The New York Herald Newspaper, April 23, 1852, Page 2

THE JAPANESE EMPIR Prodactions of the Country—Trade and Commeree. AGRICULTURE— MANUPACTURNS — FISHERIES — MAK~ ING OF SALT—NATURAL PRODUCTS; OOTTON, SILK, COPPER, IRON, TIMBER, TEA, TOBACCO, HORSES, @ATTLE, HEMP, LEAD, TIN, BTC.; PEARLS, MARBLES, ¥RIRTS, VEGETABLES, PTC.—DOMESTIC ANIMALS— POULTRY—WILD ANIMALS—BIRDS—FISH, ETC. STATE OF THE FINE ARTS--FOREIGN TRADE- OUPTOM HOUSES-—-SMUGGLING REGULATION: OOINS—PATER CURRENCY--TRADE WITH THE CHI- XBSE AND DUTCH, [From Memoirs of a Captivity in Japan, by Captain ’ Golownin, of the Russian Navy.) ten Though the Japanese possessions extend through only a few degrees of latitude, the climate of the eountry is uncommonly diversified. The cause of this is to be attributed to the situation of the eountry. This diversity of the climate causes a great variety in the productions of the soil. The Principalities of Tzyngaru, Nambu, and the island of Matsmai, with other northern possessions, whore ‘the ground is covered with snow about five months tegether, produce many plants that belong to the frigid zone; and in the southern possessions of Japan, the fruits of the tropical climates are found to flourish. r As I had no opportunity to visit the principal islands belonging to Japan, I cannot speak of their productions as an eye-witness, but only repeat what I have heard from the Japanese, and describe what I could infer from their way of life, and what 1 saw of the articles imported into the island of Matsmai. I have already mentioned the causes why the readcr cannot expect from me any complete oot a tion of the Japanese empire ; still less" can I sakisty the curiosity of a naturalist, who might wish, per- haps, that I should deseribe every shell found in Japan. Besides the want of opportunities to ex- amine things myself, ) did not possess the requisite nowledge to obsevve with the eye of a naturalist. The reader will therefore not take it amiss if T make my short remarks on the productions of Jap not according to classes, or a systematic arral ment, for instance, according to the kingdoms of nature, but enumerate (lem in sucecssion, according to the greater or smaller advantage which the in- habitants derive from them. The chief and movi useful productions of Japan are the following :— Rice, fish, radishes, salt, cotton, silk, copper, iron, timber, tea, tobacco, horses, oxen, hemp, and a tree which they call kadzy, gold and silver, lead, quick- silver, and sulphur I doubt whether there is a book in which so many differc:! things are brought under oxe head, and treated in such order ; however, this does not deter me, and] consider this order as not natural. Rice is the chief production, the only thing the Japanese use for b them what rye is to u Fi i portant; for there are many px eat no tye bread; in Japan, onthe contrary body, from the monarch to the b rice. Besides, in all shoes, hate and for packing up and many other things of loss consec fal for domestic purposes, such as by; &e. The Japanese also extract from ri brandy or wine, and the weak liqnor ca Fish are in Japan what meat is in f much more, be we eat many kinds of also fish, whereas, in Japan, but few people cat meat, except the priests; and all, without ex tion, eat fish. Besides, they light their ho with fieh oil, which ade in great quar in the northern parts o an. Only the rich burn candies. The radish supplies the place and is used in soup in serves them also instev 1 their food. Whole fields are sown with radishes; thoy are 8e waed to radish soup, that a scarcity of this plant would be very distressing to them. Salt is not only indispensable for their daily us but serves also for the curing of fish; for their chie fisherios are on the coasts of the Kurile islands and Sagaleen, whence. many bundred ships annually bring them to port® of the kingdom of Japan. Two ments are used 10 preserve fish, salling and drying; but the large fish cannot be so dried as to remain long fit to oat in the warm climate. Silk and cotton, besides the uses to which they aro generally applied, supply also the place of our wool, hemp, flax, down, feathers, and furs; for whatever is worn in Japan is made of these two articles. They likewise make of cotton stuff tra- yelling cloaks, cases for arms, and other things, and tebacco pouches, which are varnished in such a bags they may be taken for leather. Copper and iron are as necessary in Japan as in Europe. Besides the ordinary uses to which we apply it, the J nese cover the roofs of their houses, which desire particularly to presorve with copper, an er the outward joints of the buildings w motgl, that the rain- water may Lot penetrate. Tobacco pipes are also made of it. A very large quantity of iron is used for naile; for the Japanese houses consist of boards nailed, within and without, with iron nails, to upright pillars which are joined by cross beams; every little box, too, however inconriderable, is fastened together with nails In go populous a country as Japan, when the fre- quent and violent earthquakes render it dangerous to erect buildings of stone, timber may be reekoned ad wi ad 3 it i lives @n put use- , brooms, i f our cabbaga, salted radish among the chief necessaries of the people. Tea and tobacco, it should seem, might be easily dispensed with; but custom and fashion often opeé- rate as strongly as nature; next to food, tea to the tobacco are, above everything, necess Japanese. He smokes his pipe contin sips tea with it. His little pipe is filled minutes, and after a few pufis laid down. during the night, the Japanese get up for a few minutes to smoke tobacco and drink a cup of tea, which serves to quench their thirst, instead of beer, | water, and kwass. The Japancee do not use the flesh of horned eattle for food, because they he aversion to it; but they keep some, as well as horses, to draw burdens. They manufacture of hemp the coarse cloth for | workmen’s dresses, and for the sails of their ship but they make their cables and ropes of the bark of | the tree ealled kadzy, without using tar or any other resinous matter. Hence their ropes are not | comparable, either for strength or durability, with those made of hemp; but they are good enough for their limited voyages, in which they are not expored to any great storm. Besides, the cheapness of the materials allows them to have new ropes 7 frequently. Of this bark they often make _ thread, lamp-wicks, a kind of cheap cloth, writing paper, and paper for Japanese pocket-handkerchiefs. Gold “and silver; a0 tar’ a8 they serve for mag- nificence and luxury, cannot, indeed, be reckoned among the necessaries of life; but if we consider the advantage and the means which they afford as money, for the procuring of nesessaries and the exchange of home productions, they must certainly be reckoned among the chief necessaries of an en- lightened nation, and on this account I mention | them here. Lead, tin, and quicksilver may also be reckoned | as chief necessaries, because they required in the refining of gold and silver, Iso in the | manufacture of a: which are used by every na- | dependence. Fer the latter | under the same h | in such great abundance in the idle part of the island of Niph at the Japanese, | notwithstanding the the country, do not want to import it they receive rice from China, but onl population of It is true E, | Kamechatka, seription ef the Japanese eee Islands, } and pati for some sp nd of which I shall speak ions in the Kurile There is no ki Hence, thore is, in all the Jay ese posses ple. They catch fish on the coast In great nets, in the seas with lines. The Japanese do not, like the Europeans, venture to kill whales in the open sea, but catch them in creeks, | and close to the coast, in very strong nets. The | dead sea animals which the waves have cast on shore serve them for food; nay, even people of the | highest clase think sach carrion a great delicacy, | the Japanese radish is, in the form and taste, very different from ours; it is thin, and extremely | Jong, even to two arsheens in le: gt » The taste of it is not very bitter, but sweetish, akmost like our | turnips. Whole fields are covered with it. A great | part of the crop is salted, the other part is buried | in the ground for winter, and boiled in soup. Not | even the radish leaves remain unused, they are | boiled in soup, er salted, and eaten as salad. The | fresh leaves also of this plant are warmed by the fire till they smoke, and thon put ina packet of | tobacco. This, say the Japanese, hinders the to- bacco from drying “up and gives it an agreeable smel! and taste ally did convince myself of the former, but did not perceive the latter, perhaps be- cause I am no great smok They manure the radish fields with night soil; this we ourselves saw at Matsmai. In some places they use the same manure for rice. Salt, as I have before observed, is a grand article ef consumption in Japan. The Japanese told us that ey ad rock salt, but only in small quanti- ties; and as it is, besides, brought from the interior of the kingdom, and not easy of conveyance, very litfle of it is used. In general, they use sea salt in almost all parts of the kingdom; the preparation of which is facilitated by the extraordinary saltness of the sea water near the tropics, and by the evapora- tion produced by the heat. The Japanese have, therefore, large pits on the coast, into which they let the sea water, when the tide is up; the evapora- tion leaves a thick sediment, from which they boil thoir salt. According to the description of the Japanese, their cotton must be of the sane kind as I have seen in the English colonies in the West Indies; that is, it grow mall trees, about the height of aman. They have, however, other kinds of cot- ton, but I not able sufficiently to understand their descriptions. The country must produce an immense quantity, as almost all the inhabitants are clothed in it. The wadding which they make of it serves them instead of furs. They also line their mattresses, and their morning gowns, which latter serve them asquilte. Of cotton they likewise make a kind of writing-paper. It is made also into wicks, of which an immense quantity must be used, as the Japanose always keep a light during the night. Rich people burn candles, as T have said before, and the poor, fish-oil. When foreign vessels enter their ports, or an officer of distinction arrives, the Japanese hang the whole town with cotton stuff. Ina word, there is perhaps no other country in which so great a quantity of cotton is used as in Japan; for this reason, great care is taken to ex- tend the cultivation of it. As an instance of the industry and activity of this original people, it may joned that they import from the Kurile islands, into the interior ef Japan, herrings spoiled by keeping, to serve as manure for the cotton pant ‘They first boil the herrings in large iron ottles; then put them in presses, and let all the iquid flow into the same kettles, from which they K il for their lamps. What remains of the spread upon mats, and laid in the sun to dry, till they corrupt, and are almost converted into ashes. They are then filled into sacks, and put on board the boats. The earth round each cotton plant is manured with them, which causes the crep to be extremely abundant. Japan is also yery rich in silk. We had the proofs before our eyes. Matsmai is reckoned to be one of the very poorest towns; yet we constantly saw people of all ranks, especially women, in. silk dresses. On festivals, even the common soldiers wore costly silk dresses. If we consider the great population of the Japanese empire, the quantity of silk must be very great, even if only rich people | us their tobacco, and mentioned its name. ing themselves in order to smoke their T Go not know how many species of this plant | there are in nature, nor how many of them tho Ja- | paneso have, but I saw various Kinds of p: ‘od | tobacco among them, from the most pleasant to the | bad tobacco very small, as the Chinese do. In the manufacture ‘of the ‘better sort, they use sagi to moisten it, and sell it in papers which weigh about a Russian pound. The Jay consider the tobacco from Sasma as the best, then, that from Nangasaky, Sinday, &e. The worst comes from the province of | Tryngaru; it is strong, of a black color, and has a | disgusting taste and smell. The tobacco from Sasma ia, indeed, alse strong, but it has an agreca- ble taste and smell, and is of a bright yellow color. | The tobacco from phn er is very weak, in taste and sme!l perhaps the best, and of a bright brown color. The tobaceo from Sinday is very good, and was always given us tosmoke. The Japanese manu- facture tobaceo so_well, that though was before no friend to smoking, and even when I was at Jamaiea, could but seldom perruade inyself to smoke @ Ha- | vana segar, yet I smoked the Japanese tobacco very frequently, and with great pleasure. Snuif is not used in Japan. But enough of this plant. I | could, indeed, for the pleasure of gentlemen who | like smoking, write some sheets more on the articlo | of tobacco; for there was nothing concerning which we had such frequent opportunities to converse with the Japanese. The literati, the interpreters, and guards, all smoked, and used, too, different kinds | of tobacco, according to their respective taste or ability. Out of politeness, they frequently aa ‘n this manner a conversation usually began upon tobacco, which often lasted for hours together. We often had no opportunity to speak of other more important things, and, besides, the Japanese did not all like to converse upon them. The Japanese horses are small and weak. any, resemble, in size, our farmers’ horses, but are muc! thinner, better shaped, and also more spirited, as the Japanese do not castrate thom, but always ride on stallions. The climate permits the horses as well as the horned cattle, always to eat grass; it is only on journeys, or after some hard labor, that a little barley is given them. But in Matsmai and Sagaleen, where a great deal of snow falls in the winter, the inhabitants are obliged to lay up eR vision of hay, Among all the Japanese horses that we saw, we did not observe a single white one, but mostly dark brown. We, therefore, asked the Ja- panese, if there were no white horses in their prin- cipal island, and were answered that they were very rarely met with. They have also large horses in Japan, but the number of thom is very small. The Japanese never shoe their horses, for they have no oceasion to drive over ice, and have no pavement. If they travel during the rainy season in mountain- ous places, where it is slippery, they use low pieces of wood, of the size and shape of an ox’s or horse's hoof. These pieces of wood are laid on the very thick skin of sea-lions, or other marine animal, and then iron nails are driven through the skin, with large rea heads, which serve instead of shoes, when the skin is bound under the horse’s feet. The horned cattle are small and poor; for the Japanese do not give themselves much trouble strat feeding them, as they use neither meat nor milk. Hemp grows in the northern provinces of Japan. Wesaw some in Matsmai. I have already mentioned for what purposes the Japanese employ it. The tree called kadzy grows in great abundance, and is of the most important use to the inhabitants. The Japanese explained to us what kind of a tree it is, but I never understood them sutliciently to de- seribe it. ‘ The Japanese possess, in several parts of the em- pire, considerable gold and silver mines. The go-. vernment, however, does not permit them all to be worked, that the value of these metals may not he depreciated. The Japanese use gold and silver for various purposes besides coin; their temples are ornamented with these metals; people of dis- tinetion wear sabres, with gold or silver hilts and seabbards; rich people have gold and silver pipes; many lackered articles, such as table utensils, boxes, screens, &c., are ornamented with gold and silver; there isa kind of gold and silver stuffs; nay, we were told, that in the principal cities, there are dressed themselves init. It was not, indeed, diffi- cult for the Japanese to cultivate this production to a great extent, as it requires only a good climate and industry; the former is favorable, and_ the latter is possessed by the Japanese in a very high degree. Copper is also produced in Japan in great abun- dance. The inhabitants cover with it the roofs of some of their houses, the fore part of their ships, and the joints in the houses. They manufacture of this metal their kitchen utensils, tobacco-pipes, fire-shovels, &e. Before we were lodged in the house, and still lived in the prison, our furniture corresponded with the place of our abode, but the hearth was covered with copper, and the fire-shovel was of the same metal; this shows that the Japanese do not set any great value upon it. The tea-kettles alone must cause an immense consumption of copper in this empire; for all the Japanese, as I have said above, drink, when they are thirsty, something warm, whether it be tea or water. In every house, therefore, the tea-kettle stands constantly on the fire, which must finally spoil it. The Ja copper utensils are, however, of very good work thip: we often wondered at the durability of the tea-kettles which we made use of, for they stood over the fire for months together, without burning through. It is well known that the Dutch, in their trade with Japan, derived their greatest advantage from the exportation of the Japanese copper, be- a it always contains a large portion of gold, which the Japanese wanted skill, or inclination, to extract from it. But they are now become wiser, and give the Dutch only pure copper. With respect to iron, the Japanese do not possess that metal in such abundance as copper, but they have sufficient to supply their absolute wants; and if the government exchanged with the Dutch, cop- per for iron, this was not of necessity, but because iron is for many purposes preferable to copper. As the Japanese have a surplus of the latter, both they and the Dutch proieed by this exchange. They often told us, that the trade with the Dutch did not produce thein the least advantage—only some medicines and political news, which the Dutch bring them from Europe, being of importance to them. If the Japanese had not iron sufficient for their absolute wants, they would certainly set more value on the trade with the Dutch. Timber.—The greater part of the Japanese pre- vinces are without wood. The extraordinary popu- lation of the kingdom renders it necessary to culti- vate every ah of ground, and therefore only the mountains, which cannot be cultivated, are covered with woods. The principality of Nambu, which lies on the northeast part of the island of Niphon, bein, very moupteipous, ig rich in timber, with which it supplies all Japah, in exchange for provisions, of which it does not produce sufficient for the support of its inhabitants. On the mountains of the islands of Matemai, Kunashier, Eetooroop, and Sagaleen, there are forests of all kinds of trees, which the Ja- panese also make use of. We saw there numbers of very fine beams ready to be exported. Notwith- standing this, the Japanese draw but little timber | rom these islands, because it is so difficult to con- | vey it from the interior to the coasts, and they have not felt the necessity of surmounting these ob- stacles. If this should’ happen. the Japanese will econ open a read to mountains which other nations would consider as inaccessible. I doubt: whether anything would he impossible for the zeal, activity, ‘ ce of this people. The Japanese wished to know the Russian name es of wood, and brought to us pieces branches of wood, asking how they were all caution, lest, in case of scarcity s government should make a ¢ y to permit the exportation of it, and exclu from the number of goods whi trade between the two kingdoms ¢ provinces of viz: the principali u and Tzyngaiu, are poor in rice, @ for the most part, from othe untric¢ cultivated in Matamai, Sachalia and Islands, because it will not grow, or t of the | cold climate. We saw, indecd, pieces nd sown with rice in Matemai, ina valley near Chakodade, but our guards told us that it was only done for a trial The Japanese boil out of rice a kind of thick and eat it at all their me instead of from the flour of rive they prepare cakes * kinds of pastry, which resemble ary. But rice is not th of the Japanese: they have al they sometimes feed the hor and other things from the flow ure in food in various ways whole ears, andeat the grain; m which are a favorite dish of the sometimes eat them me times in treacle or soy; # form the usual articles of "7 | northern of - | od receive it it_is not © Kurile | sometimes roast kinds of beans, 3 they beans are ¢ or & great dejica reparod of beans, say that three ye aring the best soy. Swe » cult a} my nt from as in Port in the Brazils, & tatoee are quite differe of the world ira, ip sive, Our largest potatoes, little longer, the the taste agreeah jem. in £0 cou and such a , BO corn, ¢ i general use, because only rice eau grow in #6 ner- row w space, in such abundance, ue to be sufticien | and asked where these trees grew | grow "| done the J. called in Russia. We made use of this opportunity, By this means “ 1 kinds of oaks, palms (of which the Japanese make very good combs), bam- boo, cypresses, ce ews, firs, and other kinds of tre the names of which are unknown to us, 0 these islands I have before mentioned that habit has rendered tea one of the first necessaries of life among the Japanese. Japan produces both green and black teu. The first is cons i as the best, and, i jact, isso. The Japanese even prefer it to the nese green teu: but, accord to our taste, it does not merit this preference. With respect to the black tea, it is very bad, and the Japanese drink it merely to quench their thirst, whereas they look upon ‘the green tea as a delicacy, and treat their company with it. The Japanese officers, and also the governor, often sent us green ten asa present; but then the interpreters and the guards assisted, With a good appetite, in emptying the tea-kettle. ‘og | aig nal] the southern viuces of Japan; the best gre 8 produced in the principal o Kioto, in ‘which Kio, the eity or redidencs of the J eror, is situated. in this provinee tea ated with great enre, both for his court and that of the temporal emperor we learned that sever ‘the Japancee re- ne, and stil] call it tabaco, or tabago. ng how the use of this worthless herb | spread, in so short a time, over the | as it is entirely without taste, without | jl, without the health, and a mere amusement for i I le! Our inter- preter, Tezke, one of the most sensible of our ypancse wequaintance, was him great sok but often vaid that the Christian priests had neee 80 much injury fy, the introdu tion of their faith, which only produced among them interna] commotions and civil ware, ae by the should heve whole earth any agree for vo great & nation | counot exactly state what kinds of fieh are caught in the southern and middle paris of the ‘ of Jopon, ond in the rivers ef that kingdouw but ou the coxste of Matemai, Kunasenier, roop, aud Sagalcen, almost all kinds of Goglt am great quantites, which they have in | ‘ introduction of tobaeco; for the former was on transitory, long forgotten evil, but che latter di- | verted, and probabiy would do for centuries to | come. large tracts of land and a number of hands | ‘rem the production of useful and necessary artieiée, numerous public buildings with gilded roofs. In the houses of the prinees and great people, there are many ornaments of these metals, and the ladies fre- quently wear gold and silver trinkets. Japan has sufficient lead, tin, quicksilver, and sulphur for the supply of its wants. They cast not ae musket bullets, but even cannon balls of tin, because they have had no wars for these’ two hundred years; if it was with them asin Haro, this luxury would soon cease. As for sulphuf, more necei plants, probably hinders the Ja- pancee from cultivating? ais cane, which is merely un article Spe’ ‘The Japanese salt the currants and bird eherries, and eat them instead of salad. Of the herbs poor aoe make soup, and also eat them salted. ickled mushrooms are considered as a t Celieney; they are boiled in soups, salted, or laid in vinegar. With respect to the sea-cabbage, this plant, | whieh is disregarded almost every where .else, only gives food to millions of people in rie but | it is also an article of commerce. The Japanese | dry it, and then use it in soup, or, wrapping it | round fish, boil and eat both together. Often the broil it over the fire, strew salt on it, and eat % } without any furthor dressing. This eabbage serves | chiefly peor People for their support; but the rich frequently eat them dressed in a different manner, and even the Emperor’s kitchen is furnished with it. The domestic animals of the Japancse, besides horses and oxen, which I have ‘mentioned before, are swine, dogs, and cats. The first are used 2s 4 food by those sects that are permitted to eat meat, | The dogs are employed in the elrase and to guard the houses, and the oats perform the same services as in urate though a writer upon Japan says that the presen cats do not catch mice. This is, however, 3 were it not, nature must deviate, | apan, from her own laws. has convinced us of the contrary. cat that we had, understood his business perfvetly, and was not inferior to any of his Wuropean brethren. I must observe, besides, that he often amused us in prison by his tricks, and was our fa- yorite, and, therefere, was never in want of food; yet instinct made him catch the rats and mice. European writers have so often denied to Japanese animals the qualities with which nature has on- dowed them, can we wonder that they painted the Japanese in such false colors? . Yhickens and ducks are the only domestie fowl that the Japanese use (though but seldom) as food. Though it is permitted in some sects, yet, from attachment to these animals, they do not like to kill them. Hfone of us was ill, and the Japanese wished to make him some chicken broth, as they had heard that it was usually given to the sick in Eu- rope, they had great diffieulty in finding anybody who would sell them a fowl, though they offered a ate price for one. he Ji ese -are fond of eggs: they boil them it them at the dessert like fruit, fre- quently with oranges. For us, they boiled them in soup, with vegetables. For people of distinction, fowls are kept in rooms, where they lay their eggs, and are fed with rice. The great people woukd not eat the eggs of fowls that run about at their will, and pick up what they can find. Many keep also swans, geese, and turkeys, but merely for pleasure, ag we do peacocks, which they also have. Of wild quadrupeds, the Japanese uso for some urposes the following :—wild boars, bears, deer, aed and wild goats. Those sects which are al- lowed to eat meat, use them for food; and in the northern parts of Japan, where the winters are very cold, the poor people use bear skins as quilts. The rich have travelling bags or cases made of these skins to put over things which they desire to protect against bad weather, such as trunks with clothes, bottle-cases, and the like. The gall of the bear is made by them into a solid mass, and used as a strengthening medicine for weakness in the stomach, and other disorders. It is highly valued by the Japanese for its medicinal virtue, and oot: for ata high price. They affirm that the gall of those bears which are killed in the island of Niphon is far more efficacious than that of the bears of Matsmai, which latter are therefore less esteemed. The hunters often prestine great frauds in the sale of the bear’s gall. When they are on the chace they kill all the animals that come in their way, and take out the gall. Ifthey have the good fortune to kill a bear, they etrry him home as publicly as possible, in order to attract at- tention, and as the Japanese miss no opportunity of purchasing the valuable medicine, all who meet the hunters ask if they have already sold the bear’s gall? The huntsnian then gives them the gall of some other animal, and if the purchaser is not a judge, he is defrauded. In this manner they will sell the gall ofa bear many times over. Many of the Japanesc, however, are able to distinguish by the taste, not only the gall of any animal from that of a bear, but even the gall of the bear of Niphon from that of those of Matsmai. Our interpreter, Kumaddschero, was such a judge. Tho method of using this remedy is very simple; they bite off little pieces and swallow them. Of deer skins the Japenese manufacture a kind of thick and fine chamois leather. Of useful insects the Japanese have silk-worms Besides, experience A Japanese he- not | and wind snakes round their arms, logs, and their | tually want. Necessity, the industry and activity | of the people give them means to make use of tho the de- pects their labor, but now they were con- ; want of land, which serves for the cultivation of | Japanese, I must observe that there are among | tinually r i of sea animal, exeept | pi those which are poisonous, that the J. 86 do not make use of; whales, sea-lions, all kinds of seals, Pigs sen-bears, furnish them with palatable fom sions, no coast where there are not fisheries, which | most disgusting. They cut both the good and the | employ a number of them, as among all nations, idle people, who 1am- Nei get me fare a Cd etieeosts and = cir Hiving by juggler’s tricks a gging. following etliod y which idle mater consi women, gain money, deserves particular mention. They cateh a number of snakes, of different sizos and colors, from which they extract tho sting so ekilfully that they cannot do any mischief. ‘thea they strip themselves quite naked, cover merely the parts which decency teaches even savages io conceal, whole body. Jn this mannerthey make themselves a motley covering of the open, hissing serpents’ heads; and in this dreadful and brilliant costume, they ramble about the streets, sing, dance, an play all manner of antics, to obtain a reward, or rather charity. Japon may certainly be ealled a commercial state, if an extensive national trade alone gives a” claim to this title. All the principalities and pro- vinees of this populous cmpire have a commercial intercourse with each other. The extraordinary diversity of climate produces, in the different pro- vinees, & great variety of articles which all mu- productions of nature and art; so that the inhabit- ants of the whole empire carry on a commercial in- tercourse with each other, both by land and water. The latter is the most common. The sea along the coasts, and the navigable rivers, are covered with thousands of voesels, which convey goods to all parts of the empire. Though their navigation is wholly confined to the coasts, and their vessels quite unfit for long voyages, particularly in great soas, they, however, are well adapted to their purposes. Many of them are above 100 feet long, and uncommonly broad. The largest Japanese ships can carry a burthen of from 16,000 to 20,000 poods, ; ‘The Japanese have many useful regulations and institutions for the safety of navigation; such as pilots inevery port, to conduct the ships in and out, and to foretel the weather, according to certain signs, in order to advise the captains either to sail, cr to wait. In dan; Ce ey people are em- ployed to keep up fires. Upon eminences, marks are set up for the dircction of mariners, &e. For the conveyance of goods, by land, where it cannot be made by water, good ronds and bridges age constructed. Matsmai is merely a Japancse colony; yet, notwithstanding the high mountains and pre- cipices, the rapid torrents, and the rudeness of the climate, the roads arein an admirably good condition. In the open conn far from the towns, we saw bridges, such as I did not meet with in many Eu- ropean states, and in provincial towns. -The commercial spirit of the Japanese is visiblo in all the towns and villages. In almost every house there isa shop for more or less important goods; and, as we sec in pie the magnificent magazine of a jeweller next door to an oyster shop, so we see heré a rich silk merchant and a mender of straw shoes live and carry on their business close to each other. In their regard to order, the Japanese very much resemble the English; they love cleanli- ness and the greatest accuracy. All goods have, in Japan, as in England, little printed bills, on which are noted the price, the use, and the name of the article, the name of the maker, or manufactory, and often something in their praise. Even tobacco, po- matum, tooth-powder, and other trifles, are wrapped up in papers, on which notice of the quality and the peice is printed. In packing up goods, they observe he same order as in Europo. Rice and other grain they pack in sacks made of straw. They have no casks for liquids, but keep them, as sotschio, sagi, soja, &c., in tubs which hold three or four pailfulls. These tubs have only wooden hoops, and are broader above than below; in tho top board there is a small hole, generally square. The best kind of engi is kept in large earthern jars. Stuffs of ‘all the usua! ceremonies and questions, the goods landed. Then the iuy lemaers (for the rel pee trade is » monopoly of the Emperos’s) examine t! quality and quantity of the goods, cousult together, tnd fix the price on those goods which the owners of the ship desiro to have in return. The latter must either accede to the terms of the Japanese, or take back the goods; for all bargaining is impossible. In this manner, the Emperor buys foreign goods, by the medium of his commissioners, aud sells them wholesale to the Japanese merchan's, who will etl them by retail. To judge by the high eae VBich are paid in tag for Dutch goods, it ust be su posed either that the Dutch aro paid exorbitantly dear for them, or that the Emperor and his mer- chants fix high prices on them; probably both are gainers, Curlous Circumstances attending the Brode- rick and Smith Ducl—The State of Society in California. , _ [From the National Democrat. April 21.] sd The cireumstanees connected with the duel Soughy between David C. Broderick, Esq., and Judge Smith, at San Francisco, was attended with circumstances that ‘render it almost as marvellous as some of the ancient legendary tales; and in some of its preliminary features is singularly illustrative of California society. ‘ , Itappears that Judge Smith had publicly stated in acard, thot Mr. Broderick was a scoundrel, a Hace rat # villain, a liar, and used several other: opprobrious epithets respecting him, which were so rossly ungentlemanly that, according to the code duello, Mr. Brodevick could not challenge Smith. The only alternative left to Mr. Broderick, which comported with his sense of dignity, was to shoot Smith wherever he met him, and to notify him that such was his intention, so that he might be armed and fully prepared for a terrible street en- counter. Smith was accordingly informed by Brode- rick of his intention, and requested to arm ‘himself. Both parties were accordingly awaiting the first op- Foray, to become the murderers of each other. his condition of things became known to the friends of each of the combatants, and the result was that they also armed to protect the respective champions. he consequence was, that groups of armed men were patrolling the streets for da 8, and ecasionally a street fight would come off. The au- horities became alarmed; the famous Vigilance Committee were summoned for consultation, and action, if neccssa The whole public were highly xeited, and an investigation into the merits of the dificulty was had by the friends oa both sides, in which the public generally participated to a great « xtent. e result of the v arrived at from this mode of investigation, was, that no justifiable cause seemed to exist for the ungontlemanly and villainous card published by Smith, and he wasurgod to withdraw the opprobious epithets, so far as to lace Mr. Broderick in a position to challenge him, leaving the merits of their quarrel untouched, and thus sive them an opportunity to settle their own difficulties at twelve paces, and disturb the public peace no longer. Smith yielded, withdrew the most objectionable epithets, brought the ease within the rules of the ‘code of honor,” and soon received . The weapons were six-barrel revolvers—distunce twelve paces; one or two hun- dred persons were on the ground. Broderick dis- covered that his watch was about his person, and uel a that he could not wear it honorably, pulled it from his pocket and handed it to hissecond, who remarked that gentlemen fighting a duel were ermitted to retain on their persons their watches. He accordingly returned it to his pocket. _Beveral shots were fired, and finally Smith’s ball struck Broderick’s watch case, scattered some valuable trinkets Fonane to him by the Hon. Daniel B. Sickles, of this city, and left his porson uninjured. The circumstances, taken in connection, render the affair almost miraculous. The decision of Bro- derick’s second, in favor of his returning his watch, kinds, tea, &c., are packed up in chests. Silk goods are laid in pieces, in separate chests, which are made of very thin boards, and have an inscription, indicating the article, the name of the maker, the measure and the quali In every port there is a bureau, or custom house, which has the superintendence of the loading and unloading of goods, takes caro that nothing 1s pri- vately imported or exported, levies the duty, and has also other functions. The duty for almost all goods imported is paid by the merchants into tho coffer of the Emperor, or of the Princes, according as the port is in the dominions of the Emperor or of one of the Princes. The superintendence of the ships in the port is confided to an officer, whose functions nearly correspond with those of our harbor masters. In Japan, they are also superintendents of the pilots. Before we were rele from Japan, we lived at Chakodade, in the house of a harbor master, and saw that a great many seamen and other and bees. The honey which the latter produce is they have an island which is entirely covered with it, and which, on account of the hot springs, is covered with a constant vapor. This island is one of the seven wonders of the Japanese empire, all of which they named to us. Having thus spoken of those productions of Ja- pan which supply the chief wants of this entight- ened people, I proceed to those which administer rather to fashion or luxury, or are, at least, less necessary. They are the following :— Diamonds and pearls, marble and other kinds of stone, the camphor tree, the varnish tree, fruit trees, garden fsey various wild plants, domestic and wild animals, which are used by the Japanese. Japan produces precious stones, but of what kinds we were not able to learn. The officers who had seen the snuff-box, and other things, which the Japanese Kodai had received from the late Empress Catharine I], and had brought with him to Japan, said that there were such stones in Japan, as those things were ornamented with, but that the Japanese artists did not understand how to give them so beautiful a polish. Japan is rich in pearls, but we did not see any remarkably large. There are various kinds of marble in Japan. They showed us various articles made of white marble, with small blue veins, and of another kind of marble, like that with which Isaac’s church, at St. Petersburg, is built. They also showed us seals made of cornelian, agate, jnsper, and other stones with which I'am unacquainted. On the coasts of the principalities of Nambu and Tzyngaru, there are found stones of different colors, and of the size ofa nut, which are so washed by the waves that they seem almost transparent, like crystal. The Japanese gave me twelve red and twelve white stones of this kind, to use at drafts, but the sailor, whom I ordered to take them with him, lost them: Many Japanese carry perfumes about them, among which is camphor. They told us that in the southern part of Japan, the tree which pro- duces it grows in such abundance, that notwith- standing the great consumption of it in the coun- try, large quantities are exported by the Dutch and Chinese. There is also an imitation of camphor, in Japan, but everybody can distinguish it from the genuine. The Japanese varnish is celebrated even in Eu- rope. The tree which produees this juice grows in such abundance that the Japanese lacker all their table utensils, boxes, saddles, bows, arrows, spears, sheaths, cartouch-boxes, tobacco-boxes; in their houses, the walls and screens, and, in short, every trifle that they wish to ornament. We had the pleasure to see @ masterpiece in varnishing. It was a bottle ease belonging to the governor, who sent it for us to look at. The polish on it was so beautiful, that we could see our faces in it es in a mirror. The natural color pf this juice is white, but it as- sumes any color by being mixed with it. The best varnish in Japan is usually black or red, and al- most everything is so varnished; but we saw, also, green, yellow, blue, and other varnish. In varnish- ing they also imitate marble. The juice, when fresh, is poisonous, and very injurious to those who collect it, for which reason they employ various precautions; but after it has stood for some time in the ie air, it loses ite poisonous quality. The yarnished utensils may be used without danger. ‘The Japanese are so clever in varnishing, that you ay pour hot water into a vessel, ‘sot drink it, Without perceiving the slightest smell of the paint. This, however, is true only with respect to vessels of the best workinanship; in others you smell the paint, even if warm water is poured into them. The Japanese have no want of fruit trees, They have oranges, lemons, peaches, apricots, plums, fige, eherries, pears, apples, ehesnuts, &e. It is strange, that with a climate like that of Japan, no grapes should flourish there. The Japanese have ouly small wild grapes, which are very sour, and are sulted and eaten as salad. The reason, perhaps, ig that they Ueid in the woods, under the shade of the trees, and that the Japanese do not understand the culture of the vine. Next to rice and fish, vegetables are the fa- | vorite food of the Japanese. They have melons, | water melons, gourds, cucumbers, turnips, carrots, | mustard, &c. We could not learn whether they had any cabbages. We frequently explained to them what kind of a plant it was, and even made them a drawing of one, but they always said, that they had nothing like it growing ia Japan. Ex- cept melons and water melons, the Japanese eat no vegetables raw, and were much surprised when they sow us eat raw cucumbers, with salt and vinegar. They mix their mustard with vinegar, and eat it with fish. They Lave also large quantities of red or cayenne | peprer, and poppies. ‘They eat the pepper raw, With various dishes, or boil it in sugar, and use it oem preserve, They mix the peppy with sugar or treacle, and ent it with a paste made of pounded rice. They use poppy oil to fry fish in, and in the dreesing of various dievhes. Among the Vegetable productions ured by the | Japaneee for food, are sugar-eane, black and red currants, bird cherry s Padus, Linn.), va- | rious kerbs, fong' ea-cabbage, and the berries of wild roves, or hips, which grow in abundance in the northern provinces of Japan. The Japancse | “ the latter as @ medicine ogainst wind, and eat hk ew Which are nay dear, but might otherwise be Besider, the workmen could not then se i time and labor. employed only in medicine, and the wax ‘used only by apothecaries, for plasters. In the third and last division of the productions of Japan, I reckon those from which the inhabitants derive little or no adyant Among them I may mention coals, which are in abundance in Japan, but not used. Raspberries, wild and Tata’ strawberries, which we esteem so highly in Europe, are not eaten by the Japanese. They consider them as unwhole- some. These fruits, however, are really not at all yleasant in Japan; they are, indeed, as large as ours, and of a dark red color, but they are not sweet, are very watery, and almost without smell. if cm the Japanese eat no berries that grow on erbs The following wild quadrupeds are found in Ja- pan :—Bears, panthers, leopards, wolves, wild dogs and foxes. Many superstitious Japanese ascribe to the last the power of the devil. In the southern and middle provinces of the empire there are mon- keys of a small race; in the island of Matsmai, sables, but their fur is reddish, and, therefore, docs not bear a high price. Elephants, tigers, lions, camels, apes, grayhounds, pointers, setting-dogs, and other species of dogs, are known to the Japanese only from drawings. There are numerous kinds of birds of Rey in CO such as eagles, falcons, hawks, kites, &c. Of wild fowl, the seets that may eat meat use geese and ducks for food. Swans and cranes are hoid sacred, and nobody dares to killthem. Of singing birds, such as we algo have, we saw in cages, starlings, bullfinches, and greenfinches; but no others. e Japanese are foni ees ery their houses, and there are shops that deal in them. More common birds, such as cuckoos, ravens, crows, sparrows, &c., are as numerous in the north of Japan and Matsmai as with us. Parrots and canary birds aro not met with in Japan. On the coasts there is abundance of sea-fowl, such as albatrosses, cormorants, various species of gulls, Greenland pigeons, &c. Thie is all that Iam able to say of the natural productions of Ji ape ine speaking 9 tho manufactares of this empire, » Steel, lain, and lackere 101 Toust have the first fie ie = The silk manufactories are important, not only on account of the vengn$ but also the good quality of the articles which they furnish. The Japanese make several kinds ef stuffs and costly articles, which are not at all inferior to those of China. With respect to steel manufactures, the Japanese tabres and daggers surpase all others in the world, those of Damascus, perhaps, excepted. They bear extraordinary trials. The Japanese are extremely skilful in polishing steel, and all other metals. They make metal mirrors, which are scarcely in- ferior to looking.glasses. We often saw carpenters’ and cabinetmakers’ tools, made in Japan, which might almost be compared with the English. Their saws are so Foo , that the thinnest boards may be sawn out of the hardest wood. at the Japanese lackered goods surpass those of other nations is notorious. The wil ee porcelain is far superior to the Chinese; but it is dearer, and manufactured in such stall quantities, that it is insufficient for the con- sumption of Japan itself, so that a great deal of neces is imported from Chin he Japanese ave also 2 more ordinary porcelain and earthen- ware, but they are both coarse and clumsy. It is only on the best porcelain that they employ much The cotton manufactories must be extremely numerous, from the universal use of cotton stufls; but the Japancse want cither skill or inclination to imanufacture good articles out of cotton, At loast, We never saw anything particular of this kind. When say saw our Bast India pockot handker- chiefs, and muslin neckeloths, {hoy would not be- lieve that they were made of eniton, In the working of metal: che Japanese are ex- tremely skilful, particularly in the mauufacture of eopyer utensils, ho Japanese understand the art of casting metal tlatues; they also carve thein in stone nd wood; but, to judge by the idols which we saw in the temples at Motsmai, these arts ace very imperfect ainong them. In these, as well as in painting, engraving, and printing, they are fur behind even those Europeans among whom these arts are still in their infancy. In carving, they are tolerably skilled; and their gold, silver, and eopper coins are well executed. ‘They follow various trados with success. They have great distilleries, in which they distil, from rice, their brandy, called sotsehio, and their wine, agi; also tobacco manufactories, iron works, &c. Thourands are employed in the manu- facture of straw shoes, hats, and mats. ‘The manu- factories ave spread over the whole kingdom, but | the principal ure in the cities of Kio, Yeddo, and Osaga. The Japanese mrsue, with equal diligence, va- rious other. of employment, particularly the fishery. They catch nnimils of various kinda in traps, but they shoot still more; they use dogs merely to trace them. They take birds in nets, as well as by shooting them. “A particular method is employed to eateh small birds; they make of tar, or the sap of a tree,a thick and clammy paste, with which they smear the trunks of fallen trees, and w rice around, ‘The rice tempts the birds, y Which ‘ihe sugar eane is rare in Japan, and the sugar Which it yields ie black, aud nut very eweet; te Btic Before I persons came to him every morning, whence we could conclude that his post was not inconsiderable. _For the advantage of the merchants, and to fa- cilitate trade, the government publishes a kind of commercial gazette, which contains an account of the prices of goods in the different parts of the em- ire. Inthe same manner, the public is informed y little billets, of the good crop of rice, and other roductions, in all the provinees; nay, from the ime that the corn begins to shoot, till the harvest. the Fe ple are informed, from time to time, o: condition. This attention of the Japanese govern- ment to the general and individual interests of its subjects, is highly laudable, and may serve as one reason for us Europeans no longer to look upen the Japanese as barbarians. norder te extend trade over the whole empiro, and give the merchants more resources and facili- ties, the Japancse have introduced bills St exeenice and promissory notes, such as are met with in the European states, under the protection of the laws. In one ef the southern principalities of Japan there are bank notes, which cireulato as money. There are three kinds of coin in Japan—gold, silver, and nal Ue The latter are round, with holes in the middle, by which they are put upon a wes and carried, as in a purse. This money is called by the Japanese mon. When they saw our copecs they compared them with this coin, and found that four Japanese mon made one copec. The gold and silver coins are longish, four cornered, and thicker than an imperial. The name, value, date of the year, and name of the maker are stam on each. As Thad no opportunity of Jearning either the standard of the metal, or the weight, I cannot compare them with our coin. The greatest trade by land is carried on in the city of Kio, the residence of the spiritual Emperor. This city docs not lie on the sea, but is very popu- lous, and has manufactories of all kinds; it is, therefore, visited by merchants from all parts of the ketag who cannot convey their own goods if thither, or ring: away what they purchase, except by land. Of all the maritime cities, Yeddo, the residence of the bing Emperor, and the Osaga, the moet beautiful of all tho cities, 120 Japanese ri, (or 500 wersts,) southwest of Yeddo, carry on the greatest trade. There are, besides, in almost every principaiity that borders on the sea, considerable commercial cities. ge It is well known in Hurope, how restricted the trade with Bitelgners ii . The cause of it is probably the distrust of th Tap nese government of the Europeans, and their bball opinion of them, for which it must be owned that the Europeans alone are to blame. Whether the Uo pte govern- ment judges rightly or not, I leave others to decide, and will merely observe that the people of Japan, in general, wish-to trade with Rowenta, particu- larly Europeans. The enlightened Japanese reason as follows:—* The people are blind, as far as re- ards the government of this kingdom, and only now superficially what most nearly concerns them. They cannot see two steps before them, and, there- fore, Lay easily fall down a precipice, unless thoy were guided by persons who can see. Thus, the Ja- panese, without tga the bad consequences whieh might result from an intercourse with foreign- er, see only the personal advantage which they might derive from trading with them.” ill the attempt of the Europeans to introduce the Christian religion into Japan, that empire car- ried on an extensive commerce with all the East. Japanese Leal sailed not only to China and the Islands, but even to the continent of Indin, which the Japanese call Tendzigu. But the Christian religion, or rather the Catholic preachers of it, in- spired the people with such terror, that the govern- ment, after the extirpation of Christianity, two cen- turies ago, forbade the Japancse, under pain of death, to travel to foreign countries, and did not allow foreigners to come to Japan, except with reat precautions, and in small numbers. Japanese thips can now only trade to Coren and the Likeo (Loo-Choo) Islands, because the inhabitants are considered, in some measure, as Japanese subjects, as they bay tribute. Only Corean, Loo-Choo, and Japanese ships are admitted in Japan, but in small number. Of the Europeans only the Dutch have a right to trade with them, but on such hard terma, that the Dutch, in Japan, more resemble prisoners than free men who are engaged in a commercial in- tercourre with a friendly power. The Chineve supply the Japanese with rice, por- celain, wrought and unwrought ivory, nankeen, moist rugar, ginserg root, medicinal herbs, wlum, and divers trifles, such as fans, tobacco pipes, &e. They receive from the Japanes, in return, copper, varnish, lackered goods, salted and dried fish, sea- cabbage, and some Japaneso manufactures. Frem the Duteh the. Japanese reccive sugar, spices, ivory, iron, medicines, saltpetre, alum, some sorts of colers, eloth, glass, and other European articles, such ae watches, looking-glasses, matho- matical instruments, &c. They give, in return, coyper, varnish, rice, and some of their manufac: tures, such as Iackered articles, porcelain, &e. heard that the Dutch earry on a very advantageous trade with the Japanese goods in the Malay and Molucea islands. It is only the harbor of Nangasaky, in the south of Japan, that is ee to the Chinese, as well as to the Duteb; all other ports are shut against them. Tn the came manner, one and the same methed is uuisoinly vbsived by the Japanese ia their tude, to the trees and are eaught in flocks. finish my secount of the industry of the saved his life ; though strictly speaking, he had no right to wear the article under such circumstances. Such is a brief version of what occurred in this affair, related to us by one familiar with the tran- saction. A great deal of the ill feeling existing be- tween the two combatants grew out of Northern and Southern party hostility. Judge Smith isa chivalrous Alabamian, and Broderick an equally chivalrous New Yorker. The laws of California are very severe against ducllers. A violation of them disfranchises aman. He cannot hold office or vote if he has fought a duel, or given a challenge. But there is a “higher law” there, which would be likely to be put in operation, were a member of the legislature to object to another taking his seat for having vio- lated the law on duelling, or were one party to chal- lenge another on the same ground. In either case the objecting party would be likely te get a ball through him. Statistics of the Philadelphia Post Office. From the Philadelphia North American.] For the year ending June 80th, 1846, which was the first year of the five and ten cent postage du- ties, the receipts at the eaianelahia post office amounted to $112,621 95. For the year endin; June 30th, 1847, the recepts were $127,771 63, an for the year ending June 30th, 1348, the receipts were $143,105 10. For the subsequent four years, down te the present time, we present the following statement of the quarterly receipts:— RECEIPTS FOR POSTAGE AT THE PHILADELPHIA Post oF- FICK, FOR FOUR YEARS, ENDING JUNE. 30TH, NEXT, 1852, For qr. ending Sept. 30th, 1848, $43.084 10 ON ee ey. aa 210 00 vod bed March 31, 1849, 626 00 meee ce ED 42,693 50-108.613 69 “4 Sept. 30, 42.485 60 bee hee HR 43.740 10 “ — Mareh 31, 1850, 46.773 10 Me “June 30, 3 46.468 20-179,407 30 s & gept. 30, 0 « 47.216 40 » ed Dee. 31, bad 47.898 40 capris March31, 1851, 62,504 70 & 6 June 30, | « 49.409 00-196,828 50 “ © Sept. 80, & 44,231 30 Des, 81, & 88.511 61 «4% — Mareh 31, 1852, 42.420 84 “Sune 20, estimate, 44,000 00-109,163 75 voseeeee $714,073 15 1 ipts for the quar- ter ending June 30th, 1852, are pogeey ep This can easily be done by one who has been so long in the office as our present postmaster, and who is so familiar with its business in all its details. The re- duction of the postage a second time has been in operation during the {edpeathe year, and the diminu- Gone oe receipts is in bee oath tas of it. Thede- crease, however, is not any means might bave been anticipated. “4 eee Lhe receipts for the year ending June 30th, 1852, will exceed those for the year ending June 30th, 1848, and the rapidity with which the receipts aug- mented after the first reduced rates had been in eration for a few years, lead us to anticipate a simi- lar result when the benefit of the present rates has. been experienced fora few years. It could hardly be expected that the genuine effect of cheap postage in augmenting correspondence would be immediate: ty Yisible. Time must be allowed for the system # operake and produce ite proper rewjts. We in” formed that he number OA letters ge. delivered by the carriers in {his city during the quarter ending March 3ist, 1862, was 483,025. The fettere and pa- pers delivered at the public box during the same period, amounted to about ten per cent of the above number, or 43,000, and the lettors, &c., delivered at the private boxes, were at least equal to the whole number delivered by the carriers. The drop-let- ters, delivered by “tho ad office city despateh, amount to 1,000 daily, or 90,000 during the quarter. It will thus be seen'that, in the aggregate, about 1,000,000 letters, &¢., have been delivered by the government post office in this city during the quar- ter ending as above, ‘The total number of pieces of pre-paid transiont Pores Sed erening of circulars, newspapers, wks and pamphlets, sent away durin, period—17,868, ee nee Since the last reduction of postage. the amount f business has been doubled at the Philadelphia ost office. fucerss or Forrian VEN TURERS—-LOUA Monies axp Kossvin.—The Buliimore Clipper reads the Bostonians a lecture for their marked re- spect of the light-hecled Countess, their tour of in- epection with her to the public schouls, and declares. that **the disposition seems to be inherent in the Awerican people, to fawn upon foreign adventurers, whatever may be their characters.” I thus couples the extremes of foreign dobutants—Lola and the Magyar, who both came over in the same vessel, and have both been ruccessful in their career :— “ Whilst the one has made a fortune by the use of his tongue, the other is amassing wealth by her heels. The people have applauded cach in ‘turn; and it is doubtful which has received the most dis- tinguished marks of considerat Kossuth in- structs us in the proper construct ton’s Farewell Address, and_ pre h we ought to pursue; and Lole will no doubs give our y females sensible and practical les- fons upon virtue and morality, as well ag upon bes the policy dancing. In fuct, we should be'« dull i reo, were it not Chat our intellect: ave goessionaio enlighiened by sane kind foreign. +, who compas sionately undertakes to instrne straight.” a Wortny or BarneGat.—It do stake all kinds of people to make up a world! ‘lwo miscreants on the Indiana shore, after the Redstone had blown up. and while yet persons were in the water drowning, and on the wreck burning, were engaged in pick: ing up such articles as were valuable to them, afd plundering the trunks that were blown ashore. And this they continued all the evening aud on the Sab- bath; and when there was no more upon the shore, they went on to the wreck, cut irons from it, ani picked up such thingsas they could steal.—Cin. BEng. ANOTHER FAILURE OF THE Fink ANNITITLATOR.— About 200 persons assembled at Newark on Aerceiay last, to seo the extiaguishing qualities of Phillips’ Fire Annibilator tested. The result was, that the builaing which was fired was burnod down, although. or rather barter, with the Chinese and Dutch. When @ ship enters the bas bor of Nangasaky, after four or five annibilators were thrown in at dows, after the dames had Drogromed ri oven | —E