The New York Herald Newspaper, March 25, 1852, Page 6

errr Our tal Correspondence. ee cor March 23, 1852. The Expedition to Japan and the East—Importance of a Scientific Survey, &e., Fe. J telegraphed you on Saturday a statement of the avowed objects of the expedition to Japan and the Bast India Archipelago, under the command of | Gemmodore Perry, now fitting out. In comnection mith the expedition, and to secure the objects of the enterprite, there should be a well equipped and well welected number of suitable vessels attached for sci- entific and hydrographic duty. If our commerce is + benefit, by any friendly negotiations, any com- mereial intercourse with the Japanese, it seems « nently proper that the government should adopt prompt steps, and prepare a series of auihentic and yelisblecharts. It is the duty ofa wise and prudent government to render to commerce every facility andeonvenience. For the safety and celerity of movement of the squadron about to visit Japan, it would seem highly proper that vessels, well pro- vided with the means to make extensive and eare- been preserved as profound seeret, and probably the re-appointment of Gen. Case as Governor of Mi- chigan, under Mr. Adams’ adminietration, when Mr. Clay was Secretary of State, was owing to it, still that does not detract from the clear and anequi- vocal sentiments of Gen. Cass, written at a time when the entire democratie press of the country were laboring to fasten on He Clay @ corrupt ee and fea by which Gen. Jackson was cheated out of the Presidency, and the State of Kentucky dis- franchised, and Henry Clay made the premier of the second Adams’ administration: — Dernorr, April 14, 1825. Dean Sim—T have just finished the perusal of your | masterly address to your late constituents, and I cannot refrain from expressing to you the high satifaction it has afforded me, It is « triumphant refutation of the vie | #LaxpeRs Which have been | oeaermy respecting the mo- | tives of your conduct in the peculiar circumstances in which you were recently placed. You may safely eommit your character to the judgment of your countrymen and of posterity. ‘They will not fail to award you full justice. Imust ask your indulgence for this alinost involuntary tribute to your claims and services, eo strong is the impres- sion which your appeal has made upon me, that I could not restrain this expression of my feelings. With warm regard, I am, dear sir, Sincerely yours, Von. UW. Cray. LEWIS CAS8, This letter explains the fraternal feeling which has existed and been manifested on more occasions POLITICS OF THE Day. ‘The Presidential Question. NEW YORK. The Seward wing of the whig party of this State, is undoubtedly its controlling majority. In every issue between them and the so-called silver grays, the latter have been subjected to an ignominous and unconditional surrender. The Seward faction will, therefore, we apprehend, elect a majority of the dele- gates to the Philadelphia Slaughter House Conven- tion; and they may be confidently expected to carry the vote of New York for Gen. Seott. The anti-Se- ward section is feeble and impotent; and the more so from being divided between Fillmore and Webster. The President has the whip-hand of his rival in ‘the rural districts,” but Webster holds the balance of power in Wall street ; yet, even in this city, Scott and Seward will fight them to the hilt, while in the interior the administration candidates will both be driven from the field. The late Wall street demon- stration in favor of Webster was a perfect fizzle. Mr. Clay’s letter may, Phar, give Fillmore a good lift, even in New York. The Seward organs are afraid of it. ‘The democrats are befogged and heclouded, all in the dark. The late letter of Gen. Butler, of Ky., in behalf of the compromises, has cooled down the ardor $a) surveys, in advance of it, in order to prevent any easter or accident. should be attached. All persons conversant with East Indian geogra- phy, know that among the thousand isles, straits and passages, there are many dangers not yet even approximately located or known. Recently we have had intelligence of the total loss of several fine and very large ships, on their way from China, having threaded their way from San Francisco through the Pacific Ocean. J need only mention the loss of the Memnon, in the Straits of Gaspar. ‘The most pressing necessity exists for a speedy and careful reconnoiseance of all and every portion ef the routes to and from China and the East— thence to Japan and Formosa. The interests of y widely extended commerce demand it. And if this ir so important and called for, what cannot be waid in regard to the new and unknown field in the vart Pacifie Ocean--the great highway to our Pacific posressions. The North Pacific Ocean is the great whaling ground of our daring fishermen; H if comparatively unknown; its dangers have wever been sought out nor its advantages explored. Yet we have hundreds of ships seeking the whale, from the Equator to Bhering’s Straits; thence along the shores of Rama, Japan, &e., and scarcely an authentic chart has yet been made. Chains of amail islands and reefs lie along the path from the ®andwich Isles to China, not one of which is aceu- vately located. Already steam communication is sentemplated between San Francisco and China. @oal, and many other useful products lie hidden amongst the islands of those seas, and only require developement. Active ana well equiped vessels, in the charge of experienced and competent officers of. the navy, will soon clear up all these difficulties, and while engaged in the performance of the im- portant duties they can look afier the interests of eommerce, give protection to oug many fleets of whaling shipe, inspire them with confidence, and save from shipwreck and destruction many of our Bardy scamen. America has done little to advance the bounds of seicnce and discovery. Her commerce reaches and threads covery sea; and this alone, if not the still higher and less selfish consideration of contributing te the knowle of the world, should induce her to Bead in scient investigations which will promote the general welfare, whenever occasion, such as the present, presents. We have officers experience, ambition, and energy ; we have ships, and stout- hearted seamen, ready and willing for service—all that is required is the action of the government and public approbation. It ie for the government, then, only to make a smal] and specific appropriation for this important Preject, and, ere the lapse of three years, our seamen mavigating those seas would sail and guide their ships by our charts, and avail themselves of all the advantages of successful research, commenced and perfected for their use by a wise and paternal govern- meni. Wasnincton. March 22. 1852. Tha Cadet Appointments from the Several States, for 1852. ‘Fhe following is @ list of the Cadete, as far as yet ap- Pointed by the Secretary of War tothe Military Academy, fivem the several States. for the year 1852:— MAINE. Din Dist. 2—Charke W. Frank $—J.H. Gilman. NRW HAMPSII KE We vacancy MASEACHUMET ES. Ne vacancy coNNreTiEDy 3—B L Bieee! RHODE ISLAND 3—Vacancy vot yet filled NEW YORK, 4—Jehn H Haws. Jr. 2h—Sylveeter Van Aletyne. ]—Charles 8 Arthur 34—viuuer 1, Crovaen. SD. ©. Hoxton 2%—Charies D. Johnston, ¥e—Jacob Sharp 20—Jamer MeMillan, 16—Herbert M. Ence 32—H. A. Haseell —Humilton Lyman. 2—Richard Leder. S—Jobn P. Ritter. . Nevens, Jr: PENNSYLVANIA 23—Morris Hah, 10—Andrew T. Porter, A—L. Loraine J) © Morrie DELAWARE Bo vacancy MARYLAND S—Ambrere ©. Dunn. 1—Vacant. B—Benjamin Ricketts, VIRGINIA 4—R. E Venable, Jr. t—D. Herndom. B—Jamer B. Alexander. NORTH @aROLINA. 3—GCharies C. Lee. 9-—Vacant o—Ww Kirkland. FOUTH CAROLINA. Ot W Ferguson GFOREIA. 7—Vaeant EPNTWERY IF. B Lyon 7—Charles B. Stivers. 3—Vacant 10—Vacant. 4—Themae Miller. TEXNESEE: 10—L, Ketchum TI—W. H. Jacksos, 3—Jobp McDaniel 2-H. A Watkins. George W. Campbell 4—Vacancy. WB. Hoghs FLOKIDA. Wo vacancy. Texae, Ro vacancy. ovine. 16—A.H. Tidball 1i—Jon §. Cathe 3+P. E. Sullivan, 4—R © C Lord F—Themas Gardiner 18—Vacancy. 20—Werley Owens. LOvIstANA DJobn B. Fort 4—Vaeancy. INDIANA J—Jokn €. Tracy. 2—Vacaney 4—Williom 1. Gentry t-Vaeancy 3—E. M. Crampton HLLINGIS. OnNEON, —Thomas ). MeCarter SEW MEXICO a-Vaeaney Speed Butler Vacancy vias. George W. Palmer MISAIESIPPY 4—W_P Saunders ALABAMA 2—Jamwer T Jernigan 7-—-Owen R. Maciemore. S—Vaeaney vrseornt I-€. Good SE, Richardson a—James Po Major WicHiGAs I—Jobn K. Mesner J—M. D. MeAllieter a—Vaeuney annaveas Ne Vacancy sews F—Bii Diekenson Witeensix We vacaney «ALIPORNIA oR DP. Lewie MINNESOTA Vaesney AT LARGE. APPOINTED BY THR PRESIDENT 1. Wainwright Heileman. Army. son of Lt. Col. ileile wan, deceased 2. Hamilion Hawkins, Army. son of At Hawking, deceased 3. F. 8. Armistead tant Surgeon Army, son of Gen, Armistead. de- monsed 4. Henry DeHart. Army. eon of Captain Dellart, de- eeased &. Lindsay J. Lomax. Army. son of Major Lomax. de sed oreph HI. Taylor lor 7. Edward Jones, Navy, son of Commodore Jacob Jones deorased &. Fitzhugh Lee. Navy. son of Commander Ler 9. J. Jay Van Sehanek. New York 26. Win. B Kingsbury. Von @1. Francie L. Campbell, Al Army, son of Lt. Col. Joseph P 32, George D. Bayard, New | 44. iltan G ton. North 14, Benjamin ©. Cutler. Jr 95. Jamer Meh. Grav Peunsylvania 4. 8. Sprigg Carroll, District of Columbia WASHINGTON, March 19, 1862. Messrs. Clay and Cass—The Latier of the Latte to the Former-- The Next Presidency, &c. 1 vend you herewith a copy of a letter, written by Gen. Cavs to Henry Clay, in 1825, when the fierce democracy wore hunting Henry Clay down, for his bargain with John Q. Adame. It was a noble act of Cate to take euch a stand against the sentiments aud charges of is own party; and, alshough is kas of the barnburners, and will probably lay him out flat and cold. Cass stand well among the hunkers; John Van Buren stands under a sort of pledge to sup- port the Baltimore nominees; but whether he and ‘is clique will not do their very worst to defeat the nomination of Cass, remains to be seen. The old General has the inside track; but the distaste of the baraburners is a very ugly clement of doubt against him,.when we consider the importance,of the vote of New York in the Presidential election: than one between Mr. Clay and Gen. Cass. When | Senator Foote was put forward in the U. 8. Senate on the compromise by Gen. Cass, and a committee of thirteen was raised, Gen. Cass suggested Henry Clay as chairman of that committee; and there is no doubt but that Mr. Clay prefers Gen. Cass should be elected the next President, and that he has expressed a preference for him over Fillmore, or any other candidate. Why not, then, nominate him? Should not the dying preference of Henry Clay Rages nyse the Cee ae party, vars PENNSYLVANIA. all other influences tending to such a desireable ir SI i ei . result are thrown away !—when even Father At their State convention last spring, at Lan caster, the whige, by an overwhelming majority, pronounced in favor of General Scott. This pro- nunciamonto, we fuppose, will be sustained in the Philadelphia Slaughter House Convention. The only possible living chance for the whigs in Penn- sylvania is a military chieftain upon a high tariff platform. In every Presidential contest, the demo- crats have carried the State except in the cases of General Harrison and General Taylor. The sound of the fife and drum, strange as it may appear, has a wonderful influence over the quiet, peaceable and plodding German farmers of the Old Keystone. Scott Ritchie and the warning, and warning tones of the old organ, fail to have any harmonizing oftect? Judge Douglas, who wasa good Judge in Mlinois, judging from his charges to the Juvy, as rehearsed y ‘Tom Corwin, gave his judgment over a year (and when he was a Cass man, too) that ¢ Case's letter to the committee accepting the Balt ination, and in which he says, ‘that no ees bly arise which’ would in- to be a candidate for the neral Cags, and that he could not be re-nominated. Now, I think he might be nominated with the consent of Judge Douglas. It is snid that General Cass, in reply to Senator | isthe man forthe whigs of Pennsylvania, on Taylor’s Jones, of Tennessee, yesterday, was very able and platform, high on the tariff but non-committal on happy—much more so than he seemed to be under | the negro question. The Quakers rallied almost to the infliction of Senator Jones’ speech. Jt is said that a clerk of the United States Cirenit Court, in New Jersey, has been acting as counsel and attorney in patent cases, and has brought a great many suite into the court where he isclerk, the fees alone making a fine annuity, besides the compromises made to avoid the vexations and trou- ble of endless laaveuite, where the prosecuting attor- ney is the clerk of the court, and the elerk’s father the judge on the bench. Members of Congress from that State are written to, detailing these facts ; but what can Congress do? It has enough to do without looking after clerks’ fees. This clerk will look after and take care of his own fees, W.O. a@ man upon General Taylor on this platform, al- though opposed to all slaveholders, all slavery, all fighting, and all mere men of war. the demoeracy have in State convention appointed a Buchanan delegation to Baltimore. This will Rv him an important foothold in the convention. It is reported, however, that Gen. Cameron, a very keen and ¢lippery politician, intends [ea up an anti-Buchanan delegation to oppose him. fe sus- pect, however, that if Simon attempts it, he will be ruled out; and that if the Cass men carry their hostility to Buchanan so tar, they will never get the vote of Pennsylvania upon any terms, neither in the convention, norin the election, if nominated. oul0. The whigs of Ohio declared, last spring, in favor of Gen. Scott. The object wag to test his popularity in the State election; but in Ohio, as in Pennsyl- vania, the experiment resulted in the most eomplete defeat. The movement in each case was regarded hy the more devoted Fillmore and Webster whigs as an insult to those candidates; and thus the actual strength of the whigs was not brought into full play. But we suspect that Ohio, in the Whig National Convention, will vote for Scott, without much trouble, as their first choice; but they may be driven to a second. The democrats have appointed their delegutes to Baltimore. They are said to consist of eleven for Hon. William Allen of Ohio; seven for Cass; two for Douglas; two for Butler; and two for Houston. It is most probable that tho vote of Ohio will be united upon Cass until he is nominated, or until it shall appear that some other candidate is more ac- ceptable to the convention. VIRGINIA. As far as there have been any expressions of the whigs, in the way of popular meetings, in Virginia, they have been in favor of Mr. Fillmore. On the Mth April they hold a State convention, in reference to the grand Philadelphia Slaughter House Conven- tion, when we shall have, perhaps, ome definite fore- shadowing of the position of the Virginia whigs, and Bank of the United States. An adjourned meeting of the stockholders of the Bank of the United States was held on the 17th inst., at the Merchants’ Exchange, Philadelphia. for the purpose of receiving the report of the committee appointed at the last meeting. and for the transaction of other business in. relation to the institution. ‘The attendanee was un- usually large. and deep interest wae evidently felt in all the proecedings. On motion of Mr. Ww. 1. Hinst. Mr. Macalister was elected to the chair, and Mr. E. D. Ingrabam was chogen reeretary. ‘The Secretary then read the report of the committee, recommending that application should be made to the Legislature to relieve the hank from all liability to the commonwealth; that they had prepared an act of assem- bly for the purpose of closing the trusts and effecting & speedy distribution of the assets of the bank. and that a committee of seven be eppointed to proceed to Harrisburg for that purpose. Mr. Ranpa.i moved that the report be adopted. This motion was ecconded, and carried unanimourly Mr. Ranpat. then offered a resolution to the effeet that it war expedient for the stockholders of the Bank of the United States to make a general assignment of its assets to trustees, and that the stockholders now present. orrepresented.donow decide on that question. according to the scale of votes allowed in elections of directors Pending this question considerable discussion arose be- tween different parties.and particularly in reply to some remarks in reference to the charter. Mr. Scuwar. of the committee. observed that. though be now. and formerly, supported Mr. Randali’s resolu- tions. be did not fully agree with him in hie precent re- marke on corporated rights. which, at the present stage of matters, were entirely irrelevant. and had nothing to do with the objectof this meet Representing 110.000 shares held in Holland, 10.000 in Great Britain. and over $600 owned in New York and South Carolina, Mr. Sebwal) wanted the Legislature to do justice—that they abould be told. if you had fulfilled your contract with the bank. by paying the interest of $300600 per annum due on Staie siocks, the bank would have fulfilled her’+ with the Commonwealth. It was surprising to him, that when whether they have upon principle any sine gua non ornot. TheState is so thoroughly democratic, that it makes but little difference in’ the election who the whigs may adept; but th ma vote of the State y be of very decided influence in the Whig Con- i We doubt not that Fillmore will be the the Virginia whigs. ne i ¢ Commonwealth were PaSAEaPA sae eas kate Wr Stare"Convention. They wal and ingenuity. was to be found who availed himself of that Rakty 4 Stat ation. | They witl defence. Bir. §. complained that the trustees were eating | PTCD# Oly express no preference for any Presidential up the means of the bank. and thus the property of the | candidate; but they may name some Virginian— tevenson, Floyd, or some other aame—for Presidency, under the impression that if the candidate for President is to come from the North, the Old Dominion will be entitled to the Vice Presidency. foreign stockholders who had trusted io American honor. THe was adverse to any cessation of corporate powers, and in faver of a general arsignment; but relying. at the eame time. on the honor and integrity of the Legislatare. to do what was right under the eireumstances— remembering that the State was partly the cause of the suspension of the hank. Ten years ago it was known from the books of the bank, that 197.551 sharer. or nearly two-thirds of the eapital stock. was held by foreigners. and that over thirteen millions of dollare were due to creditors in Europe. for which depreciated and repudiated State stocks were pledged. Yet their opinion. on any subject referring to the affairs of the Rank, was never consulicd. and consequently the best assets of the institution were set aside for the benefit of the Philadelphia banks, and other preferred creditors in this country, At former meetings. by distributing the stock amonget the partisans of the latter. Mr. Schwab's efforte were always defeated. particularly by a motion of Mr. Gibbons. who held full four shares since the 6th of April. 1841. in his name. and who then pretended to pro- teet the best intereste of the bank. The same gentleman ie now acting as counsel forthe commonweaith, in direct opposition to the very sume interest he once #0 zealously defended. Mr lained that sufficient notice of meetings or of dividends due to creditors was not given to foreign creditors or stockholders. in order that thelr in- tereste might be protected. and also that, in relation to a certain cight millions of dollars in property, held by the bank. Mesers, Hope & Co..of Amsterdam. and others, had. for the last nine years, not been able to get any informa- tion, The impression generally prevailing. that the inte- rests of the creditors and those of the stockholders were opposed to each other. did not appear to him correctly taken, The stockholders’ assistance to the creditors is perhaps more needed than the latter are aware of. Yet, ae representative of the former. he was willing to give it as much #s it was in his power, considering it far preferable to trust in the good feelings and equity of those creditors, with some of whom he was personally acquainted. than in the exertions of the pre- sent trustees, whose only ¢ it was to perpetuate their salaries, In conc Mr. S$. remarked that if it was the object of p e the eup- pored value of the assets of the bank, with a view thereby GEORGIA Things are coming into ship-ehape again, in Geor- gia. The late Union party, having, with the aid of Mr. Webster, saved the Union--thank God—they have nothing else to do than to disband and return to their old party lines. While in existence, how- ever, this Union party had such a splendid majority, that the leaders of it have struggled like grim death to keep up the organization; but it is too late. Ite time is out, because, in saving the Union, its work is done. In Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, therefore, the process of the reconstruction of the old parties is going on pretty steadily, and, on the meeting of the Baltimore Convention, all the Union party men of the Southern States that are not re- presented there with the State ae men, will hold off to join the whigs at Philadelphia. An attempt is making in Georgia to turn over the Union party, body and breeches, to the support of Mr. Fillmore ; but we suspect the democrats belonging to it will continue to drop off, and join their old associates, until the President is left with the old whig party, and nothing more, to back him. And so in Aisha ma, and Mississippi, and Louisiana, and all the South, from present indications. ILLINOIS. The whige of Nlinois and the Northwest are deci- dedly for Scott. In those States that are most dreadfully democratic, a military chieftain is the man for the whigs over all other men. The democrats of Mlinois are for Douglas, of to efeape further investigation, he would assure those | course. He ie the “little giant”—the “ Young rarties that whether the value of the stock was twenty | America’? of Ilinois, and is boldly pitted by the dollars per share, or that of blank paper, neither would prevent him from publishing to the world an aceount of one of the greatest robberies ever recorded in the annals of history. i ‘ Mr. Randall's resolution in favor of @ general assign- ment. was then put to a vote. and resulted — fyes—730 voter, re ng 9.604 shares. Nays—126 votes So Mr. Randall's resoluti: On motion of Mr. Rawat jon Was gone inte r the genera) asrignment The following gentlemen were elected:-—Authony F Schwab. Molton ©. Rogers. James Cooper (of Pottsville), Charles Macalister. and el L. Miller, Jr 5 eral resolutions, in reference to the power of said trusteos, &¢.. were proposed by Mr. Randall, which were unanimously enrried Mr. Scuwar offered # re holders’ meetings. or whe outside democracy, and the leading ppt-house de- mocratic politicians of bette tk all the “‘old_ fogies”---Cass, Buchanan, Butler, Houston, Marcy, and all the rest. He has thrown down the glove to them all, and they will take it up; and though they may be defeated themselves, they will he very apt to carry the nomination without either the aid of Douglas or Mino MASSACHUSETTS. of Massachusetts have resolved to ubide hy the action of the Philadelphia convention. This looks like casting Mr. Webster cverboard in despaiy. The New York Cowrier, and the meeting of the board of brokers at Metropolitan Hall. to have given the guictus to the great ¢ What the democratic and free soil coalition are going to do has not yet transpired. The co-part- ip will be broken up in the event of a free soil vsidential ticket, as in IS48. By the way. the anti-savery people intend to hold off till the whigs The whigs ution that anotice of stock- a dividend out of the slaved. should be publish: spapers. the New Yor the .Imsterdomer Handel- menthe previous to such nd being payable, whieh ‘On and democrats shall have put forward their tickets, Ke ng adjourn, it do ad- | and laid down their platforms, and then they will journ to meet on the first Monday in May. Adjourned determine what is to be done at Pittsburg. GENERAL SUMMING UP. All accounts, all the testimony, all the facts up to this time lead to these conclusions :—That the whigs ofthe South, and of the whole South, are first in fa- vor of Fillmore—that they are divided in the North | between Scott, Fillmore, and Webster, though Scott isin the ascendant. The emphatic endorsement of Henry Clay will add to the strength of Fillmore in Appointments by the Preisde: By and with the advice and consent of the Senate Jobn Glenn, of Maryland, to be Judge of the District of the United States for the district of Maryland, in the place of Upton S. Heath, deceased Francis Dainese, to he Consul of the United States for the port of Constantinople, in the place of Geo. A. Porter. recalled Agents for the Indians in Oregon. Edward A. Starling. in the plaee of Ji, H Spaulding. ree moved the North, and with the whole South at his bael c in the ploce of Beverly 8. Alle y ‘ is hack he actlonte A Skinner, in the ploce of Beverly 8. Allen, yet be amiatch for Scott. We may expect, Elkanah Walker, in the place of Blias Wampole, re- ver, a time at Philadel phia, moved _ The democracy are in a dreadful state of “eonfu- Francie W. Lea, to he nt for the Tndians of the | sion and wrangling.” Such indeed is their mutinous leceased r Pottawatomie Agency, in the place of Luke Lea James H. Harwood, to be Indian Agent at the Up M uri Agency, in the place of Peyton P. Moore, clined yevolutionary condition, North and South, that it is probable all of the standing candidates will he dished at Baltimore, and a new man substituted, and it is postilie they may break up in a row. GUNPRAL SCOTT AND THE COMPROMISE [From he Washington Correspondence of the Nashville Banne ‘The United Stater sloop of war Saratoga was at Whan- m the 14th of December The United States Hoop of war Decatur. Com. Green, | At rrusent, wo have but three men spoken of ar candi- initod states tloop of war Decatts, Com. Crees |. tes i Presidency and for the Vice Presidency, was at San Juan on the Joth instant, Ler office but one of distinguished prominence. ‘The platform of crew were all weil. Tak New York HERALD) APPRECIATED AT THE Sovrm—The Greenville, South Carolina, Patriot says :— The New York Henann is, perhaps, better worth filing and preserving than any other paper published in the United States, It is filled mostly with original Matter sud contains all the grea pilaiomaih Fillmore, Scott and Webster, isone andthe same. They individually plant themselves upon the compromise measures, maintaining their settlement as an adjustment. in principle and substance, of ali the dangerous ques. tions involved, To ascertain definitely the past and the present position of General Scott. upoh these important measures, U visited him last week, having had the wats, oo. With pleasure of & previous acquaintance, In our conversa. Wier, putiistes tuitt Sutateney tua werof inter. | tom. I remarked to him that with many whige of the Cand value. The Cengrersjonal debeterdn the Manas | South, his position was ambiguous, or. indeed. they were are wimnye readeblg,” wot cognizant fH, He observed, that of thie he bed speec! ited States, did I not residenee in the = of New York, aug T have. cy Payer pnt ought battles whieh be. len WI have gained fer our common country some little renown and glory. ‘These. however, might have been won by other men, or, if lost, would have been repaired by the indomi- table chivalry of our brave soldiery, But the great bat- tle which you are fighting, involves all that is glorious oF immortal. of the present and the past, all that is dear and hopeful of the future. It is the battle of the preser- vation of the Union and the constitution. the perpetuity of our republican institutions. I trustin God that you may be successful in your patriotic undertaking. For I most heartily approve of allthe measures of your bill, and will give to them acordial and energetic support.’ ‘This letter, that he addressed to Mr, Clay, he had no copy of. nor of a similar one which he addressed to Mr, Webster, immediately succeeding the perusal of his eat speech upon the same measures; but the above is substance, But thisis not all, “Did I not,” saidhe. uring their discussion in Congress, personally exert my influence for their passage through both houses ? Be- sides, there isextant the most incontestible proof that had it not been formy humble aid and influence, the compromise measures could not. by a vote of from five to ten, have passed the House of Representativer.”? Such ix the substance of what he said. The publication of these facts is due to General Seott; for the ignorance of them has abated the ardor of his friends in the South, and aggravated the asperrion of his enemies. There being loud eries for General Scott from all parts of the room, the gallant hero of Lundy's Lane and Mexico, after appropriately acknowledging the compliment, spoke as follows:— THE CASTLE GARDEN SPEECH OF GENERAL SCOTT, FEBRUARY 25, 1850. Fellow citizens '—I came here this evening not expect- ing todo more than to take my stand in a corner of the room, for the purpose of listening to the proceedings of this very interesting and important meeting, I had no expectation of haying the honor to be called upon this stand. [ am indebted to the kindness of a friend, who discovered me below. for having the honor to appear in such a conspicuous manner before you, Little did I ex- pect bemg called upon to address this great and glorious meeting, which is worthy of the Empire City, worthy of the Empire State, and worthy of the Union which you came here to support. (Great applause.) Tse before me the intelligence. the wealth. the patriotism of this great city. voluntarily coming here for the puxpose of supporting that Union. "Taman humble friend and de- voted servant of thet same Union, Ido not call myself a citizen of the East or of the North, of the West or of the South, I have served that Union for nearly forty- two years, and feel that I am_a citizen of every part aud parcel of this glorious constellation of States, “Asa friend of the Union, and knowing that the Union is in jeopardy, and knowing that this mecting was called for the purpose of devising measures of compromise and conciliation, Lam. come here, Many thanks for the kindnees you have shown me. I am not an abolitionist nor an advoeate of slavery. I would not have come here if I had thought these sub- fete would have militated with each other at this meet- ing. 1 did not come here as a whig or as a democrat, I have not attended a party meeting for upwards of forty years; but when the cry is that the Union is in danger, and a rally is called for the support of the Union. I would ben coward, and a reercant to my country, if I did not respond to the call. I mean to give my little strength in support of the Union, and, God willing, I will do so. 1am not a strong man; but Ihave a little strength left, and I truet I shall be buried under the Union. God grant that you may devise or fall upon some plan to save that Union to which we are, in heart and soul, all so much devoted, The gallant General resumed his seat amid the most. enthusiastic and prolonged applause. The meeting short- ly afterwards adjourned. giving three cheers for General Scott and the Union. S1vamnoar Vorine.—We find in the St. Louis Republican the following passenger vote for President, taken on board of the steamer Clara, on a late trip down the Mis- sissippi: Fillmore, 82; Webster. 10; Buchanan, 2; Case, 4; Scott, 2; Douglas, 1; Foote 1; Butler, 1, The Collins Steamers, [Prom the Washington Union. } To Tax Eprrox oF THE UNION. Srr—I have noticed an article in your columns of the Mth instant, over the signature of ‘Fair Play,” which wears the garment of a shcep, but the tone of the article betrays the wolf. ‘Taking up the pointe of the article in succession, I first notice the assertion that the ‘friends of the Collins steamers are confined principally to New York,’ by asking any man in doubt upon this point to read the expression of the press from every part of the Union durivg the construction, début, and subsequent unequalled paesages of the Collins steamers; or let him go abroad, and see if he can find a genuine American who has not felt an addi- tional national pride in consequence of the splendid achievements of these noble steamers. The next assertion, that the “steamers are not easily converted into war steamers, and that, if able of being, they would cost the government ai least $100,000,” I will answer by saying that an cinment United States naval constructor asserts he can convert them into war steamers for i 0. not denied that. when the Collins steamers ‘st commenced, they had before them the ex- nee of the Cunarders, excepting in such points the Cunarders, in their admirable sagacity and goed management. chore to keep to themselves; iid in this they have displayed great tact in the nagement of their steamers, which, with their experience, makes them indeed formidable rivals. When the Colliss steamers were commenced, the new Cunard steamers America, Europa, Niagara and Canada were in the field, and astonishing the world with their unprecedented quick passages ; and it was these steamers that the Collins steamers were built toeompete with. During the eonstruction, the officers and engincers of the Cunard boats frequently visited the ship-vards and engine- works engaged in the construction of the Col- lins boats, and were uniformly treated with eourtesy, which they always reciprocated, look- ing upon the matter as an honorable rival- ry between the two great commercial nations of the earth. Their convictions of the charac- ter of the opposition they were to encounter, is best proved by the facts that before Collins’ boats were completed, theCunard company contracted for two additional steamers, the Africa and Asia. They were both longer and sharper than their associates, ofmuch less tonnage than either of the Collins hoats, while they put in engines of precisely the same capacity as those of the Atlantic and Pacific, viz: 95 inches diameter, nine feet stroke—(the largest diameter and the longest stroke ever before but in England.) The expectation in favor of the new Cunarders may be best illustrated by quoting the language ofa Liverpool paper :— The Cunard Company have eontracted for two new steamers, five hundred tons loss tonnage than the Collins line, but ofthe same power. Their models and accommo- dations will be greatly improved, and whon they are once afloat. noone for a moment will entertain the absurd idea that America can compete with England in ocean steam navigation. The six Cunarders above referred to, and the four Collins steamers, have for some time been before the world, in the glorious and praiseworthy race for the | supremacy of the seas. Inthe contest (which has al- | ways been conducted with the hest of feeling on both sides,) the performance of the four new Cunarders | which were to be the competitors of the Collins line | have been lost sight of, and the performance ofthe Asia and Africa alone Medd aha with the Collins boats. The result is before the world, and it is one that should awaken the pride of every American. The Cunarders, in good carnest, are not willing to give up the glorious contest, which they acknowledge to have lost, and are now building two other steamers, the Arabia and Persia, much larger than any they have adopted before. They have built tubular boilers, and braced them for carrying from 15 to 18 pounds to the squase inch pressure of steam, which is the pres- sure of the Collins boats. As the Arabia, from some cause best known to themselves, has been sold to the West India Company, it is fair to infer that the Cunarders are going to make another and more powerful attempt to regain the laurels they have lost. “Fair Play” accuses “the projectors of the Ame- rican line with being resolved to eclipse the English line, and of considering expense no object.” This I will admit, and will endorse the accusation; for I witnessed the liberal disposition on the part of the projectors whenever they found what was necessary to produce steamers equal totheir task. A reasona- hle compensation was allowed for it; hence the ob- ligation of the government to encourage the enter- prise, for they are just as much nationally interested us the projectors themselves. “Faw Play” next asserte that the ¢ost of the Cunard steamers is not known. It may not be to him; but it is well known to others; and it is also well known that each of the Cunarders cost. as much in proportion to their capacity as either of the Collins boats; and the expression that either of the Collins hoats cost as much as any “four of the Cu- narders,”” exhibits how little he knows of the sub- ject he writes about. That the reader may decide this point for himself, J give the cost of the “British Queen,” the “President.” and the “Liverpool” — steamers that preceded the Cunard line, and of smaller ca pacity—as published hy the association, at a cost of £160,000, or $500,000 each. Is it, then. fair to presume that the Cunarders—any one of them—cost less, when, in every Jeature, they were of larger dimensions? Fair Play” makes a specious argument of the disadvantages of a ‘flush deck.” Ag he is so fond of referring to English examples, I will do likewise, and refer him to the five new ships for the Royal Mail West India Company---the Amazon, Oronoco, Demarara, Parana, and Magdalenn---all of which have “ flush decks,” and engines of exactly the same «iameter and length of stroke as the Atlantic and Pacific---while the hulle are much the same, being nearly the sume length, and two and a-half feet les# beam. And again--to quote English authority con- ceming the ‘Hush deck”---I refer to the New York pep of n late date, containing an extract from a and the Oronoco steamer, just, completed, she i regi the moxt complete and efficient veal . for war purpores, Her length is 276 feet, 43 feet beam. | sale glesmer_ yosseeees & spar or flash deck, which i 8 . which is 10 of creat and decided Saperiority, froae the actual ex i. which have been made by order of the Ad- ity, in the use of circular or pivot guns. ‘Thus it is seen that the best authority in England approves of the ‘flush deck.” ‘The assertion that | not one of the United States mail steamers is fit to es such a battery as that used on board the United States steamer Susquehanna,* is unjustifia- ble and unjust. I will challenge a comparison with miniature models of the mail steamers of the Col- ling line and the navy steamers; and I will even agree that the investigation be conducted by naval constructors solely, who shall decide upon the struc- ture and fitness of the mail steamers for vessels of war. Several of our most eminent naval constr tors, who have, from time to time, inspected the m. steamers, during their construction, have expressed themselvee satisfied on this point. The attack upon the machinery of the mail sicamers as being unusually exposed to the shot might have some influence upon those who know but little of the English and Aiue- rican mail steamers: but it will be a waste of eif upon any man who knows that the engines of one of the Cunarders—four-fifths of all the ro, West India steamers, including all the new ones— are of the description known as the-side-lever, and in general features the same as the Collins engines, and all are equally exposed to shot, as the shatts of all paddle-wheels must be elevated as high as their centres. “Pair Play” next makes the modest assertion that the Collins steamers have ‘accomplished no- thing but defeat and failure!’ and that, ‘in con- sequence of reckless expenditure and mismanage- ment, they are now in a state of bankruptcy.” Thi WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT. Coskrerep Wroveway, Manon 24, ron rie New Yous Heracn. NEW YORK MARKET. Duties payable in cash, Goods stored to be sod at public auction at the end gf one year, ‘The ton in all coves (@ he 2240 pounds. SHE! ) HAY, 100 th. — Pot por 100 1be. =| North River 70 a= 75 cys 685. ame — WAX Russia,etn,ton 2 az iw — Do, 25 a Big ‘atshiot, Sun Juan, Southern dry Porto Cabstiv & Mata Door, win! Deer, shave Goat’ Mex, peu Maracaibo St. Domince CORDAG Rh | Sole. oak Igt, lb— 22 Bo.” middle~ 21 0. Do. dy! e— 1 PT Do. io. — 19 a— 22 Hemlock, light 13a 14 Do, middling— 13 a— It. Do. he MH a— 13! Do. is indeed freedom of speech, and it is a new doctrine that an unwillingness on the part of the proprietors to suffer a loss of hundreds of thousands of dollars in a national cause constitutes bankruptcy. Such language (slanderous and false as it is) needs no comment: it speaks for itself. I will only say that he does not award to the Collins line the eredit which is freely and voluntarily grant- ed by the Cunarders themselves; and the gene- ral intelligence of America must be greatly uader- rated to suppose that such rabid expressions, and from an anonymous seribbler, will have any other influenc¢ than to prove the malicious hostility of * Pair Play.’ Regarding the injury which he says will result to the sailing packets, this question we will leave to the decision of our commercial mer- chante, to say whether they choose to have the steaming business entirely monopolized by the En- glish, or shared by the Americans! and will leave to their decision whether, as long as they are to have steam competition, they do not desire the American steamers to occupy the same relative position to the English, as our sailing packets do to theirs ? “Fair Play” treats in ridicule the idea that the support of the Collins line isa national question. True Americans do not require any instruction on this point; and if they should, I willhere give the language of Mr. Cunard himself, before a committee of the House of Commons, in July, 1849:—* I was most anxious to have it (the extension of the con- tract) done, because I knew the consequences of having these rival lines of steamers running against us, and that it would affect the government more than it would us.” It is expressed by ‘‘Fair Play” that Congress should not pay the Collins line any more for carrying the mails than other steamers are willing to carr: them for. This portion of the communication I will leave to the members of Congress and citizens gener- ally—whether they will not give more to have their mails carried by a class of steamers which are are a credit to our nation, and an exponent of the abilit; of our ship-builders and engincers, than they will give to steamers that shall follow the English, in- stead ofleading them! Any one acquainted with the subject knows that to attain great speed the vessels must be of large dimensions, and have great power; and it is self-evident that such steamers must much more expensive in their construction, equipment, consumption of coals, pay of officers, crew, &c., than a class of steamers one-third smaller in size. The next assertion is, ‘that the construction of the Collins’ steamers, in reference to their easy con- version into war steamers, has been entirely over- looked.” As ‘Fair Play’? is ¢0 anti-American, I will hero quote an eminent English authority, respecting the identical vessels he assails. The extract is taken from the Liverpool Mercury of the Ist of August, 1851. The occasion was the entertainment of a large party of gentleman at Liverpool, on board the American packet-ship Great Western, commanded by Captain Sherman, and the remarks are made by the justly celebrated ship builder, Mr. Wilson Green, in acknowledgment of the toast, ‘The Liverpool Ship builders.” After speaking of ship building generally, and what could be done in America. he said the Americans had ad- vantages which we did not possess in England, and it must beacknowledged that their ships were amongst the noblest specimens of naval architecture, and could not be rivalled. He thought. however. that if in Liverpool we had the advantages which they had in America, we might compete with them. Ie would not say they should beat us, but we Would first have 2 trial. He would say thi-, that in almost everything connected with ships, the Annericans were leading us. (Hear, hear.) They had a class of steamers which came here from the United States, Now, as aship builder. and one acquainted with building large steamers. he did not hesitate to say there were not finer or better Luilt vessels than these American steamers, (Hear, hear.) The Atiantic had sustained a succession of severe gales which few ships could withstood; and when the was examined in the dry dock at this port,there was not the slightest appearance of any strain. She ex- hibited what he never saw before. It was well known that ships-of-war invariably settied about five inches; but the Atlantic did not vary an inch anda half. (ilear. hear.) There was not a frigate in the British navy that would not sink five inches, The sinking was shown by the copper; but there was not the slightest abrasion on the Atlantic, Last season I had the pleasure of spending several months in Europe, where an opportunity wasafforded me of visiting all the principal ship-yards, engine works, and steamers in Great Britain, and, as an American, I confess myself highly gratified at the Perel eal iol expressions which were frankly and liberally made by the most eminent ship and engine builders in favor of our mail steamers; and, were it not that this article is already too long, I would Fiat give these acknowledgments in detail. Several of the parties engaged in the construction of the famous Cunard steamers, admitted the necessity ofadeviation from their old beaten track before they could compete with us. TF shall ever hold in kind remembrance the many courtesies I received from our friendly rivals, and will close this artiele by expressing the belief that, if the Americans held the Collins steamers in the same estimation as do their rivals, all necossary a port from government would be cheerfully granted. E. W. Suira, Superintending Engineer to the New York, Southampton, and Bremen United States Mail Steamers. New York, March 15, 1852. N. B.—The ships of the Collins line have not only heen built in accordance with the specification fur- nished to the Secretary of the Navy, approved of by his board of constructors, and under the inspection of a naval constructor, which specification forms part of the contract, but their strength is vastly increased beyond what would have met fully the specification, and more than equal in strength to any of our naval steamers, * As’ Fair Play” dwells 66 much on the eost of the Collins steamers, I heg leave here to mention, while speaking of the Susquehanna. that she cost, without her guns, $692,000; while the Co steamers—nearly one third Inrger. and with forty per cent more power—cost $700,000 cach. Frost mm Grorora.—The Savannah Republican of the 20th instant says :—There was considerable frost in the vicinity of the city thie morning. though gardeners seem to be of the opinion that it would cause but little, if any. injury to vegetation. In higher latitudes—say in the middle and upper counties of the State—there is reason to fear that the fruit trees have suffered very much, The weather is still cold, and indicates another drovt to-night severer than that of this morning. ‘Weekly Report of Deaths In the City and County of New York, from the March te thie 20th day rel, 1852, Men, 77; Women, 74; Boys, U1; Girls, 16, Total, 398, i Sth day of Angurism’ 1 Fever puerperal. ‘ Apoplexy ‘Arphyxia x typhoid Asthinn, « Anginn Bleeding... 4... Biceding from womb, Bleeding froin lungs. Burned or ecalded Bro sense of Hooping congh, Inflammation... Inflammation of brain, Inflammation of bowels... Jnflammation of lungs. Caneer ol Tuflammation of ati Cancer, Inflammation of t Cholera Inflammation of hip Consumption . Convulsions . Croup. . Congestion of lungs Killed or murdered Lves vener Malformation . 9 Rheumatism Dropey in'the 20 Ruptnve, Dropsy in the 2 prewaed . | yHentery esas 6 Epilepsy. . Erysipolas .... Exposure Fracturs 4. eh toe . ‘Teething. Tumor of ear... % Unknown... 5 “1 Varieleid ; Feverinflamyaatiry. 4% ag i to WO years... .... Under 18 50 10 00 yenrs BtoB yo # to 70 years § to. 10 year 24 70 to SO yenrs.- 10 to 20 year 1s H) to. years 20 to 0 year 1 90 eoadbyenEs, i to 40 Year nknowit sy. PACES OF nitod tater, 376) Tire ; Y Scotland. 4; Gertwany, 28; France, 1: Hultand, 1 ‘italy, (; British Possessions in North America, ‘oth America, 1, om—JLospitel, Bellevue, &; Penitentiary, Blackwell's nd, 4; Asylum. do., 2; Randall's Island, 5; City Hospital, Ime it Blackwell's! Colored Home, 1; Co nd, 48, persons, Tnterments retarned from Wa van) Do. go 10 a— il) sga— 9 +108 a 112 Genesee Do. Michiga 100 allo a4 . Canadian, Rockland, e’sk, 120 a—— Debord 106 a 110 | LIQuoRs— By Du- randy J J bani bo. J COTTO, Middliny Do. DOM as Dow Sherry. birtings, bro..— 4kja— 516 | Lisbon... — Saye tenched— Sa= 694 | Siarsetiton Mea Do § jo 6 a 5 De Port... . ot Claret, cas 0. Brown dril'ng Suft. Copper Sh’g, Sheathing, oles Aum, bar, . English bar Norway ba: Russian do, ..+7 Swedes... beams, pr yu a—~— | E.SA. hoop. DRUGS & DYES— Sheet, Bl — an 44 Ruse sh Boiler p 4 pig, owt. 4.50 AD. 1534 0% Arsenic, pow ‘Asufortian .. Balsem Copav Balsam Toln, Balrao Peru, Bark Caliva Berries, Peri Berries, Turk’ Bichr’e Pota'h. Hrimstone, rol fireul.— 4ija— "er, pr ton.40— “42.50 axref, prlb—25 a— 26 mphor er...— 25 a— 2B e- 1— igi a Aim. per 100 = Do. white Eng. 1 — Liye S So Whiting, A bags al27s 575 a 676 Pork, Mess... 1000 al7 2h do. Prime WN al6— Hams,smoked.—— a—— ¢ Smoked Beet do. Cheese, Ib. PLASTE SALT— | Turke Island. — 19 | Liverpool, sack— 90 | “SEEDS Flax,clean,tee. 1275 Timothy, tee..1 Clover, 1b, ) y Otto Rose, or.. 4 PinkRoot,with ‘out to} inc NS SUGARS— St. Croix.. 10--a= 35: | peuenee teal, = S6— = SASSER Mo Ha aes taeal= em lodaAsh Wperc, 2iga— ‘ ie Sugar lead Evra * ee ae — 7% Sul. Quin. 02... oes Tartar, Acid,lb— 2iga— 254, BE go Tmnp Ravens, D BBeal oO 10 2 1— atid 89— |" and wrappere—25 8 1 0% $3 a—49 | Ploridawrap're— 15 9— 60 i = Conn. seed leaf— 5 a— 10 Cod,dryt12 bs. 3.25 ih 4 Do.” pied —3 0» 12 a— 1k Salmon, bbL, 1.14 25 9 a—1 Mac’), tierce... 20 — 19 a— 2s . 18 a— ze 2 a 4 9 a—W aH 9 -o Her'gs, F Do scale, box— 56 a— ce Do. No. i... — Sahea— a— Bt ; Sinyrni —13 s— 28 s+ OG a= 9 TSouthamianw— 9 a= 10 ck 400 525 | Mezlan, aw — 14 a 15 160 * 109 | Renaitlette bed 25 Ki — a) Logwood, Cam.20 do. 8t.Domingo!2 — do. Jamai H Ww al Raeewon skins. — 10 Mink +k Otter, N Do. South Martin skin Red fox, Ni Fur Se New York Dry Goods Market. ‘The demand continues to improve, though Southern business seems concluded for the season. ‘The Western dealers are beginning to arrive, and are making purchases against the opening of navigation, All speculation seems out of the question. and the business doing ie of # satis. factory kind, as nothing is over stimulated. Prices are low, but that does not tempt to heavy individual pur- chases, The Western merchants do not seem to be want- ing in money; the exports of staple goods continue large, being over 60 per cent grorter than lat, year. Brown shirtingsand sheetings are vory steady—there bas been little deviation in prices since January. Heavy goods are selling at 6%, a 6%e.; Moached goods are in limited supply, and prices stendy; drilis are very firm. as there is a short supply; browns sell to arrive, at 7 !4 On. uaburge are steady, with « demand equal to ¢ Demins are act al full prices, Stripes and ticks are moderately netive. but prices continue low. Printing cloths are inactive—prints of good designs and qualities ave active. but the poorer doseriptions « ry heavy. Gingham are in good request, at uniform prices” Lawns are in moderate request and steady in pi Delaines are in light rupp ufficient for the demand. whielt is not active, Cloths are in large supply, dull and heavy: thiers have bought unueundiy light thisceason, Cassi- ex and satinets are in limited request, and rates are dleelinings pri satinets are. however, firmer, Ken- tucky jeans are in good request.but at alow price. Tweeds lull and heavy. Flannels are in requcst at full prices n coolsare active, but mostly French goods at auc. tion, Figured and changeable silks ave in request, and rather searee, of good qualities. Foulard #i at auction, at prices favoring buyers, Black and plain silks are active. Delaines are dull, Printed cottons are uot favorites just now, but good styles are not plenty, WHITE, City Inspector. aboot jn either (he Mnglirh, French, or American ety City Tnepectez'e Office, Mereh 20, Ite Ribbons are active, and the new importations command good prices, Clothe are difficult to sell, amd wtock ie aeeus