The New York Herald Newspaper, January 29, 1852, Page 3

THE LECTURE SHASON. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, PROFESSOR RODGER’S SECOND LECTURE ON THE ATMOSPHERE. ‘Tho Professor commenced his lecture by recapitu- lating the subjecte alluded to in that which pro- ceded it, in relation to the mechanical propertios of the atmozphere, in which he referred more par- ticularly to the proofs that he adduced of its mate- riality, weight, aud elasticity, daring which, he gaid, he bad entered into the consideration of its relations as the vehicle of sound, and as exercising astrongly magnotic influence. Owing to want of time he had been compelied to omit allusion to its other properties; among which was that of color, to which he had merely incidentally referred whon treating of inflexion and refraction. Although color is not perooptible in a contracted space, yot when the view extends in a horizontal, vertioal, or obliquo direction, then there return“the rays of light that give tho rich ceralean color, which, as the acolivity of the mountain is ascended, assumes a deeper tint, until at the highest elevation—as at Mount Blanc—the sky becomes of the deepest black. Socortain isit that the color deepens as the observer Raves the earth, that Saussioro invented @ centrivance by which, owing to tho regular grada- tion that takes place, he was able at each successive stage to ascertain his height from the plain below, by the change it indicated in the color of the atmo- sphere; thus establishing its relationship with light. After explaining the modifications of tho atmo- mated shadow ofsomething of which reason could understand nothing. He ranged himself upon the side of popular judgment. The solution had ofven been attempted by philosophical minds, but they diffored from the popular judgment, and also amo themselves. By some of these, it was doscribed as the lan; oof passion, but which was unsubstan- tial. ‘attempt must fail to desoribe pootry in its various internal peouliaritios. Singularly fortu- nate was the definition of popularjudgment, for tho prose of Demosthenes, Soorates, and other writers, was often full of pootry; while the vor Homer, Virgil, Dante, and Byron, had often exhibited the boldest characteristics of prose. Still, convenionos required that some method should be instituted of distinguishing between tho two classes of composi- tion, though in agroat part arbitrary, and to him sho external form ot poetry must be received as peou- liarly scholastic, and conducing ¢o a difference from prose. ‘T'he vast peculiarities of that exterual form was its measure and its rules of accent. Mer. Hazlit (the great critic) said that poetry was the language of imagination and passion; that it re- lated to whatever gave immediate pleasure or pain to the human mind-—that it same home to the bosom of man. That dofinition approached to something like @ philosophical method. Foar, hope, love, hatred, contempt, and other affections ofthe mind, according to Haslit, wore all pootry. It was @ definition which was no definition at all It described nothing diatiactly. To the lesturer’s apprehension,, poetry suggested itself to be tho lite and soul of tho affections, while prose was the language of the passions and the instincts of exist- ence. 6 thoughts, that in the language of Milson, wandered through eternity, were the soul and the affections standing in obscurity. Tho mgnifisont © fleecy whiteness of noonday to the darkest les of approaching night, he described tho Manner in whieh those changes are effected, by altering the eombination of the three prismatic colors—blue, red and yellow, bringing out those tints that characterize the landscape, and give to the sky its beautiful coloring at the time of the dising and setting san; in viewing which, he said, it was impossible not to be siru2k with the benefi- cent tendency of the laws of nature and the ad ipta- tion of the atmoephere around us for the cultivation ofher gifts. In referring to the barometer, he took it for eranied that all present understood what it is, and what are its uses; and yet it would be worth while to consider what were the contemplations of Torricelli when he invented the instrument, and at a time when his discovery was viewod with doubt At the present day every navigator finds it neces- sary to havo one in his possession, for there is not a ‘wave of air that may not be measured by the ba- rometer; and also the oscillations that at cortain times prevail during the day. Not only this, but by discoveries rocontly made, particularly at St elena, it has been found that there is a tidal movement of the air, in obedience to the move- ments of the moon, answering to the tides of the ocean, and pointing its apex to that luminary, thus serving to illustrate in another aspect the sublime simplicity of nature’s laws Prof. Rodgers here calied the attention of his audi- tory to several rude drawings in his poszession ; among others was one of an Etruscan lamp, such a3 are discovered to have been in use in Herculaneum, previous. to the time of the Cwsars; and which show that, although men in the more distant ages, had made some proficiency in the study of nature, he they bad never been led on to the discovery of er grent truths. The representations of a Chinese air pump and watering pot, he said, only served to prove that scarcely any progress had been made in that country, in a knowledge of the laws of nature, or of what man can effect in controlling her power. He then proceeded to consider the componont parts of the atmosphere, which, besides its gaseous portions, contains water. The gases are those of oxygen, nitrogen, andcarbon. This he illustrated by experiments—not, he said, for any pees display, such as isexhibited by dealers in philosophy, his object being rather to improve than for etfest. He should, therefore, only select a few for the elucidation of facts which could not be demonstrated ia any other weve He commenced with nitrogen; and presently, he said, it would be perceived that thisis an active agent; and itis doubtful whether there exists any structure that is essentially vital, which has not nitrogen as an important component part, while others that are destitute of vitality, are also dosti- tute nitrogen. He mentioned this, he observed, because from its negative character, it had been sup- posed it was only employed to dilute—than which nothing could be more incorrect; for to its negative ropertics its adds a positive effect. lt also forms four-fifths of the atmosphere, the other fifth being oxygen. Professor Rodgers hero performed the experiment of burning steel, by inserting it ina glass vessel filled with oxygen gas Bat the effect ‘wes, to cont the inside of the vessel with oxide of iron, which colors all the red soil and many of the rocks of the globe, and which bas been caused by the combustion ofiron. He performed some other ex- periments, to prove that burning charoval or eul- hur generates an acid converting a blue liquid into a red. Nitrogen and oxygen constitute most of the atmosphere; and although nitro- $2 i3 much heavier than oxygen, yet it ha: een found impossible to detect any difference in the proportions; at whatever height the air may be analyzed, these are invariably thesame. Tai is referable, ho said, to animportant law, that wa discovered by an English schoolmaster, who, wich limited means, has made some of tho richest disco verics of modern times, which will last throughou alltime. Among others was thie:—that whatover are the relative weights of these gases, they will uet form a chemizal combination, but will mix with each other; and cach of them as regards the other is to be coneidered @ vacuum. {n explaining any subject in nature, he said, it was necessary to bring the eld fact connected sphere; by whichthe color of the clouds varies from a attempt to clothe the eternal mystery came from the beginning and wont with isto the end. Tao soul had majesty of speech whish bslongei to it alone; connected with it*and with tho affvotions was the language of purity and elevation. In like manner a6 man was lower than the angels, so wore the affections lower than the soul. ‘The life of passion had different expressions; it was the life of the world without reference to what had gone be- fore, and what should come after. [t was the life of the camp and the court. The boundary betwoen poetzy was not uncertain, as it was often described to be; but there wasa palpable limit, plain and dis- uinguisbable. Poe:ry was the invisible life of the soul and of the affections; the several descriptions of verse assumed a visible form. His object was to vindicate modern poetry. 1+ was said that in mo- dern poetry there were no new things, nor did it helovg to the country or to the nineteenth century. ‘That was part ofthe war which had been waged for centuries; it was one of those opinions which had been an clement of struggle between conserva- tivism and progress; it was partof the struggle that was going on between republicanism and mo- narchy, and between monopoly and freedom. Tho decriers of modern poetry knew nothing of what they pretended to be the judges; they knew little ot the poetry of the past or of the present; thoy brought the smatlest modicum of logic to their uso, and were encrusted with the classic idvas of thoir alma mater. Now, what was ancient pootry t and what was modarn poetry ? ‘The oldest part of the schools went back as far ag Orpheus, then came Hesied, andnoxt came Homer, whose epic poems wero a tremendous effort ofhuman genius. lta characters were superna- tural, lecherous, andrevengeful. It was at variance with morality and poetic justice, The sooner it gave place to the introduction of somothing belong- ing to the Christianera the better. (Applause ) Anacreon, Pindar, and the Athonian Dramatists followed, and some of thom possessed a higher morality ; but while they censured ths vices of tho times, they fed their flames. The /aeid of Virgil, the Odes of Horace, and the metamorphoses of Orvid, were written in another age. ‘The ole gance of the Horatian odes could not be disputed, but elegance of poetry did not come or die with Horaee. The ineid approached the Iilaid. Tho Metamorphoses of Urvid were dangerous, as they attracted by their seductive beauty. In revie wing English poetry, he said that ‘* Paradise Lost in the qualities of eublime conception, and power of expreszion, and beauty of language. aad richness of imagery, transcended the Illaid. (Appiause:) Ho proclaimed it to besuperior, and in its adaptation to the precepts of morality and Christian truth, there eould be no difference of opinion. Incompari- son with the Athenian Dramatists, Muropedis, :scapalus, he named Beaumont. and Fletcher, and Massinger, and others, of the age of Elizabeth, who, he contended, were equal in plot and in the gentle touches of nature with the Athonian Dramatists. For Anacreon, Thomas Moore was a substitute. The Lyrics of Pindar were supplied by those of Coleridge. Instead of Virgil, Orvid, and Horace, modern poetry had ees Dryden, and Bored and after balancing all accounts, Eagland had its Shakspeare, its Burns, and its By- ron. (Applause ) Where, among the aaciouts, was ‘siMlacbeth,”’ ** Hamlet,’ ** Lear.” or ‘ Ochello,” even in the Augustan age? When Rosciug was an actor, we had yet to look for the ideal bouusies of * The Tempest,” and the exquisite poetry of “King John,” aud the barbed wit ot *“ Heury VII? Wish the Pindaric odes we could set up the ‘Cottar’s Sa- turday night,” ‘ Tam O'Shanter,” and othor songs of Burns. And there was “ Tho Childe Harold,’ and “The Giaour.” We bad Southey, Soott, Shelley. Coleridge, and Wordsworth, wao inter- preted the language of natureand hum znity. Thoro were parties who contended that poetry was dying out—that the present days were thos of the steam engine and the electric telegraph. Woaat an uator- tunate theory! This could not be admitted from the books of Tennyson, Hood, Motherwell, Baily, and the Brownings. All over the history of pro- gress of the last century were scatteredgems. [ho iecturer then referred to another class of daprecia- tors of modern poetry, who were connected with the (Quarterly Magazines and Reviews, who (he con: tended) were wrapped in the classic velium of with it under some general Jaw. [t is man’s wise and happy vocation to gather up facts and arrange them in order, and from thezo to deduce the laws of the universe, the foundation of which is with Him who laid them for ever andever. Professor Rodgers then passed on to another ingredient of air, which is found in a small proportion, but everywhere abundantly diffused; this ishydrogen, which con- stitutes eight ninths of water. He then procecdod to consider the properties of liydrogon, which is lighter than atmospheric air, and when a taper was introduced into a vessel containing this gas, the flame waa extinguished, but, as the hydrogen con- tinued to blaze at the surface, the tapor was re lit when again withdrawn. Professor Rodgers here called the attention of his audience to the investi- ation of earbon, which forms to a great extent the ramework of the globe. The specimen of char- coal that he exhibited, he eaid, was an artificial product, but there is asubstance garnered up, in which the principal ingredient is carbon—he al- luded to mineral coal. Carbon is also seen in tha form of black lead, which is pure charcoal; and the diamond is another elemeatary form of carbon, which has the same origia wita coal, and is avoge- table product, which has become crystallized, and posseasing 80 much brilliancy that no no ono would supp that it is identical wih the common exuvia of our hearths. Yot such is the fact, the fame elements often producing a nt modes of the aggregation of the materials of which a body is composed. Carbonic acid gas is not only heavier than atmospheric air, but it oxtinguishes life. He said be should cor ne or two of ite properties, and then is lectare When ovmbined with water, it p es solvent powers, aud it is the great nt by which natri- ment is conveyed to the roots a and by which the earth is cl changes eff agentin w af It descenaing in rain, penctrates the earth, and in vain; for each of these portions of w: is dis solving portions of the soil, or act) a solutioa Even common water acts asa solution, and is doubtless, producing changes in the depths of tho giobe; and when carbonate of lime occurs under xround, the destructive effects of the solvent proper- &i¢6 of water and carvonic acid gas are everywhere eroeptiblo. If we would turn to Pounsytvania, tWaryland or Virginia, there wi!! be feund nume- rous lost rivera. itis not the river that has boon absolved, and thus disappeared, but it has made a channel for itself by the potent energy of its dis- solving powers, the cilocts of which are soen ovory- where, particularly in the cavernoas drapery, where the slalactite descends from abovo to meet thi logmite that has formed below. At this stage of the lecture Professor Rodgers entered into a minute history of the formation ot theso hidden wonders of naturé, and showed conclusively that thoy are pro- duced by the ceaseless activity of carbonic acid gas combinéd with water that percolates through tue calcarcous strata above; thus forming the pendant stalactite, aecording to definite aud woll undorstood lines. He doscribed the formation of tunnels by the same process, the crumbling and fuiling in of the sides and a portion of the roof, as is seen in the Natural Bridge in Virginia; and, finally, tho throw- i nD of masses ofrock, by whish tho course of interrupted; and as water charged with d gas deposits most freely where it is vd, by Which means the iatorstices are stone is formed across tho Swhich the water has itsolf he Modern Poets and their Orlues, A lecture was dolivered at the Tabernacle, on Tuesday ¢ ig, by Mr. W. D. Gallaghor, on the subject of modern posts and their critics. Thore was a large audience. After a fow preliminary pservations, he began by inquiring, what was otry? That question had been often asked, but seld mm answered. Popular judgment and high ori- tica! canons varied in their decisions in reforengo to it: the former would decide that poctry was verse, put the latter would doolare poetry to be a subli, Rome. Yheytook their rise in England, where they attacked everything in the shape of “ Yan- kee pootry.” American writers had triumphed over these calumnies, and still they shouted that America coald not produce a poet. Re- fering to American poetry, he said that in the days of Trumbull, Freneaux, snd others, there was visible a great improvement, condused in some degree by the revolutionary character of the times, and the satire they wielded was as keon as that of any of their contemporary writers; but the European modeis were still followed. Ameri- can poetry began to be superior at tho rise ot Hal- leck, Sprague, Dana, Bryant, Pierpons, and others Mrs Brooke’s ‘* Zophiel” was especially noticed in the English reviews, and pronounced by Southey to be a beautiful performance. At the present day, American poets had taken a high place in literatera. He mentioned the names of Longtellow, Whittier, Miller, and Lowell. Tne poetry of the present day was adapted to it, and to expect this adaptation from the ancient poets was anreason- able Pootry, in our day, had a mission to per- form, as it also bad in other ages. We had our Bayard Taylor, Stoddart, Morris, &*. The demo- cracy of knowledge had began to prevail, and men | turned their thoughte from kings and courts, to | commerce end art (Applause ) Words | worth, Shelly, Crabbe, and Eliot, (the anti-cora Jaw rymer.) passed into the depth of the human goal. | Their voices still They did not find i cectary to write epics—they’ called no h y looked and discerned and dispelled ite | ess, and alleviated its sorrow. Wore th sof Homer and Virgilso grand asthat! F modern poetry, tal its purposes in i | claimed a meed of pr as great a3 | Was awarded to any of went poets the spirit of a countle 2, wad a senti- humility Jod with parkio i the quitied the room amidzt iauch applause First Anniversary of the Brooklyn Insti- tution for the Relief of Respectable Aged Indigent Females, ‘The first anni aritable in- stitution was beld on Tuesday evening, at the | Pierrepont street, Baptiet church, Brooklyn, whioh | wae respectably and very numerously attonded. The exerciees commenced with an appropriate prayer by the Rev. Dr. Welvh, after which ho introduced | the Rev. Mr. Stearns, who read tho first annual | report to the society, of which the following are extracts :— In consequence of a liberal offer made by John (. Grabam, Esq., to found an institution for the relief of respectable aged indigent females, in the city of Brooklyn, a public meeting, consisting of ladies, was called from the pulpits of the different denomi- nationsin the city, in January, 1851, for the pur- ersary of the above c! | did it unto one of the le He | t Bech seeping. apartment eouttins «large clowst acl ment contains a cl ; on the first nee teere are eight large ‘tries and a bath room. The Chapel and Commitree Rooms @re on the north side of the second floor, and can bo thrown into one room by folding and sliding doors, and will comfortably soatthree hundred per- sens. The Hospital is on the south side of tho second floor. ‘he ontire huilding will be fiaished in avery neat and substantial manner, and the Probable cost will amount to $22,000. Ii ia design- ed to have religious services condasted in the obapel of the asylum, by the clurgymen of tas ditterent denominations represenved; aud it is tne special wish of the founder and all interested in its management, taat everything sectarian spall bs avoided. Since the erganization of this sovicty, we bave bad undor our care special pensioners, w9 bave received aid at their homes, or a) suitably boarding places, in antisipation of finding a oom fortabie bome tn thenaw butiding, whea co uploted Many applications have been made--some from out of thy State--whish were of course rejected; and an opportunity offers fur others, who oaa coa- form to our regulations, to apply aud receive neccesary aid. Wo take great ploasure ia aa- bouncing that we havo recen:iy received a donation of two loi, in ene of the mosi beautitul locations inthe Cemetery of the E:vergrosns, which a com- mittee of our managers were permitted, by the kindness of che trustees, to solact. To somo of our worthy aud benevolent capitalists, permit asto statean offer made by Mr. Graham respecting tho Home and adjoining lota. On one of the five lots coutiguous to taat upon whish the asylum stands, ho agrees to expend all the funds p by our society to him, ever and above $10,000 in the erection of a dwolling that will at loss: rent for $400 per annum, and convey the same to the insti- tution. Will not some person or persons contribute to this permanent fund, who feel unwilling to aid in the erection of the building! Again, if any por son or persons will deposit in his hands the sam of $5,000, he will promise to expend the samo in the erection of a brick house on one or more ef the four remaining lots ag the oase may require, Hoe will superintend the erection of the building and regu- jJate the grounds, without trouble to the donor or donors; and when finished, the premises shall be called after the name of the donor or donors, a3 an endowment to the institution. Tho sum already expended by Mr. J B Graham is $15,108; and, as our T'reasurer’s report willahow, the amount paid him by our socisty is only $5,! 75. The balance romaining in the hands of the ‘Treasurer, is from the annua! subscriptions and lifeememberships, which are strictly reserved for the support of the institution whon completed, and for the wants of the aged women under our caro. ‘The following is the account of S. M. G. Merrill, ‘Treasurer of the institution :-- 1861.—February 1, To cash paid eubsoription and account books, a for Secretary and Treasurer..........0.0.005 $4.95 To caeh paid to managers for pensioners, from March to December 51, 1851.......... «+. 100 60 To cash paid te J, B, Graham, Bsq , on accouat of the building........... . . 5710 25 Discount on uncurreat money... 45 Balance On hand........666. oe » 1,690 12 $7 .A96 27 Cr. By cash received from the Becretary, being the amount of donations for the building $5,959 27 Do. do for life memberships...... seeveee 860 00 Do. do, for anuvai subscriptions... 677 90 $7,496 27 8 M.@,. MERRILL, Treasurer. Georce Te Conse. ‘ AE, Bovcrass audios Brooklyn January 31, 1851 After reading the above oxtracta, the Rov. Mr. Sreaxns proceeaed to address the meeting in sub- stance a6 follows:—In regard to tho fact of doing good, the Kev. gentleman observed, he did not re- gard the philanthopist as tho proper term to be applied, but rather the Christian, and it is a pleasing and interesting fact to be observed in connection with this institution, that Christians of all denominations have united their efforts in forwarding this labor of love. He who helps a good cause is highly Pe ce gene 0 gives a sixponce or a dollar, er devotes his talents or his time in its behalf, What has God given you of the abundance of tho earth for! It is not that you may selfishly indulge in the luxuries of life, and hoap up wealth for your own gratification. There is certainly a low species of Ereuitoesen where one’s efforts for one’s own aggran- jizement aro crowned with success. ‘Tho religion of Christ, and those who are made one by the Spirit of Christ, have no suoh object. There is no be- liver in Christ who is not directed to go forth and do good. Every euch institution as this is a de- velopoment of our religion; every Christian is called upon to cultivate the fructifying spirit of doing good. Whatever function you may represent in the sreat body of Christ's church, there are certain uties for each momber of the church to pertorm “* He that giveth to the poor lendeth to the Lord.” Is there auy one here who has employed their means in doing good, and has reaped the fruits even in this lite. But ia relieving others it is neccesary te know who we relvive, and care is to be taken that the objects of our bounty are not professional beggars or idle, dissolute pors Poverty is at all timea hard to bear, aad gow mech more are ita miseries heig oa i accompa’ with declining That individual is aimos; to b munificently provided a home poor wi digent females; and he is to be envied the and blessings that will be poured t Every one who has anaged mother. and administers to her every want, must recollect the name of this institution. ‘This institution does not want sympa- thy merely in words, It wants something more than this, and we trust that this appeal in the City of Churehee will meet with a just response. This «ie the fires anniversary of this society, and there are but few who have yet benefitted by it; but it is born and cannot die, and there will be many such; aud, rest assured, there is a virtue in the prayers and blessings of these poor creatures, which will Test upon all engaged in this work of love. What a delightful thought, and how choering to those aged and beart-etricken mothers, who have suffer. ed privations for months and years, that we can hardly realize—trials and afllictione that would hi bring a shower of tears from the eyes ot any that are soon to enter a comfortable dwelling, repose | upon a warm bed, and sit by a cheerful fireside; thatibey may eat ata table spread with wholesome aud nourishing food, such as their declining years demand; and mere than this, feel that, when death shall come, they have a pleasant burial place, where their bodies may rest in pease, until the ‘re surrection of the dead,” when the last trump ehall | sound, anddeath be swallowed up ia victory; andat that last great day, when our Lord shail say to thoee on bis mght hand, “Blessed are ye ebildron of my father, cuter ye into the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world. For! was an bungered, and ye gave me meat; J wasa thirst and ye gave ine Griak ye took me in; naked, and ye clothed me; sick and l was a stranger and | in prison, and ye 4 ine; for inasmuch aa ye of these ye did it unt ntroduced th B Adre hat ho she he, trow atick bed, and at the g At tho conclusion of t Stear {the me d responding ttongance a! osure to the open air, was sca y ause much service i there are oled n tw for this failing o i to wh > jected at tille—the wod ** female i jeeted io word femal jady. Womar ‘word, ard the only word which should be this occa*ion—that ble h we ed upon her atthe creation t her to man to chorish and sw; Woman ar aye elog as lesz fitted ‘to grap’ ties of thie world, and we try to shield her from some of est storms and troubles. Youth has and its temptations, but when you bring a child whom God has deprived of its parent look upon its blooming cheeks, bright cy | curling locks, and think of our Saviour wh teok fietle cbildren to his arms and said, that “of such was the kingdom of Heaven” ‘There is hope in the future of that child. especially when we o sider that by the principles of our government the | character of every man serves to make up the chia le and pose of forming a society to support and manage such an institution. A board of managers was chozen, representing twenty-six churches, including Presbyterian, Episcopal, Baptist, Dutch Reformed, Congregational, Methodist, and Unitarian. Sub- sequently an advisory committee was chosen, eon- sisting of seven gentlemen, woll qualified to counsel and aid inthis interesting enterprise and labor of love. Land was presented by Mr. Graham, valued at $4,000, for tho erection of an asylum, situated at Washington aven corner of Do Kalb, in a location highly eligible, in every respect, for its object. fhe building was immediately commenced, under his personal supervision, and will be completed early in the ensuing autumn. A charter of incorporation was applied tor and readily ob- tained, under the above name. ‘The corner stone was Inid with duo solemnity, on the first of July, 1851, in the prosonce of a numerous assembly. The building, which will be namod the Graham Inatitution, will be a beautiful edifice, capable of accommodating ninety old ladies. it will be four stories high, with an attic and collar, containing fifty five rooms for pensioners, and a sulliciont numbor of apartmonts for the aggommo- acter of the nation, But what shall we say of the old woman: She was once a child, with bloom upon her cheeks and light in her eyes; but now ele is old, the cbills of age are creeping on her, her strength is gone, the blood is no jong hor veins, and she is poor. She once lovked ward to having a home, and God, pereh ang y br warm in | her that home, gave her a husbaud plenty into that home, and (tod, p her children, a son upon whose brow she hoped t seo the stamp ef honest industry, a daughter ia whoto young life she hoped to soe her own hay | days gain. But now the husband licth grave, the daughter, perchance, has wedded | fortunes to another, and gone to otber lauds, while the son, to whom she looked for comfort and sola in ker declining years, perhaps has f the dizzy mast, or lies buried, by the ngers, on a foreign shore; and where mother to go now! ebe dare not brea storia without, she cannot work at home ag a time when she had work to it was pleasant work—it was for her busband | or her children. But now she has no: strength to | ply that busy needle which galls up old aud sad | | do ut associations; she has not strength to labor with the brush; and whore is she to go, for she is old and poor? Blessed are those who are endeavoring to tound « home for the relief of these peor mothers. Many might say that they could be better relieved at home, in their own houses; but youth loves not the company of the aged, and the aged do not like to live alone. Tho lov. Doctor hero related tho ease of an old woman who, with many of the com: forts of life around her, complained only of being slone—so much alone. You may give them food, fuel, and olothing, but you must give them more sban this: you must give thom svciety, and in tais inacitution they will have the society of themselves. He did not suppose that this institution would be «© beayen on carta,” for ain will creep in every: where Pure roligion is to vitic the widow: and the fatheriess in their afiliction. Lf we love the Lord, we must also love the poor, and it cannot be too often repeated that ** to that giveth to the poor lendeta tothe Lord.’ Aad havo we not the example of our blessed Saviour’s care for the help- less oid woman! Did he not, whon saffering on the cross—his frame tortured, bis spirit crushed by the weight of the sins of hispeopls—did not his eye brighten, when looking upoa those who sur- rounded his cross, he behold his mother? and in all his more than mortal agony be called to his disci ple, the one he loved best, and said to him, * Son, bebold thy mother And to the mothor ho said ** Mother, behoid thy aon.”’ Wo know that this disciple took this motner to his home, but farthor than that we cannot follow this divine charity. The Rov. gentieman hore stated to the andionse that his raother was living, aud that, on tho first of February next, sho would be eighty two yoars of age, aud that his feelings would be agonizing if ho felt the life going out of him, and left his mother poor ‘ine Rev. gontloman wa3 mush affected, aud concluded his address by asking God's blessing on all the ladies who were engaged in this charitabie work He was followed by the Rev Mr. Bsxcuxr, who addressed the audienc? at seme iength, feelingly dessribing the merits and novosaities of those aged women who aro to be beacficed by this institution. The Kev. Dr. Weicu then announced that a ooliestion would be taken up for the beneds of the society, whica was aosordingly done, and # gentio man (name unknown) begged leave to state tha he had been requested by somo members of the society to lay a book upon the tabie, in which any eran or persons, who folt 80 disposed, were at iborty to write down their names, as sudsoribers, for the amount of one hundred, five thousand, or twenty-five thousand dollars, the amount sub scribed to be paid into the treasury any time within 61x months. We did not notice that any person availed him- solf, or herself, of this permission, and, after tho collection was taken up, the Rev. Dc. Welch dis- missed ihe audionse with a blessing. Rev. Doctor Dewey's Lectures on the «Problem of Human Destiny,"’ The Rev. Doctor Dewey delivered, on Tuosday evening, at the Churoh of tho Messiah, Broadway, tho first of this series of lectures, which wero lately delivered by him before tho Loweil Institute, at Boston. Tho attendance was extremely good. Had human destiny and its clements all boon for good, there would have been no problem to offer, and nothing but bliss to contemplate; ani proceeding to inquire into this matter ho disavowed that mock modesty which pronounced it prosump- {uous for man to do so, and thought that Socrates, himself, had more pride than real humility in say- ing he knew nothing. It would bo strange, indeed, if the grandest and most intellectual question, which could be propounded, admitted ef no answor. His belief wae, that the great irresistible impulse in our nature to seek into this subject was not groundicss ; but that the question did admit of an answer. It was the world’s problem. He had called it that of human destiny, which was a more high sounding name than he liked-not at all because it was presumptuous, for the modesty with which it must be approached should bo taken for granted; its vastnors was at onco a warranty. AU might go to California for gold, as the supply was 60 abuudant and inox- haustible, but no one expected to get more thana small portion of it; and so we might pick up a few of the golden sands upon this shore of boundless wealth. He had adopted this term for the simple reason, that it expressed his meaning better than any other which occurredtohiv A problom was syme- thing thrown out to be solved. a bail as it were thrown out, formed of the strings of human hearts, the bright and sombre, to be unbound and unravel- lec—and there was not a thread there that had not been laid there by a Divine hand aud was not draw- ing on to its destiny. We were not to iook upon the teri, the world, as merely the earth—as a mere pucieus—we could not see it in the I of which we wi formed, no turning circle of the seasons—but in in the re manity alone Man was the world, and the world was With that atatement of tne and passing preliminary obse ht lay down which laid upon tae ey «It was 2 of evil nece state this prob f evil, a princi Ho would brietly a solation such as be Haman i mystery, ti heme waa erious, and the mystery ¢ in ths prod lein of evil. We ail know weil, that through out bi y all suffered and yet we kuew that good; and the happiness of his creatures was preciows to him. Some had accounted for this by a theory, that there was a limitto Divine power. But it was not alla mystery, not all evil, not such an amount as to bewilder al! calculation; and be bumbly ventured to think he could understard this prob'em of sin and sorrow. There were millions of people living in China and other parts of the world; but the question did not turn apon this vast and immense number as one, but upon each individually. No one had expe- rierced or felt anything more than his own indi- vidual existence, and each stool apart from his cotemporaries and alone, as much as if an interval of centuries had occurred lt was very usual to over-rate the misery experionced in the wort ani not to acknowledge the enjoyments. but fow that d:d so would accept the conclusion, if off to them, that they had not better lived at al bere was o natura! evil, or physical suffering ani a moral evil, which was sin, and he «iil not think it was all leftto be a dark and terrible enigma. it was not that there was a limitation of power, for the truth was that power had nothing at all to do with it. lt was not that there was no power to to avert evil, but that, inthe nature of things, it could not be. any more than if two balis we placed before you and two aided, the sum i made five. No power could a make the angles contained in more than wWo right angles e vu He then proceeded to argue that, without p! evil—that was pain—there would be no j for instan that sensitive ve the wi pot liable to wo would b! from balmy b:eedes or ag bathing, beall the same whether w were applied to it. Faio was. the it were all pleasure the world w of sensuality if man’ Fy Was constrained to follo then be would ne longer be a mora no longerbefree. Was sin, the Certainly rot e why the s Man was irope re her good or ey ty permit was bo compul- nt be azked why $ to live as vuldu’t be otherwise re animal but man’s range would spread tt a wature, h Borgia or Nero, bu free and & y instinct, lem. & man wa be revtrai ed that God's gift te free, wae the g granted him, pai, iinees, or 6 and this inalienable moral reeponsibility was tho highest of all rights. The lecture, of which the above is but ch, waa even elaborite in many perte, aud occupied an hour and a balt de ti vory U. &. Marshal's Before Jw T =P vvein, Jas. 2 James Olark. Mi =A boy named Aline on Mond cent pices passing a coun eit quarter dollar o urpby at Ber oa. { Hick» yn The evidence found him, and in his pores some good emali change. two bad ditars, fou ters, and eome bil the same dead wets var committed for Passing Cour Aylward and bi day, ona charge o terfelt aoverc, tevad in Biwea take place to. morr« ‘ Jan r d attempting othe yerterday ay . senting af BC Merant Fourteenth war y e younk men, pamed Owen kett Jacob Evans, and John Griffin, on a cb iog the parties concerned im committing the gross optrage on the young woman named Bridget Henry, oo Stixday evening, The accused parties identified by Bridget as the Individuals whe her perron. Justice Mountfort com fon Wo await @ further examination of the took int are bave boon Interesting Corresp ; ondence, ener Our New Oricans Correspendence. New Orvegans, Jan. 16, 1852, Jak Thaw in New Ovleans—Effects of the lat® Cold Weather—The Panama Railroad--Carva- jal and the Rio Grande Revolution—General Footes Inaugural Address—Trv of the Cuban Rioters—Novel Enterprise of am Equestrian— Sorivée at the St. Lowts. Jack Thaw visited our city yesterday morning, and by bis warm smiles soon dissipated the snow which remained on the house tops, and ia the streeta. He wae most cordially weloomed by all cur citizens; and we are in hopes he will continue toremain with us The weather was go cold hore on the aight of the Ith instant that sevoral of the iron pipes of the ecquaducts, half an inch in thickness, burst, from the expansion caused by the cold—faxt unprecedented ia the chronological events of New Urleana Tho railroad across the Isthmus of Panana, is progressing rapidly They have completed thir- teen miles of the road, frei Navy Bay to Miller's Station, over which the cars run daily. Passon- gers will commence going by this route some time during the present month, when the steamors will land at Navy Bay, and thus passengers will save twenty-seven mi by the river—-the distanoo now travelled from Chagres to Miller's Station—whioh will leave only tairty-two miloe to be travelled in boats to Gorgona. Tho distanoe from Navy Bay to Gorgona, by railroad, is twenty eight miles, and from Gorgonr to Panama twenty miles—making the whole length of the road forty-eight miles. It ig said the worst part of the road is finished; and as they havea thousand laborers on the road, we may look for it to be speedily completed It appears to bo the general opinion that the Rio Grande olution has been abandored Such, howover, is not the oase. The revolutionists are only waiting to reinforce themselves, when it will be renewed, ona large scale, Carvajal is at Rod ding’s, near Rio Grande city, concentrating his forces. Arms and amuuition have lately been scat to him, and another blow will yet be struck fir the freedom of Sierra Madre General Foote’s inaugural address ia publishod in the Mississippi papers. He reviews the slave con- troversy in Congresa, the compromise measures, aud the effects of the last political canvasa in his State. Gen Foote, itis true, has greatly clevated himeeif with the poople of this country, by 80 nebly advocating tho Unien question; but it would seem impolitic to be thus harping on @ settled question It can do no good, and only prevents the healing ofthe wound He will, it is thought, serve out his term as Governor of Mississippi, and run for the term of Pix years, Commencing in 145) He thus concludes bis addrees—the “rash and inconsider- ate legislation,” having an implied reference to the repudiation of the bonds of the State: — © In devoting our energies ohiefly to the development of our domestic resources; in fostering to every reasons ble extent, and in ail legitimate modes, the various echemes of internal Linprovement at this time so plausi- biy urged upon our attention; in maturing and setting on foot some eulightened and practicable syatem of popular education, and in redressing such inconveni- exces us experience may alow to have resulted from rash and inconsiderate legisiation. we shail best perform our duly as American citizens, and most promote the true honorand happiness of ourselves and our posterity.”’ ‘The trial of the Cuban rioters commenced yestor- day, inthe First District Court. Five of the pri- soners, charged with attacking tho office of the ‘rue Deita, were Grst put on their trial. The jury, however, were unable to agree, aud they wore dis- charged Dan Rico, the celebrated equestrian, now in this city, has advertised for a steamship, which he de- sires to charter for a three years’ cruise, for tho purpose of conveying his circus, first to eastern ports in South America—thenoe to San Francisce, and from thence home—stopping at Asiatic and European ports. It is certainly a novel enterprise, and, with the assistance of Barnum, Dan could, 29 doubt, obtain tho charter of a steamer ’ The first sowrée of the season took place at the St. Louis Hotel, last night, and was o very brilliant affair. Tho belles and beaux were once more en- twined together in the dizzy whirls of the danco, and love's campaign openod with a vigor and a freshness which will, no doubt, lead to many a con- quest axd victory—especially as this is leap year The Legislature of this State meets on Monday next, the 19th inst. Mr. J. FE. King, of Opelouses, and D. L. Rivera, of Conoordia, are tho most promizcnt candidates for the Spoakership. As to the election of the U. 5 Senator, we are all in tho dark. Mr. Downs, though, has no chance to bo re- electe woig will certainly get the office. But, as the names ot the whig candidates aro legion, no one can tell who will get it Orpuers Naw Orwgans, Jaa. 13, 1352 Groat Sn ym— Pine Sleighing in New Orlerns —The Rivers and Raity The Halian Opera Troupes—Dipatts and Coinage of the Mint, ar New Orlans— Colon Grumes the Garwes Case Yesterday was a brash, cold, cloudy day—are gulor blue Monday, with the thermometer at the nt, and strong gales from N. E. At five o'clock in the afternovn, aregular old fashioned Yankee snow étorm set in, and continued with groat violence uatii near midnight. The mean depth of snow was about four inches, but in places it drifted Th an Intelligence from South America, The ship Grey Eagie, Capt. Whipple, arrived at Philadelphia, on Tuesday, from Rio de Janciro, after a passage of forty days. Our advices from Buenos Ayres aro to December 3. Politically the nows isnot very important. It was the report that General Urquizs would cross the Parana, and invade the province during the month of December. Preparations for war were continued at Buonos Ayres with great zeal. The soldiers were well paid, with good equipments, aad it was expooted that Rosa: would take 20,000 mem into the field. There was also a rumor thata large issue of payor money was contemplated. MARKETS. Berxow Avera, December 3—Our market ia duil, ema we cannot report eny favorable change as yet. Flower ond ralt are the only articles of import at present in de- mend, and except there everything ix reiling wt losing prices Balt waa sold at 14 ris Spaniah per fanege Flor on board. at 6) 96 8p. per barrel.and such as was ad. mitted for consumption will fetch 170/ # 1804 curreney per bbi, Our immediate wants being suppiled, the are. vei of any vessels within @ shert time would produce decline Mont toro Deo 4 1851.—Business tn gomerai is dett at present, partly caused by excesive arrivals during the last months, in comparison to thy 4, and partay by the great auxiety shown by the i sales, forcing articles otf by auc iom with the interior ix sli very defective; but little pro- duce comes forward, and the demand for importa ia therefore only amali Fiour—The importation of this article, direct and coasiwise, since our [nat respecte, amounta to 6.176 berreia Stock in all hands we eati- m t 14.000 barrel+; that per Enrique sold at $6 barrei, in bond, three months credit to net cash $4 £0 per barrel This price, and perhaps a rial or two more, wight be obtained to-day tor Reargo Rio pv Javyino, Deo 13.—Oue last roapeote in circular Were dated i2th ullimo, and we again beg to invite your attention fo afew remarks upon (be leading articles of export. and of Americaa import Breadstulfa—The re- ceipta have again become unexpectedly large, amount ing since ovr last, to 42202 bois, which has entirely checked the litte tendency to improvement which had begun to manitest itvel’, Sales have been made of vatiour #ms!! parcels, for export, at 4,000 to $4500 per barrel cash and on time. in bond; a argo o€ Georgetown, part Columbia, and part Dodge, raal- ized 13/000; & © of Pbiladelphia sold at 81500 por bare time, in bond; a cargo of Richmond City M. was placed 14/5°0, and various emailer parce.s bave been acid at 11/000 a 19) 000. time, for Baitunore and Philadeipbia, and 14/500 a 16/500 for Richmond ity Mills, There is no demand for cargoes at the momr ot, and but very iittie disposition on the part of thetrade to buy even limited parcels, while the de mend for export is fully suppi'el for the present The atock in all hands may be 62,000 bbia, of which 26 000 are in first hands We othe rates of retail sales. 114600 a 12/000 for nt and Philadeiphi lijboe ® 16/600 for Richmond City Mila; but doubt if reduciion of even on’ milteis upon these prices wou invite large purchases, Our advices from Pernsmbuce reach to the 2d instant, and thew re port stock about 8 000 bbls. retailing at 17/500 @ 164000 for Trieste, 16/000 for Richmond City Mills, 12}000 a 14/6CO for Vhiladeipnia, and 12/500 @ 13/000 per bbl for Baltimore At Bahie, Gol inst , leat sales ceporte ed were of two curgoes of Richmoud City Mills at from 14/5€0 to 16/500 per bbl; and & cargo of Tri wt 16f- 600 per bbi. report stock in first hands 8,000 @ 9.000 bbla, Quotati 15/600 a 16)¢00 per bbl. for Richmond City Miua, and (0035000 per bbl. for other brands. American Domestics-—A sale baving been made at the very low rates Of 11500 per dcllur of the invoice, the market hea become exceedingly tl nd this feellug haa been in- crenaed by very large simultaneous arrivals. Cotlee— At the date of our Last cirsulur adviees, the market wae Girm at 2)450@6)000. A limited demand for Kurope and the United States has sinee been sufficient to ad- vance prices to 2/700 # 8/800 for good mixed lota, at which rates they are now beld, but with very litte buat doin, 1# ist tar stock at market, and, 40 fer the advices from no consuming countey werrant the present pretensions of the dealers; but so great ts the abundance of money here, the trad to carry very large stocks without inconvenien they will therefore in all probability maintain e high level of prices, until in some manner # large portion of our ficating capital shall be absorbed. We learn that 34900 per arrobe has been refused fer a lot, half superiors, nalf good fireta, while for sunning lote 3! 600 might be accepted. Bugar-Btcck 600cs Campos. We quote white 2) 100 2] 700; brown 1/670 # 1/500 Iides--Btock 70,000. of which about 16,000 light weight We quote 190c. a 195c per tb for light, and 14@c.a1"Cc per ib. forheavy. At Rio Urande, int ult. hides suitable for the United Btates cost from 10% a@10% pertb,onboard. Exchange on England, im consequence of the Limited business in produgo, hes de- clined, and we to day quote L7\c. atc Freights con- tinue miverably dull, nothing at all offering for the U. tates and versela are leaving in ballast every day. We quote last rates, Which muat now be considered nominal, 4c a 600 jd 6 percent per bag for the U. States, and £1108 £2 and 5 per cent per tonto Kurope. Bpsciem Doubloons 0) 200 @ 86| 560; dollars 1) 900, Da'or from the Rio Grande to 2ist ultimo, A Later from Texas. {From the New Orleans Picayuna | We have before us Galveston papers to the 9h inet , besides papere from the fnterior of Texas We learn f:om the Galveston Journalthut Antho- vy Hays, Leoaa Smita, Wiliam Brown, ‘Thompson, four tree negroes of the boston brig Billow, have been convicted of couceal- ing on board of that vessel a runaway male oogro nained Frank, the property of George H. aier The siave had been indicted wita larceny, but a nelle prosegui was entered tomake him a witness against the free On bis evidence it appoared that they board of tho vessel with then that they woud cake him to lioston with them, without any get to him, as they badau abolition friend there yuld take care of him, and send him over ta where ho would be perfeotly safe, where negroes toid him toetay o over night sovoral times, telling to the depth of two feet. Kare sport was had amoag tho boys, snowballiog each other; and several of them from your city, who had fore seen ‘dae white cloud from heaben,”’ as the astonished negroes called it, soon knocked up **jumpers,”’ as they term them, by putting sugar bexes on hoop poles; and for the firat timo in the history ef New (rloans, ‘“merry good sleighing”’ was had in our streets Accoraing to the recolection of the * oldest inha- bilant,”’ we never bave bad such a fail of snow be- fore In the wiater of IN32, enow feilto the dopth cf one inch, but it soon turned into sleet amd rain In 1518, however, thirty-nine years ago, snow foil to the depth cf some three invhes, and lay on the | ground forsome time Sir John Franklio, in his explorations, must have started the North Pole out | of ite position, and moved it some degrees south, fer our latitude has changed several degrees norte since | last wrote you The rivers are frozen hard and fast above, and if | this weather continues, it may be lace in february | bejore communication will be opened with the West Immense quantities of produce are kept from com- ing to our ¢ of pleasure; consequent This weather. however. w cial effect on the people mot de ot is worth al tion in favor c clined to th with w Th at to Our Baiiimore Correspondens Bac ritory, January 9), 1852 Ti $y Flora McDonald Pes § I cod for tha Poor-=D: te ff A aterwd Fivod. Toe ship Plora MeDonaid, with three handred p gera on beard, iee-bound, near Sharp's Isiand, ha received any of the provisions sent to her r latest dates, aithe Nearly a week bas elapsed since rhe wos reported but one day's provisions on board Great interest le manifested as to the fate of theee vu- fortunate people, and fears are entertained that thay are Na most appaliing condition, Oa Katurdey hows | it wae (thought tbat the ate to send ‘ovisions Oa beard frowi Fairhaven, would prove successful Ge ice- bound harbor, was. on 8a day afternoon on) of for acme of the rowdy gangy the feet tt y tod wpriting boys am v and extensive a neebot W 0 Fun vis. were made fight, and je ui t ere captured by the y je La t. however, the ys 0 wounded | th ve Walked Tulsisa distance being “entertained bere of damage to the | bio Canal, by U Po he threatengd (baw and nac. The Susqcebanue, and borthern extremity. will, it ts water that wil) be unprecedent- edie that reading stream, probably dotng mach di ge | to the Tide Water Canal, aud the gromt lumber regio slong its banke . ne ae | rei he would be his own man, and could live just ag be picased—that they had done the same thing with a negro slave and his wife at Now Orloama, whom their abolition friend had protected and sent into Canada, whoro they were now free. But they told him before he oh, ho had botter £0 uptown and tea! what clothes he would need ' ‘That he must have good clothos oa in Boaton, or the peoyle would take him for a runaway slave ; that there was nothiag wrong in his doing go, as he had got no pay for his work, and tho clothes be lomged to him; that be followed their advise, ed himself in the store of Messrs Sterns & ch before night, and, aiter it was closed and the roupants gone, took a lotof goods, mostly cloth- ing, and got out of the back door with them, whieh Were taken on board ef the Hillow, and hid away by tke free negroes above mentioned; that they then | concealed him ing hole among tho freight, in the run of the vessel, where they varried his meals ta him for some time On the evideace of the negro tho prisoners we! convicted ‘ Both branches of the Legislature united ia doing honor to the remains of (reneral Burleson Guy M 1 pronounced m culogium over them o provide for the payment of the publie d the Se by a vote of 2ltol. The suxpen the rules, was read in the Om mittee to have one Adu debt pas ovides for the payment of the home or do- debt. and for some other claims which do not properly come under this description It ap- tons out of the amount Texas purposes, and also pro- ut of the entire dobt, sshall be filed, and mended as to per- ay to Texas suoh who have a lien ior aries F. iki nie, and Dr | Bre or more | parties of volut im invading Mexico. The San Antonio de/ger says that troups from Forts Inge and Duncan, bave been ordered to Fort Brewn. In the meantime, parties of volunteors are daily collecting along th Grande, and : » Waitiog fo foot. A large tly penetrated to the ardreturned without mol it is suid, was to capture r upposed that th Their object, naway negroes; but it y intended,to joia Caravajal, if ful in bia a on Cerralvo. » Camanchos, taking advantage of the dis turded etace of the Mexican frontier, have made a upon severnl of the smal! settlements above e (ndians and the contending and the troops of the Central go- ple of Tamautipas and Coa rable condition. They dare theither party, and are wholly unable thomevlves against the iavasiona of the vernment, buila, are not side to protec éavages Superior CourtePart First, Before Judge Bosworth t ap evidence mployment with # Mr, Wm. D ® partner with Mr. Akorley; partners were dotog busivess im rivalry sprang up ile is charged by ed false and slanderous nt persons, against his cha hbis busines dissolution Briggy—which charges the de- complaint, denied ander oath. who war formes 3 the two former Bowery, neat each detween them; and tha Mr. Akerley with hoving utt words in pretence ¢ racter in connecti¢ of partnership with Mr fendant. ia answer to the | Mr D. B Tasior. in opening the case for the prosecution, to the jury, stated that \t was merely # question of ve- racity between (be parties, and that money was not the | object of the platoti in bringing the action; but merely a vindleation of his character, Counsel for tne defence relied upon the strength of nis eyidenos that the sian- derous words, as charged, were never uttered by tho ndant Thejury, however, deotded differyntly, aad red w Verdict for tae plsasul for $26,