The New York Herald Newspaper, November 20, 1852, Page 4

NEW YORK HF’,app SAMES GORDON ee OFFIOS N. W. CORNER 0" = SENNETT. «BD BDITOR. 4 FULTON AND NASSAU STS. | = | if sEMENTS THIS EVENING. am Bowery.—Wattace—-Wairine | aDWAY THEATRE, Brosdway—Rrewaey 11(— Govrie—Sroice Cvrny Tus Woman I Avoae, au’ BOWERY on run Wo BRO’ Yours, *AIBLO'S—Rox arn Cox MARRIED AND SErruen— “éwe Feve Conscantinoetx—eue Sion Buy's Re- , BURTON'S THEATRE, Chamber street.—Two Queens (Owe Trousano Mivuiseas Wastep—Tue Toopies. MAVIONAL THRATR! hatham egreet,—Eva, Tar Paixcese—Nontx Pour, WALLACK'S THEARTE, Brosdway—Two Caw Pray ae Thar Gaue—S arson anv Co.—Boanvine Senoon, WHITE'S THEATRE OF VARIETIES, 17 and 19 Bowe- .—Toonurs—Crestine THe line—THx Yooru Tat WER Saw a Woman Pa! py Mitx's Boy, CIRCUS, 87 Bowery.—EavesrRian Exrentaimmenrs. AMERICAN MUSEUM.—Twe Gasr Nar, OHRISTY’S OPERA HOUSE, Minera Risy BY Ounuety's Mi Brosdwsy.—Bruioria» RELA. WOOD'S MINSTRELS, W. —Erniortas Minst hm! DOUBLE SHEET. Saturday, November 20, 1852. 's Musical Hall. 444 Brosd- New York, Malls for Callfornta, TUE NEW YORK WEEKLY HERALD. ‘The mail steamship Mlinois, Captain Hartstein, will leave this port at two o'clock this afiernoon, for Aspinwall with the California mails; end the Star of the West, Cap tain Tinklepavgh, at three o'clock, for San Juan dol Norte, The New Youx Weexiy Henarn willbe published at ten o'clock this morning. Agenis will please rend in their orders without delay. Single copies, sixpence, Matis for Europe. THE NEW YORK WEEKLY RERALD. The mail steam-hip Humboldt, Captain Lines will Jeave this port at noon to day, for Southampton and Llavre. this mornirg. The New York Weexty Heraro will de published at half past nine o'clock. Single copies, in wrappers, sixpence The News. We regret to be unable to furnish any informa- | tion, in addition to what was yesterday contained in the deepatches from Charleston, concerning the intentions of the Captain General of Caba, in send- ing out the steam frigate and the sloop-of-war to intercept tho United States mail steamer Crescent City, off the harbor of Havana The intelligence yesterday published produced no inconsiderable son- | sation, and the utmost anxiety exists to ascertain | the result of the interview between the vessels | named We have adverted at length to this affair, | in another column. In the Board of Aldermen the Broadway Rail- road question was brought up, and Alderman Ward presented his minority report adverse to the project. Both were read, and an important debate ensued, in which he and Alderman Sturtevant were the | chief speakers. The report contains an opinion from the Corporation Counsel, that they have the right to make the grant, but no right to exact any bonus. This, as a matter of law, is denied by Alderman Ward, who insists that it is giving away a right worth one or two thousand dollars, and which the applicant offered voluntarily to give an equivalent for The result was, as has long been thoroughly understeod, that the majority report was adepted, and a resolution passed, grant- | | ang the right to construct the railroad to the po- | titioners, by ® vote of fifteen to two. The debate, the resolution, &s., will be found in our speciai report, and will prove highly in- teresting to all our fellow citizens. In con. nection with the Second, Sixth, and Eighth venue railroads, and also the Broadway road, an application was made by petition from Wm. Radford. D-q> sue wuuerous respon- sib'e parties, for a grant to construct another city | railway, with adouble track. The gentlemen pro- pore to build the road in the best manner, and the route selected by them is the Ninth avenue, thence to Greenwich street, down Greenwich street to Battery place, and return via Washington street A railway in these streets would be a great con- venience to the community; and from the interes} already manifested in the project, we have no doubt§ but the city cohncil will grant the applica tion, The Board adjourned till Monday next. | The lengthy d is of the-European intelligence brought by the steamer Asia, which we publish to- day, are quite interesting. The article from the London Times, relative to the difficulty between this country and Cuba, is particularly rich. Do not fail to read it. The foreign news per the Asia produced no effect onthe cotten market. As there has been no fur- ther advance in breadstaffs in Liverpool, the market here for wheat and flour closed steady yesterday at previous prices, while Indian corn, owing to in- creased receipte, and especially of mew corn, sold at lower rates. Considerable tfantactions were making in the crop to arrive. Provisions were steady. City cured pork was selling at $1837 a $18 50. Coffee was firm, and large sales of Java were made, at prices ranging from 11 to 11}c., and afterwards it was sold at 12c. Sugars were quiet, without material change in quotations. The im- mense diversion of tonnage from England for Aus tralia had caused a material advance in freights, which had the effect of imparting additional firm- ness to rates in this market yesterday. Our special telegraphic correspondent at Albany, among other interesting items, mentions that the State Prison Inspectors indignantly repel the insi- nuations of Governor Hunt that there is no doubt that they have been guilty of neglect of duty, and that prison abuses have been allowed to pass unno- ticed, which it was their business to check. The quarrel has now grown into sugh importamce that it is probable the coming Legislature will be under the necessity of investigating the matter. Some- body is certainly wrong. Unanimous resolutions were yesterday passed by the New Hampshire Legislature,to drape the Capitol with mourning, Ip reepect tothe memory of Mr. Webster. Also, that the members would attend the funeral ceremonies in Boston on the 30th inst , and that Judge Perley be requested to deliver a funeral ora- tion on the 22d proximo. Late accounts from New Foundland represent the potato crop as having proved an entire failuro. There was fine sleighing at St. John, N. B, on Thursday. Hon. Andrew Shultz, formerly Governor of Penn sylvania, expired at Lancaster yesterday. He at one time stood very high in the estimation of the democratic party, but of late years had sunk into comparative obscurity, in consequence of having joined the whigs. Our Annapolis correspondent writes that Com Perry is about ready, and will be off for Japan in a few days. A man named Benjamin Fox was beaten to death during an affray at a ball, in Pittsburg, yesterday morning. | the late slave case decided by Judge Paine, intead | | Roberts was not at home, and the Crescent City sailed seen that a horrible accident occurred yesterday, by the falling of w evaffolding, loaled with“heavy stones, from the eaves of a five story building, io pro- grees of erection in Murray street. The mass fell upon two brothers, named Molntire, who were crushed and maimed in a mo-t shocking menner. We yereeive, by documents in another colamn, that the counsel for Mr. Lemmon, the claimant in taking the matter, by certiorari, before the Supreme Court. Thackeray's first lecture in this country, was de- livered last evening in the church of the Divine | Unity, Broadway, to « very full and fashionable audience. As Mr. Thackeray has but the one course of Jectures—first read in Ex gland, and now to be de- livered to admiring assemblies in this country—we comply with his request, not to give a literal report thereof, but instead, we give a pretty full sketch of last evening’s discourse, which had for its text, the | character and writings of the celebrated Dean Swift. | The lecture was, from beginning to end, abusive of the witty diguitary—who must not henceforth be | regarded as an Irishman—and seemed to have boen | more peculiarly suited to the prejudices of an Eng- lish audience, for whom it was at first, perheps, ex- | clusively intended. We likewise publish lectures by Mrs. Oakes Smith, on the subject of ‘‘ Hamani- ty ;”? by Rev. Mr O'Reilly, on ‘Irish Emigration,” and by Rev. J. West, on the *‘ Genius and Charac- ter of the late Robert Hall.” In addition to mavy columns of advertisements, our inside pages contain a large amount of very jnteresting reading, as will be seen by the annoxed | Porto Rico, Canaries, Philippine Islands, Marianas, Carolinas, Fernando Po Annabon and African towns. The army and.the navy are raised by con scription in the Penineula; every maleof twenty being liable to be drawn. Soldiers serve six years and seamen three. There are five different institutions to educate men for the army, namely, for artillery, engineering infavtry, oavalry, and staff The navy has greatly increased in strength sud importance within the last few years The. number of ships of the line on a war footing is four, eight frigates, sixteen eloops, twelve brigs, and thirty-six steamers from ose to eight hundred horse power ‘The tuperb navy yards of Cadiz, Kerrol, and Cartasgena, are now in fine orde: d near Cadiz islocated the naval school The mi tary and naval schools are open to ell who can pass the examination required The Home Department sup2rvises the council of Btate for the departments, the provincial councile and government, the polios, post office, the estab- lishments for the poor, the prisons, and the .telo- graphs. Each of the forty: nine provinces has a local Legislature elected by the people, and presided over by a Governor appointed by the Crown. The muni- cipal organization is a national characteristic of Spain, and the Common Councils of the various towne as wll as the Logislutures, are elected by a very general suffrage. The Department of Justice and Pablic Instruction embraces besides tho duties of Attorney Genera! of the government, the super- vision of colleges, academiys, schools, and also the ecclesiastical affairs There is a Supreme Coart, which holds itstittings in Madrid; District Coarts, | summary :—Rejoinder of the Nicaraguan Minister to the Statement of the Directors of the Accessory | Transit Company ; Letter Reviewing Political Affairs in New Hampehire; News from Cuba, Texas, Utah, &c ; Semi-official Announcement of the Settlement of the Lobos Island Difficulty; Pro- ceedings in the City Courts; Local, Theatrical and Cmmercial Intelligence, &e. diate Explosion. While some of ourcontemporaries, who seem to prefer the ease of the government to the honor of the coun- try, have been laying the flattering unction to their souls that the affair of the Crescent City had all blown over, the news by telegraph, which we pub light, and indicates, if we do not vastly mistake the | import of the intelligence, that the case is more | deeply embarrassed than ever, and that it is now ia | such a state of complication that the administration | will be compelled to take notice of it in a way that will protect the American flag from further insalt According to the telegraphic despatches, the facts ; are, that, while the United States mail steamer Isa- bel was leaving aters of Havana at sundown on Monday evening last, the Crescent City, with | the obnoxious Parser Smith on board, was about five miles from Moro Castle, steering fer port, and the Spanieh steam frigate Isabel el Cavolica and a Spanish sloop of-war bearing down upon herr A signal light was also seen blazing from the Moro. The two despatches, while they agree about the facts, differ in their interpretation of the meaning. Bat taking the news previously brought by the Blask Warrior, we feel at no loss for a key to open the mystery. By that arrival wo learned that the Captain General—under the influence of the old Speniards, who persuaded him that he was in dan- gor of lowering the dignity of Spain—had sent out a cruirer to intercept the Crescent City, and pravent her entering Havana. The intelligence since brough’ by the Isabel to Charleston, and transmitted over the telegraphié wires to New York, is fally con- firmatory of the Black Warrior's news, and leaves no doubt on our mind. that the Crescent City has been intercepted and probably fired into. The next news, therefore, from Havana, may be expected to be highly important. It is now over due, and will be brought direct to New York by the Crescent City*hereelf, if she isnot sunk or becbme a Spanish prize. The epinion that the mission of the Spanish cruiser was pacific, is untenable, for two reason: first, it would be undignified on the part of the Cu- | ban, or any other government, to send out a frigate | to meet and eonvoy the Crescent City into the har- | bor, and totally out of keeping with all the nravinna # she Captain (em-sai; and secondly, if that | was the intention, there would be no neceesity for a sloop of war in addition to the frigate. The | whole affuir, therofore, wears an aspect of hostility, and may eventuate in a complete rupture anda war be€ween Spain and the United States. Hitherto, our government has displayed remarkable imbecility in the business; but if the state of facts be what we | avticipate, we do not seo how it is possible for Mr. | Fulmore to stave offthe difficulty any longer, and | hond it over asa legacy to his suscessor in offize } ane | A gloss bas been put on the transactions of the ad | supervises, besides all that relates to commerce, mivistration andthe mail steam company in refe- rence to thie affair, which the facta do not warrant. When the first insult wagoffered, George Law, E:q., the President of the company, wrote three letters to Mr. Conrad, then the Acting Secretary of State, and got no satifaction whatever. Before the Crescent City cnited again, the government telegraphed Mr Roberts, the agent of the company, to ceme on to Washington, and, meantime, removed Captain Por- ter, as they had the power to do, (being a naval officer,) from the Crescent City totho Georgia. Mr. with Purser Smith on board. When Mr. Roberts re- turned, he proce: ded to Washington, and had an in- terview with the government, in which they insisted that Pureer Smith should be removed from the Cres- cent City. Mr. Roberts said he would lay the matter before the company. He did ¢0, but the company Would not accede to the proposition of the govern- ment. They would not, to gratify the Cuban au- thoritics, pass a vote of implied censure upon an officer whore conduct had been irreproachable all through, and they accordingiy sent out Purser Smith in the Crescent City again. What the upshot is, we shall soon know. Meantime, while we are waiting for the news, it may be interesting to our readers to advert to the present condition ofthe mother country, Spain. Very little is known in the United States about that country, nearly the whole of the knowledge that existe in reference to her being derived from the popular geographies and histories used in schoola, and these are compilations from histories and sketches applying to a former period, and not giving afoitbful picture of the existing state of things. During the last thirty or forty years great obstacles have been overcome and great progress has been made in that fine old country. The present constitution of Spain was adopted in 1837, and amended in 1845. The Cortes or Parlia- ment is composed of two Houses, the Senate and tho Cor grees of Deputies: members of neither House re- ceive any pay for their attendance upon its eoasions Senatoss are appointed for life by the crown, with the approbation of the Senate. The eligibilicy to the Senate consists of a certain rank in civil, mili- tary, or ecclesiastic affairs, Or having been three times elected to the lower House, The Congress of Depu ties, composed of three hundred and eighty m:m- bers, is elected directly by the people. Tho qualiti- cation of an elector is as follows :—government offi- cors receiving over $100 a year, are entitled to vote by right of rank ; priests, men of scienee, lawyors, &e , by paying ten dollars taxes, and all other citi- zens who pay twenty dollara a year. Laws are made by the Cortes and sanctioned by the Crown, whose prerogatives are nearly the same as those of Eog- land. The general budget voted by tho Cortes last It is reported that two gentlemen of Indiana, Messrs: Dunn and Gorman, the latter a momber | of the present Congress, recently visited Louisville, | for the purpese of settling a political difficulty with pistols. Friends and reflection, however, dissuaded them from their rash intentions, and the affair was | satisfactorily adjusted. Mad. Sontag has received the gratifying intelli gence, that her eldest son has been appointed attaché to the Sardinian legation at Paris. On reference to the city nows column it will be year for the expenses of the government, amounted to sixty millions of dollars. The executive power is vested in acabinet consisting of seven members, nominated by the Crown. They consist of the De- Pariments of State, War, Marine, Interior, Justice, and Public Instruction, Finances and Commerce, and Public Works Tho salaries of the heads of de- partments are 6.000 each, and those of the foreign The News from Cuba—Prospect of an Imme= | | lished yesterday, places the matter in a far different |” The European mails will close at half past ten o'clock | called Audiencies, and Judges of Appeal. Trial by jury extends only to the offences of the press. Since the triumph of liberal principles in 1834 the church | tithe has been abolished, the numerous monastories of the male sex suppressed, and their property | disposed of by the government, which acts have | eince been approved by the Pope. The charch is sup- ported by the State. Tho salary of an Archbishop | is $5,000; that of a bishop $4000 a year. The law entailing property to the eldest eon, known in Eag- | lard as the law of primogeniture, was abolished in | 1837; but to obviate the inconvenience of a sudden inroad upon a long establighed custom, the law pro- vided that those of the present generation only, should inberit one half of the property entailed. introduced, which affords education to all clasaes. There are nine universities for philosophy, law, medicine, pharmacy, and theology, and seven especial schools for civil engineering, miniog, archi- tecture, agriculture, sculpture and painting, music andthe drama, ard veterinary. There are forty normal schools for the education of teachers, an A perfect system of public instruction nas been | Prices 1» New York—The Expansion | followed by other banks all over the Union. The | have shown, has been the greatest bet ween 1845 an® be © New York Legislature being in session at the time, | 1852, or under the tariff of 1846. ard Contraction of the Paper Currency. We had occasion the other day to refar to the in- fluence of the expansion of the paper currency of the couptry upon real estate, and on the coat of living in the city of New York We selected three periods. in illustration of our statement, viz:— 1836, a year of great inflation ; 1843, a year of extreme depression, and 1852, the present year, as an example of another period of expansion and in- flation of prices. We showed that real estate, in its rise and fall, bad tallied with theee three periods, This is fur- ther shown by the tables we have given of the reay estate assestements for each of those years, in the city of New York The expansion of the paper currency we find car- ries up everything with it. It increases our im- portations, advances real estate, augments tho ex- penees of living. giving an artificial value to nearly all kinds of preperty. The contraction of the same currency, which sooner or later is sure to fullow, never fails to exercise an opposite tendency. The increased cost of farm produce to the pooole of New York, is not owing so much to any increase of middlemen’s profits as it is to the advance in all other species of property, cauted by the extension of banks and paper money. In 1836, all articles of food, whether of-ments or vegetables, were us high ae they are now, while in 1843 they were much lower. The system of middlemen (city market hucketers) was as common in 1936 and 1813 a8 now, and their profits (less expenses) have not, probably, materially varied at either period. The fact is, city consumers can never expect to obtain their meats and vegetables directly from the pro- ducers while the present state of things lasts How can man pay an annual rent of from $150 to $200 for a small stall in one of our public mar- kets and sell without a profit? A man who keeps a emali fruit stall in Washington market told us that he paid at the rate of $100 per annum daring sum- mer, but that in winter, when he sold poultry, they raised the rent to the rate of $150 per annum Who pays hie rent?) Why, the consumer. Where does the money go? Into ihe city treasury, so thatit is the consumer who is thus virtually taxed for city purposes. The corner store grocers, when they sell to con- fumers, mast also make a large profit, or they can- | notlive. Their store rent varies from $300, $400, and $500 to $1,200 or $1,500 per annum. They also require a clerk, must keep a horse, and pay | insurance, &e The eame applies to the keepers of local markets in the different wards. High rents not only add to the expease of procuring shelter, but go the cost of eatabes consumed. All go to- | | institute or high school in each provinee, and nautical schools in the priucipal seaports. The primary schools have been g@ igcreased as to num- ber at present over thirty thousand, having nearly two millions of pupils, trom a population of sixteen millions in the Peninsula and Bafvares Islanda. The system of education has been pronounced in a Germansreview to be hardly inferior to that of Prus- tia, This department also has the supervision of the national academies, archives, libraries, museums, and the agricultural, economical, and provident societies. The Department of Finances includes taxes, im- ~ports, State property, aud government monopolies A new system of duties has been introduced for the purpose of equalization, igeplace of antiquated customs. A strong party existsin favor of a liberal tariff and projected improvements, which will es- tablish the mauufactories on a firm basis, destroy- jug the contraband trade. Public attention is turned to a project for abrogating the government monopolies on tobacco and salt. These reforms bave already improved the State income to such an extent as to enable the government to meet the payments of the interests on the national debt with 28 much punctuality as any other European nation. To the great increace of the Spanish merchant marine, the improvements made in manufactures, and the immense mineral and agricultural re- sources, we may refer upon some other occasion We will, however, state thet in the single pro- vince of Tarragona there ara one buudred and twenty thousand workmen employed ia the cotton industry, which consume annually fourteen millions of killo- grammes of cotton; there are two thousand looms in the woollen manufactories, and four thousand jacquert in the silk There are besides, in that pro- vince, two hundred and eighty paper mills, three hundred and seventy: five tanneries, extensive cork works, of which article three hundred millions are annually exported to France. Pins, and other me tallic articles, are also manufactured. The Department of Commerce and Public Works the building of highweys, canals, railroads, and lighthouses. Railroads, intersecting the country in all directions, are in active progress of completion; canals bave been and are constructing, in appro- priate situations; snd throvghout her extensive coast lighthouses have been erected on tho most improved plans. For the encouragement of rail- roads, the government insures to the companies a six per cent interest on the stock, and one per cent asa sinking fund. The Spanish people bave well n'gh shaken off the lethargy that so long depressed their evergies and retarded their progress. The protracted period of intestinal feuds has given place to 2 mechani:al and agricultural activity that promi s00n t) place the country in favorable comparison with the most advanced natiors of Europe, if her government will only learn wisdom from the dear-bought experience of the past, by avoiding future civil or foreigu war. We wish her well, because it was her enterprise that led to the discovery of the New World, on whose soil ber flag was once planted, and because we feel a tort of reverence for her former greatness Her ancient policy does not suit her present con dition, nor does it harmonize with the power of otber nations, which have since outgrown her in | strength. Her true policy, therofore, for the futures | is to cultivate the arts of peace. She has fulfilled her mission on this continent, and her highost wis- dom would be to abandon Cuba at once, leave it to | its manifest destiny, and apply her attention to the | develepement of her resourcos at home and the | gradual expansion of human liberty within her own | natural domain. We would, therefore, impress upon her the prudence of yielding to necessity, and | selling the isMnd to the United States. It will s00n grow too hot for her to hold, and every insult to the flag of the American people, who own that part of the continent to whish Cuba geographically | belongs, only hastens the denovement, which ie now | but & question of time, More Nicawacua DrveLorements.— We publish to-day a rejeinder of the Nicaraguan Misistor to the publication in yesterday's papors of the directors of the Nicaragua Transit Company. By this, it ap- pears that the refural to name arbitrators by the compeny is only one, and that ono of the least, of the grounds alleged ogainst thom by the State of Nicaragua. Wedo not care to interfere in this dis- cussion; but it appears that a denial of powers so clear and complete as those of Mr. Marcoleta, not only for the special purpose of appointing arbi- trators, but for all other purposes in the relations of the State and company, is the paltriest of pro- tencce The language and intent of the desreo of the Nicaraguan government are bolk too clear to need argument. It will be seen that the positive expenditures of the company in Nicaragua, up to the time of the rendition of its accounts on the Slst of August Jast, were ineignificant. ‘fhe whole permanent in. vestment is far a road, reported to be nearly, if not wholly, impassable, which cost $23,985. The boats on the river are very inadequate, and altogether cost less than $200,000. Such is the basis upon ministers vary, tome reaching ag high as $20 000. The Spanish army consists of one hundred and fifty thousand men, including the troops in Cuba, which stock to the nominal value of $4,000,000 has been issued. If all this be true, how big a bubble | gether, and the increase of paper money is the fuel | | that feeds tho flame. | Some say the present inflation is caused by the | receipt of gold from “California. While this may | | have produced some effect, yet from the large re- shipments of it made to Europe, which amounted in | 1851 to about forty-three millions, and in nine monthe of 1852 +o about thirty-two millions, and | the inequality in the distribution of the remainder, | we believe that its agency has been over estimated. | No one can believe that had the circulation of paper | been rigidly confined to a specie basis—in other words, that had the gold been relied on as the prin. | cipal circulating medium, to the exclusion of paper | | money founded on State debis, ér bonds, that things | would have so suddenly attained the present state of inflation | To prove how regularly the prices of articles of living, the amount of foreign importations, tue va- jue of real eatate, (with which the cost of rents cor- responds), are all, more or less, based upon the ex- pansion and contraction of paper money, we have only to submit the following tables:— Tare Suowina tHe Cost or ARticurs oF Foop 1x THE Crry oF New Youx 1s rim youtowina Yrans, Nov 9, 1536. w. 41543. Nov. il, 1852, le. 9 le. de. EY w, per 1b. Cheese, ue & We. 01236 VEGRTANLES, frites per buah,.$1 5082 Sta $13) pr.bl. com, 61 60 ppt ee ah = Potatoes, pr. peck, 6230. SM ga37sgpr Sweet du, do. do, $1. waste Onions, do. do. 75e. Turnips, do. do. 620. do. do. $1 a— 5 Py Be8,"per 100 $30 $5 per 100 Quinces, prbh'l, Bo a 40. exon Beete, per bushel $1 a — 750. @ $1 pr. bull Squashes. 750.8 $1do. Se. . Der 100 75e.a$1 prbush. | Pumpkins, pr. doz,$1 a> - Be. wide. each The difference between the prices of edibles in from the fact that in the former year communisa- tion by railroad with the interior was limited. We then had no Harlem Railroad beyond Wil- liamsbridge, fifteen miles in length. The New Haven aud Hudson River roads were not in exist- ence. The Erie rond had only penetrated Orange county. The Long Island and New Jersey trans- portation with Camden and Amboy, were the only roads completed within immediate connection with this city. One great argument in fevor of the extension of the Erie sailroad to Lake Erie, and for building the roads through to Albany and New Haven was, that by giving the farmers facilities to reach the city with their produce, the cost of living in New York would be much reduced. We now bave direct railroad ocommunication with the great fertile States of the West, and with ail the country to the North of us, extending into the Canadas, with new roads extending through New Jersey into Pennsylvania; and yet, straoge to tay, living in New York is about double as high as it was in 1843, while the population from 1845 to 1€52 has increased more.than one-third The only rational explanation to be found for this difference is attributable mainly to the great expan- sion in our paper currency, which is shown in the following table :— Nonsea axp Gonpmion of tHe Baxxs oF tHe Usirep Brates, Deceamrn 1, 1836. No Banks Capital Cireulation. _ ’ Specie 723... $378,421,168 $140.30) 038 $40.009 ‘tos Prat Decemnen 1, 1843 cited 601 ,... $228,861 000 $58 683 608 $33,575,806 $56,168,628 Jaxvany 1, 1861. 865... $220,084.406 $163,068 388 $61,907.91 $129.076,002 Since the date of the returns made to the let January, 1851, a large additional number of free and other banks have gono into operation in the States of New York, Indiana, New Jersey, Illinois, and in the New England States. At the present time the total number of banks in the United States aro not much under one thousand, with a corres- pondingly increased circulation, and without an in- creased ratio of specie, as State stocks have mostly | been used in place of it, for banking purposes Twenty new banks have started up im this city alone 1843 and 1852, appears the more extraordinary iy parced an act legalizing the suspension for one year. The great fault of free banking is, that the legislatures should kave omitted to require specie deposita as a basis for banking. Much covld be dove to remedy the existing evil, and to avert impending danger. It will be por ceived by the bank returns we have given, that between the years 1836 and 1843, a most extra- crdinary bark revulsion ocearred, and which is without a parallel, if we except alone tho South Sen bubble, and Law’s financial scheme, in Frence Tbe reaction in property of all kinds was so great and universal, that it seomed to be little short ofa rational bapkruptey, and a bankrupt law, for once, hada majority, which was passed, did its cfice fer the moment, and was repealed. The cauves for gil this extraordinary reaction are dis- clored by the bank returns of 1843, We fiad that the capital of all the banks had fallen off, from De- cember, 1836, to Decomber, 1813, $219,660,163, Their circulation had decreased in the same period, 81,787,420 Their specie bad fallen off $6,433,738, and their depoeies declined $58,935,817. These facts abundantly acerunt for the depres- sion of real estate and low prices of food in 1813. Although a bigh or low tariff may influence to some extent the importation of forign goods, yet there is nothing which exercises a moro powerful influence over importatid@@® than the expansion of paper money. It protectionists really desire to restrict the introduction of foreign goods, thoy should by all means )\ Oppoee all banking but that founded on the precious metals as a basis, which is the only legitimate and safe capital for bank jssues. And when the people euffer a few more revalsions, they will find it out. Inronts ax Exvonss or rae Usitep States in 1836 Import: +++ $189,980 000 Exports... + $128.653,000 Population of the United States, about. 1843. Tmports........$100.162000 Exports Population of the United States, about. [No official returns yet published.] 1862 G Imports. (estima. Exports (estima- ted) Jume 30. $202.75 798 ted. 219 090,060 Population of the Usited States about, 24,000,000 We thus see that in 1836, when the banks had a Circulation of $140,301 038 of piper money, that the imports for the same year exceeded the exports by $71,317,000; while in 1843, when the circulation ef the barks had dropped down to $58,563,608, which was less by $81,733 430 than in 1836, we find for the same your the imports only exceeded the ex- ports by $4,529,000 : Agoin, we find that en the Ist of Jannary, 1851, the circulation of the banks had incroased to $155,968, 388—showing an excess of paper money in circulation, over that of 1843, of $95,404,780. Thig excess pidbably by this time does not amount to less than from $100,000,000 to $105,000,000. The imports for the year ending the 30th of Jane, 1852 have, by the best estimates to be had, exceeded the exports by about $40 000.000 to $50,000,000. The following statement of the value of real estate in the city of Now York, for the three periods we have stated, exhibits the influence of bank ex pansions and contractions on real eatate, as well as on other articles which enter into the expenses of living,— Value of Value personal real cttate » “operty $104,601,000 17,500,000 Amount of Totat value 1 7 sfstosoly $i0u.s0i%e0 $1,085 972 i 4,9: Of 764 229 227 079 1,747,516 59 as 12, 186,7 98 620,042 351,706,795 3,380,511 05 We thus seo that the to:al valuation o property in New York, real and personal, declined $30,271,- 832, from 1886—the year of inflation—to 1313, the year of depression, while the city taxe! increased $661,544.15. From 1843 to 1852, follow- ing enotber paper expansion, we find the total in- crease in real and personal estate to be $128,477, 716, and the increase of taxation $1,632,994 46. We proceed to give the following tables, showing the valuation of real and personal estate in the city of New York, from 1826 to 1852, inclusive :— Value of Value of Amount) of Real Est Per'l Est, $64,804 060 72617 70 77,139 880 a 6 316 S18 191 146 776 510 1 762 52 2071 085 227/015 S86 2,924. 475 73 22,186,753 3/380,511 05 Porcnanion or Tie City ror gach Consecutive rive Yeans, From 1825 ro 1860, Ixcuvave. -812 852 166.185 1840, 371.252 12,894 402 589 1845, 270,089 1850. ied It will be perceived that the chief increase in the valuation has taken place since 1847-48. This period was the commencement of the present influ- tion, set agoing by the speculations in those years of famine in Europe. The spirit of speculation, paper expansion, and extension of the credit system, was further augmented by tho discovery of gold in Cali- fornia, and, above all, by the extension of the free banking system, and the greatly increased circula- tion of paper money—the worst financial evil that can efflict a people. It engenders a contempt for the moderate and slow gains of honost industry, stimu- Jates the too common and vain passion of becom- ing suddenly rich, (by running in debt with extravagant living,) which too frequently brings utter ruin and misery in place of wealth. High living and high wages may all look well enough until a reaction ensues. Such a state of things is hazardous to those depending on labor and wages alone for support. If they fall ill, or be- come physically disabled even for » few months, their enormous expenses of living must go on, and absorb very quickly such scanty means as they may have accumulated In referencs to the growth of the city population, it will be seen that greatest increase has been in the five years from 1845 to 1850, which havo also been the years of greatest expansion and foreign: immigration. The beaviest increase in population has been in the upper wards of the city. In 1845, the Sixteenth ward (en up-town ward) extended from the North to the East river, and in- cluded the present Eighteenth ward, and contained & population of 40,350 In 1850, the population of the two wards together was.as follows :— Eighteenth ward. Sixteenth “ . Total... sseeseee Both wards in 1845, Incrense in five years.....s esse eereeee eevee in the present year. Nearly every corner has now its bank. In 1836, the paper in circulation was in the ratio of $3 50 to $1 of specie. In 1813, the paper money was reduced to only $1 75 of papet to $1 of specie, On January 1, 1851, the paper money was Sgnin increased to about §3 of paper to@l of specie; and at the present time, (November, 1852,) the excess of paper over specie is probably about $5 50 or, $375 to $1 of spacie. The stocks pledged by free banks, on Ist January, 1851, amounted to $23,306,847. The progress of banking in the United States has been very curious. It was for some time believed that the constitution of the United States prohibited the States from | issuing bills of credit. In 1811, there were ouly eighty nine banks, with a capital of $52,600,000, a | circulation of $28,100,000, and specie to the amount | of $15,400,000. There was no great increase in banking until 1816, when they increased to two | hundred and forty-six A great increage in banks ocourred in 1884, when they amounted to five hun- dred and six. It was in this yoar, with the increase of banks and paper money, that the great inflation ia prices commenced, which enced with the explosion of 1836-37. On the 10th May, 1837, all the banks my be blown py on how little roxp and water! in New York muepende: ¢ payments, which was The increase in the whole city, by wards, may be seen from the following table:— Wars. 1815, 1850, Inc. Dec es 19765 7,620 i 2 6516 8b 3 10 360 Ha ‘ 23.250 © 2.280 % 5. 22,691 23529 6 6 5.360, 7 32607 keris 8 R413 GIB 9 40605 = 9788 16 23,816 2.323 i 43712 «10013 r 10 453 ig 15 3244 888 es 1 25206 = 4,108 1 ry ea : 16 bam7 = 12'687 ; [ik aie hast , 14 18463 18,403) em a ” Tota asa 61a GOR ALMA2 RL Notwithstanding the fluctuations which havo p+ vailed jn the country, amidst the great oP%u- sions and contractions of the paper curre<CY, the eocasional infliction of burthensome tax~ion in the form of high tariff#, (which even now should be re- duced to a unitorm standard of tw-ity per cent ad valorem or less.) the city of XW York has had a mort extraordinary growth This growth, as w ‘The facts we have grouped also prove that New York is » great national city, and that its growth, prosperity or adversity, has constantly varied with the national puleations Anornen Capita. Conviction—Crg In Naw Yous —In the Court of Oyer and Terminer yester- day there was avother capital conviction, the second within thia veck The jury, after seventeen. hours deliberation, brought in a verdict of guilty” against Nicholae Howiet, charged with the murder- of Charles Baxter, 2 watchman employed in pro- tecting vessels at one of the Bast river piors. The evidence was ‘purely circumstantial, but there Whe. in it such a consecutive link as to impress the evil. doer with the conviction that, however darkly and. eecretly he may eet abour bis designs, tue all seeing” eye watches in the most lovely haunts, and seoner- or later brings the perpetrator of crime to punish-- ment It appears that in this vase, the prisoner, a good lookir g Jad of about nineteen years of age, with two: associates, proceeded to the dock at the foot of Oliver street. One remained in a small boat, whilst How- let and the other, named Saul, went on board the: thip Thomas Watson, and on being surprised in am attempt to rob the versel shot the watchman, Bax~- tor, through the neck, then’ jumped on the dock, where they were seen by ttiree persons who happened to be there, and made their way into a boat where their companion was, and all three rowed up the river. By%ome inscrutable guidance, Howlet and one of his companions (Siul) took refuge on another’ versel, where they were discovered avout three: o’clock in the morning, barefooted, and a pistol, which had recently ‘been discharged, was found with Howlet. They were taken to the station house, though the crime that had been perpetrated was not then known by the offi~ cers who arrested them On the ship,. where the. watchman was killed, it #as subsoquently discov- ered that two pairs of boots had been left by the depredators, one of which was sworn to have be~ longed to the prisoner (Howlot.) The three wit- nesses who were on the dock at the time the pistol was discharged, deposed that they saw the flash of the powder, and they ouch identified the prisoner by appearance and by every article of dress he then wore. There was no witness called for the defence, the counsel for the prisoner depending solely on the want of idextification and the fatal consequences. that £o often arise from convictions on circumstan- cial evidence. The jury, however, afver seventeen, hours deliberation, ‘ound the accused guilty of murder, with a recommendation to mercy. The result of this trial was anxiously looked for by a large concourse of young min, of that class who, though gifted with physical energy and capa- bilities calculated to render them usefui members of society, follow no particular vooation--epend their day time in bowling saloons and throe-cent grog- shops, at night become desperate and fit for any work of evil, and then prow] about our city, ‘ mak- ing night hideous,” and committing plunder, vio- lence and death. We hope that those two recent convictions, as woll es the many other examples that were thado during the last twelve months, will have @ salutary effvcr upon those who, either by bad example, pazsive parental authority, or by an innate- inclination toro wdyisin, give way to the baser passion. of ournature, and that they willsee that, although no human eye may witnes: the perpetration of crime, a special Providence will poinc them out, and the law, not through vindictiveness or revenge, will claim its violator There is no man who witnessed the trial of Nicholas Howlet, who must not have felt pained that one ro young was sunk so deep in recklessness. ~ Exections in Kextucky —An election will take place to day in the Seventh (Louisville) Congressional District of Kentucky, fora member of the present Congress, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of the Hon- Humphrey Marsball, who was appointed Commissioner to China Culvin Sanders, of Shelby, is the demoorati® eandicate, nt COL William Preston, of Louisville, te nominates whigs jo very near! Dalanoed, and a sharp contest is expected. Holland Gila as a Medicine<In our last number, we sccompanied the publication of a circular on this mubere from our follow-citizen, Udolpho Wolfe, E. wit! rief commentary expressive of our own vie Since then w. with favorable Mr Wolf Schnapps is very extensively in H roving itself, as a stimul ct aeful, other, a distressing case: d by the pas~ ibed to ry the sinpularly eur honeous name o' denominating it in his adverti: Tineture of Juni “4 icle mits pure state, unadulterated by noxious drugs, and thence the contradis tinguist in of commerce, hy, own, fe manufactured whisky and refuse drugs. as is well ki from interior The name given it, however, may servo the purpose of designating hie article ‘as prepared exclusively tor medical purposene and thus commend it to physieiacs, for whose convouionos it Ie ° only by reputable druggists and apothecaries. As re: sem its medicinal and curative ¢ffects, we him to claim only that it isa pure and reliabl Bolland Gin, and ae soch, worthy of the confid of phy- ticiant in thore diseases for which they are to pre- seribe it, and have hitherto only boon restrain finding it impracticable to ohtain the article in s pure state. Nor should any prejudice against alcoholic medicine deprive the afflicted of the benefit of this erticl, which from time im- memorial bas hold its place amoug the remedial agencies of the Meteria Medion, if it be found worthy of confidence by continued experience. At all events, those who persist ix the employment and toleration of other alotolio medicines, as tinctures, bittcrs, &9.¢and especially those who prosor! gin under any circumstances, murt all unite in givin Preference to s pare artic.cover the manifold manifestations ot. Mr. Bo rife in the ‘elfe li in re n of the remedy upon eft iency of his Holland gin, rice, and plodges his own cha- lo will not dissppoint any Health, Oct 21, 1852, - hat the a:tiel York Medical Gazette and Wolfe's Schiedam Aromatic Schna Manufactured by the pr pristor exelustvely as Sohledame In Proc Holland, by & ou iar to i fact T favored ’and medicated, not by the. co rt be ‘pathy the choice, votantoal varitty of the atometie Teallan juniper berry, whose more vinous ox Feotlted with’ nd. hu ry concentrated g er transect an: Pint Bortion, with the Droprietor’s name and label. For sale by © principal drugeists, in and United States. DOLPHO WOLFE, Importer, No. vor street. Crystal Paince—Association for the Exhibl- tion of the industry of all nati way Propovals will be received at t > fect udens ei’ an iienaueel Seach ycoe tee rat catalog ust to devoted exclusively to the objects and raverzate Be bbe ox. bibition which this association is preparing to open next. A Sad Casem © With larynx tender ard sore, With eyo-lids rho A victim oat wit An j 7 om! And poke als of and husky cough. ough! cough! worr} o ie light of 0" When Tn auch a plight are the efficacy of MRS. trial The of Daniel Webster, from hice nau engraved tke rorealt published i ‘4 lery of illustrous Americans, may be scon iat BRA tional gallery 205 Broadway, csrner of Fulton trot, Twelve Gold and Si'ver Medals awarded: Other Daguorreetypat in th aie ot Also n large collection all the prinoipal citi a &o. Admi steamer Humboldt, a fall ase the best makersin Paris = Th by an experienced opti ‘an Ox} jor oF loi 7 An oxPerleRBO