The New York Herald Newspaper, October 2, 1852, Page 4

a NEW YORK HERALD. SAMES CORDON BRU ED PROPRIETOR AND RDITOR SYPTCE 5. W. CORNED OF FULTON AND HARBAU OTS eur DAV Fuk WEBI LD. “r ‘ cer py, oF $8 per annem; ‘wropean 1 per an ween, fo ony part ef \¢reat Hrttaén, and $5 te any part of Cocina eth te inelnde Ube postage, VOLUNTARY CORKESCINDENCE santasning tev rertané news, ed from any rter of tae world; ened, will be liberally paid for” Sun Fon eax Conner FORDUPTE ARK PARTIOULAKLY REQUESTED TO SEAT Abt AMSEMENTS THIS EVENING. BOWERY THEATRE, Bowory.—Kexners—Buronsns Dow oy Gum. BROADWAY THEATRE, Brvadway.—Orns.n9—Goop wor Nownine. NTBLO’S, Brosdway.—Your. Anxurea~—BAnemn OF Beviasr. RURTON’S THEATR aewone —Komen® Maca Chambers strest.—- Wnace WATIONAL THEATRE, Chatham street.—-Orn Conti- wevral— Tien? Rorpe—Maeic TavmPet—IRxLanD as it war as ITD, WALLACK’S LYCEUM-tw> Rivate—MernisrormeLas WHEW YORK TUBATRE. ~f'ue Toopums. MINERVA ROOMS —Tre Paronawa oy Mexico. SMERICAN MUSHUM.—Axustra PunronMancse uF yer Arrensoon avy Evenixe. ORRISTY'S OPERA DOVES, I Broadway. Brmorian SevarReasy wy Cunisty’s Ax 18. ‘WOOD'S MINSTRELS, Wood's Musical Wall, #44 Broaé- way. —Erurorian Minerk etsy. WOITG’S VARIETI£S, 17 and 19 Sowery.—Awveme xe rORMANces. Mails for Europe. TEBE REW YORK WEPKLY BPRALD. ‘The Collins rteamship Pacife, Captain Nye, will feave The Bu- Topean male will clote at half post ten o'clock this ‘ie port at moon, to-day, for Liverpool. morning. The New Yorn Weexiy Hrnacn will be Published st balf-past nine o'slook this morning. Bingle eopies, in wroppers, rixpence. By mail and telegraph we are enabled to furnish sows very interesting particnlars concerning the movements of two of the Presidential candidates, vis: Gen Scott and ex- Governor Troupe, the State Rights nominee. It will be seen that there is no falling off in either the number or style of Gen. Beott’s speeches—if anything, they appear rather to svpersede his previous efforts. He mounts the stump wherever he goes, to the great eatisfac- tion of everybody. The telegraphic sketches of bie bwangues at Frankfort and Louisville, will be read ‘with marked attention by all parties. Both the Webster and Soott whigs held meetings in Boston last evening. The former is reported to have beem very well attended, while at the latter there were oply about thirty persons present. Tho griends of Sceretary Webster are ropresonted to be forming clubs, holding small meetings, preparing for # large one next week, and otherwise getting up the entbusiaem to the highest pitch The despatch atates that the cause of Scott has been greatly in- jured by recent publications. There appears to be more trouble in the aboli- tion camp. The Liberty State Convention at Syra- ute finally broke upinarow. On the night pro- vious, the party are reported to have nominated « Wm. R. King for Governor, and Preston Mann for Lieutenant Governor.”” (Are not the sarnames of these gertlemen transposed?) on re-assembling yesterday, 59 mach confusion 8 Wailed, that, after eelecting a candidate for S Prison Inspector, the body was compelled to adjourn. What is the matter with Mr. Goodell’s friends, now! Is there to be still another split among the abolitionists ? According to announcement, the auniversary of the rescue of Jerry, the fugitive slave, was cele- brated with great pomp hy the ubolitionists at Sy- taeure yesterday. Speeches of the usual “highs law” order were made by Gerrit Smith, Lloyd Garr gon, Lucy Stone, Fred. Douglass, Raymond, Lucretia Mott, and otber white and black male and female no- tabilities By the way, Laorctia Mott quite aptly re- marked that the Christiana tragedy was an unfor- properly took her friend Gerrit to task for forgetting the boasted non-resis tant principle of the party, and urging bloody oppo sition to the recapture of slay Read the report, One or two of our cotempor: appear to have been most outrageously humbugged by the tele- graphic wirer, or through some other modium, yes. terday. The ntsined a long etring of California iteme, purporting to have been received over the when, in reality, 9 majority of them ean be tor the Sa: ro and r journals brought by the steamers to this city more thana fort- night ego. Our telegraphic agent informs us that neither the paragraphs in question, nor the sub- stance of them, came over the wires from New Or- leans, as pretended. Indeed the entire despatch beare the impress of having been manufactured from stale California papers, and such, no doubt, is the fact Capt. Foxwell, of the schooner Sussex, from Bavannah, is reported to have died at the Baltimore quarantine, yesterdey. From certain sections of the cotton growing Statos we have ascounts of the ravages committed upon the ercps by the caterpillar, the devastating efscts of beavy rains, and consequent floods, andthe doe truction occasioned to the cotton by rust. The epipions put forth in regard to the yield are very contlicting, being based principally upon the state of the crop in the immediate vicinity from which these foreshadowings emanate. As, for instance, from one portion of Louisiana we learn that ‘“‘re- cent facts have convinced the cotton growers of the South that it Will be imposible to realize anything like @ full crop the present season,” while from another section of the same State, it is announced that the cotton crop is abundant beyond all antici pation, and no fear is entertained of any material in- jure to the enormous yield. That more 1 be enstained, from the or damoge bas bees, and w before mentioned causor, the et t th t an average yield, we o pre can be ult will st nts, with, n th has been favor Dan Rice, the ¢ t for an aaenr dug eda vngnestionably have continned for saany days, had port Mr. Kipp, with a devotion worthy of a better fa withdrawa his namo from the list of candidal and turned over his votes to Dr. Wain wrig We bave great complaint t of the re reof the put oor ef with fhe conver one of th et in D i ’ ’ blieb the va report were pre vation. This would bave been eports would have been mor are at>piescat, hed not tho of e from If it w the put norka from appree! t ent tb o prevent tt ng © fall aecou mubt; but | 4 en nee EL i-mansered, and ungentiemanly conduct wo trust ‘will not be repeated In an opinion delivered yesterday in the Supreme Court, by Judge Roosevelt, his hooor decides that corporate bo-ies are linble to taxation on their ao d fund. “Gece no specia’ movement to notice in trade yesterday. The bigh prices asked by holders of paval stores and sugars checked sales. Messrs. Scott and Bell state that the stock of coffee in this market is not considered large, viz: 40,000 bags Rio, 20 000 mates Java, (50 lbs. to the mat,) 1,000 bags Laguayra, 5,000 do. Maracaibo, 1,000 do. St. Domingo, all other kinds, 4,000 begs. Toe ma:ket closed firm Tobacco has for some weeks been in good demand, with pretty free sales at full pricos. The stock im this market is found to consist of 13,178 bhés., of which 12,985 hhde. are Kentucky, and 187 do. Virginia. Sales of Kentucky were made at 5jo. a 8je. ver Ib. A full report of the proceedings of the New York Colonizstion Society, which met yesterday, will be found in another eoluspn. The speech of Mr. Ro- berte, brother to the Prosidont of Liberia, is quite interesting. Our columns are again 20 perfectly overrun with advertisements and rews matter that we have no room lef for more than a mere referonce to the heads of that which is the most intercating, viz :— Recent Tntelligenee from Cuba; var'ous letters re- | glnce 1847 the coneumption of tea has greatly in- , from thenee into Europe, im the eleventh century, creased In the United States there are now 20 000,. the art of paper making, block printing. pend: 000 lbs annually consumed, and the quantity ex- clocks, and the use of the mariner’scompe:s In ported from Chins by sea, to all pisces, cannot fall the thirteenth century, when the Tarters were en- sbort of 100,000 000 lbs England gives to China, eroaching on the eustern fiostiers of Burope, the for tea, silk, sugar, candy and camphor, $10,000,000 Pope sent out an embassy, by which some impor , worth of goods and $10 000,000 in cash. America tant information was obtained of China aod its peo- gives, besides goods, some $5,000,000 ia sprcie. ple, the Tartars having recently subjugated a part With this money the Chinese purcrase opium from of thatoountry. A few years afterwards, Louis the the East India Company, who are the principa) Ninth of France sent two ambaseadoreto Tartary, gxivers by all this trado, whence they derive who acquired some further knowledge; and ater ® profit, of $25,000 000 a year. The English this, commerce sent out private adventurers, anoog goverment derive @ revenue of $27,000,000 an- whom were distinguished the Poli family, of Venice, | tually from tea, but it comes out of the pocket? who penetrated into the country itself, and one o' | of the unfortunate people, who cousume more them was diplomatic agent of Pope Grogory the | than twice the quantity of tea coasumed by — Tenth for more than twenty years. He published | all other countries except Chins and Japan. an account of the country in manusoript. [1 | The chief sivantage derived by the United war treated as ® romance. A friar named | States from the China trade, is in the prefe- Oderie, a few years after, penetrated into south- | rence its sbips have secured for carrying, even Jege of entering the interior, and they introduced em China, and on bis return published an a> count which agreed with that of Marco Poli, but was treated with the same ineredality. Various travellers visited the country after this; bat it wasnot till the Portuguese, in the sixteenth on tury, establisbed a trade with China. At frat they were permitted to trade at Tamon and other cities, but in consequence of their bad behavior they wore ex- pelled. However. on account of their assisting the Chinere to clear the seas of some piratos, by bom pudiating all connection with th Cuban Movemont; communication relative to Virginia Chivalry; the Sa'anio Press; Impracticability of the Nicersgua the neighborhood of Canton was infested, they od- tuined the exclusive right to trade wish China for many yeora, and the possession of the island of Canal Project; New Jersey and Iowa Correspynd- | Maceo. The discovery of the empire of China. ence; Corsner's Investigation of the Forsyth street Murder; Curious Developements Court concerning a Charge o Forgery; Description of New Buildings io the Nineteenth ward; New Opera Houses in New York and Boston, &e. The Commissioner to Chinn—The Chinese Trade. As we have previonsly stated, the Hon. Ham- (which was regarded hitherto as a sort of n the Police | Utopian imaginary land,) and the early pro ceedings of the Portuguese, created a sen- sation in Europe. But it was sot until the next century that the Dutch hesamo their rivals. They sent an embassy, who failed from their «singular appearance, which frightened th» Caincso. They, however, took by force and fleets what they could not gain by fair means, but they phrey Marshall has been appointed Commissioner | were not +o succostfal eventually as the Russian to Chira, and will today proceed in the steamer Pacifico to Liverpool, whence, we uo. derstand, he will take the overland route to Canton or Shanghai. This mission to China is one of great moment to the financial, com- mercia) and natiovsl interests of the United Statea. However important it would have boen un- der o her circumstances, now that the acquisition of California and its gold has given our shipping und con meree the undisputed possession of the Pa- cific Ocean, the importance of the mission is en- hanced beyond calculation, and will every day be growing into greater magnitude. We fee! gratified that it is entrusted to a gentle- man of such distinguished ability and high stand- ing, and we have every confidence that he will dis- charge tke duties of the office with credit to him- self and with honor and advantage to the country, What his duties and powers are we have shown ina recent article. They are far higher and more exten- sive than thoee assigned to any other foreign miais- ter ofthe United States. Though the last Congress did well in responding to the recommendation of the Pre. sident’s messaze, to placo the Commissioner to China on the same footing, with regard to rank, out@t and remuneration, as our other foreign ministers, and thus in rome degree it recognized the vast impor- tance of his office; yet, considering the nature of the country, its great distance from the United States, and the poliey of making a respectable show before the polished barbarians of ‘‘the Cantral Flow ery Land,” the salary is by no means commensurate with the necestities of the case or the dignity of this great republic. The Chinese form their estimate of @ manor a minister justas heis able to makea fashionable appearance; and if our minister to Chi- na should not be able to cope in this respect with the better paid ministers of England and other countries, the inference drawn by ‘ the childrea of the sun” wil) be by no means favorable to the Uni- ted States. The Chinese are the most ancient na- tion in existence except the Jews; and so proud are they of their antiquity that they re, rians.” They will net feel naturally disposed to government is diametrically opposed to their own; and, therefore, it is very desirable that that feeling, increased by a shabby exterior on the part of our sion, ample resources ought to be placed in his bands. There is a great stake at issue. The popu- lation of China is the half of the human race. Our trade with China has received a tremendousim petus from the fleet of fast-sailing clipper ships built by cur merchant princes during the Jast two or our empire on the const of the Pacific. What isthe ture of this trade, for which all commercial na- s have competed, are competing, and will corm- ti a peculiar people, as most of our readers know, and their government ere very jealous of the intercourse of the inhabitants or agents of other countries with them. For centuries all intercourse was shut out. A knowledge of China cannot be traced farther back than the age of Alexander; yet some of its treasures found their way into Europe long before that time. The Macedonian Greeks carried their arms into India, and there they heard of China, under the ancient name of Thine or Sinm; but this was not the origin of the commerce with China. Prior to that period the Groeks had used silk, be- fore they knew whence the substance came. It was hot till after the commoncement of the Christian era that they had any distinct knowledge of the country from whenoe ailk oume, or the manner ia which it was produced. About the year A. D. 166, tho in- creasing domand for the article, with the ia- crease of luxury among the Romans, sug- gested the idea of a direct commercial intercourse with China. The embassy was repulsed, and the representative. In order to the success of his mis- | $6,000,000, at $300 per chest. andthe English ‘The first attempt of the Eaglis> to establish a trade with China was in 1596, whev Sir Robert Dudley was sent out by Queen Eliz beth. He never returned home, and his fate re mainsa mystery to this day. In the year 1605 Sir E. Michelbourne obtained a patent for tradinz to the Eastern seas, and not finding the Chinese dis poeed to trade, he seized their junks, which caused the English to be regarded as the enemies of Uuins for many years. In 1637 the British mervhanta seat out four ships anda pinnace to establish commer cia) intercourse. At first they were received poli'e ly, but ultimately treated with treachery, and fire’ upon from a fort. Tho English returned the fire. demolished the fort, dispersed the Chinese, and planted their flag, for the first time, on the soil of China. Still, however, they did not succeed in es tablisbing commercial intercourse. Several at- tempts were made after this, but they wore all uo successful until the English assisted the Chinese against the Tartars, for which they received the islands of Amoy and Quemoy; but the reduction o! the whole empire by the Tartars soon afterward: deprived them of this advantage, and is was no’ until near the end of the century that they were al lowed to partake of the commerce of China with other nations. The commercial intercourse of England was ca:- ried on, until 1834, through the medium o! the East India Company, which enjoyed a mo nopoly of it for two centuries. In 1839, five years after the trade was mado free, the opiaw quarrel commenced, when the Chinese required that all opium ships should be sent away. Th’ requisition being disregarded, a demand was then made that all the opium on board the ehips shuald be delivered to the government for the purpos« of being destroyed as a contraband article, which it was forbidden to import. It was farther requires that a bond should be given inthe Chinese and foreign languages, that the ships should thereafter never dure to bring opium, and it was declared d the civilized | that should any be brought, the ships should be nations of the world as upstarts and ‘outside barba- | forfeited avd the offenders suffer death. These do- mands were made under demonstrations of hostility, treat £0 young @ country as the United States | and Captain Elliot, then British superintendent of with much respect, eepecially as its form of | the trade at Canton, requized the surrender of ail the Evglish opium on the coast of China; and 20,283 chests of the pernicious drug were delivered £0 appropriate to them, should not be unnecessarily | to the commissioners appointed by the Chinese go- vernment, and publicly destroyed. Tho value was The Emperor would not permit it to be cast into the river, lest it should poison the fish. From 1800 up to 1839, laws of great severity were pasted against troding ir. opium, and in the February of the latter year a China man was executed in the sight of the Eag- lish factors, at Canton, for trading in opium. All three years, as well as from the cstabiishment of | failed to prevent smuggling ia an article which wae mining the people; and the English merchants, notwit ding the destruetion of the drug, and the bonds they gave never to import it again, pete for generations yet unborn? Fhe Chinese are | eecretly continued the traffic, involving 2 loss to the country of $45,000,000 annually, paid for some 70,000 cheets, or about 9,346.000 Ibs. of a deadly poizon. It is estimated that in 1819 thore wero 1661,041 emokers, each consuming between seventeen and eigiteen grains per day. But the Last India Company was to be protected at any sacrifice, in its trade. The English complained bitterly that their goods were confiscated, and Captain Elliot meantime connived at tho secret traffic. On the 7th of July, 1839, rome sailors wont to Hong Kong, and committed gross outreges, as- sarsinating an vnoffending inhabitant. Commis sioner Lin demanded the murderer. Captain El- liot eaid ho could not discover the offender, and even insinuated that the crime was committed by Amo- rican sailors. Onthe 4th of Beptember, the Bri- tish Superintendent, without any provious declara- tion of wer, blcckaded the entranee to the river, and attacked three Chinese junks. The iniquitous war, thus commenced, resulted in the defeat of the Chinese, who were compelled to pay an indemnity same exclusivenees prevailed thon that has marked | to the British merchants of $21,000,000 for their the empire in modern times, and they were compell- ed to receive the article by an indirect medium, | namely, by way of India and the Red Sea to Egypt, and thence to Rome. At a latter poriod the Ro- mans obtained it from Persia, and about A.D. 580, the Persiane had a monopoly of the whole silk trade, and no person from the wost was allowed to traverse their do: ions towards China; nor was n0® pormitted to proceed to the no enabled to con supply anta of lyre, in Phe > had d the article for the Roman market, | moe unable to procere a sufficlon | raw material e reign of Justinion, an event happened | fan u direct in yurse between | i bad tt Toct of obse z h had been obtained of the Celestial F Lhe government of Constanti- nople put a te stop to the importation of silk. The luxurious Romons were in despair at the prospect | of being comp 4 to weer cotton; but an iueident | | occurred which furniehed the moans of ultimately so- | curing an abundant supply of the raw material. Two | £ | Nestorian monks of Persia, who nad travelled to de themselves acquainted with the b silk worm, ae weil #3 th , who engaged thom w go besn t n | the eggs of the eilkworm, which they did, ‘ og themin hollow cone, aud briog them to Conet: ople, The egge were hatshed by the heat ofa dunghill, the worms were fed with the leaver of he mulberry tree, and from that silk Won manufactured in Burop After me, atl 08 of Huropean i w China, d ly or vr ae | centuries. Jo the ninth century, the Arabiang | | appear to heve extended their commroe by wea to | the southern consta of China, while their caravans ndireotly, are | ot of theirprosesdings, | sleo maintained a land intercourse through Persia | eded This chariiah, | ond Indie. The Arabinn merehance had tne privie | losses, to cede Hong Kong to the English go- vernment, and to throw open the ports of Canton, Amoy, Ningpoo, Shanghai, and Foo choo-foo to British merchants, to trade in opium, or whatevor otber article of commerce they pleased. The principal article received from China, in re- turn for opium, is tea, of which it is oalouluted that, from the commencement of the present cen- tury up to 1844, about 1,000,000,000 Ibs. have been sent The from British merchants, owing to their surpas- sing speed. They set out from the A lantic sea- Francizeo, thence take another to Chios, from Chi- na a cargo of tes or silks to Eogland, and from Eog- land te New York or Boston another cargo, thus sailing round the world and bearing the American flog and American commerce over every sea. Then grow it ourselver—if that time should ever arrive— itis important that we should get it direct from Ch'na, and on the most advantageous terms The mission, the: efore, of Mr. Marshall is allimportant. Friendly relations being cultivated with the Chi- I trade will spring up b: tween them and the western coast of the United States, of which there can be now only a faint idea. Cities and ports will be built on this side of the Pavitic, to supply the demand of five hundred millions of people on the op- posite shore, and the extent of the future commerce and weal’h of America, from her trade with the East, eye hath not geen nor ear heard, vor hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive. Mr Borrs ar THE Conresstenal —We notios in ap abolition conyemporary, famous for similar contributions of pereonal abuse, a letter from the Gen Jobn M Bots, in which such expressions as **no gentleman,” * scurrilicy and blaskguardism,” “‘erazy from beastly intoxicativo,” wud other simi- lar flowers of language, are conspicuou —lapguage for more congenial to the Five Points wad Cor- board, go round the Horo with @ cargo for San | again, as long aswe do import tea, and until we | laers Hook than to the splendid drawing rooms of the Astor House. Mr Bots, who claims a patent of gentility from Virginie, bas the simple candor to admit the truth of one charge, viz, that he transgressed the rules of good breeding, by intro” ducing the name of lady into a political speech, avd endeavored to amuse a public meoting with false and fictitious anecdotes of her private lifo, in connection with General Scott’s charaster as a gentleman. oer at which her friends, in his opinion, could take offence. What must we say to such unparalleled obtuse cess as this? It is intolerable that a man who sets up for a gentleman one degree above the level of Corlaers Hook, should be allowed to drag a lady into political canvass, and then screen himsel! from the contempt such conduct cannot but oreate, by the contemptible plea, in extenuation, that he did not villify or blackguard ber! A pretty pass things have come to in Virginia, if stump orators are at liberty to make free with the names of tho wives aud sisters of their political opponents, aod are held harmless if they only refrain from “reflecting upon the character, propriety, or diseretion” of the ladies in question. We did not think we sbould have required to toll the Hon. John M Botts that the very act o° introducing a lady’s name into a political speech at a public meeting, is #0 unworthy of a gentleman that, like the letter Mr Botts bas published in the ‘Tribune, it would be indignantly repudiated by ang of the rowdy orators of the lowest assemblies in this city. Woe have fastened on this Virginian gen- tleman the charge of ignoring the common pro prieties of life, and outraging the wholo female sox in the person of one lady. To exculpate hiweelf, he will need some better excuse than an assertion that he merely circulated kitchen gossip, and forebore to agrail cheracter. Nor has Mr. Botts been more fortunste in his at tempt to defend himself from the charge of tra- ducing General Scott. It is a mos: inexplicable cireums'ance, that while the whigs papers teem with cbarges of personality against the democratic can didates, the only realiy offensive anecdote of Gon- er] Beott’s life, (which we have over and over again denounced us faloc,) waa munufactared at the office of the whig abolition paper of this city, sent to a distant whig journal for ineertion, and subsequently re-copied in the Tribune, Albany Evening Journa!, &c., and crmmented upou by the editors of these papers. We have spent our strength in endeavors to defend General Ssott from the calumny of having behaved with gross rudeness to a Indy. We know that whatever John M Botts end his apologists may think fit to do, Genersi Scott is too well bred to insult a ‘'ady to ber face ; but sc utterly imbeoile have these whige become, that they insist vpon the genuineness of their forgery. Tho Tribune is dotormiaed, st a) hazards, to certify to the people of this Uaion that General Soott is lost to all sense of courtesy; and bis worthy coadjutor, John M Botts, is not behind- band in asseverating the calumny, Between the two, in spite of our strenuous efforts, we know that many whigs are beginning to alter their favorable opinion of General Soott, end to argue that a min who could be grossly wanting in got to a lady is bardly entitled to much respect himeelf Wo shall, however, continue to defend General Soott from this unwerrantable calumny, and trust that our efforts will sucoced in exposing the falsehood of those who, for some sinister purpose, are bent on libelling the private character of tho whig can- didate. We hnve not done with Mr. Botts. He is now de. livering epeeches in this latitude, and it is not impes- sible that we may troat our readers to a fow spicy selections, if thoy can possibly be put ia a fit dress for the columns of this journal. This will probably draw forth another Five Points letter from Mr. Botts, vho cannot bear to ece his speeches correctly ro- ported was a coward;” qualifies another with the epithet of His eacure is that he said nothing of The Great Australian Movement. The richness of the Australian gold mines seems to have attracted les attention in the United States tha might have been anticipated. Emigra- tion hence to Aus ralia has probably been chesked by the great length of the sea voyage which is per- formed by sailing vessels via the Cape of Good Hope. California can be reached in twenty-eight to thirty das, while Port Poillip or Sidaey re- quires sixty five ani seventy days by @ clipper, or about ninety doys by an ordinary sailer. Ibis trae that we are temewhat nedrer Australia than-we are to California via Cape Horn; vet emigrants, in this ago of steam, prefer traveling by steamships to any other mode—thus gaining time for their pursuits on shore Were a good line or two of stewmers organ: ized to run between Panama and Sidaoy, via the Bociety Islands, they would spsedily and largely augment the emigration from America, and also be the means of attracting an immense travel from England and o-her parts of Europe to the gold fielde of Australia, via tbe United States and the Isthmus Steamers, at the present moment, would, in all likelibood, pay remarkably well. While we learn that the number embarking ia | England for Australia have for some time averaged about 1,000 persons per week, we find in this conn” try the movement has been on a more limited seale. The emigration from Amorica is, however, onthe ineresse, and is destined t» become very large, should the accounts from Australia continue favorable. ‘The progress of emigration from the United States, 80 far, may be seen from the following table :— VERMELS AND EMIGRANTS BAILED FOR AUSTRALIA. When Cieured. Passeagers. 1862—Jure 8--Sbip Helena. Cave. from New York.. 155 J A, be . He callsone reporter a * beastly drank | ad Jo M « Pieroo | ard” because he made Mr. Botts say that “ Pleree | 14, sstiote in other parte of ihe world with whtoh | | | E into England. divect revenue | *gcandalously falve,” because it did not omit, or at aceruing to the Chinese government from Caaton } Jeast eoften down, those portions of his spa0ch whorein exceeds snnually $2,000,000 on imports alono; but | pe dragged a lady before the meoting ; avd will pro this bears no proportion to indirect gains arising | pably invent some new and equally tolling expletive | from trade : to expres his sense of the honor we ehall do him by | the intereo of America with China hag beon noticing his pot house orstory * epseches and | etly com! 1, It commenced in 1784, avd it | jettersot the Hon. Ca Ryuders have, | # gindually increased ever sinos, till it has ac i F | g y i a manifest advanta their gentleman! a quired an tmpoxtanco only ecoond to that of G i hing Wat wee beak as | quir wpoxtance only eccond to that of Grow | teristios, over anything that we have yet acon from | ) Veber, 1851, to 2— © Revenue. 2— Magnolia. Tucker, 6—Bark Madison, Ross, “ J0—Ship Epsmanonder, Condoy, * 10—Brig.Jvo scott (4r Amesbury“ “ 9-—Bark Kepier Bollard Boston. “ 96— © Brighton, Robiason. 18—S:camer West Wind, smith, * cae “ 18—ShipConeerdia. Yatch South Boston. 74 21—Bark Dolphin Crundy. New York..,.200 ship Lady Arbella, New York........ 80 No of vesvel4....sseeeeee 14—No of passengers....1,687 We thus seo that only about fourteon vessels have sailed from the United States for Aus- tralia, with only 1,687 passengers, exclusive of those by two Boston vessels, upto 2ist September. At that period, some threo or four others, in New York and Boston, were advertised for the same dostina- tion. Many of the passengers who have goue out in American vessels were from Canada. The London Times of August 9th, states that the clearances for the gold colouies of Australia, the pre- ceding week, exhibited an increase, and consisted of seven ships to Port Phillip, of 3,003 aggregate tonnage, besides an East Indiaman, of 1,202 tons, and four ships for Sydnoy, of 2,038 aggregate ton- nage. From thirty to forty first class ships, of 500 to 2 000 tons burthen, are entered to sail the preseng month, from British ports, chiefly from London and Liverpool. So great is the emigration onterprise, that a considerable number of clorks who had ex- cellent situatione in the Bank of England, the South Sea House, East India House, the Post Office, ens- tomsand excise banking house , merchants’ counting houses, solicitors’ offices, &c., have resigned, and are off for the diggings. We find, from official statements received in Eng. land from Australia, to the first of May last, that there had been exported from Sidney alone, 355, ounces of gold, which, at $17 per ounce, (it brings £A per ounce in London, equal to $19.) amount to $2,490,131; and since then, it is supposed the export hes doubled—showing on aggregate, probably, of about $5,000,000. The Melbourne, (Victoria or Port Phillip,) dig- gings had oply been opened and worked from Octo- ber, 1851, to Ist May, 1852,—a little oversix months— and bad in that time given the extraordinary yield of £00,000 ounces, valued at £3,000,000, or about $15,009,000, or about $1,500,000 of which reached the mint, or port of Adelaide, New South Wales. The sggregato production from the first discovery, in all the ports of the island, to the lst of Septem: ber, (at the same rstio of yield,) did not probably fall short of twenty-five or thirty-five millions of dollare, which greatly exceeds the production of California within tho same lapse of time subse- quent to gold discoveries in that country. The gold of California contains from five to soven per cent of alloy, chiefly silver; while a specimon of Australian gold, assayed at the United States mint, only yielded from one-third to three fourths of one per cent of alloy. (We speak from recollection ) Hence the difference in value. The London Chro- nicle, of Avguat 10th, estimates the rate of yield from Victoria alone, at about from twenty-five to thirty five millions of dollars, and states that, taking the extent of ceuntry pronounced wnriferous by geo- logists, only very small portions of it have been woiked. Under thees circumstances, when we take into cop- sideration the supplies likely to be derived from two great gold fields ofthe world—California and Australie—it becomes an important inquiry to as- certain, if practicable, the futuro yield and con- sumption of the precious metals. From most relixble data, it is eborvn that the sup- pliesfrom Mexico and South America have not in- creased within the last Gve years. ‘The amount of silver received into England in 1851, was about £5,009,000, and of gold, £11,000,- 000 or £12,000,000 France received about 200,- 000,000 francs for tho same year. Dr. Lyon Play- fair euppores that the present stock of precious metals in England will be probably augmented this year (1852) about £18 000,000—£11,000,000 of which, he supposes, may be derived directly and indirectly from California. This is probably over the mark. The valuo of the pound troy of gold, at difforent periods, may be seen from the following table,— Years. £. S OD, Years. £. 8. Dz 1d 0 0 1649. o Oo it 3 4 1605, 40 10 9 1 0 © 1626. 10 0 1 1% 13 4 1718. it 6 ia 2 Ww 8 1si7 4 6 1026, 7 0 01 ot) 6 Tho latter is the price at which fine gold still con- tinues, the standard being £3 172. 94, As large as the receipts of gold are into tho United States and Groat Bricain, the demand for | adventurers to pick up a living by ret £168,614. The Spanish lead tmported inte Bog land yields 166,760-ouvces, worth £41,675. Silver” and copper ores imported, yield not less than: £159,000. ‘The quantity of go!d consumed in the arts aud manufactures is every year increasing, somewhat: in a correrponding ratio with the supply and the inerease in wealth and population. We have no accurate data to judge of the quantity consumed in. the United states. McCulloch, following Jucobs, estimated the pro- sent annual consumption of the precious metals « follow: The U Frence.. Switzeriand The rest of Europ North Amerloa,, od Kingdom seeeeeeseeerees se -LO,050.000 —or, inround numbers, at about thirty millions »f dollars per annum. It is stated by Mr. Playfair, that the weekly cov sumption of fine gold in Sirmingham is about 1,00) ounces, and that the woekly consumption of go! » leaf is as follows :— Lordon..... . Dublin, Edinburgh. . Liverpool. Birmingham, ‘ Leds... Mancheste “ Gla-gow ” . 584 it is sa’d, not one-tenth part oan be re~ covered. For gilding metals, by the clectrotypo and the water gilding processes, not lessthan 10,000 ounces of gold are required annually. Oue establish- ment in the potteries employs £3,500 worth of gold: per annum, and nearly £2.000 is used by another. The consumption of gold in the potteries of Staf- fordebire, for gilding porcelain and making crimson and rose colors, varies from 7,000 to 10,000 ounces per annum. The consumption of gold and silver in. Pariz has been fairly estimated at 14,552,000 francs ayear. The wear vpon gold coin is abous four per cent per annum. Froo: the foregoing statements, it is believed that a supply of near £4,000,000 per year is necessary to maintain the metallic carrency at its present value, and that a supply of £3,000,00) a £9,000,000 per annum is necessary for the art; and manufactures, and for purposes of coinage; and when wo add to all this the continual draia by ex- portation, it is believed by Mr Playfair that the in- flux of California and Australian gold will produce but little change in the valve of the currency in Europe. In the United States, the gold and silver in cir” culation has not been avgmented to the extent anti- clpated, or its value to the pound of gold increased to the value imparted to many kinds of property. The latter result bas been somewhat produced by the extension of the credit system to an onormous amount, aided by the great paper expansion, under the authority of free benking Statelaws. Phe bills of free banks, based on stock securities, (themselves & mere evidence of debt,) form almost the exelusive ciroulating medium of the people, notwithstanding the enormous receipts of gold received from Oalifor- nia. The expansion of paper money is now proba- bly in excess of what it waa in 1836, and the result is now, as then, an enormous importation of foreign goods. The Tribune avd Jvurnalof Commercehave been giving tables to show the offects of the tariff of 1846, and its influence on trade and monufas- tures ; which, as far as excessive importations are concerned, have little or no weight, as they always cgrrespond with the inflation of our paper currency. The danger is that the time may arrive whem pay- ment for imported goods, as well as the psyment of interest on our securities held abroad, may be re. quired in gold or silver, when the people may have left for circulation, in its stead, tho dopreciated bills of the thousand and ono free ebin plaster banks, in- cluding many such #8 the 7'rtbune concern, ealled, forsooth, the ‘* Nassau Bank.” Why not call it the “(Tem Bank’? McElrath, Greeley’s partner, is president, and Monsieur Snow, of the same paper, is @ director, and we suppose other employ(s of the Tribunecome in as subordinate officials in varioug degrees. Great times abead. dicate that the government of Captain-General Canedo is terribly frightened at the accounts which have been published in the newepapers of this re- public, detailing the proceedings of the “‘ Lene Star Association,” and other fillibustero movements among the loose and floating population. The vio- lence of the Havana press and the stringency ef the colonial government, may onrry things a little too far for their own safety and future repose. We hava not the slightest doubt but the stories told in some of the journals in this country, both North and South, relative to the Lone Star Assooiation, and other Cuban movements, are gross exaggerations, based on a fow isolated fasts of a very questionable and ridiculous nature. Among certain lore politi- cians ll over the country, there is a epectes of vague declamation in favor of the annoxation of Cuba, and of getting up expeditions to that island; but all ench declarations have more purpose to operate upon the approuching Presidential election, than to get up any real or poritive attack upon the Spanish rights in Cuba. The Spanish government of Cuba, as well as the goverament in Europe, do not understand the nature of the fllibustero news paper press of this country. We have a prodigious quantity of exaggeration and humbug among the newspapers of this land The spirit of Barnum pre- vails among our journals as much a4 it ssmetimes does in teetotal campaigas, menagerie expeditions, and the business of catehing angela. In Spain, or other European countries, whore a censorship of the prees exists, notniog is allowed to be pub- lished but some driblets of facta in respect to their own or foreign governments. Acoording!y, much importance is frequently atrached to these meagre publications of particular fasts Bat foreiga read- ers and foreign governments make a gront mistake when they attribute such vast importance to the stories publiched in the foolish and buncombe joure nals of this country, particularly previous to a great. election, such a3 that which is now pending. In respect to the famous Lone Star Ascocintion, whick was represented bya pious Wall stroct organ ap containing twenty thousand persons, some of them of the highest o:der of yoepectability, we have rea- son to believe that the whole aflutr was a dodge of ng certifie cates of admission at so much a head—perhape two or three dol’ars. The » o thousand commercial intercourse exists, will causo a large ex- port of it, toeqnalize balances, ¢0 thatno very great | or undue proportion can long remain in tho exclu: sivo poseestion of any one civilized pation | From 1850 to June, 1851, the Baok of Rngland issued § to of | 1 000 sovereigns, being at th 18,000,000 per year; and yet, so great ix tho do- mard for n, to supply exchange, &o, that, rotwithstendi: toyal mint, sincs Noe | Ist August, 1852, has coined | persons into such an a two dole lars ahead, would co come of ten or twenty th the wherewithal to sport any necersity to labor f Theee fillrbustero oxy Cat eof ¥ ciation got opt pog it a busi much commotion # the primary elec’ sto create ap porsib’ Britain, and is destined soon to take the first rank | the Hon John M. Botts, of Virginia, Alas, for the 9.100000 evvevigne and ball oy en | subscription fords end the The export of tea from Canton in United States | Ya Dominion! | Se ica Sak f creigns, the La | purpose ostensibly of carrying on great veosels, in 1842-4, of green tea was 10,131,837 Ibs.; 3 : vane ; | duction cannot Keep pace with the demand. This | sinesation, when, in fact ond in tra ‘ of black tea, 4,125,627 Ibs, making in all, | Have Kexvvcny Fonsrs rar Rient to Vors 1 | will tend to maintain the standard of value. ) to pick up a living out of wt 14,257,264 Ths. In 1844-6, the export rose to | In one of his Joquent and burning speechos in Kon- | The following table gives the coinage of gold and | gnough to beliove in the roulity of ,/ m Ibs, ‘The average annual cousamption | tueky, General Scott says, emoug ovher compli rilver at the royal mint, for a eeries of year’ of China tea, in different countries, as nearly ag | Mente (o Old Kentuck—“ Groat in the broed of oal- |). | The Allgimeine Zeitwny vives an roronre of w ould be recerta ined, in 1847, was, in round num. | He, great in the growth of horses,” &2,&e. We | Jomes fF remaykabr« Ho which hae red in be - | wonder i © Kentucky cattle are all naturalized, Ai ft &e, Too Mven Tarre.—Wo should not bo ; 8 ™ cscpiattedhnens shag 0 | the attacks on General Pisroe, beewuse ho “a eat res ea tee f 4 = * : ' 6h 82 drippr 0 P the Uritish Pimple. 0,000 | abolich the Catholic exclusion elanve in the consti- | Germe ITT a | mainthegeoe tates of North Asperion 14,209 | tution of New Hampsbire, were to bring oat all the | Winhm AV 7 sal 4 “, 0000 | Whig Preshyteriens, sodievs, and 8 in his | Vievonin 38: sone ‘dy ae Health ava h 150.000 | faye in porsible too arry a mec arian ar 5 nb bg cede. ton ' Loun.000 | sas Pdi piss (i | he total outrage for thirty-two yonrs, onstin mb it eng Pf aah 1247, was, of gold, £90 029,983 ; of silvor, peat, ented «| Teumork, Bweeden and Norway...... ssc. cece 209 u 3 the ‘than ¢ Son 000 | Dean oF axorien CamnayMan —Wo hava to | 000; copper, £248 210 Seve, rmntets, ond HW wag 100,000 | room d the death of the Bev, Homo Hampbreye. = The clement of silver, as @ circulating medium, | * : station Stat 60000 | the New York confer -oce of the Methodiat tptrope inf y u rte r ‘ very important, and in its historical details would fupreme Coart. Scuth American Stats 500.000 | Chorch. on the morning of the 20th. at Monree Grange | fe very imp BaruRDAY Motion Cacanens -On sfondry Total consumption in foreign countzios... .20,250,000 This table does not include all countries, and county, This te the sixth member of the Now York oon- ference that bas died sinee the June rereion, The do consed was an Englishman, aud was well known 1m this city ond Brooklyn, require ® groater space than we have room to give to the subject. The annual product of the Beitish isks omounts to about 674,458 ouncea—equal to the clerk at Chambers wul ¢ marrnce rooely irene for the above calendar which will be © first time on Satmday, October J. Cumneury Coenradjourned \o Tuenday ext,