The New York Herald Newspaper, January 1, 1852, Page 4

smal] sales, however, are made at the pate Rms. ng Py North River of this elty. ‘The market days now are Mondays and Thuredays. About 400 beef cattle, on an average, are driven to af city weckly from Philadelphia There are also occasio shipments to Bermuda, to eupply the British naval com- to state that it is difficult to ascertain, tract. rn uevicton, the exact amount of cattle eold yearly, ‘with precision, the rariour drove yords within the limite of the city; bat ithe Delieved that the {rures in the main are essen- tially correct:— STOCK OFFER: MONTHLY. Total.... $8,094 ; MONTHLY AVERAGE OF PRICES, ‘ows and Caves. STATEMENT OF BEEF CATTLE ON SALE IN THE YARD OF THE WAEHINGTON DROVE YARD, FOR EACH MONTH DURING THE year 1850. July ‘The Was! @th of May, 1648. The number of cattle offered from that i time unti tos 48.204 «1951 « Fr , th saree a om the above stateme! 7D tle trade of this city is steadily and progressively increas- ing. An immense capital is involved in it, amounting to several millions of dollars, annually. paare amare The Thermometer for the year 1851. The following table, which we have extracted from Delatour’s Thermometrical Record, Wall street, indicates the thermometer on the first and last days of each month inthe year 1851, together with the coldest day in Arrivais at the Port of New York during the year 1851. ‘Through the politeness of Mr. James Thorne, Boarding Officer im the United States Revenue Department, we ‘are enabled to present the following list of vessels ar- thyed wt the port of New York during the year ending December 31, 1851:— 2B © LER 3 Nein, =F 3 HF F FGF & seeee 752 510 6H S16 126-2 381 Sian sc. te Me Ge ae" 966 fe B Gog. rc Fr § - 4B 08 2 ----— # ee ~ = 2 aa 7 ra a “4 $8 ae f ak ae Bom Py . 2 6 es is ae ae es 29 EL: ae RR ai a aa ane ‘ Sh Boe 2 a i ay 7 it & 8 9 ap ae 8 tak Ter 5 PSE ah agp, a ee ee H Se eam ee 1 pi a Sap 1 Se eae 1 Guatemalian.,, Lo —- — — F Beak TH "HS 1903 “HS WG 2 1 4 3888 United States Whale Fishery. "The following have been the receipts for the Whale Kishery of the United States during the year 1861 :— each, and a general average of the coldest and hottest pert of the day for the month; namely, the coldest at six o’elock A.M. in summer, and seven in winter, and waruiest at three o’cloek P.M. throughout the year:— © , Dronres er Tornvoneren. 7 o'clock 12 o'clock 8 o'clock 5o'clock 4M. M. P.M. P.M. 40 80 36 32 26 382 33 30 % 42 43 38 82 = Bry 18 18 1b 10 23 26 2 ae 31.19.31 39.23.31 1b 23 29 26 25 Er 37 at 45 52 52 50 ; 0 49 54 51 : 43 50 52 48 ry. 33.4.31 42.22.31 % 23 33 39 34 - 34 37 40 38 s 6 72 oT 66 3 67.66.31 68 65 76.17.31 85 80 82 80 84 78 73 7 80.23.31 ie 70 - 76 4 x 84 73 78 75 7.3.31 7 72 87 83 8455 79 o7 62 78.21.31 66 et 7 68 74 m7 6 60 64.18.31 €2 6 63 59 6 of 60 47 50.16.31 49 36 44 41 P48 24 4 39 48 44 42 46 $5 40 87.21.31 From the foregoing, it will be seen that the two coldest Gays of the year were the Slet January and the 27th De. eember; and the warmest, the 11th and 13th September, when the thermometer was 88 at 2 P. M.,on the llth, and 883; at 1 P. M. on the 13th September. The extremes of est and cold have been more intense, during the past year, than in the year 1850, when the coldest day was the Ast January. The thermometer stood as follows: — \olock.4 M. 12o'clock M. So'clook P.M. o'clock P.M. pte “21 28 16 ‘The part year bas been most changeable. Asan in- stance, the following may be given :--On the 27th of De- cember, the thermometer was 10 degrees at 7 A. M.; and on the 26th, at 7 A. M.,38—having fallen 28 degrees in twenty-four hours. Emigration for the Year 1851, For the following official table, we are indebted to Mr. Bernard Casserley, clerk in the office of the Commission- ere of Emigration :— Axsivat or Emicnants at tHe Port or New York, punise rue Year 1861. Ireland.. 266 Denmar! Germany. From the foregoing, it will be seen how vast was the amount of emigrationte this port, fer the year 1851, par- ticularly from unhappy Ireland. The increase over the emigration of the year 1850 is tremendous. The aggregate of 1850 was 212.706. The increase is, there fore, 76,005 for the year, or at the rate of 6.408 permonth ‘This ir the more singular, as in 1850 there was a decrease of 85€7 from the year 1849. The following table will exhibit the emigration from various countries for the est three yeare— 1849. 1850. 1851. 116,532 163 256 45,402 69.883 28,125 28,553 6771 7,302 1,620 2,189 . 8,598 6,064 oT 278 2.361 4.499 1174 1,798 8,150 2112 1,116 _— 90 220 | 475 618 85 26 | 230 475 | 554 875 | | 161 61 : 165 98 103 121 H 61 60 : 11 9 % i 41 42 18 23 62 10 { 5 ' 188 a2 280,601 o' nwt teen from the foregoing, that considerably ' more than half the entire emigrant population is from Ireland. The whcle emigration to every part of this oamtry campot be wader pals e million for the jast year, | mony from twelre to two o'clock on Tuesday of each | ligencer. Dee, 31 ‘Ships and Berke, Briga. Scht. Bil, Spm. Bole, Wh New Bedford....£0 — 454 160,156 Nantucket: —- 2 1 3.405 Fairhaven. — = 9491 14145 — 1 3790 64gi7 - — 110 10,970 ca 857 1 3 = 3858 Li 4 — tn — 1-— 3160 4,100 a 45 21650 =. = $u8 19% 2 = 1,385 30 - — ie 1,650 a es 131 12,808 —- = 1935 16550 8 15 = 2805 307 - = — 8,850 Ll = 220 a 2 = 260 = l= 50 10 - - — 2,800 - - 120 2,600 24-18 = 98,504 341,045 17 16 86157_——-191,752 9 la 99,433 256,183 12 6 108,631 243.876 28 1) «121410 820.545. 30 n 92877 ‘219,763 19 16 158484 © 274,843 — = 138585 267 082 2% 13 167.184 205,861 88 «7 «(168607 +=: 816 Be 42 9 157,643 205,164 & — 1940..165 42 6 (186,445 441 Annual Rej ort of the Croton Aqueduct Department. ‘The President of the Croton Aqueduct Department, Mr. Dean, sent his annual report to the Board of Alder. men, last evening. The document being of great length, we are unable to present the entire contents to our readers. The following are extracts:— AVERAGE DEPTH OF WATER IN THE DISTRIBUTING RESERVOIR FOR EACH MONTH IN THE YEARS 1649, 1850, anv 1851. 184! 1850. 1851. Ft. In. Ft. In ou 211 3 29 6 33° «6 3 — 33.2 31 10 33 10 aL 4 81 ll 29°=¢5 23 1 23 — 27 8 29 — a9 68 27 3 28 10 2 3 November . 3o 1 30 4 December... 2 8 2% 1 2 66 ‘The following is an account of the expenditures:— Balance Appriion by unezpended Com. C'L To cidit Exp'ture. from 1850, for 1851. of 1852. Aqueduct Con- struct’nAc’t $4,562 50 5.653 90 . — 1,191 60 Aqueduct _ re- and im- provements. 23,688 53 9,959 21 15,000 1,270 68 Water and ex- sion . 2955 74 4594 16 — 1,638 42 187,498 12 7,647 31 193,447 18,596 19 id and cleaning 11,230 78 2,075 78 10,500 1,345 00 Ealaries of offi- 1,062 61 1,000 1,491 41 Various works directed by Com. Council 4,427 -- 5,000 572 54 $258,104 03 30.893 97 o1aa7 20,105 84 ‘The following is an account of the receipts:— Received for water +... ...4-+ eee bee interest on unpaid rates “permission to make connections with public sewers......+.6 Total receipte, appropriations, with balances" from 1850, were ... Total expenditures Balance in City Treasury. $760 884 67 259,104 13 501,780 84 Deaths of Distinguished Americansin1851, Age. Date. Gen. Matthew Arbuck! 75 Sanit John James Audubon, Hon. Stephen Judge Fransis J. Maj. Gen. Geo. i. Hon. Henry A. Bullard . Goorge A. Chapman Rey. Walter Colto' Hon. B. W. Crowninahiel Judge Samuel Cushman. Indge David Dageett. Gen. Henry A. 8. Dearl Archbishop Eccleston. Hon, Horace Everett Rev. Samuel Hon. David 8. e Lea. Gen. George McClure . Hon. James McDowell, Hen. Nathan Willis, Hon. Luke Woodbury, | Judge Levi Woodbury Judge Fredertok Whitti Dudley Leavitt, (alm maker)... rm John R. Livingston: (irother, ¢! the Chancellor)... ew Archibald Alexander, D. J. Kearney Rodgers, M.D Gardirer.G. Howland, mer't, + South Carcii Sept. 20 Sept. # 1 Oot. 22 Nov. Il 65 Nov. 11 Hon, Joel R. Poinss Deo 13 Oficial Annunciation of Louls Napoleon. [From the National Inteiligencer, We learn that hia Excellency the Minister of France called yesterday atthe Department of Btate, by the di rection of his government, officially to announse that the President of the French republic had adopted a great measure of public safety ; that the chief of the Btate owed to the six millions of Frenchmen who had elected him, and tothe world which had received his nomination ag a new era of tranquility for France, to preserve her from a revolution of which the world might feel the recoil ; that, strong in bis consciousness of pa triotic intentions in repelling dangers which threaten France and Europe without end, he invited the nation to its free choice of a firm and durable government; that he appealed to the suffrage of all in a moment so solemn to the country, and thought that this appeal ought to enlighten Europe and the world in regard to his object, Tur Wwite House ox New Yean’s —The President's Mansion will be open, as usual, to-morrow, The Presi- dent will receive the diplomatic corps at 11 o'clock, and other visiters from 12to 2. The President receives calls on business fron ten to twelve o'clock om each week day, at which time mem- bers of Congress, in consequence of their official engage- mente, have priority. The Prerident and bis family receive vints of cere- week; and-efter the first Friday in Jaxuary, trom eight to ten o'clock on each Fridwy evening. National Intel- Mar. Rorrgn ~A man named James Hackney har been arrested and taken to Hunteville, Alabama. on a charge of robbing the U8. mail while on board the fteambont Atlantic, between Whitesburg and Gunters- Ville. He was a hand on the boat, and the ciroumstancer Which led to his arrest are related as follows:—Nume- Tous letters were found under bouse near the post | office in Guntersviile, and about the ame time Hackney Was feen with half bank bills of larger amounts than he could be ruppored honestly to possess, This excited | furpicion, and he wae charged with the rebbery. and | immediately confessed it. He had upwarde of $2,600 in peak bi cs 1 nurs is his posscssion, t er drawr in Memphir, in favor of parties in New York and other Dosthern cities, He bad spent about $00, NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNET®, PROPRIETOR AND EDITOR. OFFICE N. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU SS. THE DAILY HERALD, 2 cents per copy—$T por “THE WEEKLY HERALD,cvery, Saturday, at 6% hac enneee fo ny Per Sof Great wand $610 ony Ppa GIRY A ESEOND ESTER T sining ipneriem HES serallypacd for, Ovn Fonsiow Commas” PONDENTS ARE PAB TICU! LY REQUESTED TO SEAL ALL deduched frame MNS eaxcuted with neatness, cheapness, 45) cer TSEMENTS renewed every morning. TERMS. cash in advance. Volvme XVIIL.......0000++ AMUSEMENTS THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING. RY THEATRE, Bo: Afternoon—RAv MOND Penge areca Sreau Evening—PizaRR0— Forxgst or Boxpy—Your Lirr's in DancERy BROADWAY THEATRE, Broatwa; TeRe 1s NoT GoLy -Berry—-Lanixs NIBLO'B GARDEN, Broadway—OcK0—TicHt Rorr— ConsuRon's Girt. BURTON'S THEATRE, Chambers sircet -Oriver Tw sr —Tae Mvnmy, NATIONAL THEATR?, Ch’sthem sizcot— Afternoon— Vauertins ann Onson— Warsi DoGs—~MARDLE MALDEN, Evening—Cuanias XI!—Ogrc.e Sreatens—-MaRuLe Maren, al AMERICAN MUSEUM—Amusinc Penronmaxces Ay TERNOON AND EVENING, BOWERY AMPHITHEAIRE, PERYORMANCES. Mecbanice’ Hall, 472 Broad- ALh THAT GLI.t. RWARE, Bowery—-EquestRiax CHRISTY’S MINSTRELS, way—Brniorian MinsrRevsy. FELLOWS’ MINSTRELS, F Broadway—Erniorran Mins: STOPPANI HALL—Tic Panomama oF THE Worun's ‘AIRe ASTOR PLACE—Pr DERSON’s Seskexs Myste- RIEVSES. DOUBLE SHEET. New York, Thursday, January 1, 1852, Musical Hall, No, 444 New Ycar’s Day. Tue New Yorx Henaxp will not be published to- morrow morning. Our regular evening edition wil] bs issued at half-past one o’clock. This Morning’s Summary. We give in this edition of the HzraLp :— 1,—A chronology of the events throughout the world in 1861, 2.—Number and description of vessels launched during the past year, and now being constructed inthe city and vicinity of New York. 3.—The mortality of New York City, for the year 1851— with the causes of death, and a comparative table of mortality during the years 1850 and 1851. 4.—Statistics of the civil courts of New York city. 6.—The criminal statistics of the eity. 6.—Btatistics of the City Prison. 7.—Number of fires in the city during the year 1851. 8.—Tables relative to the New York cattle market. 9.—Range of the thermometer during the year. 10.—Number of emigrants arrived in tais city. 11.—Arrival of yersels at this port from foreign ports. 12.—Whale Fishery of the United Btates. 13.—Annual repert of the Croton Aqueduct Board. 14.—Deaths of distinguished Americans. 15.—Names of the New York city and county officers, 16 —The members of the State government. '7.—Names of the Governors of the several gtates.and the political majorities in the Legislatures, 18.—The Officers and Legislators of the Government of the United States. 19,--An Almanac for 1852, and the eclipses. 20.—Number of Newspapers and Periodicals published in the United States. 21.—Value of Hempen goods imported for thirty years, 22,—Demise of Napoleon's eighteen marshals, 28,—The corn trade of Europe for 154 years. 24.—Quotations for stocks each month of 1851. 25.--Monthly quotations for foreign exchanges. ‘alue of imports and exports in each month. 27.--Exports of specie from the port of New York. Much other interesting information was compiled for this number of the Herarp, but,we must postpone its publication, in order to make room for the news of the day. Kossuth had a private interview with President Fillmore yesterday. What passed between these distinguished personages, is of course unknown’; but, if we are to judgo from the action of the Magyar after the ceromony, he was evidently dis- appointed. We fear that he has been led to ex- pect much more than Le is likely to receive at the hands of the President and his cabinet. The lat- ter will, without doubt, treat Kossuth with all the courtery due toa most brave and highly worthy patriot—but, at the same time, they will not be likely todo aught to compromise our government with foreign powerz. It is understood that Mr. Fillmore will give the Hungarian and his suitea sort of family dinner, which will be partaken of by a few of our own statesmen—but to which none of the foreign ambassadors will be invited. By reference to the proceedings in the House of Representatives, it will be seen that there was a great deal of wrangling on the iesolution for the appointment of a committee to wait on Kossuth and introduce him to that body. The session was continued to a very !a‘e hour, especially as it was onthe eve ofa holiday. The resolution wags still pending when the House adjourned till Friday. The Canal Board have finally got through with their labors, and perfooted the contracts. Thejobs have been parcelled out to seme one hundred and fifty applicants, who are probably pleased with the selection ; but the multitude of unsuccessful bidders appear to be growling at a frightful rate. Louis Napoleon,,through his minister at Wash- ington, has officially announced that it was for the perpetuation of the tranquillity and happinoss of the six millions of ‘reople who elected him, as fell as that of the wor'd, that ho assumed the,entire controlof the F:ench government.” He wishes all mankind to especially unders'and that in this as- sumption of power, his motives were patriotic and for the benefit of every human being. Time will soon reveal the trath or falsity of these extraordi- Nary assertion:. Two steamers are now due at thir port, from Eu- rope :—viz., the Fravklin, with four days’, and the Africa, with one weck’s later news. They will Probably both be here prior to cur rext publication. Owing to tho dense fog, the steamer Europa did not leave for Liverpool yesterday. She will sail at eight o’clock this morning. Morauity on} Srivrs e model moralist of the Courier §, Enquirer, in alluding to some denun- ciations from a country paper, about the immorality of publishing the details of the Forrest trial, throws up his eyes|towards heaven, crosses his hands, and blesses himself, that he is not guilty cf such in- decency. Wo}(think ‘it would require a very high premium to!procure from the four quarters of the globe a man who'could, make a more per’ect ex- hibition of impuderce—unblushing impudenco. The chivalric, gencral who, to answer his own little personal ends,!dragged a delicate woman and a wife from happy obscurity, and a family firoside in New Jersey, into. the columts of his news- Paper, as ke did in the Inman case, is entitled tothe prize for exhibiting a combination of absur- dity and impudence, unutterable, wnextinguish- Whe Facts and Events ef the Year 185), ‘The year 1851 is now “with the years beyond tt @ flood,” aad we are entered upon the year 1852. On this, the first ¢ay of the new year, wo publish some valuable statistics, to which we refer the reader for informatioa pon many points of great interest to the commun ty st large. They present him with facts and figa ¢s, which; ive a1 accurate history” the year, and 1 dicate with certainty the pro~ 4 that bas been made since the close of" F088 1850. The epi: cme of the events of 18" “#° (ie in" chronological order, will be foun? ga a unusually large number of very ~ hele f 5 In adverting to the statistic as ere . Ibis now? 47° shall begin with newapagers inp _ +47 years since tho first newspaper printed . -sMerica was issued from the press. Tae shea a News Letter was firs: printed April 24th, 1704 | “Tye american Weekly Missenger was first PY inted in Philadelphia, Deo. 22d, 1719. In New” ork the New York Gazette was first printed Octo’ ver 16ch, 1756. In Rhode Island, the Rhode 1’ and Gazette, Ootober, 1732. No paper was pub- fished in Connecticut till 1755—nor in New Hamp- shire till 1756—nor in Kentucky till 1787; and in Tennessee the first paper was published in 1790. Could the editor of the Boston News Letter have be- held, in prophetic vision, the number of newspapers now published, and their vast circulation, what would have been his astonishment and delight! ‘We have now in this country 2,800 newspapers and periodicals, averaging 1,735 numbers at each put- lication, and making an aggregate of jive millions of numbers, while the yarly aggregate amounts to the enormous figure of four hundred and twenty-two millions seven hunired thousand numbers! In the course of the last forty years, the increare is wonderfal. In the year 1810 there were printed in all the States 364 newspapers, giving an aggre- gate of the number of sheets for the year of 25,222,200. The number is multiplied 17 times in the year 1851. Evenin twenty years the incroase of the circulation of newspapers published in thia city is extraordinary. In 1830 the circulation of the largest paper was only 5,000, while the majority of the rest were about 2,000. Now, the daily cir- culation of the Hexazp is between 35,000 and 40,000, and it is steadily increasing every day, as we have recently shown. These are the most grat- ifying evidences of progress, for the newspaper is tke great instructor of the people, and the more ex- tensive its circulation, the more secure are the liberties of the people against fraud, and their pro- perty against plundcr and speculation. The increase of the influx of emigrants to this port, for the last year, is very remarkable. The grand total is 289,601; of which thore are frem Ireland 163,256; Germany, 69,883; and England, 23,553. The increase over the emigration for the year 1850 is 76,905, or at the ra‘e of 6,400 per month! The entire emigration to this country, during the year that has now expired, is certainly over half a million, from the worn out countries of Europe, who have como here to ‘eek civil and roligious liberty, subsistence, and a home, where every man may worship his God “under his own vine and fig tree, none daring to make him afraid.” In the United States, the one hundred and forty principal public libraries contain 1,773,900 vo- lumes, including the library ef Congress, recently burned. The average number to each library is 12,670 volumez. This estimate only embraces tho larger public libraries, and there are many private ones that exceed the largest public libraries in the country. As for the number of private libraries and their contents, possessed bya people among whom education is so universally diffused, it is be- yond calculation. In the bill of mortality there is a considorable increase for the year that has pzssed. The total deaths are 19,610, together with 1,258 set down as still born. The total in 1850 was 16,860. This is an increase of nearly 3,000; but it does not come up to the mortality of 1849, the year of the cho- lera, wke2 23,773 were numbe:ed with the dead, of whom the terrible proportion of 7,000 perished from cholera. By reference to the tabl;s, it will be seen that consemption'is the most fatal of the diseases of this country. The diseasesfatal in the next dogree are of the bowels, and the diseases of children, which are far more mortal than in Europe. The whole mortality is very large, being about one in twenty-seven of the population, whereas in the crowded, swarming city of London, with the thou- sands perishing there from starvation, the mor- tality is only about one in forty. Yet New York ought to be healthier than London. Nature has done more forit, but the city fathers have not aided Bature, and the great metropolis is about the filthi- eat city in the world. In a great city like this, there is a progress in crime as well asinevery thing else. But it isa gratifying fact that for the last year there has been no increase, but rather a decrease. The en- tire number of convictions is 2,494, and among those, we regret to cay, there are eight for murder. Thero aro remaining in the city prison 172 persons. There wore received during the year, 16,522. There is one species of crime, namely, stabbing, that has in- creased considerably during the year, andthere is enough of crime of every kind to stimulate the clergy to greater exertiens at home instead jof wasting their money and energies, and compass- ing sea and land to make a convert or two at tho; antipodes. The fires for the year number 342, while the false alarms were 215. The amount of property destroyed is estimated at $1,144,526.. This is rather less than on the preceding year, when the damage was about a million and a half of dollars. The total number of fires in 1850 was 288, and of false alarms 202. We hivethus given a summary of the principal statistics of this great metropolis, which we pub- lish for the year 1851—the empire city, which is the mighty heart of the country that sends its pul- sations through every vein and artery even to the remotest extremities. All that concerns it is, there- fore, deeply interesting, not only to its own inha- bitants, but to the whole population of the United States. We congratulate our readers on being en- abled to furnish them, to day, in our double sheet, at the price of two cents, a mass of information worth at least a dollar. We present it to them as a New Year's gift, and wish them a happy New Year. Tne Art Union Lorrery—Distrisvtion Post- PronED.—We perceive that the distribution of the Art Union paintings is indefinitely postponed. We are not at all surprised at this movement. The directors say they are short of funds, although they have received within the year $61,920, by their own showing. They want more money, and attribute the smallness of their rocoipts to the ‘ Kossuth ex- citement,” andto the “commorcial distresses” of the country. This statement of reasons is not only false, but it is impudent. As far as excitemonts are concerned, we had, in 1860, the Jenny Lind furore which did not affeet the institution, and as to com- mercial distross, nothing of the kind has been ex- perienced. The country never was more prosper- ous than it has been during the past yoar, arising principally from the immense receipts of gold from California, which enable people to indulge moro freely thanever in gratifying their taste for the fine arts, and in indulging in all kinds of finery. The directors eay in their card that they will not reply to any “‘abuse;” and that they are all highly respectable in their social relations. We do not know that they have been abused; and we havo no doubt but that the most of them are highly respocte able as individuals. But as diroctors of a public netitution, they are amenable to the public for tho management conducted under their name. From that reeponsibility they cannot cecape. Tho truth is, that the Art Union is in the hands of an abolition clique, and siogularly enough it appears from facta which have come to our knowledge, that in addi- able, urenyialle, jek pphowulualsie, Wed ay mon unearthly, tion to paying for oyster and champrgne suppers, &o., &e ,a portion of the fuwis have been applied towards establishing a daily abolit om jowrnal in this a paren Of O° sug used for the legitimas purposes not be 7 Yerbaps this diversion of hefunds ot, Anown to all the direct ore, but it's woll Tr <0 the abolition clique in the direction. ae 418 is one of the many reasons why public cont. nee, particularly at the South, has been with- drawn from the institution, and why it will be finally ruined unless a new board of directors be elected, and an entire revolution be effected in ite management. The Country Newspapers, and the Presi- dential Candidates, ‘The initial steps towards Prosiden* making has already been taken by quite a number of the coun- try newspapers. But small dependence, however, oan be placed in the apparent show of influence which these journals and their announcements of candidates are likely te exert. The only reliable indication to be deduced from all this show of names is this: it points conclusively to the sectional interests which will {o:m some of the elements of discord and confusion at the coming national con- ventions. We have made up from our exchange papers the following list of candidates for the Presi. dency, together with the names of the papers which are committed to their support in the conventions. Most of these journals post the names of the candi- dates in large capital letters at the head of tho first column of the editorial page. But a line of very small type generally follows immediately after, indicating that the oditor’s future support of favorite candidates depends upon the action of the national convention of the party to which he is at- tached. Hore is the list: — FOR STEPHEN A, DOUGLAS. NAME OF PAPER, WHERE PUBLISHED, Democratic, vail; -Chicago IL., . Stockton, California. Urbana, Ohio, MILLARD FILLMORE. Southern Reveille. Examiner. iapatiaycee LEWIS CASS. Democratic. Western Chronicle. - Lexington, Mo. us. WINFIELD SCOTT. +++Rushville, Ind. ‘Greensburg, Pa. + -Detroit, Mich. WILLIAM 0. BUTLER, «Mansfield, Ohio, .Mayeville, Ky, SAM. HOUSTON. . Wooster Co , Ohio, Hartford, Conn, ‘Houston, Texas. Augusta, Maine. jan Augustine, Texas, WILLIAM ALLEN. Democratic GHO. M. DALLAS. Democratic. Democrat..ceccsessee cere soveeees¥8Z00, Misa, DANIEL WEBSTER. WM. L, MARCY. Democratic. Republican....seeessseeee seoeeee Saratoga, N. ¥, HENRY CLAY. Whig. seeseeeeeeeess Dafayette, La, JAMES C. JONES, of Tennessee. Neutral, Palladium.......ssssseeeseeeeeees TPO, Ala. In addition to the list given above, we subjoin a list of papers whcse editors have expressed a de- cided preference for some particular candidate, but have not yet committed themselves so far as to an- nounce their names, in large letters, at the head of their editorial columns. Here they are:— NAME OF CANDIDATE, NAME OF PAPER. WHERE PUBLISHED, Bam Houston Ohio Patriot.. New Lisbon,Ohio, Do. Noble Co , Ohio. Do. . Kalida, Ohio, Millard Fillmcre . New Orleans. Do. Do. Do, Snow Hill, Md, Daniel Wi Boston. Do. New York. James B Mobile, Ala, Do. Bt. Louis, Mo, Henry Clay » Ol Lexington, Ky. Btephen A. Douglas New Orleans. Lewis Cass ... . « Detroit, Mich, Col, Wm, Allen... Hillsboro, Onio. The following table will show the number of the above papers that lend their support to each candi- date, with their aggregate circulation, estimating the average at 500, which, according to the tables lately made out in the census office, is a liberal mark for the class to which most of these journals be- long. canpipaT NUMDER OF PAPERS. CIRCULATION, Buchani 19 9,500 Douglas 10 5,000 Filimor 12 6,000 Col. Wi 10 5,000 Sam Housto: 8 4000 Lewis Cass 4. 2,000 Winfield Scott. 3. 1,500 Ww. 0. Butler . 2. 1,000 Henry Clay .. 2. 1,000 Daniel Webster. oe 2,000 Geo. M. Dallas . er on 600 Wm. L. Marcy ; ar 500 James C. Jones... 1 600 Total. 7 Total.... 38,500 Now, here is presented a very small specimen, but an excellent sample, of the way in which journalism is used by the political traders and wire pullers. There tre, throughout the United States,about 3,000 newepapers; of these, only a very small number, in the large cities, are independent, while the rest—the great mass—are mere tools in the hands of incompe- tent persons. Their proprietors and conductors are, for the most part,country printors,who know nothing about the politica of the country beyond the small circle of their county. Of the morits of their town and county officers they may bo tolerably well in- formed, but they have never been introduced into the myeteries of the great political intrigues that reach and affect the national conventions. They may be sharp enough in the cxercise of all the emall chicanory necessary to olect a constable, or, possibly, a Sheriff ; but beyond this they are on- tirely at a loss. Independent journals can only exist in largo cities, where an extended circulation and large ad- Vortising patronage will warrant the employment of goodtalent, at prices commensurate with its value. ‘These can, and do live on their own resources—on returns thoy recoive from the valuablo publications which they daily present tothe public. Their in- fluence is immense, because the public know that | they aro net the more echo of aclique or party; | and even partisans themselves refer to the columns ef an independent paper to learn the truo state of | pelitical matters. And this is one, cemong many rea- sons, why the indopendent press ie growing so pow- erful, #0 influential an agent as It is. Honesty is always apprcclatcd, mad the independent press iv honest for the sake of its own interest, aside from the moral which is involved. But the tables areturn? ed; the case is quite different—with the small potato papers throughout the country. They are the in« struments which ambitious politicians of all partieg use previous to the assembling of conventionss Either by promise of future aid, or by the paymené sa fow dollars ia hand, these journals are induced to post at the head of their columns the names of certain candidates, and thus to keep them before the: community for the time. Thus much being accom- plished, with lots of other tricks of the same sort, the politicians go into the great political arena, bearing with them their self made interest, ands:> ready to go to work with the large poligician >. the country. ‘ It needs but slight illustration to!) 7 the | truth of this position. \By references» +> pre- ceding tables it will be sean thatthe’ ‘.: candi- dates mentioned have but\Veryfe#): 5:3 advoe cating their cause. Gene! * instance, has but two out of three bh w tho trath ig,, that General Scott is pastthep 3! >- being usefal. to the small fry of the press;h) . 4! 0¢¢n nominated by whig conventions in three) .ne) largest States in the Union and hence, is oa; > thct®each of small potato politicians and papers, who\ReVay,, anything with prominent candidates, while they’ can manage to pick a living out of the small candi- dates and their friends, who are.running about the country with their hats cocked on one side of their empty heads, like so many weak headed or stark mad fools, trying to get nominations, sometimes for mem whose names are not known in the circles where they must be canvassed before there is a glimmer of hope for their political success. The decisions, of course, will be made by the con- ventions, and these conventions will be carried by political intrigue, which scruples at nothing that promises selfish advantage. Intrigue and corres- pondence, bargain and sale, will be the order of the. day with the politicians who are to be found in these. conventions; and when they have arrived at this. stage, they care little for tho small papers in tho country, who can be bought, like onions, in: half dozen bunches, for one hundred dollars, or two hundred dollars at most—the ‘ Tray, Blanche, and Sweethearts” of the press, who, per- chance, will yelp out their dissent until the ap- proaching traveller tosses to their maw a bit of dainty food, whereupon they at once make friends, and lick the very boots that they had beforo snapped at. Let one candidate go up this week ab one hundred dollars, and let fifty dollars more be offered next, and ten to one but the rule of expe diency would be found to apply, and the Skunk’s Abllow Clarion will have concluded to change its candidate from John Doe to Richard Roe. That these things are true is perfectly well known to folitical intrigaors, who not unfrequently make their boasts of by-gone foats in this depart- ment of the jolitical school. As the great question. now looks, General Scott is the only possible can- didate of the whigs ; Butler, Buchanan and Cass seem to be the only possible candidates of the de- mocrats, and Butler the strongest of these three,. the other candida'es, such as Douglas and his asso= ciates, being principally humbug and fanfaronade. Things may change, but this is the present aspect. Tne Iranian Opera IN ITALY AND IN THE Unitep States.—The Italian Opera in this city, under the management of Mr. Maretzek closed, some days ago, and there is.no prospect. that it will be again opened, at least for some time to come. The enquiry is made on every side, how it is that an Opera cannot be supported: in this city, when it is so well patronized—when me- diocre talent, even, can draw large audiences—when: the house is filled every night, and when there is w strong taste and appreciation of the opera among our fashionable and wealthy people? Let us explain why it is that the opera is not sua- tained in this country. ‘The matter is contained in. a nutshell. The whole difficulty lies in the fact, that artists demand for their services about two- thirds more than they get in Italy, and two-thirds more than their services are worth. They swallow up the whole receiptr, and leave nothing for the manager or for incidental expenses. In Italy the case is very different. There, the engagements are made for a season, which generally lasts six weeks. It frequently happens that a singer of some note. gets engagements for two or three seasons in the course of the year, which, in the aggregate, would make from three to four months of employment.. Some of the inferior artists, however, receive but: one engagement during the year, the receipts of which go to their support while they are doing no- thing. The payments are made in four instalments, the last of them being seldom paid, for as a gene- ral thing the terms asked by the artist are calculated without it. Again: If the sub- scription is not large, the artist receives only one or two instalments, although he is compelled to sing as long as the season lasts; or if he refuses, to go to prison. The consequence of this is, that artists in Italy are not troubled with colds and hoarseness as much as they are in this country, where frequently the programme has to be changed becauee one of the principal singers has contracted a cold, or says he has. This does not occurin Italy, where he would have to sing or go to prison. The labor of artists in Italy, too, is very great, for they have to sing six nights in the week, and ro- hearse every day. This is a brief outline of the manner in which the opera is managed in Italy. Let us see how it ig conducted in the United States. No sooner do artists land on the shores of this ‘great country,’? than they assume the most ridiculous airs, and en- doavor to indemnify themselves for their sufferings, small allowances, and despotism in Italy. They make pretensions the most absurd, throw themselves on their supposed dignity, and ruin managers who make concessions to them. After singing six times a week all their livesat home, they will not sing oftener than three times here. On the slightest pretext or misunderstanding, they report themselves eick, and compel a postponement of the advertised performances, at the last hour, theroby injuring the manager in the confidence of the public. They de- mand ealaries which no managor could pay in jus- tice to himself, or with the hope of escaping embar- raeement or ruin; and they go on increasing in tkeir demands until the"treasury contains nothing after satisfying them. Wo can illustrat this by making a table of the salaries of certain artiets who have sung in this country at different periods. For example:— Benedetti received per month In Italy $50 He received under Sanquirico, in this o MODtB sess. seeee +e 300 For the seoond season under Sanquirico, an third under Fry, he received per month, 500 For the fourth reason under Maretzek, he asked. 600 And recently he has received per month........ 700 —(in addition to an engagement for Truffl, to whom he is married, the amcunt,of which we do not know.) Take another instance: — Lorini reeeived for each month singing for @ eeason in Havena..,,, $160" For the second season, .,, 200. For the third.. 300: During his engagement with ‘Parodi, he received per month, for four months + 450 During the summer, per month, , 500. Recently, per MOMth......seseeeeees 600 Again: Borio received, per month, in Europe $200 In Hayani oe 700 From Maretzek, in the summer, 1,000 From“ o winteres, 1,400 Again:— Bettini received in Paris, per month Do. do, Havana, do. To. do, New York, summmé Do. do. do, winter season. (This was independently cf two or three bei These cums do not include benofits. Now, one would suppose that theso sums wore oxtravagant enough, and that the manager had nothing forthor topay. Not eo. Tho artists aro paid their tra- velling expenses from one city to another, and fre- quentiy stipulate fortwo or three oxtra passages for their wives, their sorvante, their friends, or thei? dogs, the expense of which is cncrmous. Bub even here thy muusger is not allowed tor rot, Whep bo bes comeludg bls acrange ments: +Rap Yar poston vel