The New York Herald Newspaper, December 7, 1852, Page 3

WE g ef = i 8 t i 3 3 i in] al : ‘femily. rural communes, cone room for a family; 217,324 h for # famil; SE. eit census was taken at the close of the gear 1849. of which « portion of the results have been ed im one large pO rarcbatige ya followed by others, under the direction of Ditricé, Statistioal . The subjects embraced, and the divisions incluied, are public buildings enumorated as churches and houses for, prayer, achool houses, orphan and dpe asylums, buildings for the admimistration of public affairs, justice, customs, &o ; buildings for eccls- Siastical and communal megistracies, military and hospi- ‘al buildings, private dwelling houses, factories, mills, &c., ‘stables and’ bar population, male and female, at the of 6, 7.14, 16 19, 24, 32 89,46 and 60th year, and ording to ‘over 60. They are emumerated alno acc: as far as reepects Evangelical Christians, Roman 8, Greek Christians, Menopites and Jews. The deaf avd dumb are returned as to age and sex, enu- merating them at the ages of 5, 15, 30,, and over respec- tively; and the blind are returned by age and sex at the ges of 15. 30, and over 30. respectively. They enu- merate their horses, asses, mules cattle, hogs, sheep, and , dividing the sheep into three clases. By their @ensus (1839), the population of Prussia amounts to— Male: ++ 8 162,805 8,168,382 Number of dwelling houses Number of churches, 16,8 . 23 884; asylums for orphans and destitute persons, 5 710; civil, gecloslastionl, military, and hospital bulldings 25,858, “The evangelical christians num -10,020 161 Roman Catholics 6,076 252 Deat and dumb by » + 1973 Blind “ 9,579 POPULATIOT Ok FRANCE, Incr’se For the An Year. Men Women. | Total pop. pe’, nual 2801, .13,311,889 7 114 27,8400 46 i oe 1806, 114 3.2'500 1708422 G43 138 LB54450 4.65 081 5} 692 0.69 3.00 0.60 b 205 O41 342 0.68 180 eye BTSLOR 'sU42 1.08 02 | ‘From the foregoing statement, it will be seen that ‘France, with » population of more than thirty-five Lions, has increased in the number of her poople, but lit- tle more than the two States of New York and Pennsyl- ‘via, with not more than one-third her population, in the same period. MORTALITY. In a former Part, the aggregate number of deaths in each State of the Union, during the twelve months prior to June 80th, 1850. was given, together with the Fatio of deaths to the number living; and some con- siderations were adduced, showing the most feasible mode -of arriving at the law of mortality. The work of conden- sing this order of statistics :has been continued with such sdiecrimination as the cature and value of the returns | seemed to require. ‘A great diversity of opinions, it is ‘well known, exists with respect to the ealubrity of the ‘Northera and the Southern, the mariti: di the inland Jooalities of our country; and on no point, perhaps, could ‘Teliable information be more reatonably d. It isnot here proposed to discuss the numerous inquiries which this important branoh of statirtios suggests, how far it shall confirm existing epinions. or awaken an intercst and the way for more full researches. The returns Being the first of their kind in the national census, ma; geem to require seme mode of veridcation; and in t! ‘view, the following investigations have been prepared. ‘The Uy mass of the white Lat Kove of this country is chiefly of Teutonis origin, with a large admixture of Celtic. Located in temperate latitudes, with a climate net greatly differing from that of Europe, the presump- tion naturally erises that the same laws of life would pre- ‘end to nearly an equal degree. on both sides of the Atlantic. Inthe absence of any assignable and special source of change, the universal law of self preservation ‘and protection might be assumed to produce like results upon eithe: continent. As has bee race of men. launched upon the tide of existence, have by ‘Virtue of all the conditions, a determined couree to run, which will make ite own way, and fulfil its own destiny | im accordance with a system of laws as upalterable and | supreme as those which control the physical universe.” | ‘Without enumerating the conditions and circumstances of vital developement, the practical conclusion arises. that ‘the values of life for different brauches of the Teutonic family of nations, in temperate climates. will not greatly differ. And if the ratios of annual mortality, and the ex- pectations of life in America, should substantially agree | ‘with the like values in European tables the goneral cor- Tespondence would afford so meny credentials of statisti- eal authority. With respect to th» Northern United States. the returps of Massachusetts have been relected for com) m with those of the national census of Eng land. In applying the same mode of verification to the middle States, the statistics of Maryland have been taken the table deecribed in last year's report being revised, and male and female lines distinguished. The computation: have been executed by Mr. L. W. Meech, whose familiar ity with the subject, and scientific qualifications afford a sufficient guaranty of their accuracy. In contrast with ‘thece results. are set the expectations of life in France. ‘The proportion of deaths and the expectations of | ‘its several periods, may, then be compared as follows :— 1 annual DEATHS PER CENT 1850. Massachusetts, Maryland. a England 1841. S¢S- Males Females. Males Females, Males. Fe Oto5.....7.105 6.052 5466 4575 6828 5 983 1041 855 955 = 922 S73 477-0. BNE 831 605 7ST 718 8OL 1170 805 938A 1346 = 99L_-1146 1080 1825 1884 1249 1410 13808 154 2483 1.712 2930 1.938 | 2660 3.405 3.28 4232 3.761 5762 8977 7221 9.150 8378 TI015.000 13.470 15.157 12.280 19.85 18 85 90.100,...95.240 27.540 31132 23430 37. 39 34. 57 | 2.—ExrectaTiON oF LIFE. Completed Massachusetts, ve. Maryland. England France. ‘males Males Fem Males Fem Males Fem, Years Years Years Yrs Years Yre. Ge 40 oe ata Males Years 471 478 1 f 8 28 32 27 ‘Bw. + 28 8 The expectation of parts of a year. the future length of life to be lived, on an average. aller attaining a given ago tiving et the age of thirty. the average future lifetino of males. by the Massachusetts table is thirty-four years, while that of femsles is thirty:five wad four.tenths, ‘The expectations for other ages and colamus of the table, Will readily be underétood from mere in-protion, though the analytic procees of deriving the values requires moch collatersl research aud professional experience. As the Year isa natural onit of time, universally familiar, the expectation is doubtless the simplest: method that could be devired tor exbibiting, at a glance, the changing value of life. Viewed 5 & whole, the general correspondence, doth of the ratios of mortality and the mean leugth of life, from independent sources, sufficiently verifies their @oouracy For general estimates, adopting the current, classifica- tion of the States the American census exhibits the following ratios of mortallty, disregarding the ages at Annual deaths, Ratio to the number living. New Ergland States... 1 to 64 Midole states, with Ohio. 1 to 72 Central Slave States 1 to 73 Coast Planting States. 1 to 73 Northwestern States... 1 to 80 United States, total 1.88 1 to 73 It will be seen, that the values for the three middle divi- eions strikingly sgree with the average for the United States. as a whole, representing one death to svventy- three living; and this is substantia!ly the ratio stated by Webster for interior towns in 1805:—"The ant deaths,” be obeerved, “ amount only to one in sev or seventy-five of the population” “The fqniry might arise, in ¢xamining the prevedivg abstract, why the rate of deaths in the Northwestern States should be so much lower than in the Middle Statee, England. In reply, the mere ratios of mortality are not -conclorive upon the question of relative longevity. with. mm truly observed, “a | life, expresses in years and decimal | ‘Tous, on ar- | Y | the white, free colored, and slaves. respectively and especially New | | A interesting branch of | which concerns the inter migrations of our native citi- first of the kind for the colored classes im the United (3) EXPECTATION OF LIFE FOR COLORED PERSONS. New lend. = ‘male. male, female. Years, Years. Years. Yeors. 0 89.75 42.20 2889 «34.00 10 4202 45.75 9592 4069 2 8687 «63992 3048 «35.86 30 2977 34.96 26.87 30 86 40 22.63 28.76 23.25 25.85 50 18.27 22.11 19.13 2107 60 13.89 17,81 1476 15,27 70 9.42 13,06 1133 1093 80 644 7.87 5.88 = 6.16 90 8.60 = 461 843 3.34 3 NATIVITY OF THE POPULATION. One of the most interesting results of the census, is the classification of inhabitante according to the countries of their birth, presented, in an authentfe shape, in No. 6 of the accompanying tables. Weare thus enabled to discover, for the first time, of what our nation is composed. The investigations under this head bave resulted in showing that of the free inha poll and. that '2.2108u0, were bora in fore countren . Were in count while the nativity of 39 227 could not be determined It is shown that 1,965,518 of the whole number of born inhabitants were residents of the free States, and 245,310 of the slave States, It is seen that the persons of foreign birth form 11.06 per cent of the whole free popu- lation. The countries from which have been derived the largest portions of these additions to our population ap- pe in the following statement — jatives of Ireland in the United States in 1850. aves countries Wales All other The several named have contributed to the ag; te immigrant pulation, is shown in the subjoined stekement i wi Per ow. 0 16 1g immigrant population is impor- tant, as serving to correct many extravagant notions con- cerning it, which have attained extensive currency. this inquiry, is that zens among the Btates. The tables presenting a view of his movement will be most useful and valuable, in tracing the progress of different portions of the country. The facts developed will show how far one section hi ed its own characteristic and peculiar customs It is found, that out of 17,736,792 tree inhabicants. 4 112,- | 438 have migrated and settled beyond the States of their birth. Three hundred of Virginia, equal to twenty: have found homes outside of her own borders. Ci has sent forth one hundred and sixty three thourand, which is thirty-six per cent of all the native ci- tizens of that State living in the United States at the date of the census, and the very remarkable proportion of 69 per cent of those remaining in the State of their nativity North Carolina has lost 261,575 free inhabitants, equal to 31 per cent, by emigration. Among the Northern States, Vermont and Uonnecticut have contributed most largely to the settlement of other parts of the country. their proportion, about 25 per cent of their native citizens, would exceed, perhaps, that of either of the Southern States already mentioned, were the number of slaves in the letter admitted as an element of the calculations. But the roving tendency of our people is incident to the peculiar condition of their country, and each succeeding census will prove that it is diminishing. When the fer- tile plains of the West shall have been filled up, and men of scanty means cannot, by a mere change of location, sequins pice baer arta if each State will ecome comparatively stationary, and our countrymen will exhibit the same attachment to the homes of thelr 1 childhood, the want of which is sometimes cited as an unfavorable trait in our national character. DEAF AND DUMB, No one thing. perhaps, better proves the value of the statistical details connected with our census. than its effi- cacy in pointing out the number of the unfortunate who come within the above designation, and who are unable to make known their own wants. Not only does it give us the aggregate in each State and in our whole country, but its unpublished details so designate and particularize the deaf mutes in the United States, that those who ha: been led to make their condition and improvement special study, have now, for the first time, the means to strive at the age. rex, color, condition, and wants of each. It will appear. from the tabular statement an- nexed, that the number of white mutes in the United | States amounts to 9,091. and the colored to 632 of which 489 are slaves. The census of 1840 returned the number of white deaf and dumb at 6.685, and the colored at 979. The latter amount is clearly erroneous, and was calcu- | lated to create an opinion that the deaf mutes were so much more numerous among the colored population of the North than among the whiter; in fact. there were, by the census of 1840, colored mutes returned for coun- | tiee where no colored persona existed. The proportion of | deat mutes among the colored is less than among the white population; and among the slaves the proportio is still emalier Among the white population there a ‘pears to be one deaf mui# to each 2151 persons; of the free colored one toeach 3,005; and among the slaves, one to each 6,652. ‘The directors of several institutions for the desf and dumb memorialized Congress, at its last session, to pro- vide for the publication of ewall volume, to be prepared } by this office, in which should be given the name. age, sex, residence, ccoupation. &c.. of each deaf mute in the United States. Such e work would be of great value to stitutions, but of more consequence to the unfor- | tunate class it would be specially designed to benefit. It would lead to the discovery of hundreds whose abode is unknown. and regder jlable to those unable to pro- claim their wants the blessings of instruction In addi- tion to its beweficent effects upon the afllicted, the infor- | mation thus imparted would furnith many interesting | details, useful in a practical polot of view The method | of cent | thirty five years 0. Tostudy into the improvements . | effected there within that time, institutions in this coun- 5.869 | try have sent, at different periods. commissioners into dif- ferent portions of Europe, and the result of th-ir investi- gations appears to have led to the conclusion, “that in the matter of intellectual instruction we have very little to learn from European echools; while in the very impor- 1.12 | tant point of religious instruction they are painfully in ferior.”” WHITE. COLORED. Staves. Aegre- States. MF. FO MF. gale Main 89 1 NH 1% Vermont 68. | Maseachu: 16061 «8 | Bhode Islan 27 21 | Connecticut m40—C«2 2 New York.. 615 5 6 New Jersey. or tT 4 | Pennsylvania, 62L 465 1d 4 Delaware + 28 - 3s & ° 103 92 19:17) «16 8 254 7 9 . 2 1 *s 19 8% 26 10 8 67 «45 TL 18 168 «1 3 0 3 UT 4% 6 . 1 Wd 4 146 a ees ee ie | 8 Big, 6h Omg 8 22 oO, SE Se Ss, SL | os 9. 1 8 18 (108 | Louisiana, 68 «8t 8 2 @ 12 «128 | Texas... oy 1 wee COS 58 TO ee aan ee | 89 195 140) .. 2 16 2h 87 23 4232 1 8 28 22 539 603 486 6 2 ww NT | Michigan, (2 es ae 123 | Indiana aol 28 4, 513 | Iinois, #83 190 .. 2 475 | Miseouri. Te B18 + ee 259 Towa J Se 6L Wisconsin ra mes 65 i 6 BS bie la . 6 Oregon ny Oe aes Me Utah... ayn the Ye New Mexico... 5 \ “ Total........ 5.027 4058 78 66 278 218 9,717 By the table annexed. it e seen that the number of ersons in the United States who sre destitute of sight is 9,702, of whieh 7.997 are white and 1,705 colored —of which latter 1.211 are slaves. By the census of 1840. the umber of white blind percons in the United Statos was | Teturned at 5,030; the colored do, 189). The same error | Feepeoting the cclored blind existed with the lust census, | as bas been shown to exist respecting the deaf and dumb. | We present a table giving the numbers and proportions | | of the deaf and dumb. blind, insane and idictio, among From | thi table it wi!l be seem that muateness and insanity w: more prevalent among the whites. and blindness and idiocy among the colored Among the white popula:ion there appears to be one blind person for each 2445 per- sone; among the free colored, oue to each 870; and among the slaves, one te each 2645. Out taking into account the proportions of young and WHITE, COLORED. sLAYEs aged, and the inorase of population Without attempt. States, M F. MF. OM. F. THs, Ag 8 fuH ezplanaticn, one, ro Maine 15 86 201 ferred to nndoubtedly hes in the youthiul charsoter of iampehi 3 oe hes Cantante the popuintion of the new States, aud the compestiog | anette tees imi cs ae absence of aged persone, who remain in the older States | Merrachuretéeccc..0. 270 20 “4 3 dat Of the Union. The iniluenee of this emigration wilt be | Khode Island wy 2) ea Understood by table 1. where. from the sge of tive to | Conneotiont... a0) Oe Be thirty the deaths are only from one. half too | New York . 788 483 99 a2 3% cont; while above the nge of firty five, the rate of d Id 2 i increases from two to ihirty five per Wisovasia’ 443° £55 20 11 “ and other Northwestern States. b-ingcewiy settied, by 10 17 7 12 Bertone chiefly in the prime of Ii the comparative | Maryland + 96 97 30 41 di absence of older persons the percentage of deaths should | Disiiet of Oulumbla, “7 “+ pg be less. ae it is indeed given by thy census This distine | Virgini 1261 275 66 65 tion will tend, im a oomsiderabie degree, to reconcile | North Cerolina,...., 182 208 13 15 apparent differences in the returns | South Carolina om 6L 6 8 From the year 1840 to 1850 the population af the United | Georgi 14 Bteter wax augmented from rovemieen millions t) Lwont Eloriga , rs 2 three millions, the increase bofog six mttons ia ten | Alabaue 2 308 | years At the rate of annual mortality above stated, | Mirsierippi 1 2uT the totul deaths, dari: g the same period wore from tw) | Louflann, 10 218 and a belf to three miliions, being neurly equal to half | Texas. 1 4 the residual ineresse by births and emigration ‘Phas, | Atkons 1 and io vorions other was whicl » hore peechidon | ‘Tennersee.,, 6 to specify. statistics Of the p: of life, pointiag | Kentucky, ba ultimately to the rewovnl of special cau: if morualite, | OHO o. 5 are e-rebtially relsted to national happiavss aut at. | Michigan. “ vaucey ent | Indra, 6 gag With reepect to the ongovity and vital ohatagtoristion | Litinois,. 3 257 Of slaves and the fren esloved. ‘the foliowing epitome of | Mitouri, 1 2 life teblre ie civen fer Lares loealt tes, celeeted from the | lewa.. te Northern, Middie, on! Sonthern Sintes The values for | Wieeonein, ” New England are deduced from thy gaveratcensas, em | C& Mornia, Soe Dracing 45020 colord residents; that of Maryland is |. Tervivorte founded upon the cotal returns of 99 3°8 saver; and that | Minnerota, oe Of Levicivna upon the aggregate ef 244.786 slaves, aad LA be colored, teten col! it Pee ne woe of fetbaie Afi arkeble woile Mi Ld # prevalent opin morvality of malo a oe ee om i slaves in Louisiana {1 atetictically oondrmed, The table Total....++ 46103478 230 955 562 619 9702 Peesesmrn a higher interost, not ooly from the detiaite avd Oompreb nsive Information contained, bus for being the Ad enslyria with respect to native and foreign popula- fon, made {rom the returns, by Harvey &, Poot, LL D ’ mute instruction was introduced from Europe | | 4500C0 annually We have no moans of arriving. colored. Insane, WHITMS, FREECOL’D. sLAvRS Aggre- 1 FM 254 197 276 848 Oar a | 31 9 4 % 134 #18 #18 10 1S 8B cs ou 018 16 38 ., Be e OP oe ee 226 61 23 2 "0 15 558 Ne Sahar Saat WE tei 605 417 «9 «27 «22 36 1,026 a0 242 4 «1 8 15 40L 108 84 1 2 8 6 204 WT 12 #1 1 7 16 306 © ee sc ay ee 106 102 ‘i ‘i 18 17 245 1 6 .. 4, W Ie 149 Ta a a eC CoB FE ese ee Re eee 28 19% «i 8 «8 18 478 mi 317 1 2 8 8 57 6s 640 1 6. 1,852 6 YN a ie ee 30 260 2 8 LOL bro 137 09 3 .. . m0 wo f31 ‘i 1 "2 (7 288 19 21 se ee ewe 0 ni Ale asses, 19, ach Minnesota. Se teh ee ore ask Heme Oregon .... dy Wray Bie Bee tae Ne MawMexien 08 18 «len | sec hee Seeeabe 117 174 15,768 . aLaves. Agere: States . FM FM. Maine. PRlat See UO eae New Hampshire 208 140 4 1. 0. Vermont. a ae i ag a oT 466 32004 2k Rhode Islan Cie i ae a Connecticut... 182 14 8 1 New York..... 1032 689 8 10 1. New Jeracy 22 «(168 9 : a) Pennsylvania, 709 6587 34 98 1, $31.) 48 ak. 18, 8 M7 (1282 kd 3 4 3 or 560-385 6466 125 338 «286 «12 «20 74 139 108 2 2% 4 22 .. 8 69 Cee a Ge a9 M4. S80 8 68 1 4 86 o 3 & 8 28 Texas....++ Ba BO” Mee ige O Arkaneas 1 ae a ee a Tennerrec, 439 «= 350 2 2 86 Kentucky. 4 821 13 «7 «(48 Ohio... 79 611 10 9 ., i aaal oh e a6 0 Y 8 ptt ae ee US ss. as 31 Siew of 6 ox 5954 234 202 585 ‘Want of time will not permit a sufficiently detailed ex. amination to arrive at the causes which present these fortunate beings in such greater number than they ap- peard in 1840. From the manner of taking the census of 1£60, they could not be rated higher than their actual pumbers; and it follows, therefore, that the returns in 1840 must have been ient, or that an error occurred in plasing the figures inthe tables. A more particular exumination of both sets of returns will be méde, re- vious to the printing of the Seventh Census, in which it is hoped the discrepancy will. be satisfactorily explained. Throvghout our country, increased attention is bein paid to tbe amelioration of the condition of this class our population, a feeling kept im active operation, and made to yield continually practical fruits, mainly threvgh the instrumentality and devoted zeal of ono Avierican lady, whose reputation is not limited, and whose influence is not confined to her native country. EDUCANION. It was intended to accompany this report with a tabu- lar statement preventing the statistics of education in the United States. We are compelied to defer such table to a future period for want of time to complete it. It may be of the country on the first of June, 1850, or at the rate of one ip every five fiee persons. than 115 000, and the colleges and schools near 100,000. { Lwill endeavor to furnish, in = few weeks, a detailed | statement of the condition of the American poople ag rerpects education, to which time it will be proper to de- fer extended remarks. PAUPERISM | No State in the Union is without its legal provisions tion | tion which places them in an enviable condition compared with rome of the laboring classes of other countries. By the table annexed to this report it will be perceived that the whole number of persons who have received the | relief of indigent persons, amounta to 134972 Of this number, there were 68538 of foreign birth, and 66 434 Americans, while of the whole number receiving sup pot on the first day of June, there were 86916 natives, and 15,437 foreignets, making a total of 50.353 persons Of those termed Americuns many are free persons of color. The entire cost of the support of these individuals during the year has amounted to $2.954,806. This aggregate may feem startling to persons who have paid but little ion to pauper statistics in our own and other coun- dit may be ureful, and, perhaps, not amirs to ecmpare these facts with results as they are officially de- veloped abroad, In 1818 about $39000,00 and during the years 1932- “33 and ‘34 more than $100 000,000, was expended for the relief and maintenance of the poor of England and Wales, exclusive of the immense expenditure of the poor Jaw administration in the unions and parishes. In 1842 and 7°43. the amount of $60,000600, and during each of the years 1847.48 and °49, there was expended $23,600,000 in Englind and Wales ‘The entire number of paupers relieved by the public funds in Engioni and Wales for nino y from 1540 to 1848 inclusive, amounted to 13,193 425, equal to 1,- €49 178 persons per annum, In 1848 the numberretieved was 1,876 541, by which ft appears that one person in | every eight was a pauper. ‘The average number of thous | annually relieved, who are represented to have been “adult and able lactrtneg sats 42 amounted to more than 477,000, and it is, on were kept from starvation by relief from public and pri- rate rourcer. The total public expenditure for the poor iu England and Ireland, in 1548, amounted to $42 750 000, Within the past seventeen years, the poor law fund ex ended in England and Wales amounted to $426 400.000. his enormous expenditure. accompanied as itis by im- menee private contributions, falls tar short of relieving the wants of the poor of Great Britain. While her popu- lation embraces a large number of persons of prinsely e3- tates and other classes composed of individuals of every variety of incomes combining with it ease comfort. and elegance. the rtatistics of the nation prove that the substra- tum of panperism or want. is of » magnitude alarming to the English moraliet and thinker, as well ae the states. man. and of an extent and nature harrowing to all ‘The expentes of the organized benevolent institations of France amounted, in 1847, to 52000,000 franc, The number of distressed persons relieved amounted to about proxim; at the number of paupers in Franc as institutions above referred to are con: fined to the cities and large towns whilo among the reral communes, which contain several millions of Ismd-d. proprietors. there are large pumbers of persons in receipt Of public support. It appears, from a report of Mr Du chatel. Mirister of Commerce, that 095,032 parsons re- ceived pubiic alms at their own houses The Netherlands, in 1827, with a population of 6 167, C00, contuined 11 400 charitable institutions, which con- tributed vo the support of 1.214,055 persons, abous oue- fifwh of the entire population, Whole No of pan- pers who receiv- ed support with {nthe year end- une let, Whole No. ¢ 5,M0 V7 oA at New Jereey,. L8I6 | 57 Pevpryivavin BAIS f Delaware a Alebams, Miscioipy fovisiana, ssttefactory to state ibat mear 4,000,000 youth were re- | ceiving instruction inthe various educational institutions | The teachers number more | for the protection and support of the indigeat popula- | ¥ In many States they receive a care and atten- | ¥ | benefit of the public funds of the different Steies for the | ritich authority. asserted that in | 1848 more than 2 (00.000 persons in England and Wales | 0 | Heed for thie epeetal | the sneients encouraged agricniiure and it re | hee received the atient lests apd rebo'ors who bave striven to thrown | litite which has beem accomplished by ihe «tileial docu. juente of Our country, avd to vie! the fact that we Powers XO reguierly organised office for the diveomina ot many subjects for reflection. and pated and interesting field for the study of the istiam, moralist, and statesman. REAL AND PRRAONAL ESTATE. Appended to our report will be found a table of the ‘valuation of real and personal estate owmed by indivi- Guals in each of the United States. This table, which fixes the wealth of our citizens at more than 7,133 mil- lions of dollars, ismade up from the official returns of property for the purpores of taxation, here the assers- ment bas been made ons sum-less than the intrinsic worth. the Aesistant Marshals were instructed to add the neceerary per centege to bring it up to its true value. ‘Wo are of opinion that the entire table fulls short of the reality at least 20 percent. For the purposes of taxa- tom, especlally om personal property, the full amount in value is not'generally given in, and in rural districts, espe- cially; all Kinds of property are aaesced at much tess than their worth ‘The table does not represent stocks or Donds owned by the separate States, or by the general government. This return will be narrowly scrutinized, ‘and will furnish matter for many a discussion on politi- cal economy. The value of es is included, The following is the valuation of real and personal ¢s- tate of the inhabitants of the United States for the year ending June 1, 1850:— True or Assessed Value Est’d Value, $96 765,863 $122,777,671 92,177,909 103,662,835 71,671,651 92.205,049 646 003.067 573.342 280 77 758,974 80 508,794 119,088 672 155,707 680 715,869,028 1 080,3C0,216 190.000,000 200,000 000 497,089 649 722 486,120 17,442.640 18 662.053 208,563 666 219,217,364 14,018 874 14.018,874 38) 680 430.701 682 227 413 226 800 472 283 867.709 285 257.608 » 835116225 336,425 714 22.784 837 22.862 270 219 476.150 228 304,332 208 422,167 051,130 220,165 172 098.764 51,027 456 §2.740,473 86,428 675, ‘ + 189,437,623 6 291.3 801 633 456 433 87 391 628 456 30,877.2 6 55 152 870 390 202 650.204 «214,782,645, 156.595 006 08 595,463 187.247,70T 21.690.642 23,714638 26,715,625 42,056 695 California} 22,123,173 22,161,872 5,998,983,281 —7,192,145,097 Territortes, Minnesota (not returned in full.) = _ New Mexico. 61T4ATL 5174471 Oregon. 6,063 474 5,063 474 U 986,083 986 083 Total..... 010,207,809 7,133,369,726 * In Now Jo estate only was returned, the in California are returnod. o The Assistant Marshals were re count of churghes. including halls and ch used as places of public worship. bel ing Vgious denominations. By the returns made, it appet there are 36 011 churches in the several Btates, and 210 in the District of Columbia and the Territories. The churches im California and the Territories are not fally returned, but the religious denominations in those places ‘are not supposed to have possessed numerous or large buildin, ‘The halls or sobool houses which are used in many of the thimly settled gertions of the country, and in cities by sccieties which are unable to build houses of worship for their own ute, are not included. By the “ aggregate accommodations” in the table is meant the totat number of seats for individuals in the churches. Under the “value of church property’ is included the value of each of the churches and property owned by the different religious ocieties. By the annexed tables, it will be seen that the total value of church property in the United States is $86,416,- 639, of which one-half is owned in New York, Massachu- setts and Penmeylvania. In the table, we specify the principal out of more than one hundred denominationg, returned, although between some of these there are bi slight sbades of difference in sentiment or form of church government. About thirty are returned as African,” thirty as“ Independent,” and twenty as ‘ Protestant,” without distinguishing them more particularly. These, and ali the churches not properly clacred under the heads given, aro included ia‘ Minor Sects.” All the fuired to give an ac- els, if statedly to all re. included under their general heads, except where dis- tivetly specified. There is one church for every 557 free inhabitants, or | for every 846 of the entire population | _ The average number the churches will accommodate is 384. and the average value $2 400. Churches are more numerous, in proportion to the population, in Indiana, Florida, Delaware and Ohio, and less numerous in Californis, Louisiana and lowa, Thore in Maseachusotts are the largest, and have the greatest average value. The following tables present interestingfacts respeot- | ing the relative vatue and cise of the churches in the feveral States, and those of different denominations They slso show the number of churches to the total population in each State:— : Se PA Be % fF FP RF? #3 a eee) ae ee. Whe = we Sy ¥6 Ss : 2 <Ey-w, es ey i. & io iS et ae PS] 1 6 oe = S & 3 OF8 3 f Fe 83 g 3. 32 oe States, : es BF = ‘ain 861 685 Sol 2,151 7137 5009 40 55741 310 899.265 4: 4,543 North Carolina 1, 530 South Carolina 1,163 | Ceara seeeree LT Florids. 256 Wieconsin . 75435 328 Californii 9,40 417 Total...... $2,400 & 5 Re | bed x = i 3 a fF 8,130,878 353 $10 081.582 $1494 29600 365 845810 104) 796177 475 7973962 4.763 181.986 661 4 006,730 12644 625212 4:0 11,261,970 7919 As agriculture is a branch of industry coeval with the history of mankind, its covnection with the general wel- fare of the vation ro intimate, is reciprocal bearing on manufso'ures so immediate. both a¢ mitted to form the dave of proaperity end power of the people, as it iva branch of roience. the prosperity of whleh In all Its re: sources affects individuals of every order. and without Which there could be uo commerce it bas seemed proper, while exhibiting the a-tunl condition of agrieultaral in dusiry in the middie of the century, to pres nection therewith rome history of the eharaste Suction and increase cf the most important of the agri- cultural productions of our country. and of their tormer Present commercial consequence to ourrelves and erpments Realizing thnt all boman life is de- npow it and that the earch would be nearly de- ted by a year’s failure, nearly ail tne nations of rth, froin the remotes period, bave maintained in- stitutions precwinemtiy caleulated tur (bo promotion of agriculture, honoring b ndty, and encouraging the aay t of the rcier Agricnl tow fostered by the nations of the con tive nt ot j iis publicly Woght in institutions de- “* and iv Many of thetr col- Weees; and the recult has been that, ax formerly. white ed the ailon Of orators, and ite praixes and procepta were re later yeots where properly fostered and oneouraged it of come of the greatest intel- st Hight upon this ‘grand ert of rende 4 happy, Weol'by. and powerful.’ In view of what has been dove by otber uations, of the ng mani, varieties of Baptists, Methodists and Presbyterians. are | 120 | 1952 | 737 861 108.605 300 252.255 714 282823 396 1,709.867 2,305 German Reformed 337 156082 479 955,880 2953 Jewteh .. vs 16.575 534 — 371.600 11.987 | 631,100 441 2,867,886 2333 Mennonite, 20.°00 272 94'245 «856 Methodist . 4,200,333 397 14.636671 1.174 Moravian 112185 338 443.347 1.339 Prosbyterivn,.... 4584 2040316 445 14300839 3.135 Komen Catholic. 1,112 620,950 658 8978838 8.080 Swedenborgian .. 16 5670 388 = 108.100 7.206 Tunker 52 35.075 674 = 46.025 585 619 213.552 345 609065 114 243 186.367 565 3.268 122 13 449 494 = 205.462 415 1,767015 3576 | 825 «115.347 354 = 741,930 2.283 Total.........86011 @3,849896 384 $66,410,639 $2 400 AGRICULTURE cited by the bards and sung by the poets aod mocarohs oe ieips in ite labors. learning and ag cure went | snd in band. #0 that the greacert geniuses of the age identithd themrelver with ity promotion; ro in these the importanee of their too more genesal end, perfect tack conscious of toabitty t pointe val Better duty. sh imhabita as B on population live in towns and villages. other pursuits than those of agriculture, the of improved land to be assigned to each person oocupy! orworking it may be arrumed to be not less than 1: acres, In the New England States, the average for the whole population is little more than 4 acres to each person; in New York and Pennrylvania, 3 9-10 acres; in the other Middle States the seme, In Virginia the pro- ‘tion is sbout 7 acres; in South Carolina, 6 scres; in entucky. 12 acres; and in Tenneseco. 6 acres, The cash value of the farms im the United States is set down at $ 3 270,733,093, UNIMPROVED LAND. Thia return is to be understood as including the unim- proved land connected with. or belonging to those farms om which productions are returned. In the present unsettled state of large portions of the country this clussification is of leas practical utility than it will be come at # future day, whem similar returns will enable us to form calculations respecting the quantity of Inad brought into requisition annually for agricultural pur- pores. The following table will exhibit the quantity and value of the improved and unimproved land belong ng to the farms and plantations of the several States, aud of course it includes the value of the buildings thereon, Statement showing the number of acres of improved and un- | improved land, in farms, cash value thereof and averaye hvalue per acre in each State, cash value p A whee : 259 $3 wAS & “ me aa3 Bs 5 é ait States. Had 3 fe Main see 2039.59 BON 78 N Hampshire. 2,201 2 Verm 2601 3 O38, 43 ay 27: Now York... 12 4 DAG td Now Jersey 120 297 SIL Yennsyl ania, 407,876,099 te el i> 54,733 G84 T5814 39% 16,393,747 15 205 245 97,551,212 154'390'262 858 758,603 51 S72446 135,335 173 96,138,200 28 '523,563 SSTLOL 23 161 948, 299 951 2,819,170. aieanee 30516 SLL.799 New Mexico, 370 1,633,952 Agaregate.... 248 308,078,970 $8,270,738,008 Av'ye cash value States per acre States per acre Maine H $5 22 371 Now Hampshire Vermont SENEIESSE Pennaylvan Fg Delawn; 219 1 Maryland ° 18 5 District of Columbi: 63 03 60 Virgivi i 8 27 9 53 33 09 508 661 a 6 399 6 65 5 30 New Mexico. .do 5 69 , including State per soro, VALUE OF FARMING IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINERY. For no stronger proof of the ingenuity and activity of the Ametican mind need we search, than that developed in the readiness with which labor-saving expedients for carrying on the commonert operations in agriculture are discovered and applied. One hundred and fifty one millions of dollars would appear to be at this time invested io implements and machinery for aiding and abridging the work of the hands in cultivating the earth and in pre- paring its produce for consumption. In most civilized countries of the old world, so great is the density of the population and the prices of labor so low. as to create Jess necessity for such machines; and nowhere does the same amount of ingenuity appear to have been exercised in their preparation es is evinced with our mechantos and husbandmen. In rome portions of the old world where the necouity is telt and acknowledged by the intellivemt. a predomi- alvable for many the facility with which it can be wroug! The prevatling breeds of swine in the Middle, Northerm and Wester States are the Berkshire, the Leloestershire, the Suffolk, the Essex, the Neapolitan and the Ohinose. om Ee id ane variotios, bie nn a boom oduce more Important of which are yield, the Woburn the Bedfort. the Grass aud Mackay. The Nespolitans are particularly well adapted for » Southerm climate. 3 Ip 1627, the plantations on James river conteined shout 2,000 head of horned cattle, gon! dance and wild hogs in the without . 39, there were in Virginia 30 000 cattle, 200 horses, am@ 70 awes; and In 1648, there were 20,000 cows, bulls and calves, 200 horses and 1, 50 annor, 3,000 shes 5,008 from the United States 853 horses, cattle, 11,117 sheep, and 7 885 re, horse#, 1.640 mules, 5.881 cattle. 8.962 sheep, swine; in 1840-41, 2.930 horses. 1418 mules. 14,639 sheep and 7,901 swine a mules, 1,350 cattle 4,867 she: According to the census returns of 1840, the United States 4 335 669 horres and mules; neat cattle, 19811374 shecp and 26.801,203 swine; of 1860 4 335,258 horses. 559,229 asses and mules, én horned cattle, (including 6.392.044 milch cows 1 600,- 241 working oxen,) 24,721,614 sheep, and 80,816,008 swine, . a 4,971,508 Honees In the tables of 1840, horse. mules and asses were re turned together; im those of the lest census, the number of horres is given in one column, and asses and males im another imerease in the seerogate number of three clarres of animals, during the tem years, was 659,003. It is presumed the greatest increase has oe curred in the number of mules. Many suppose that the great extension of raitroads has a tendency to with the use of lvrge numbers of horses; but one very ood reagon for the smull apparent increase in the num- fer of borres, exists in the fact that che em 1860 omite all in cities and includes all or mainly such es ‘are employed in agriculture or owned by farmers. Im New York, where there are leas than a thousand m' there appears to be # decline in the number of horses mules together of 26566 ; in Pennsylvania, of about 13,000; in New England, of 17,000. or more than twenty- five per cent, while in all these States reilroad —— ance has almost superseded the use of horses for tray ling purposes. On main routes we would more readily attribute the apparent diminution to the omission te enumerate the horses in cities and towns than to superteding of horse power, which the opening of roads would often bring into requisition in various operations. Im Ohio, and the new States of North- weet, the Increase of horses has kept pace with that of the pepe ‘The four end a quarter millions of these noble animals in the United States constitute ® propor- tion of one to five of the inhabitants. New York hag ‘one horee to seven persons; Pemnylvania, one to six and six-tenths; Oblo, one to four; Kentucky, one to three free inhabitants. The number of horses im the United ns more than three times as large as that in Great ritain, i eT a ASSES AND MULES As mentioned in the preceding ph, we find im the tables of 1840 no basis of com; m in regard to the raising of asses and mules, By the last réti it shown that the number of these animals ip the U: 569 070, of which all but 30,000 are found in the Southerm States. For various employments, the mule is far better adapted to that region than the horse. Extreme ead long continued heat does not enfeeble him, and the ex- pense of bis subsistence and general care is much less, im comperison with the service he is able to perform Im some Northern States a considerable number formerty were reared for export, and a brisk trade was kept up with the West Indies in this kind of stook. What ere now exported fiom the points which formerly monopo- ged this branch of trefiic are brought from South, Tenneseee is the leading State in the production of mules, the number in that State, in 1860, ha been 76,308; Kentucky was next, having 65,609. In New Mexico the number of mules was 8.064. greater by nearly four-fifthe than the horses returned for that terri . Muoh at- tention has rears to the improvement of mules in taky: Tenneeeo and Missour to be. employed In army tucky. Tennessee an em in army transportation in Mexico, were often not inferior im height to the horses of that country, and were at all tumes superior to them in strength, enduranos and use- fulness, Under the general te rin of neat eattle were embraced, tm e rm of neat 6 the Sixth Consus, the three devoriptions of animals desig- maced in that of 1860 as milch cows. working oxen, end other cattle. The aggregate of the three classes in 1840, was 14,971,686; in 1860. 15 356 287. The inorease, therefore, between the two periods, was 8,383,701, or about twenty per cent, They appear to be distributed quite equsily over the Union, The amount of butter gives sa —— of something over 49 pounds to each milch cow. average health! cheese to each cow is 1635 pounds. As with horses, the same allowance must be made on ae- count of the omission of cows except in sonaeetion with nating prejudice not unfrequently exists among others in the community against what 1s new. and probibits the Introduction of anything not stamped with the | approval of their ancestors. nor covered with the venera- ble mos of antiquity. Here, however no euch senti- went influences the farmer to reject # useful invention. No greater delight was enjoyed by forsigners in Lon- don, during the Great Industrini Exhibition than that by Americens on the trial of the reaping machines, and the triumphant success of the American Reaper, Of the whole sum expended im articles of this characte: New York has invested $22,084,925; Pennsylvania, $14.722 541; Lovisiana $11.576 938 (perhaps toa great extent in machinery for crushing sug: | $12,760,685; Kentucky, $5 169037, Virgini | DOMESTIC ASTMALS, Wh: n we consider the social condition of nations, lonz congregated and civilized, and necessarily existing under | the impulses of utilitarianism. it is not surprising that man, whether sing @ permanent abode, or naving emigrated to a distant land, sbontd become attached to | Ubere animals which have proffered to him their perfect | Obrdence. sagacity, courage, strength. velocity, milk, | fleeces fleeh, &c , nnd should regard them with admirs- | tion. gratitude, ond even affection. Such, doubtless, was | | the case with most of the adventurers who first sought a new home on our shores, and brought with them those | apfmata which would render them tha mort assistance | | and subserve the best purposes for clothing and food The first an'mals introduced into Am-rica from Burope | | were by Columbus in bis second voyage. in 1493. He left Spain a4 admiral of seventeen ships bringing 2 collec- tion of Muropean trees, plants, avd seeds of various kinds, | anumber of Lorses, a bull and several cows ject States were landed in Florida by Cabeza de Vaca, in 197. forty-two in number, | all of which perished or were otherwise killed Tha next ppertetion was also brought to Florida, by Do Seto in 529, which consi:ted of a large number of horses and ewine. among which were thirteen sows. the progeny of the lar Foon after increasing to several hundreds The Portngzete took oattle and swine to Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. In the yest 1553 Thirty yeare after, they bad multiplied so abnndantly tbat Sir Richard Gilbert attempted to land there to obtain supplies of cattle and bogs for bis crew, but waa wrecked to Acadia by ML arbot. » French lawyer. in 1604 the year that country w: eettled In 1698 the French ex- terded their settiement imto Canada, and soon after intro duced various avimals. | In 1609 three ships from Bugland landed at Jamestown | in Virginia, edth many emigrants and the following do | mestic animals ten A six mares. one horses, si¥ hundred | swime, five hundzed domestic fowls. with a fow sheep and goats. Other animals had been previously introduced , {here In 1611 Bir Thomas Gates brought over to tha { ry ter Ot one bundred cows ios other cattle, ‘The year follo#5¢. tpn rast Imnorted some cows from the West Indies | Virginia prohibiting the killing f domestic animals of | 608 | eny kind on penalty of death to the principal. burning | | the hand and lees of the ears to the accessory, and twen- ty four hours whipping to the concealer As carly as the year 1617. the swine bad multiplied so | tapidly im the eolopy that the people were obliged to | fy mestown to prevent being overrun with them, | | In 1e27, the Indians pear the settlement fed upon hogs | which had become wild instead of game. Every family in Virginia,at that time. who had not an abundance of | teme hege and poultry. was consider In | 1€48, » of th In | 1087. theep and ea to be exported from the province By the year 1722, or before, sheep bad | fomewbar multiplied. and bore good fleeces. Ay cuily a8 16.9. the Plymouth colony of Maseachus etts pore ttle goats, poultry and «wine Hence tt y be concluded that their importation followed soon rihe first scttlemen’ in 1620 In the year L620 | bundrea and fifteen ent:le were brought over in “Grand Embarkatten ” besides eome horses and mar: d forty-one goata, rench Of [Uinois were in possersion of con- siderable Te of horres. cattle, aad awine, ‘The prevent stock of the Uoited Sta’es consiata of the sbimals firet introduced into the country; | of the original breeds one avother or the intermixture of the progeny of these crosses with thorve | | of more recent importation. and the pure blooded avi- | Wals brought direotly from Europe, ot the crosves of these | with one another | _ The principal breeds of horses adapted for apeoitiz pur- pores inthe Middie Northern and Western States are | the Norman the Canadian, the Morgen, the Conestoga, | or Pennsylvanian, the Virginiag, and the Kentuskinn For carringes of bravy deayght the Conestogas are regarded by mony asthe best. Nor be aatdle, draught, aod other | wa ful purposes, the Morgans are highly prized, especiat- Iz 1m New York. For rosdetees the “Normans aud Cana ans are frequeatly coveht For blood ths Virginians | and Kerturhinue generally take the lewd | Among the various races of cartie exialiog atlong us, where stilot regard is paid Uo breeding with a dedaice ob- | ject in view a preference ts given to the Darbams or Short Horns, the Herefords, the Ayrshires, and the Devons The Durhsme, feom their rapid growths enrly maturity. nud oapabiity of \eking on fat, are adapted only for high | keeplog of to the richest pastures of tho Middle and | Nertbetn States. and thors of Ohio. Kentucky aad other | forte ofthe West The males when judwicusly crowed With the other breeds. or wich the commoa cows of the country, often bepot the bert of milkers. and for this pur- pose they have been epecielly reeommended. The Here fords on the contrary. from their peouliar orgapizacion ere better avapied for poor or indifferent pastures andre. | plore subject te conioved droveht ; and for this reason they sre well suited for Calitornta New Mexico Texas ord other pats of the Seutn xem of thiv breed weysod in the yoke and the © aite on abuvdaice of milk + Hew of sarieustoral information although such av eweab- Webmept wae urged by Washimgton. nad many of his tOeeerrore in Officer to the preveat Lime it ia be pd jt the devotion to this rabject of more spec than tha nets for a mere table of figures re H gs Shs will be tolerated and that you wil rbort history attempted for each of our ¢ ie esentiog our produess of | fr: Cartes for a cool, mountainoas fegion or a cold rigorous chmate = Tley sucoced well Massacharet's New empebire, avo Vermont ane arg highly prized for theie temiepers Cocile tempers and rich Tne Devons, their hardihood. comparatively small Fite, liar structure mppeme to be adapted to pianab mate, a9 to all kinds of fiasturoge The first horses brought into any part of the territory | 5 | at present embraced in the Un Swine and other domestic antmale were brought over | fq 1016 om edlot was ievuod in | sgriculture. The only echedule, in which the live stock of the country eould be enumerated were those used for obialping the agricultural Taaea of fatms. From thie fuct the echedules for population and manufactures being 4 used in cities, their live stock was not inoiuded im ma RUTTER AND CHERSR. ‘The census of 1840 furnishes us no statistios from whiols we can accurately determine the quantity of butter an@ cheese theu produced. The value of both is given under the heagirg of value of the products of the dairy, st the sam of $33.787 UCO. It is presumed that the Inade their Teturns in accordance with the prices governing in their rerpective districts. which would differ so widely as to render any ussumed average as mere conjecture. New y is far in advance of any other State in the produc- They yield one fourth of all the 6 half the cheese produced in the which makes 40,000,000 in cheese than many States, tiveness of its dairies. butter, and neatly Union. Pennaylvanii butter, is lers pro! | Im this latter article, Ohio is before all other | excent New Yerk. following table shows the amount of pro- ported from the United States for pins ince Butter, lbs Cheese, ibs. Value. 06, $190,287 1,131,817 284.796 1'745,474 504 816 2.456 336,185 5,440,146 508 938 | 7.848.145 758 820 | 1s44—46. 7.941 187 878,865 | 1646--48. 8 675,300 1,063,087 1846—47, 15.673 600 1,741.770 1847—48, 12.019 935, 1361 668 1gA3--49, 8406242 (17,435,882 1,654 167 1#49—60 .,. 3,876 176 15,020.817 1,215 468 | 1860-61, :3,904,542 10,381,189 (1,124,658 eee ‘There was, between 1840 and 1850 an insraase of 2, 300,- | 108 in the number cf theep in the United States. 16 will be useful to cbserve with some closeness the progress of sheep breeding in different parts of the We perceive thatin New England there has ovou: a re markable decrease in their nomber. There were im that | division of the Union, in 1840, 3811 507; in 1850, the number had declined to 2164462, being a decrease of 1,646 855, on 45 per cent, . 4 mete | Cire raat Auer‘, Middle States—Now York, New rt ict Freee lee ware and Marylsud—there was ee rom 7 402 851 to 5 641 39) und | @r about 224 percent. In Pousayivicde (ads Oe 1 Wir, however curing this period of 155.000 . | We ree that while there Es been a positive diminution | of 3 408 000 in the States above named there has been | augmentation of 5,717 668 im those South of Maryland and | Mest of New York. Ohio has gained most largely. havi | been rolurned a# pasturing in 1840, 2.628 401; and in 1858, 2072.92 am Inerenso of L O14 628 oF 100 per come. In each of the south and west of the lines indi cated, there has been a very large proportional inerease im this kind of stock. and there is reasonable ground for the opinion that the Lilly lands of Virginis. Nor:h and Sout Carolina, Tennessee and 4 the prairies of Iinols, Lows, and ‘exas. will prove highly favorable for the rearing sheep for thetr wool aud pel's bad New Mexico has the extraordinaty mumber of 377.271 tbeep. more than tix to each inhabitant proving thy scl oud climate of that territory to be weil adapted to this der cription of stock. and giving promise of # addi- tien from that quarter to the supply of wool Po: tance of fostering this great branch of nations! pro- duction ix shown by the fact as acsumed by am intelli grt writer on the subjeot, that our bopalation ann consumes an amount ef wool equsl to 7 pounds for 1900. Par this estimate be «ven an approximation to correst- Dees, we are yot very far short of produciag ® quantity adequate to the wants of the country; and it fs eq ~~ rer we bon z. Pyne of bey se adapted to grazing sufficient to support flocks numerous enough to clothe the people of the world. VALUE OF LIVE STOCK, ‘The vers large amount representing the value of live stock in the United States canaot be considered extrava- gant in view of the immgonre nam ber of animals retarned. It is om item ef agricultursi capital which affords a good irdication of the weaich and prosperity of the country, WOOL. Analagous to the uses for which it serves to cotton. wool is a product of only less importance to the prosperity of the country than that leading staple of our agriculvare om ya very aratitys fact tha tiv a very ing fact that, t! the number sheep has increased. im ten years, Hy ed the aggregste weight of their fleeces hassugmented forty- iding 35,802,114 fix per cent per head. In 1840 there were 19 311 374 sheep, pounds of woot equal to 1 84-100 poun: Tn 1860 the average weight of each fleece was 2 43-100 pounds, from which it would appear that snob an im- provement had teken place im the varions breeds of the American cheep ae te in orenss their aversge product about thirty-two per cent through: the Unived States. And of sheep and wool p-oves ipable of such improveaemt, Tm Vermont the greatest attention has been theep breeding, time money and intelligence have heew freely applied to the greavobjeot of obsaining & breed combining weight and flocners of fleese. These efforts have euccreded #0 well that although ti er Of theep in that State bad declined nearly pericd frem the eixtn to the seveath cemsua. the yield of wool remsined nearly the came. ‘The average weight of the fleeoe in this State in 1840. #88 25 pounds. sod tm 18€0 ft had ‘nereased to 471 100 pounds; the gain being Equal to almost sever ty pet com ‘Tn Meecachnste also where strennous @xertions have doen made, though net on co large @ scale a3 im Verca tO improve their sheep. & corcespondingly denefiei yotained, ned che average weight of the fiseoe ~4 ves Increased fen 2) to 8 V0 ceo renae ‘The Stat New You more wwoel, tn 1400 from 3 453 000 sheep than from 5,118 000 im {conTinu®D ON sIxra PAGER] ~