The New York Herald Newspaper, February 26, 1852, Page 6

SRANCE MOVEMENT, MAINE LAW IN NEW YORK. Weport of the Spe Committee of the Assembly. Acnany, February Mr EL, Snow submitted the follo eccompanied by @ bill, enacting substantially tho Maive Law Your oo to whom was referred numerous a ons or repeal of the present nd for adopting stringent measures ession of intemperance, would respect- REPORT: That a change inthe present excise laws is not obly demanded by a large number of the citizans of this State, but that euch chapge, in the opinion of your committee, would be highly advantageous to the morals of tho community, and add much to ite wealth and prosperity. It must be promised that the present excise laws were adopted at a time when public opinion was entirely different from what it now is, and when the uso of Deere | drinks was held, if not beneficial, at least not detri- mental, nor were they intended to suppress, but merely to regulate, the traflicinthem. The light which bas been thrown on this subject, withina few years, bas not only proved tho fallacy of this opinion, but has produced an entire new one in the public mind. Few now beliove that the use ‘of intexicating liquers as a beverazgo is beneficial to men ip health, while their instrumentality for every bad purpore, and their agency in producing crime and perism, with their inc:dents, suffering and taxation, are demonstrable. Scarcely an instance ef violent infraction of the law, or of the poace of society, from the commonest assault to the most horrid murder, but what is traceable to the influ- ence of intoxicating drinks. To the same cause is attributable four-fifths of the pauperism which bur- dens society. The statistics, presented in a report to the Legislature of this State in 1819, are abun dant to show the truth of this opinion. To this, however, we would add the late report of the Chief of Police of the city of New York — From this it appear, that there have been 150.640 porsons ar- rested in a period of two ard a half years, of whom 18,993 were for assault and battery, 25,164 for dia- orderly condust, 2.645 for fighting in the streets, 44,333 for intoxication, 35,048 for intoxication and disorderly conduct, and 14,500 for vagranoy, mak ing 140,783 for offences resulting almost entirely from the free ure of intoxicating drinks There wero 18,458 arrests made during the six | months ending with Decomber 31, 1851, being ea | increase over the provious six months of 6,503, con- | sisting mostly cf persons arrested for intoxication, | or offerces resulting therefrom. There were six- teen persons arrested for murder, making thiriy- | ix arrested for that offence during tho yoar 1851. | Tke total number of licensed and unliconsed | drinking houses in that city is stated at 5,910, yh hitherto, the Legislature, whiod has evor lsgis- fated on kindred subjects, has not interfered to correct or remedy the evil. Of the right of each | State or community to protect itself from such a | state of things, there can bo no doubt. No char- | tered privileges or constitutional provisions oan, | from the very nature of the case, override such a | oars oie Your committee are of the opinion that it is | far better and wiser to prevent the evil in ques- | tion, and to remove its cause, than to apply re- | medies that reach not its source, and impose no cheok upon the vast and increasing tide of pauper- ism and crime. They also believe that nothing but a stringent lawcan accomplish the object desired, and they | can see no reason why a traflic which is productive of unmixed evil should be entitled to much forboar- noe, or should not be dealt with ascording to its deserts. Tothe passage of such alaw there can be no well foundes objection from any quarter, and | NO opposition except from class interest or from ap- | petite, neither of which, it is presumed, should have | much weight in a matter of legislation affecting the | whole State, not only in respect to its morals but to | its ete wealth. The consumption of iatoxi- | cating drinks contributes nothing to the general Promreciey, Thet for which the consumor expends money in no manner benefits him or his family. It neither feeds, clothes, nor sheliers him, and is wholly worthless. Every principle, then, of poli- tical economy, #8 well seevery moral consideration, is arrayed ogainst the sale of intexicating liquors asa beverege. It is nothirg now that reformatory legislation should be opposed in large cities. hero is ever quite a number who live on vice. When laws were being parred for the suppression ef lottery- ‘vending and gambling, they were resisted by class interest, and the hubits of thoge pergonally inte- rested ; but this opporition is the very reason why euch Jaws should be paseod ; for, freyuontiy, the | amount of opposition isa true criterion of the ex- tent of the evil to be remedied, and shows the ne- ccesity for the propored enactment of the law. While your committee believe that an entire ehange of the excise law would be beneficial to the whole State, they do not believe that it will serio ly affect the class interests arrayed against su obange. Let the Legislatureevact what law it may aid ard to the traffis in intoxicating drinks, the capita invested in that traflic is not destroyed. It remains to be diverted into other and more healthy and productive channels, whereby the whole commuzity is benefitted, and none are in- jured. Even the petty, dealer in intoxicatin; rink, now a nuisanecwhose den no Sabbat closer, and whose capital is not much larger than his beggared customers’—as well as the wretched inobriste himself, will be converted into useful oiti- zens, and instead of unproductive consumers, be- oome producers, adding alike to their own happi- nese and the wealch of the State. Every member of the community, then, is benefited by the sup- pression of this demoralizing traflic. | The age in which we live is one of progress— progress in the arts, the sciences, in pres in education. Surely it should be in legislation also. One country learns from another, and one | State from another, what best promotes the ends of civil government, and wisely adopts every mani- fest improvement One of the great States of this ration has ceased from all attempts to regulate the traffic in intoxicating drinks, and has adopted the system of suppression, for which a majority of your petitioners ask this body. The experiment ofa law in that State (the State of Maine) entirely sup- pressing the sale for other than medical and artistic purposes, has been tried fer eight months, and the results, thus far, are of the most interesting and important character. The law was created June 2, 1851. In his report to the Board of Aldermen and Common Council of the city of Portland, January 15, 1852, bis Honor the Mayor says:— I think it is not exaggeration to ray that the quantity | of intoxicating liquors now scld in this city, except by the city egent, is not one fifteenth part so great as it was seven months ago, and the ealutary effects of this great improvement ace apparent among the people in all parts of the city. The amount of liquors consumed in the State, 1 think, ie not one quarter a0 great ur it was seven months ago, and it will become less very rapidly. as the people in the country towns are enforcing tue law more extepeively and rigcrously every day. From many towns In the State, the illegal treflic is entirely banished. The master of the Alms Lioure har rubmitted to me the follow. ing returns, which show the effect of the law upon that establichment:—Admitted into the Alms House fiom Jan- | uary 1 to December 51, 1860, 200. Admitted to the house from January 1 to December 50. 1851, 202, Average uum- ber through the year wae 1(6. Numbers of faintiies as, sisted out of the bouse, from June | to December 51 1850 wasé0 Average number through the y wae 3 Number of families avsisted out of the 2 1 to December 20, 1851, was 40 members; b t Deo. 1850 107 members. In the house, Dee 1861, £0 bere, Committed to the House of Correction for drank. eoners, from Jan. 1 to Mey 31, 1860, (six months) 49; | committed from Jan. 1 to May 31, 1851, (five months) 34; from June 1 (the law was approved June %) to Uctober 16, | ‘was eight; from October 16 to December 31, none; from June 1 to December 31, (seven months) 8. The House of Correction is now empty. The number of commitments | to the jail of this county for drupkennegr, assault and larceny, from June 1 to December 31, 1856, was 192. For | the same months for 1861,the number was 89, and for 3 | montbe of 1561, there were 68 liquor sellers imprisoned, | ‘while in 1660 there were none. The law was in general operation kere by the let of Angust, 1461, and from that | time to December 31, there were 9 commitments for lar- ceny, while for the corresponding monthe of 1850, there | were 16 commitmen's for that offence. There were oom- mited to the watch be 1850, 832 persone; in t 162 Lert in Octob c from June 1 to December 31, | corresponding months of 1861, | November, and December, 1850. iu all 196; the same montns of k by thoee conuected with the night police and watch. Similar reeults have followed in tho cities of Ban or and Augusta, from the enforcement of the jaw ‘The Mayor of Portland ia of opinion that tho law will reduce the taxes ef the State at least threo- | fourths, and that no less than to millions of dol- lare, now annually wasted uponintoxicating driaks, | will be secured to the people. Tose interesting facts show most cloariy, that, without allusion to | moral considerations, the bearings of this legisla- | tion are great in political economy; and if, through | the ixflaence cf similar legislation, instead of a po- | litereport in the city of New York of the commit mente, in eix years, of 140,792 persons for offences resulting almost entirely from the sale and use of intoxicating drioks. we can have, in six years to come, reports of jails and poor-houses compara- tively tenantlese, we shall have attained one of tho great onds of civil government. The committee are aware of an apprebension that the law thus asked for to prevent pauperism and crime, and our enormous taxation, cannot be en- forced. They can only say, all assertions to this effect is begging the question. Tho experience of other Etates teaches us the contrary; and the com- 6 would be low to believe that the citizens of ole State are lees moral or law-abiding than tho citizens of other States; nor will they listen to a declaration that her just and righteous Jaw may be defined with impunity. ‘But, it is said, | People axe not prepared for it.” Objegtions cur | jestice, on trial of such action or complaint, hes | appeal, and pay all ooste, of this kind come with a bad odor from those who wish its nop-enforcement. The people of the State of New York are the last to be charged with a want ofreadiness to sdopt improvements. Her Prompt action in canals and railroads, telegraphic commu- nications, and other sshemos of thrift and pros- perity, though injurious to chartered rights and privileges, aifords an asdurance that she will be ready to recoive and sustain, throughout the State, a legislation which will almoat clear her of paupsr- ism and crime, and save to her citizens annually millions of dollars. The petitioners, to the numbor of several hundred thousands, represents a vast body of our citizens in all ranks of society, who will sustain the law do manded, and on their side is every consideration of ft morals and sound policy. Your committee ve carefully examined the employment and pur- suits of those petitioning for, and those remonstra- ting against this law. Of the latter, numbering several thousand, a large portion are belioved to have, directly, or indirectly, a pocun‘ary and selfish interest in the traffiotobe suppresied, or are its ous- tomers or employees. They submit how much such an opposition should weizh against the disinterested multitude who ask for the law. Your committee are awaro, too, that many of those petitioning are women. So far from this boing an objection, it is a strong argument in favor of tho law. No class suffers so much and so directly from the traflic as sey ‘The wages which should support them and their families, too frequently go to brata- lize their husbands and swell the profits of the seller of intoxicating drinks, whose remonstranoe is a vir- tual petition that he may be siill allowed to beggar and crush women and children, by selling iatoxica- ting drinks to besotted husbands and fathers. Your committee believe the time has come when the questions must be met. On tho side of the re monstrants is capital; on the side of the potitioners is virtue and anteliigence! Appoaled to by sufferia, porary and crime, it remains to be sean which will be listened to. In response to tho latter, and in tho belief that the legislation asked for is the only one of any use whish can and will be sustained, your committee recommend the following bill:— Ernaaim L. Syow, Joun Wueecer, Avrrep N. Hangr. AN ACT, ENTITLED AN ACT TO PREVENT PAUPERISM, CRIME AND TAXATION, BY THE SUPPRESSION OF DRINK: ING AND TIPPLING HOUSES The People of the State of New York, represented im Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows:— Section 1. No person shall bo allowed, at any time, to sell, by himself, his clerk, servant, or agent, directly or indirectly, or to sell or furnish, under pretence of giving any spirituous or intoxi- cating liquors, or any mixed liquors, a part of which ie epirituoas or intoxicating, oxcopt as here- inafter provided. Sgc.2 The Supervisor of any town, and tho Mayor of any city, on the first Tuesday in Juno apnually, or as soon thereafter as may bo con- | venient, may sopolns some suitable person, who shall not be an inn or tavern keeper, in eash town and city, or ward of any city, as the agent of said town, city or ward, to sell at somo central acd convenient place within said town, city or ward, spirits, wines, or other intoxicating liquors, to be used for medicinal, mechanical aad sacra- mental purposes, and no other; and said agent shall Teceive such compensation for his services as the officer appointing him shall prescribe; and shail, in the sale of euch liquors, conform to such rules | and regulations as the Supervisor or the Mayor aforesaid shall prescribe for that purpose. And | gent, appointed as aforesaid, shall hold his ion for One year, unless sooner removed by | the officer from whom he receivei his appoint- ment, as he may be at any time at the pleasure of said officer. | Sec 3. Such agent shall roceive a certificate | from the officer by whom he has been appointed, | authorizing him, as the agent of such tows, city or | ward, to sell intoxicating liquors for medicinal, | mecharical or sacramental purposes only; but such certificate shall not bo delivered to the person so | appointed until he shall have execated and de- | livered to said officer a bond, with two good and | sufficient sureties in the sum of six hundred dollars, | in substance as follows :— Know all men that we —— as principal, and —- and —— as sureties, are held and firmly bound to | the inhabitants of the town of ——, (er city, as tho case may be,) in the sam of six hundred dollars, to | be paid them, to whish payment we bind ourselves, | our heirs, executors and administrators, firmly by these presents. Sealed with.our seals, and dated | this —— day of —-A.D. —. The condition of | this obligation is such, that, whoreas, the above | bourden —— has been duly appointed an agent for | the town, city or ward of ——, to soll, withia and for, and on account of, said town, city or w: in- toxicating liquors for medicinal, mechanical and faoramental purpores, and no other, until the —— of —A ——, unless sooner removed from such agency. . Now, if the said —*— shall in all reepects conform to the provisions of the law, ro- lating to the business tor which he is appointed, and to such rules and regulations OW are, or shall be from time to time, established by the officer making the appointment, then this obliga. tion to be void, otherwise to remain in fall force. Src 4. Ifeny person, by himeelf, clerk, servant or agent, shall at any time sell any spirituous or intoxicating liquors, or any mixed liquors, part of which are intoxicating, in violation of the provi- sions of this act, (always excepting the manufactur- er or importer, who may seil to such agent or hae or to persons engaged in chemical or me- chanical employments, for their epecific objects, or to such person or persons as may be conducting or transporting the liquor er liquors to some placo in | or out of the State for lawful sale,) he shal! forfoit and pay on the first conviction ten dollars and the cost of prosecution, and shall stand committed antil the came be paid; on the second conviction he shail pay twenty dollars and the cost of prosecution, and shall stand committed until the same be paid; on the third and every subsequent conviction, he shall pay twenty dollars and the cost of prosecution, and | ehall be imprigoned in the common jail not less than three months nor mere than six months; and if any clerk, servant, agent or other person in the employ- ment or onthe premises of another, shall violate the provisions of this section, he shall be beld cqually guilty with the principal, and on conviction shall suffer the same penalty. Sxc. 6. Any forfeiture or penalty arising under the above section may be recovered by the action of debt or complaint before any Justice of the Peace, or Judge, or any Municipal or Pelics Court, inthe county where the offence was committed. And the forfeiture so recovered, ehall go to the town | or city where the convicted party resides, fer the ue of the peor, after deducting the costs of prose- cution, including counsel fees; and the prosecutor or complainant may be admitted as a witness on the trial. And if any Supervisor or Mayor shall approve of the commencement of any sucn suit, by endorsing his name upon the summons or complaint, the defendant shall, in no event, recover any corts. And it shall be the duty of tho Mayor and Alder- men, or Overseer of the Poor of any eity, and the Supervisor or Overseer of the Poor of any town, to commence an action in behaif of said town, city or ward, againet any person guilty of @ violation of any of the provisions of this act, on boing informed of the same, and being furnished with proof of the fact. Sxc. 6. In case the Mayor, or any Alderman, or Overseer of the Poor, or Supervisor of any city or ward, or the Supervisor or Overseer of the Poor of any town, shall fail to perform the duties assigned bim by the last preceding section, any ether porson may assume and perform the eome, in the name of the Overseer of the Poor or Supervisor, by giving security tothe court or officer before *hom ho pro- sceutes, for the payment of all costs if he ehall fail to recover judgment, and making oath that sach Overseer or Supervisor has bad (10) ten days no- tee cf the offence, and has neglected to prosecute the same; and in all cases of euch recovery under thie geo'ion, one-balf of the som recovered shall go to the complainant or pereon prosecuting in the pame of ench Supervisor or Overseer of the Poor. Sec.7 If any person shall claim an appoal from @ judgment rendered agaicst him by any judge j a before the aypeal be allowed, recognize ia the sum of one bundred dollars, with two good and sufficient eurctics in every case so appealed, to proseoute his ines and penalties that my be awarded against him upon a final disposi- tion of suit or complaint. And before his appeal hall be allowed, he shall also, in every case, gives bond, with two other good and sufficient suretios, running te the town or city where the offence was | committed, in the eum of two hundred dollars, that he will not, during the pendency of such appeal, vi- vers of | suit, in any court proper to olate any of the provisions of thisact. And no re cognizance or bond shall betaken in cases arising under this act, except b bg coh or judge before whom the trial was bed. ‘The forfeiture for all bonds and recognizance given in pursuance of this act, shal) go to the town or city where the offence was committed, for the use of the poor; and if the | ala and bonds mentioned in this section sha) the judgment, the appeal shall not be allowed; the defendant in the meantime to stand committed Sec. § ~The Mayor of any city, and the Super- visor of any town, whenever complaint shall be made to them that a breach of the conditions of the bond given by any person appointed under this act, has been committed, shall notify the person Made ae hes of; ardif, upon @ hearing of the parties, it shall appear that any breach has been committed, they eball revoke and make void his arpointment. And whenever a breach of any bond given to the inhabit- ants of any city or town, in pursuance of any of the provisions of this act, ehall be made known to the Mayor aud Aldermen, or Supervisor, ony manner come to their knowledge, they, or some one of them, shall, at the expense and for the use of said city or town, cause the bond to be putin tho same. in the unlawfal traf- Src. 9 —No h engages 3 liquor auall be oowspetenk to alt Goin intoxicnt Pakhie as not be given within forty-eight hours after | or shall in | upon any jury in any case arising under this act. And when information shall be communicated to the court, that any member of any panel is engaged in such traffic, or that ho is believed to be so engaged, the court shall inquire of the j of whom such belief is entertained, and no answer which he shall make ehall be used against him, in any case arising under this act; but if be shall answor falsely, he shall be incapable of serving on any jury in this State; but he may decline to answer, in which case he shall be discharged by the court from all further attendance ag a juryman. Sec. 10. All cases arising under this whether by action, indictment, or complain all take precedence in eaid court of all other cept those criminal cases in which actually under arrest awaiting a A court and prosecuting officer shall ni authority toenter a wolle proseqwt, or to put ths cause over in any case arising under this act, ex- cept when the purpose of justice shall require it. Sec. 11. If any three persons, voters in the town or city where the complaint shali be made, shall, before any Justice of the Peace or Judge of any Municipal or Police Court, make complaiat, under oath or affirmatien, that they have reason to be- lieve, and do believe, that spirituous or intoxicat- ing liquors, by some person not authorized to sell tho same in said city, ward or town, under the pro- visions of this act, are kept, or deposited, in an: store, shop, warehouse, or other building, vessel, float or place in said city, ward or town, said Jus- tice or ‘hace shall issue his warrant of search to any Sheriff, City Marshal or Deputy, or to any Constable, or Special Marshalor Constable, to be appointed by the Judge or Court, who shall pro- ceed to search the premises described in said war- rant, and if any spiritous or intoxicating li- quors sre found therein, he shall seize the same and convey them to some proper place of security, where ho shal! kcop them until fiaal action is had thereon. But no dwelling house in which, or in part of which, a shop is not kept, suall bo searcted, unless at least cae of snid complainants shall testify to sowe act of sale of intoxicating liquors therein, by the cocupant thereof, or by his consent or permission, within at least one month of the time ef making said complaints, acd con- trary to this act. And the owner er keoper of liquore, seized as aforesaid, if he a! be known to the officer seizing the came, shall be summoned forthwith before the Justice or Ju by whose warrant the liquor was seized, and if he fails to appear, or unless he can show by positive proof that be lawfully holds under the provisions of this act, they shall be declared forfeited, and shall bo destroyed by authority of the written order te that effect, of said Justice or Judge, and in his presence, orin tho presence of some person Sppolaied by him to witrees the destruction thereef, and who shall join with the efficers by whom they shall have boon destroyed, in attesting the facts upon the back of the order by authority of which it wasdone. And the pereon in whose possession the liquor was Sane eel! pay tho oosts, or stand committed until paid. Sec. 12. it shall be the duty of any Mayor, Al- derman, Supervisor, Asressor, City Marshal, or de- puty, or Constable, or police officer, if he shall have information that any intoxisating liquors are kept or sold in avy tent, shanty, hut or place of any kind, for selling refreshments in any public plase on or near the ground of any cattle shew, agricul- tural exhibition, mili:ary muster, or public occasion of any kind, to search such su-pectcd place, and if such officer shall find upon the premises any intoxi- cating drinks, he shall seize thom, and arrost the keeper or keepers of such place, and take them forthwith, or as soon as may be, before any Justice or Judge of a Municipal or Police Court, with the liquors eo found or seized; and upon proof that such liquors are intoxisating, that they were found in the possession ofthe acoused, in a tent, shanty, or other place as aforesaid, he or thoy shall pay the costs of prosecution, and shall be sentenced to | imprisonment in tho county jail forthirty days, and the liquors co seized ahall be destroyed by ordor of justice or judge. 3. Itany person arrested under the precoding section, and sentenced as aforesaid, shali claim an spree! before his appeal shall be aliowed ho shall give a bondin the sum of one hundred dollars, with two goed and sufficient sureties, that ho will pri cute his appeal and pay all fines, costs and penal which may bo awarded against him. And if, on such appeal, the verdict of the jury shall be against him, he shail, in additien to the penalty awarded | | by the lower court, pay a fine of twenty dollars. In | a)l cages of appeal, under this act, from the jadg- ment of a Justice or Judge of any Municipal or Po lice Court, te the Courty Court, they shall be oon- ducted in said County Court by the prosscuting officer of the govern nent, and eaid officers shall bo entitled to receive all costs taxable to the State in criminal proceedings under this act, in addition to the salary allowed to auch oflicer by law; but no costa, in such cages, shall be remitted or redaced by the prorecuting officer of the court. In any suit, complaint, indictment, or other proceeding against any pereon for a violation of any of the provisions of thie act, otber than for the first offence, it shall not be requisite to set forth, particularly, the record of a former conviction, but it shall be sufficient to allege, briefly, that sach person has been convicted of a violation of the fourth section of this act, and such allegation, in any civil or criminal process, in ary stage of tho proceedings, before fina! jadgmont, ney be amended without terms, and as a matter of right. Sec. 14 All payments or oomponsations for iquors sold in violation of law, whether ia money, labor, or other Toe: either real or persosal, sbali be held and considered to have been received in violation of law and without consideration, and sgainst law, equity, aud a good conscience; and all sales, trapsters, and conveyances, mortgages, lieas, attachments, pledges, and secarities of every kind, which either in whole or in part shall have beonfor, or cn account of, spirituous or intoxicating liquors, sba!l be utterly null and void against all persoas and in all cases, avd no rights of any kind shall be acquired thereby; and in any sction, either at law or equity, touching such real er personal estate, the purchaser of such liquors msy be a witness for either party. And no action of any kind shall bo maintained in any court in this State, either in whole or in part, for intoxicating or spiritaous liquors sold in any other State or country whatev tained in any court in this Stato, for the resovery or possession of intoxicating or spirituous liquors, or the value thereof. Sgc. 15. All acts inconsistent with this act are hereby repealed. This act shall take effect oa the first Monday of July next, and no license to sell Pee ete drinks shall bo valid from and after that day. juperlor Court. Before Lion. Judge Bandford. A COACH WITH FIVE WHEELS. Fen. 24.—Join C. Ham, vs. Edward B Little —The plaintiff, a on AS & carriage reporitory, No. 340 Broad- ‘wey. was a to, om the part of the defendant, to build for the @ first class carriage, for which the plaintiff was to pay him $660. A carriage with five wheels was built and delivered to defendant ia July, at Senerane first class Metin bg which, de- fendant alleges, not correspond with the agreement, being made of inferior and seoond-hend materials, and which broke down the second time it was used. It wis repaired and sent home, and broke down a recond time. Plaintiff sent in his bill, but defendant refused to pay it, and returned the c: ceive. Plaintiff denied the guaranty alleged by de- fendant, and suit is brought to recover the price agrecd on, $650, and also $15 for repairs ‘The proof of warranty being conflicting, it was left to the jury to pass upon pg eet who returned a verdict for ths piaiatift r . Before Chief Justice Oakley. Alleged Slander Robert W. Shufeldt vs Cornelius Bo- the United States pavy, and was first officer on board | the steamship Atlantic when the absence of that vessel | caused so much alarm for her safety. When the Atlan- | tic put back add in Europe, Mr. Shufeldt came to New York, where arrival, he was eurprired to find hia house entered one morning by & custom house officer charged with emuggling. The plai that that slanderous charge origi s gardus, The defence is, that Mr, Bogardus being in the coves houee, the communication was privileged one on his pert. Bamuel Lofarge, being examined for the plaintiff de een he resides in Sackett strest Brooklyn ; I was inspector of custome in February last; I had an interview with Mr. Bogardus at the custom house, but can't tell the month without looking at the afldavit; I | foond Mr Bogardus, the collector, and surveyor, and the | private rectetary. together; Mr. Bogardus said that the | first cMicer of the Atlantic hed arrived in the United States, end be (Bogardus) was informed that be bad ia hip porrceston come twenty-five thousand dollara worth cf dismonds; he then told me he wouid meet me outside the ocllector’s cflce, and finish the conversation; he ther gave me the particulars; he told me that he was in- formed that Mr. Bhofeldt hed exhibited the diamonds at wn Cflioe in Nassau street; that they were in hia pon- ressicn, in percels. entrusted to him, he believed, to de- | Jover to perties here, without paying the dury,and that | be (Bogardus) believed the information to be cor- rect, end recommended me to maks the affidavit, and make the seorch; he stated, at the same time, that while he should claim to be the informer, yot pg came out of it. be should give the proceeds tothe person that gave bim the information; we then reperated, and I told Mr, Bogardus that I would take lite Gime to think of it; shortly after, I met Mr. Bo- gerdus at the corner of P oud Naseau,in company with Mr Giilinaud; he said tome, “Mr Lefarga, here is Mr Giilinenc, who gave me the Information,” he them | requested Mr. G. to tell me what he bad told him, which war done; we went to get @ directory, to find ont the | reridence of Mr. Shufeldt, which was ascertained; I don’t | know whether it was Mr Bogardus or Gillinaud who gave the name of the firrt officer of the Atlantic; the name bo wae given Was Shufeldt, Q.—What did you doafter | that’ Mr. Sandford objected to what tI given in evidence sgainet the defen Mr Sandford moved fora dism on the ground that the commun! was made by Mr. Bogardus in his in the Custem House to a Custom complaint was thereupon disminsed. Witp Cats Anovt.—A large wild 8 shot in Ulster county, last week, yo ey eas witness did being nt. of the complaint, ion, if made at all, ity as an offisial louse offloer, The sor shall asy action of any kind be had or main- | }, Which plaintiff declined to re- | rordus —The plaintiff in this case wasa lieutenant in | family reside; and shortly after his | ows the defendant, and partially knows the plaintiff; | POLITIOS OF THE DAY. Review of Political Affairs in tho South- ern States, MARYLAND. The following correspondence, which wo oxtrao! from the Baltimore Argus, indicates the choice of the democrats of Maryland. Nothing like roast beof and two dollars a day:”— Barrimone, Feb 20, 1852. Hon. Lewis Cass:—Dear Sir—On the part of the youxg democracy of Old Town, of the Sixth ward, allow ‘us, the officers and members of the Hoovers Club,” of Baltimore oity,to present you, asa testimony of our regard and esteem for you asa patriot and states man, and an unflinching demoorat, for your unceasing efforts in our country’s behalf, in the hour of danger. in promise measures, thereby savi' beef, named at its birt! %§ taised and slaughtered by Mr. Hen- v7 Pents, of Oid Town, Baltimore, ; 08 dear sir, your obedient servant M. HAYS, Prosdont, is ROBERT E. HASLETT, Recording Beo'y., G. W. CLAOKNER, Correspon: Beo'y., WM. BUSNS, Treasurer Empire Club. Wasninoton Orry, Feb. 21, 1852. Gantirmen—I am very much obliged to the young democracy of “ Old Town,” and especially to the officers and members of the “ Empire Club” of Baltimore, for the splendid piece of beef, a portion of my namesake, which you have been good enough to send me. I have never seen a more beautiful specimen of the advanced con- dition of that branoh of the farming interest which is de- voted to the improvement of the domestic animals, than it furnishes, But while I thank you for this mark of yeur kindness, Ithank you still more for those patrictic sentiments, which sink deep into the American heart and which evince an attachment to the Union and constitution of theee States, which neither external nor internal denger can weaken or destroy. The day, devoted through the country to the memory of bim who was first inthe st) vggle for independence, and first in the organization of the government, and will ever be firet in the affections of the American people, is a good to renew our fealty to the principles he professed and practised, and to tho institutions which were the objects of his ceaseless care and labor during life, and of his anxiousselicitude in the hour of death. We shall best show our reverence for his memory by carefully guarding from injury and violation the precious legacy he bequeathed to us. 1m, gentlemen, with great regard, truly your friend, LEWI3 Cass. Meears. Hays, President, &c., Haslett, Ulackner, Burns MISSOURI. The Lexington (Mo.) Chromicle contends that Gen. Cassis the favorite of the Missouri democrats, notwithstanding the opposition of Benton, Blair and company; and that the State will go the Baltimore ticket, whother it ia Cass, Douglas, Butler, Buch- anan, or any other well tric: likely. domoorat. Vory MISSISSIPPI. Ja not one of the Southern States has the con- test between the Union party and the Southern Rights party been distinguished with greater | bitterness on both sides, or more conclusive results | in behalf of the Wnion and the compromise mea- eures, then the late fierce and decisive contest in Mississippi. The most remarkable resul:, how- ever, is the manner in which the late U. S. Senators, Foote and Davis, have been disposed | of—the first the champion of the Union | party, and the latter the loader of the South- ern Rights party. Both resigned while ruo- ning for Governor ; and though each was under- stood, after the Governor's election, to be a oan- didate sgain for the Senate, both have been superseded, and their places filled by a Union democrat and a Union whig. The approach of the Presidential election, however, has led to amovemont for a compromise between the secession and Union divisions of the democracy, ani if this ig accom- plished, the whigs of Mississippi will be throwa again into a minority of from 7,000 to 10,000 in the State. The Vicksburg Sen’ late Southern rights, has re-assumed its old charaster of a demo cratic organ, and in referenee to a i ultras and Unionists of the party, sa) Hence it is that we say, “Judging from igns of the times, the Baltimore convention will be a barmonious | bedy, and the result of its labors an important political | event ” We predict that its labors will be harmonious, | for the evil that has grown out of a want of harmony in | the party, of late. is apparent toall. They have learned that when a diversity of interests are represented, there will necessarily be a diversity of opinions, aud henes, to arrive at the great end in view, each must concede some —all must compromise. To make such concession aud compromise for good, we think all are now dispor The Natchez Courier (whig) is very naturally indignant at the atrocity of the proposed coalition, especially as it looks to a fraternizing in the Balti- more Convention with the barnburners and free soil democrats ef the North; but it i ifest that the real danger te the whigs of Mississippi is, that in the reorganization of the democrats, the whig party of that State will bo left in its position of a | hopeless minority. The Union party having \snothing more to do, it is evidently tending to a col- Japee. The Union party and Southern Rights party have both appointed dolegates to Baltimore, and one or the other will have to back out. It is | easy to guess which. ALABAMA. It has been proposed, by a Union State Con- vention, at Alabama, to hold a separate Union Na- tional Convention at Washington, and Bolser, a distinguished ree. and Serator Clemens, a vo: erratic politician, but for the last two years a lead- ing Union democrat, have been named as delegates at large, a8 our readers have been heretofore ad- vied, to attend the said convention. Mr. Clemens, however, does not 8 to relish the idea of being exiled from Baltimore, and from a late letter inthe Washington Union, is rather inclinetl to insist that the Union eae of the South are the true de- mocracy. The Southern ee party of Alabama, on the other hand, adopting again the ancient | name of the democratic party, have also had their | State convention, and from the character of their proceedings, and the tone of their journals, it is clear that they will attend at Baltimore; and so, Mr. Clemens, and the Union democrats who have been acting with the whigs, must choose ene of three alternativee—-they must keep up the Union party, or knock under to the State ts party, or come boldly out and join the whig party and go fur General Scott. The current of events is driving the Union party to its dissolution. The compromise measures aro established. Secession is silenced. The Union party, as such, bas no targible capital to work upon; it is dropping to pieces, and we very much fear that, instead of being a delegate to the pro- posed outside convention at Washington, Mr. Cle mens will contrive to get a ticket to the democra- tic eanbedrim at Baltimore. The Advertiser and Gazette, published at Montgomery, says:— Never have the proceedings of a body met with a more hearty and unanimous response, than those of the late Democratic Convention of this State. From one end of 4 zealous approbation. The truth is, we have no doubt but that the late hagel-trtes & differences have served asa kind of stimulus to unite the democracy and State rights men more firmiy together. Be this as it may, however, one thing is certeiu, that the democratic party of Ala: bama were never more harmonious and thoroughly | united than they are at this preeent writing. GEORGIA. The Union party of Georgia ere in anugly snarl. Mr. Toombs, (whig,) and his leading Union party organs have proposed that they send their dole- |g to the Baltimore Convention, on the ground the de mocratic party is the only national Union pr y. But from the letter of Mr. Stephens, a col- league of Mr. Toombs in the Union movement— which letter we fo to-day—it will be seon that ho opposes the Milledgeville plan, and goes for the Alabama plan of a separate organization, and for a State convention on the subjsct. The Augusta Chromicle and Sentinel, a leadiog Union bed oy (formerly whig), sa: ‘he South, if she would act in concert, has the power in her own hands, and could elect her own President | without difficulty. But there are too many local aspi- rente for place, the only hope for whose suocess, in the estimation of their friends, is in adhering to their old party organizations. Hence we tuch expressions of | conddence as those of the Tennessee Convention issuing from various sections of the South. Suppose the four- teen Southern States shouid unite, and cast votes for any one candidate, Such @ thing might readily be done, by nominating a reliable man upen the compro. mise question, and of enlarged, liberal, and conservative views, in relation to other questions that have hitherto divided parties. Does any man suppose that, with the yote of fourteen States, (the election in the Houre,) he would be defeated’ Buch a result could scarcely be porsible, when the other reventeen States would be di- vided necessary between two other candidates. This theory, so far from Rete pessoal, is hardly lausible. Bat what are the Union party to do? ing compored partly of whigs and partly of demo- crate, they cannot, asa separate party, adopt the old party, doctrines of cither Baltimore or Philadel- phia. They must act independently, or collapse, and fall back into thoir old party asaociations. The alternative will soon be decided. Tho Union party are soon to held a State Convention, at Mil- ledgeville, to decide upon their course; and tho democratic party (late Southern Leh hed fre to hold | # similar convontion at tho same place, of Merch. As in Mississippi aad Alabama, so it appears in Goorgia, the democrats of the Union party are falling back into their old ranks again, and the whigs will be left to shift for themselves. ‘We ehall sce. ‘TENNESSEE. ‘The whigs of Tennessee havo indicated Prosident Fillmore as their preferonce for the coming oam- The democrats are quiet, pulling Mel oa 1) 0 old party harness, and looking forward wi Christian resignation to the ticket and platform of the Baltimore Convention. VIRGINIA. | sectional either in their character or objeots. on the Slat |” Most of the whig pressos of Virginia havo ox- | promsed their proference of Mr. Fillmore over all other osndidates. His last eammer campaigns in the Old Dominion, and his speoches in favor of on- forcing the Fugitive Slave law, did him somo good in that quarter. The demoorats are easy, and oaly expect this time that _Hanter, or Stevenson, or Floyd, or eowoe otber Virginian, will be run as the Baltimore can tidate for Vise President With re- gard to the policy of the whigs of the South, the Peersburg (Va ) Intelligencer says :— It would be unwise in the whig party of the South to come to any defisite conclusion as to whether or not they Will be represented in the convention. The whig con- vention, we hops, will not meet at an early day; end, in the meantime, there may be developments which will de- termine conclusively what is the tras policy of tne whigs of the South § Of che thing, howover, we are very well aseured—that the whiis of the h, whether repre- sented in the convention or not ote for no candi- date, mo matter by whom nominated, who will not come out with an emphatic ecadorsement of the Compromise, anda distinct pledge to resist the doctrine of interven tion. P. S —In a short time we shs!l have more lich. Thirge ore come into something like ship shapo inthe South. The Union party will be absorb», unless the two old parties at Philadelphia and Bul timore should juggle too freely with free soil. [f they do not, then the antislavay party of the North will have a finger in the pie—a separate tioket—s0 that we are bound to have trouble in eno section or the other. Wo apprehend it will bo with the anti-slavery party. t the whigs aud de- moorats cipherit out. It isa nice problem The Union Party in Georgia. LETTER FROM MR STEPHENS ‘From the Auguste (Ga.) Chronicle and Sentinel | ‘e noed scarcely remark that tho snbjeined letter from the Hon A. H. Stephens, in reply to ono from a gentleman in tho interior of the State, and which we are authorized to publish, affords us sin- core gratification. 5 It is just such a letter as we expected from him, on the question which it disoueses with so mush point, force and ability, and cannot failto command the respect of, if it should not carry conviction to, all olasses of readers. Wasurnaton City, Feb 7, 1852. My Dear Sir :—Your estoemed favor, of the 2d inst , wae received yesterday. You ask what I think of the late movement of our friends in Mil- ledgeville In reply, | say, briefly and plainly, that so far as it may be considered as indisating the expression ef an opinion in favor of sending delegates to the Baltimore Convention, I am ut- bac! opposed to it. ‘he first and second ef the resolutions of that meeting have my cordial approval. The first ro- affirms the principles of the constitutional Union party, and reiterates a determination to adhere to them. The second provides for the call of a con- vention inthe State, at somo suitable time here- after, to take into consideration the subject of the Presidential election, and to adopt such course in relation to it as dut; id patriotism may then di- tate as proper. ‘Ibis is all right. And while I cannot concur with some in believing ‘that the third resolution was intended, by those who adopted } it, to bear the construction which has been put upon | it—to wit, that its object was to commit the party, in advance, to send delegates to the Baltimore | Conventior vill I mean simply to say, that if pie was the intention, ] am unqualifiedly opposed to is. The now organization in Georgia was called into existence upon an extraordinary crisis in oar pub- lic affairs. Thatcrisis has not yetpassed by. They who think so, draw different conclusions from the signs of the times from what 1do. The pro- tent (apparent) calm is but a temporary suspen- sion of the dangerous elements which then raged 20 furiously. That party was formod upon tho principles set forth and embodied in tho action of tho State convention, in December, 1850. Those principles I need no; repeat to you They were such as a large majority of the pecple of Goorgia then thought, and as | still think, essential to the maintenance of the rights of her people and the union of the States hoy were, marae Fer ne ey were, and are, as broad as the Union, and as wide as the limits of the jurisdiction of the constitution; and in the very ergapization of that party, which was formedby an abjaration and renuociation of all old party names and afliliations by all who en- tered into it, we offered to unite with any and all men, irrespective of past party distinctions, in every ceotion ef the country, whether in the South or North, who would make these principles a car- dinal point in their creod. Tho same pesition we still hold. As yet, no party at the North has given any euch eesurance. The Baltimore Convention has not been called with any such view or bjoct; 80 far from it, many of eur bistercst assailants, at the South as well as at the North, have already been duly appointed members of it. Could an: idea bo more preposterous than the project of send- ing delegates to a convention of our opponents, for fear that they may not conduct thoir procoedings according to our liking? Such would certainly be anovel course in political tactics. If those members of that convention from the South, who wero lately so loud in their denuncia- tion of all men at the North, and who were a ticularly censorious of our position at home, acknowledge their errors, and put themselves upon our priaciplee, and shall purge that body of its free soil elements, and shall also present to the country a good candidate for the Presidency, it will be time enough for us to connect ouraglves with their action after they shall havo given us theso evidences of their boing entitled to our confi- dence and co-operation A good candidate, stand- ing on our principles, and put forward by an or- ganization standing upon the same principles, is all we want. Whether that convention will come up to these requisitions, is one of the problems that future do- velopements only can solve. My apprehension is, that it will not. Upon what indications others found more favorable expectations, 1 am at a loss to conjecture. Is it frem the fact that Colonel Polk’s resolution was rejected in the Congreasional caucus at the beginning of the present session? Is it from the fact that Mr. ‘Bartlett, whoso name appeared as one of the commitice who called that convention, was elected to the seat he now holds ia the Heuse of Representatives as an open and avowed free soiler! Is it from the fact that Mr. Rantoul, the champion and defonder of that most unprinciplod of all coalitions in the annals of political profligacy in Massachusetts, is one of the members of that convention! Oris it from the fact thatthe Union newspaper in this city , puts down the most ultra mon of the South, and the most rabid free soilers at the North, now in Congress, as all good democrats, and equally entitled to membership and fellowship in the groat party of which it professes to be the sole organ? If 80, I have only +o say, that these and other in- dications which I might mention, have quite a con trary effect on me. ‘That convention, therefore, so called and 20 constituted, as well as all other na- tional conventions, whether domocratic or whig, must be pee right on the record as a condition pre- cedent, before looking to me for any support or countenance. I spoak only for myself. ‘he con- stitutional Union party can speak for itself when its convention assembies. Bat can any one doubt that the moral power and influence of our position upon the action of the Baltimore Convention would be much g iT tions ? ould they be loss likely to comply with our demands from fear of our defiance in case of rofueal, than to be controlled by our wishes after a voluntary surrender! If we gointo their organi- | tiber ‘reater outside than inside of its dulibera- | zation without the condition precedent of a recogni- | tion and endorsement of our principles, shall wo not be in the condition of veteran troops beguiled and betrayed unarmed into the vee of the enemy? The idea of men thus situated insisting on terms is simply ridiculous; captives may be allowed to beg for quarters, but who ever heard of them de manding concessions ! And is this the time for our party to put itself in such a humiiliati osition ? ‘The exirsordinary effort that is now being made to inculcate the opinion that nothing can be done by a separate organization upon the principles of that formed in Georgia, 1 am perfectly awnie of. But does it not come with a bad grace from those who, in thus speaking, are but ropeating their croakings of twelve months ago! Thon we were told, as now, that the new organization was a fail- ure, because it did not meet with favor from the political intriguers of this city. Some wentse far as to soy that the party was dead, and could not bo galvanized into existence. But what have wo not accomplished since then? Georgia hss spoken, with a majority never before known. So has Mississippi. And Alabama has ehown that her people are not to be bound by the ehackles of party when principlos are at stake. Tas @ single election beon lost where the issue was at not only this; last winter tho Georgia orga. ion met with nothing bat opposition from the two great parties, as thoy are called here. ‘These parties have both since been brougat to ause. They want nothing now so much as a truce. Their opposition has been changed to a modest request that “bygone may be bygone » Shall we grant thom even a truce! Will they not thoreby be enabled to rally their disorganized forees! Jo this the time, then, for us to disband! Should wo desert our standard whon the cnomy everywhere is in flight bofore.ns. Should we not rather hold our ground until our triumph is complete im forcing an acknowlodgmont of our principles! ‘This attempt to or the impression that the now organization failed in its objects, and that everybody must fall back into one or the other of tho former lines of division, is but the last appeal of the old priests of the dofiled tag ad male who feel that they are about to lose their livolih in making images of false doities for the poople to worship. Hence their lusty shouts of “Groat is Diana of the Ephosians,” ‘‘great is the powor of perty,” and groat is the virtue of old issues! This ory has been unavailing in the past, and it will be unavailing in the futuro, wherever the quos- tion shall be made and mot. Lot our friends not doubt too soon. No occasion has yot arisen for an appeal to the whole people of tho United States upon the principlos of our organization, Whether | such an occasion shall arise may depend upon ths action of this Baltimore Convention. Alabams has already called a national convention on our prinsi- 8, to assemble in this city after, the Baltimore Jonvention. To this latter convention we should not fail to cond delegates. Should such a state of things then exist as to render a now national! organization necessary and proper to carry out our principler, I feel assured that the late results ia eorgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, are but proofs of what may be expeoted in other sections of tho country, when similar efforts may be made for similar objects. And in this connection, I will add, that the f reorganizing either of the old par- ties in this try upon sound na‘ional principlos, is, ip my opinion, @ result not to be looked for with much confidence. As organizations, these parties are both effete and corrupt. They both make pro~ fessions in “platforms,” which they never carry out in practice. These platforms or programmes have become nothing but artful dovioss by which demagogucs are enabled to delude and cheat tae people: **New wine is not to be put into old bot- jlee, else they burst.” And if the effort to infuse new and sound principles into either of those wora- out parties should be successful, a like result may be expected. It is quite improbable that it should be otherwise, for the elomoats in cach ara discordant, conflicting, and hostile. How, for instance, can those men in Georgia who looked upon the cighteen thousand majority Sgainst them in their own State at tho late election as untrustworthy upon the question of Southern rights, be expected to act in harmony with tho Wilmots, the Kantouls, the Preston Kings, andthe Van Burens, atthe North. The vory idea of such 8 possibility.is suggestive of infamy. I take it for granted, then, that the harmonious action amongst men holding such antagonistical opinions and prisciplest Out of the question. And it should e borne in mind that Mr. Rantoul declared the other day, in the House, that if he were nota good democrat, there was not one in New England! But apart from oonsiderations growing out of the present condition of the slavery question, and other questiong of domestic policy, on which there is equally as wide a cifference of opinion between the two great wings of theso old parties, there are ttill other and new nee arising, upon which, most probably, still wider differenooe of opinion will exist. The question of int erfering with and tak- ing partin European politics will soon be upon us. “Coming events coast their shadows bofore.” At this time we sce a man, ef unusual address and great ability, traversing the Northorn States of the Union, andurging upon the people the abandon- ment of those principies which havo boon coeval with the existence of our government in our rela- tions with the various monarchies and dynasties of the Old World. His object evideatiy is to implant in the public mind tho principlo that it is our duty to join in a general crusade for the libertios of man- kind. These wild and disorganizing dootrinos have been embodied in resolutions, and adoptod with en- thusiasm, by Jarge and respectable meoctings, in divors places. The day is not distant when the ques- tions involved in these dovtrines will bocome prac- tioal issues. They will present subjects of vast mag- nitude and momentous importance for the conside- ration of the American people. And uponthem, ag well as upon those ether kindred questions to which Thave aliuded, men in all sections, who think alike, must organize and act together, without respect to past differences of opinion on other points, or an early doom will be our destiny, ivstead ef that fall measure of true greatness whichitis our roal ‘* mis sion” to attain, and which nothing short of the united patriotism of the whole country can sioure. There is no time, therefore, to look to old issues with a prospoot of reorganizing parties upon them. But I have said much more than I intended. In conclusion, | will add that onr peloy is to hold our position. We should unite with no party that fails a3 a condition precedent to incorporate in its creed those principles which we consider as essential to the maintenance of our rights and the preservation of the union of the Siates. We should stand aloof from all parties that do not purge themselves from ail affiliation snd association with free soil- izm Whatever may be the course of future events, wo chould stand by our priuciplos wherever tho way lead uf, “through woe” a2 well as “throug weal,” aod meintain them now, and always, if need be, until they, we, and the republic perish toge ther in acommonruin. Yours, respectfully, ALFXANDER i. SrerHens. LECTURES IN NEW YORK. Dr. Antisell’s Lecture on Geology-The Keptilian Period and Modern Agencies, Dr. Antisell delivered a lecture last evening, at Olim- ton Hall, on “The Reptilian Period and Modern Agencies” He described the condition of the red sand- stone during the reptilian period, and stated that im- pressions—sometimes of a human hand—had been made vpon it, when in @ soft condition. Hs minutely des- cribed the remains of various reptiles which had been fcund in this strata, and which belonged to the lizard class The absence of material bone in those reptiles was ® god arrangement, and one which was still pre- rorved in the present day in similar anim: ‘There were alse found the remains of other reptiies; and this period, the deposition of the red saud/cone, was not im- }roperly termed the reptilian peri/d Reptiles of a similar kind were mcre abundant in the tropical re gion; but taking them altogether as a genus, they were fast disappearing from the face cf the earth. Dr. An- tisell then referred to bis diagrams, and described more particularly the ichthyosamus and the other lisard a. He then considered the beds of chalk, and their formation, aud the beds of rivers and estuaries He explained tne principle of the artesian welle, resulting frem the forcing down of the water which had fallen on the earth, and where it passed into a bed of basin shape, and where it could collected again by ordi- nary bydrostatic pressure. Achalk bed was a stiff bed, and when the rain fe!] upon it, it sunk through its sur- face. The amount of rain which annually fell in this country was about forty inches, supposing it to remain onthe surface The way in which the water was got rid of was by its rolling down to the river streams, evapo- ration, by ite use by man and the avimals, and by its sivking into the earth, The Doctor then dessribed ite rticular course through different forms of strate, and e alluded to the warm spriuge in France and China, caused by the depth of the waterintheearth In these tertiary becs other animals had been found, bearing a rerembiance to the horse and the ass of the present day. ‘The lecturer allued toa race of birds found a century beck in the Mauritius and on the southern coast of America, which hed become extinct through ciroum- stances affecting thei: mode of living, and pointed to this fact as an analogy with the extinction of ths races of animals during much earlier periods, ard in some measure it afforded an explanation--the contiguity of there animals to the sea shore, and their inabilty to move rapidly, made them an Ce! prey. He then adverted to the subject of “time” in reference to geological science The Fails of Niagara were gradually receding at the rate of a foot ine year. and it would take 35,000 years to tranfer the fells to where they now were, from the place where they once stood at Lewiston; then how long would it take to form rocks eight miles in thick. nets’? These circumstances were connected with the globe itself; but when they looked to the planets, and to astronomical science, hat «paces of time were thore developed! The earth was, no doubt, at ons time heat- ed, and ina soft state, and. had been, and was now, cool- ing and consolidating. The lecturer them adverted to the theory of nebu!~. and showed by recent discoveries that it must be exploded. Roen’s telescope had defined them into sters; the earth, therefore, could not have been in a cloudy ‘tate, as had been supposed by some. We were not in possearion of the beginning point of the creation, no more than we were of the termination of it ; therefore, it was oy with the middle portion that wo could deal, The Dr, exhibited a colored drawing of the planet Mars, as seen through Ross’s telescope, and exhibited its rimilarity of etructuce @ that of the earth, At the north and south poles there were formatio of aad in the south pole ice, | alarge ocean ; andno doubt it was fitted for purposes | simiiar to those of the earth. The sun was also under similar influences, being coldet at the poles than at the equator ; this was proved by taking a daguerrotype like- ness, when it was observed that the centre of the figure Was more powerfully operated upon than the edges, re- sulting from the greater influence of the run’s centre or equator, than at its peles. The spots on the sum, too, being caused by currents of alr passing through its lu- mincus atmosphere, and which were ak proximate to its equator, where euch currents arise, as in the case of our own earth.war another proof The sun aleo wasgradu- po ec ard so was the earth; and ulti ly, the re- lations between there bodies would undergo such changes as to render this globe uninhabitable to @ race like us. ‘The orbits of the stars were much greater then thet of the earth. One of the stars in the constellation Urea Major, performed ita revolution in one hundred end ninety thourand of our years. Could it be supposed that it was made only for one revolution’ And it was infla- enced by the attractive forces of the neighboring bodies. Again: The revolution of two stars round each other was equal toa million of years. The whole of the uai- verse moved, not around a central sun, as had been con- jeotured, but round central space. The light of of tho stars in Orion teok thirty thousand years to ro us, travelling as it did at an inconceivable rate, Ti ecience of geology, therefore, reqvired not so muoh time for the fulfilment, of its representations as that of astroncmy. The Doctor then referred to the present state of the moon, its once volcanic state, the absence of apy material atmcsphere, and to the intense cold that must prevail in that —- was cheerved to contain ice. It was well established that the degree of heat the earth received depended on the depth of its atmosphere— the less atmosphere above us, the less heat we received. ‘The earth was colder now than during the period of the carboniferous deposits, Our race could only occupy the earth for a limited period, as ot animals had done, ‘The lecturer closed his diccouree amid much applause from an intelligent and attentive audience Th retic Ite DR. retic Regions. KANE, LATE OF THE AMERICAN EXPEDITION. Dr. Elisha K. Kane, of the U. S. Navy, who as- companied the American expedition in search of Sir John Franklin, lectured in the Broadway Ta- beinaclo, last evening, on the subject of tho Arotic Regions, considered in conncotion with such explora- tion. He promised his lecture by saying that he should, perhaps, apologize for coming before them in the capacity of a locturor, but his objoot in doing 60 wae Lot moroly to impart information of these LECIURE BY