J Evy, Messra Osterhow, Cassett, and Gracia, Silas Gorwin, David Smith, W W Barnwell, Mr Bovell, & Godfrey, M G Hogeland, H Hoffman, J C Dicur, J P Moore, Messrs Felter and Hoffman. The British bark Larne arrived at Panama on the 14th inst., with advices from Melbourne, Australig to the 27th of November. Several Americans have returned from those auriferous regions—none of theng with less than three thousand dollars, and some of them with upwards of twenty pounds in weight of the fine metal. Several of these gentlemen wera passengers upon board the United States. One thousand emigrants were daily fpouring inlo Mel~ bourne from Great Britain and this country. The California papers contain little of interest it addition to what was given in the telegraphic synop~ sis of the news hitherto published. The floods had nearly subsided, but the roads were still in an almost impassable condition, and the sufferings of the in- habitants of the interior, from the want of pro- visions, were truly heart-rending. The supply of flour at Nevada and its vicinity was entirely ex- hausted. The miners in some places were sustaine ing life on scraps they had previously thrown away. A gang of Mexican marauders, headed by a persom named Joaquin, who had recently committed several murders and other outrages in San Andreas, have been driven from the country, together with all thei countrymen, by the enraged Americans—not, howev- er, before they had ‘killed many miners and China- men and carried off or burned their property. We have accounts of the terrible destruction of property by freshets in Oregon. Several buildings had been swept away in Oregon City, and the face of the Willamette river was at one time covered with floating dwellings, saw mills, &c. The barks Mindora and J. Merithew, traders be- tween San Francisco and the Columbia river, had been wrecked at the entrance to the latter. The former disappeared in the quicksands; and the latter sank at her anchors. The health of the isthmus continued good, and the roads across were rapidly improving. We are under obligations to Purser Barney, of the United States, for the early delivery of files of papers. Full details of the news will be published in our evening edition. The San Francisco ‘From the Herald. REVIEW FoR THE WEEK ENDINGJAN. 20.—There has been, on the whole, a fair amount of business transacted during the past week. It opened rather languidly, the high pri- ces of flour and some other leading articles up- river buyers from purchas freely, their sufficient for immediate wants. As the week ad , however, the demand from the interior increaeed, gi: considerable animation to the trade omens, Eh dealers. This induced some speculation, w! led toan advance in price of one or two articles, and contributed. to the general activity in the market apparent towards the close of the week. Fiour —The decided downwerd tendency apparent in this article at the date of our last weekly reuiew, has since continued to manifost itself into a gradual daily de- cline, and the present range of prices may be considered axat least 15 per cent under the current rates at tho close of last week. Sales of sack during the week inclnde 5,000 quarters and halves, from first and second hands, at $28 a 22. Transactions in barrel have been very light, not exce: ws * arrels, at prices rangi from $20 a $2 pe a Gram —In barley, the transactions durin, have been very heavy, including upwards of 2: from first and second hands, at po the week es Val from 234 a& 3%, ‘The greater pertion|of this wae pucsieesd On spe- culative account, afd is now held at the latter figure, at which rate the market is steady. There has been no large transactions in oate. Sales have been mostly of a retail character. and the week closes dull at 3% a de. for Eastern. Small parcels of Oregon seed have been sold at 534 a €c. But little has been done either in seeg or mill- ing wheat, and prices show a decline since the apening of the week. There has been considerable activity in corn: sales during the week of about 50,000 lbs, Chile, Mexican. and Los Angelos, at 644 a T1<0. Pxovisions.—In most descriptions « very heavy busi- ness has been done, the closing prices showing, without exception, an advance on the current rates at the openi of the week. Sales include about 250 bbls. clear pork, at $41 a $44; 200 half do. clear and meas, at $22; . mess at $40; 100 do. prime at $24; 34 tierces about 50,000 Ibs. clear bacon at 2734 0 100 casks, 148 bbls. and about 25,000 Ib+. home at 2a.a 25¢.; 6,000 Ibs. shoulders at 17¢.; 20 casks do, at 21 a 2c.; 25 hhds. butter at 45m dic. ut 37,000 ibs. do. in various 8, at alig w firkins and 100 bbls. do. at Reon eas kegs a 84340.; 66 cases do. and 16,000 Iba, In tin, at 32 a 6c. ; 200 half bbls. No. 1 Mackerel sold at $14; 100 boxos nad about 2,000 Ibs. superior cheese, at 1634 a 18 ¢. A Aagsg Fairy Swerr Away.—About a ear since, a family hy the name of Twombly started rom South Malden for the West. -The family oon- sisted of the father, mother, five or six children, and: an old man, #ho had long resided with them. Short- ly after arriving at their new home the father and two children died. The mother, with the remainder of the family, started to return, under the protection of the old man, and all are supposed to have been. lost on the lakes, by one of the disasters which occur- red early in the winter, as nothing has since been heard of them.—Boston Journal, Feb. 24, TEMPERANCE IN DeLAwate—A very strin- jet liquor law has passed the Delaware Honse of Jelegates. . It authorizes manufacturers to sell liquor in quantities of not leas than fifteen gallons at any one time, provided they own the produce from which the liquor is manufactared. It also provides that retailers shell not sell liquer to minors, and that tavern keepers shall not sell to minors or colored ersons, and that persons once convicted wader the jaw shall be incapable of being licensed o second time, The price of @ license is fixed at 4100 per aucum, to be paid tor the use of the school ‘and.