The New York Herald Newspaper, December 30, 1851, Page 2

Our English Correspondence, 0 wee com swe ; . 6, 185. ‘The Events in Paris—The English and American Peopie Sim :—I was going to write you # letter which would have been more in harmony with my own feeling, and perhaps more suited to your columns ‘than the present, but 1 am obliged to prepare, in ease I should be called upon to take « very hasty journey to the continent, and have no time to write. I cannot, however, waive the advantage of ap introduction from a mutual friend, vo send you & few lines on the main subject. ‘The events in Paris, which have so suddenly in- terrupted the arrangements of journalism, only con- firm my view, that an extensive conspiracy oxists er ee cman wath oon © Oe ie are ie = v7 case, the attempt ny Paris by its t ig but a new step in the progress of that “ he present crisis of the world’s histery—the English [a misrepresented by its government— I do not know where the democracy of Europe can jook for real spokesmanship and su} except to thé great republic of America. id in order to make your countrymen—! might almost claim to eall them mine, since my fa! has drawn its line through your Logs Aine ara the real nature of the duties which the greatness of their republic devolves upon them, | intended to explain to them how far the My me people, not enfranchised, are misrepresented by the government which officially calls itself “Great Britain;” how the people, arm eager g down oa policeman, the Ca ecnstable, the sol 3 how far the people de- sires @ real alliance with yeur people ; and how far the Ly a Rey amongst * that = only safety for '» for peace, for justry, for com- poe: for all that is valuable to men and to civili- h unde: between the mnie is a thoroug! peop! But these objects, so dear to my heart, I must ypone to a later mail. I shall still use my introduction to address you, and sha'l, as soon as possible, explain to our countrymen of the Union the pond duty that awaits them—the exalted destiny that attends their career. The star led banner is the standard of freedom for the world. Adieu. Yorre sincerely, | Tnornron Hunt. Decemper 9, 1851. lam emboldened to address you, not only by the gocd cffices of a mutual friend, whose introduction ie peculiarly suitable to the purpose of this, my first Jetter, but still more by the reliance on your public spirit and nationality. I wish to contribute what 1 ean towards a better understanding between the people of our two countries, and] am assured that you will help in that task. Your own remarks on the position of Europe might alone have justified me in addressing you. You are net blind to what is going on; but the late news from France will have added to your know- Sedge facts pregnant with warning. In America, you have already understood the prognostications of the political horizon for us better than we have curselves, anda true perception of the dangers whieb menace England from the progress of des- petism, is but recently beginning to gain ground amongst my countrymen. The reasons for this slowness are many, and | will not now stop to des- cribe them. J will only note the fact that many Englishmen are now becoming aware how uniformly the action of the English government, though pro- feseedly in favor of liberal principles, of liberal in- stitutions, and of liberal efforts on the Continent, ends in advancing the interests of despotism. In Ktaly, Sicily, Hungary, Schleswig-Holstein, Spain, Egypt, Greece, and other countries, England hae ft been active ly princi. ; but in each one of those countries the result 7 Ni rnin Ss 2 party. Narvaez was 4 aa itted to re-establish the a ¥ liberal English party was troyed in Greese; and people equally throw- ing themselves tian the arms of eds. Oheors fer Italian inde FT for a egotiati separate of Sicily, were followed b; the Sedat sestecalaon of Austrian and Now. politantyrenny. Paper protests in favor of Hun- gary, limited to paper, implied that license of which Russia took euch ample advantage in over- running the England ef the East, to hand it B, to Austria. Schleswig-Holstein is given to mark, under Russian patronage. lanover bes just joimed the Austro-liussian censpire- , the ki assuming irresponsible power to Himself and’ to bis ‘umarile; and ‘now, in France, the protege of !iussia has seized upon the republic, an ceeds at once in the work ef ba- nishing all public men, putting down the press, re- storing the clergy, establishing military govern- ment in all parts, and, in short, erecting a thoroughly Austrian regime. This movement was known Vienna before it was known in lrance ; | doubt whether it was not © ag soon known in London, and I do know that the egeats of Louis | Napoleon had been very busy in the i tropolis before the movement, in the e procure for their chief English suffrages, You will see bythe papers hints of a ministe ori i whic! Lord ‘almerston was to have reli: his seat inthe cabint. ‘The news from Pi ever—whether it frightened our moderate men or not 1 do not know—resulted in superseding the inisterial crisis, and Lord Palme On your side of the Atlantic thi restion that England acquicsces 1 the intrig: os the extension of despotiem; but you will be misled. You who are in the main masters of your own government, do not ey the distinotion | between the England or Great Britain in whose | name official despatches are written, and the real nation; and you cannot understand why the real England suffers ite name to be taken in vain. lt | will be the purpose of my letters to explain the | reason, whic! shall but hastily indicate here. in the first place, eur [Api acts in secret, | and we do not learn of ite proceedings till a long timo after the fact. For example, our government ay inthe French occupation of Iome, by | whieh the Homan republic was crushed in 154°. We, the English public, do not get the doeumente entil 1951, and then they are only “extracts.” This is only one instanee out of hundreds. In the case of Von Beck, our government was accused of em- ploying spies, concurrently with Austria, and the statement was never explicitiy contradicted. Ovber rumors are afioat of the same kind, without proof or contradiction. We English are totally in the dark on the subject. Why do we consent to be thus go gy and misled! Because we are cajoled kept down. Our middle classes are cajoled by ateurances that Lord Palmerston is the most liberal of ministers If they show signs of putting him to the test, they are frightened into acquiescence by threats that we may be betrayed into war, which would be ex- pensive, The working classes, when they are at | work, are so totally absorbed in toil, | frem dawn till night, that they have no energy for any effective movement. They are kept down by the employing class. If they hold public meetings, a oliceman attends, taking notes; and the race of | Powoll, the chartist informer, is well known not to be extinct. Moreover, the politicians of the work- ing claevee are divided by differences among them- | relver, systematically fomented. ‘ur aristocracy amuses itself with email parliamentary faction Oghte, or with tronising mechanics’ institutes, ragged schools, and Bible associations; al porting the minister, whoever he may be, wh ie keeping down oy ~ ple; for all parti aristocracy unite in dread of the people easily perceive how imposeibie it is for th in any national that while one remains blind to m towards the | more numne- rous clase becomes alive to the danger which Napo- Jeon prophesied, and Kossuth has declared to be imminent, no national action is taken to resist the coming invader. The idea of relying on the sup- 5 of your own gett republic hae but recentiy mn enunciated, but it bas seized upon the public mind with great force. The national feeling now inclines to count upon the great Kepublic of the Weet as the true leader against the despots ef the East. Smaller questions are totally merged in that. It will be my task, in subsequent letters, to explain to you more fully the position of parties in this country, and the duty, the giorious enterprise, which lies in the career of your own republic—the Jeader of the future Troayton Hest Our Paris Correspondence. Panis, Dee. —, 1851 The Revolution— Red Republican View of it I put no date to my letter, for the simple reason that | moan to put other things into it which might mot be pleasing to the powors that be, if, by any ehance, they should come to o knowledge of them; and it is as well not to run the risk of being fusillé or buried in # cachot, as dreds, both high and Jow, have already been. with lees cause than rpeak- ing plainly and traly of the atrocities which have been enacted in this place, within the last fow days You will have heard, no doubt, before this reaches yeu, of the revolution which hae just taken place; dubrome time may yet elapep before you will Jonre | We need net follow him thro: bly honert, whether Soult was | | impliett faith in him through the public journals the tratb ; for bere, in Paris, the press ie literally crushed. No journal is seen now which dare say one syllable ef trath con- Corning the recent events. Those that appear, and they are but few, (four or five at most,) are per- mitted to be published upon the express condition oftheir making mo comments upos the atrocious acts of the bloody rule whichnow reigns triumph- ant, or of basely lauding them, and falsely repre- senting them as necessary for the preservation of order, and ion of pillage—the merest and most unfounded pretext for the commission of the foulest = the — ao Tagee—such we shall no for them, e: in the blood-stained hii of the worst ef those Roman butchers who made the imperial city a Senger house, or im the blood- ari annals of this very Paris in the time of the revolution, and the reign of terror. Indeed, there is, at this moment, as perfect a reign of ter- ror, as there crenata To come to particulars and to facts. The state of siege has now continued five days. During three there in the streets, the houses; but one hundred and tity thousand soldiers were too m: of course, for feeble opposition which oo be made by the half armed citizens, who were butchered by the debauched soldie: with the most atrocious Levene There now a fect calms, except wi en Piaine de Gronclle, the sounds of tho fariiadd are heard of poor janates who have been taken prigonere, and are thus secretly ene. Such @ calm! Every heart br with indignation— but not a word, except from the slaves and tools of power, and the few journals that still shameful existence, and are filled with the most barefaced falsehoods and titions of falsehoods —the street walls, stained with the government pro- clamations w! are framed in the spirit of the very father of lies, and wi yet deceive no one, for no one believes them. Great numbers of the best and bravest mea in France, members of the Assembly, and among them “the noblest Roman of them all,” Loepe o —spirited away, and no doubt in dungeons; by whou has all this been done! by a vagabond, “an extravagent and wheedling Crp of here and everywhere”--half German and French creole, who bas passed half his life in foreign countries, and cannot even with correctness, the lan- guage of those whom he now treats as his slaves, and slaughters with the hands of bis base and dranken myrmidens, as if they were cattle in the shambles. no fable, or e: eration, it is true. And why, and for what has it been done! Because the man whe still bears the title of President, which he has forfeited, being in despair of succeed- ing in his progress of obtaining absolute power by fair means, was determined, if ible, to have it by any means. You remember the sentiment of Mac- beth, under circumstances not very dissimilar :— s For mine own good All causes shall give way.” But this state of things cannot continue long— that is some comfort. At present all France, out of Paris, is in Lge ignorance of the truth of the events which have taken place within. Not only so; the only journals which make any comments are those which are devoted to the usurper, and it is quite impossibie to read tem without feeling sentiments of indignation, Pessoa ys and Seam, 0 a de; which passes al pee expression. Iam no Frenchman, bu: itis possible not to feel the liveliest sympathy for the condition of a people thus abased and fallen—thus trampled under foot—thus humbled before the stern despotism of irresistible power. As | said before, however, this state of cannot possibly last. Magna est veritas Goran: The trath will out at last, and France will poe esa eengeanand “break and tear to ”’ the disgraceful fetters which now hold herin bondage, mute and powerless. A rule which stands upon mere force cannot be 1c upheld. Thore is always, in such cases, a constant force, which 7 men wha od stronger one, is , like a its nat ion, whenever the a ANY is arrested, or d’armes, soldiery, oRamgeteneme gn ogra nie bev arvg bane Aid other e: Preservation of the presen! frightful state of order. Milit deepotians is for = a ay we me tae Ni me Tike % a different mg ve rea ton to complain, and Yo regret it he has come in “en ” If T thould have another opportanity of writi I will give ou. an agvount of tome of Nhe incidents of thelast days, but | have no epace or time for them at present. H. M. Death of Marshal We have to-day to record an event which resent news has led the public of Europe to expect, and which, had there been-no forewarning, the great age of Fe Sores eae ay no sur- prise. J Soult, one m™ stinguish- ed of French soldiers, and one of the most exalted of French statesmen, died on the night of the 26ch ult. at St. Armand. Soult was born in the year fruitful of great men- 17069. His origin wae obscure, and, like most of the generale of the empise, he wae of the people, anda poor man’s son. His birth place was St. Au- ran’s, in the department of the Tarn. He was a soldier from thefirst. In his sixteenth year, he en- tered a regiment of artillery; and passing soon under the commande of Hoche and Jourdan, the generals of the new republic, he rose with the rapidi- y ye to the time, when there was too much at isk to allow of etiquette or routine to interfere “= is the search of the men fitted for the work. | character was not only that of a brave officer, but | of a brave officer who was brave at theright time ; and bis merits attracted attention and secured pro- motion. The first occasion on which he forced himself on the notice of the whole army was at the battle ef Fleurus; and the anecdote, taken from the | historian of the “‘Victoires et Conquétes des Fran- | caise” has long been current. Soult was chief of the staff to General Lefebre, who headed the ad- vanced guard ofthe army of the Moselle. When the right wing under Morceau was routed, and the eneral himself forced to fall back on Lefebre’ ivision, he entreated, in an agony of despair, a succor of four battalions that he might sve to ro- lost position, “* there battalions to id Marceau to Lefebre, * or | blow out m; brains. Lefebre hesitated and consulte: Soult. Souls remonstrated, and represented that to lend these battalions would endanger the safety of the whole division. Marceau was ignant tl an obscure side should venture to have any opinion on sucha subject. ‘‘ Whoare you !”’ cried Marceau. Soult responded, ‘* Whoever | am, | am calm, which youare not.” The indignation of Marceau wae extreme. He threatened, then challenged Soult to a “ Tres bien,” fight the following day. said Soult, “! will not treat you with disrespect. But | must speak thetruth. Do not kill yoursel{, (ze- neral; lead on your men to the charge again, and you shall bave our battalions as soon as we can spare them The result justified Seult’s presump- tion. Lefebre’s division was almost instantly after- warde assailed by the enemy. In the middle of the battle, when the French, as Lefebre thought, were be beaten, Seult’s advice was again asked Lefebre wanted to retreat. Soult or out signs on the enemy's side which indicated that they themselves giving way. An order from Jo arrived to charge; and Soult was right, the enemy was retrea! When the battle was over, Mar- ceau confessed the superiority of Soult; 6 two officers embraced, Marceau protesting that Soult had won the battie. Those and similar inci- dents spread the fame of the young soldier. lle gained the confidence of his men; and his genius, | supported by that coniidence, accomplished wonders h the career in which he was only a subordinate. He reached the rank of General of Brigade so early as 1794, and in four eats more he was (General of Division. Na e6 hi’ le glance was ever on the look out for Wort eutenante, and he inquired of Massena, who, the most unequal «f men, was at least invaria- to be trusted! emphatic report was, ‘Soult has ne This led to Soult being brought into in the personal observation of the |, from the first, Napoleon placed Soult was ome of the first generals to whom, in 1801, was handed the baten of & Marshal ef France. Maseeni superio activity wi First Consul; Soult was pay the more trusted that he would never sacrifice his individuality. He was an intensely obstinate man, and would seldom submit to the superior genius of his leader, after he had ved and acted upon the general instructions it was given the command, im camp, of the army of England.” lie hers became romarkabie for the rigid and remorseless discipline he enforced on the troops. They complained, and the First Consul interfered it replied, “ “uch as can- not withstand the fatigue which | support myself will remain in the depots. Such as do stand it will be St for the conquest of England and of the world.” Soult was with Napoleon at Marengo, at Austorlitz, and at Eylau. At Austerlit: Napoleon enid, when he had assigned Soult’s position, * The only instruction | have to give, mi 1, is this: — Act as you always do.” Soult did act ashe always did—acted for himself. in the heat of the battle ordere came from the Emperor, who had waited a long time fer Soult to move, to attack without de- lay, and gain the heights of Pratren. The aide- de-camp returned to emperor with the mar- shal’s reply, “It is mot time yet.” The emperor, enraged, and fearing a fatal blander, sent a seco order. lt was 3 Soul Juma in motion. marebal ane who were extending their line fo weakoning their centre the and he hed waited for ment. aw #1904, ond in the glodpees of the nprured eonquero TIBBEBT silage rele any midst ofa to ; and he was never properly backed. He was ina peor — with Ney, Marmont, Suchet, and King Joseph; and, as they would not do what he wanted, he was the last man to be them. In his second gampeign ry the lish, in 1813-14, he fought on the lost side, knowing ‘it to be hopeless: Oe cams, trium| 3 fi Ge © Fi gaghnd well-carne @ count or in- imical, and wa one Say Soginning te doubt if the always won.” Yet, upen taking command of the army in Jay, 1813, as the “lieutenant” of of the Emperor, is proclamation to the treops breathed the haughtiest csnfidence in his cause and in his chances; and it is wor of notice that while that if the French had been well commanded at Vittoria they would have beaten the English, he is just and noble eno hb to pay the est compliments to Lord Wi . The Sst tae hs tats pee ta ae wi coldaese. Soult was clonal means in at- nt; but this is a taining his ends is v ™ bet Of the results Na- fault omanen 0 all gone ier pons. fen says, “Here it is im from admiring Soult’s vigor abi + + At Albuera he lost one of the fiercest og human record, and that at a moment when e king, by . his throne, fed ae every embarrassment. Nevertheless, holding $s | Sbaaunierar ee still seated taclerees, and again taxing the offensive, obliged the 8 the Gaadiana. If he did not then push to repass his fortune to the utmost, it must be considered that his command was divided, that his troops were still impressed with the recollection of Albuera, and that the ius of his adversary had out for him in Andalusia. With how and a he those tiers extent of country he had to maintain; the ° terior fringed, as it were, with hostile armies; the soficring under war requisitions; the pei secretly hating the French; a constant insurrection in the Ronda, and a government and s powerful army in the Isla de Leon; innumerable English and Spanish agents, prodigal of money and of arms, continually instigating the people of Andalusia to revolt; the coast covered with hostile vessels; (iib- ralter sheltering beaten armie on one side, Cadiz on another, Portugal ona third, Murcia on a fourth; the communication with France difficult; bat- tles lost; few reinforcements, and-all the materia eans to be created in the country—let any man, [ consider this, and he will be convinced that it £ no common genius that could remain unshaken amidst such difficulties. Yet Soult not only sus- tained himself, but contemplated the most gigantic offensive enterprises, and was at all times an adver- sary to be dreaded. What though his skill in ac- tual combat was not so remarkable as in some of his contemporaies, who can deny him firmnees, vigor, tores’ rand perception, and 1s this. combination of high quali- ties that forme a ‘‘groat captain.” Soult, beyond all question, ing very much more than @ great general captain” isa man who can govern as well as ig t. Soult was capable of beroically grand resolutions. His determination to act on the offensive, when sent by Napoleon tokeep the Icnglish from crossing the Pyrenees, and when any other general would hare cautiously trimmed, was worth: after the disasters of Russia, was ready to face Europe, and faced it by advancing on the allies. Soult was essentially a soldier of heroic proportions. His silent reserve, his tacivurn firmness, his inex- orable resolution, awed his army into adequate instruments for his ‘poses. He never knew when he was beaten, and never allowed his troops to by og oom tee Soult was abse Spain during me Lord W. most Reeeestal. It may be that had he istoria, he would have id as badly as M but it is a fact that Spain was lost to the Emperor while Soult was with the Emperor. Soult was withdrawn in consequence of the complaints made by King Joseph. J: hb had written to his brother to say that either (Joseph) or Soult must quit 5; The withdraw- al was only foratime. Soult with Napoleon, serving him faithfully at Baucten and at Dresden. But there came the news of Vittoria. Southern France was uncovered to . Only two men were Napoleon's estimate, to meet Wel- lington— Napoleon and Soult. He could not go himeelf; he sent Soult. It was a & high trust, and Soult was worthy of the confi- dence reposed in his genius and in his honor. He lost at San Sebastian, at Orthez, and at Toulouse. ‘Then there reached him the news that the Emperor had abdicated. He did not even then submit. There wasa truce,and he paused. None knew whieh course he wonld take. At last he submitted— verbaps not becaute he despaired of Napoleon. Vith a rugged outward indifference to all changes, he now became a loyalist. Like other marshals, he consented to be courted z Louis the Eighteenth. ‘The most formidable of t! was courted more than the others; and he bee: Minister of War to the restored Bourbon. ‘T rialists called i 0 the Emperor—anid so it was. But he can be comprehended at all, in tions, had only one rule to steer by trongest. He had no “principles,” on of principles’ was neither a ro- , & royalist, nor an imperialist. He hada Reith in and a love for Napoleon, there is no doubt; and ifhe kw become 5 wy JA to ~~ NVILI., for the very purpose of ra) AVUL, it is very certain thathe did tet bh to desert tohis former chief the moment the news arrived that Napoleon had landed from I:lba. He referred, like all soldiers, the winning side; and on Napoleon’s side he saw not only the best chance, but the side on which his natural leanings place: him. He had, however, coased to be minister, or connected with the government at all, when he re- joined Napoleon; and hence his a from the dangers of which Ney was tho victi @ was with Napcleon, his “right hand” througheut the last struggle. He fought at Waterloo; and he it was whom Napoleon only would believe when told all was hg There is no need to particularice portion of the history. After Waterloo Soult was, perforce, patient. There could be no second return of the kmperor ; Bourbons were not disposed to trust hi had he been dieposed to trust them. «i from lrance, taking shelter in » and t) he remained three years, it is enid writing his mili- little expecting that been accomplished. ay uf £ g i i E zt p tH ul a / Pry i 4 et site s 7 shal Soult became d in France and in Europe as the ret eeu of bad Eagieh ” and the onent, a mica, haere Mean 5 Bs Pos! held or the bun or a sdzcossor in s i ous Agee ear jons—“* wa, of a lietonant of that Emperor wat, | great mission and | thal Soult bad terrible post to a 5 of the reign Philippe lier of Louis was # su0- bet mee poe meg ae now now at ew i benaw ‘a to Marshal Soult the logked allother men. In the insur- rections of the 5th and 6th June, the marshal had evel g in his ped the sadichent reply. to the doubts which were then openly expressed of his honesty, was the fact that he stood by the King. He astounded the andthe cabinet by his sug- stion, at that time, in the event of a serious should abandon Paris! But his perhaps, the counter-plan, to overnment, in his own de; ent, was confes® Mine csbiant ke hered tn mare teens. of ie e | more an aneet ye. ~ would have desired a war for Poland or for Italy; he strenu- ously resisted all the republican appeals for French intervention, and wh r wisely or not for Europe, with prosperous ences for Louis Philippe. A marshal of the empire could alone have sustained the odium of an lish , which meant penge, and the King fay appreciated the service. it does not appear that the marshal and his col- well together. The marshal and uizet were enemies; and for “ doctrimaires,” qnesty M. Guizot and his sect began to be begat bere had a profound a Sane 5 a a yr 0! there vase 8 t] the obinel M. Guizot om M. aha! Fedred-—the Srounds being parsly personal be re ron T8001 tween himself and his 5 ail of Mar- shal Soult was the occasion of serious complications and difficulties; but he would not reconnect him- self with those who had insulted and defied him. Tetons; and by the Ring,’ who hed already” co . wi enced seul goverituns, he was confidentially consul! At the the 11th of October of 1834), net formed by M. Mole, —— 1 active. It wasin the Louis Philippe in coating ant sys- tem of home government which was, in the end, s0 fatal to his government. For this Marshal Soult was but tly responsible. Of the foreign policy Te lippe, from 1830 to 1842, he was a su; ag pap mapenr ye wntngnen ee Sadged. foreign ee osanaer te in trath, however, rested, and were it On, one ano- er. In 1837, Queen Victoria came to the English throne, and at the coronation ef her Majesty, in 1838, Marshal Soult was selected by the cabinet of the Tuileries as Ambassador Extraordinary to Len- don. His mission was to coment the English alli- ance, by renewing that alliance with the new sove- reign; and, asa in that character, he agent was received with a national bene ny in England. Compliments wi howered upon by thecourt and by ministers; and the people greeted the great general, the ancient enemy, wherever he appeared, with enthusiastic cheers. At-the coronation his figure was the second in interest; and in the proces- sion his carriage, “a blugpodys in the shape of a ondola, with silver mor ,” was grander than at of any En; peer. The Duke of Welling- ton appearedat _— places with bim, and, thoug malapropos, public instrustors sneering about Tou- louse, and even going so far in detraction as to sam~- mon Colonel Napier into a manly remonstrance and reminder of the pillar at Corunna, the public were mad with joy at the auspicious conjunction of the two heroes. k We next come to ISil. The ministry of M. Mole fell. The minister, and the press, and the hamber were at war, and, to avoid the storm, the King sacrificed a faithful servant. A new minis- try was formed, and, in consequence of the dissen- sions of M. Guizot and M. Thiers, who would no longer act together, Marshal Soult was called to the presidency of the council. But this was not brought about without difficulty. While the King was without aministry—or rather without a ministry of repute enough to meet the crisis—there came an insurrection: the revolt of May 12. The provisional cabinet was swept away, and the King and society found aman in whom they could confide in Mar- shal Soult. While President of the Council he un- derwent the storm excited by the “ Syrian ques- tion,” and secured an intense papopularity by his honorable anxiety to keep faith Lord P: r- ston. His ministry was not | lived. M. Gui- | zot entered power, and the results conatitate the news of yesterday. Since that time Marshal Soult, enfeobled by age, but still intellectually vigorous, lived in retirement, in the enjoyment of boundless fame and ample for- | tune. B B & 3 5 = Ki s = E Expedition, (From the London Chronicle, Dec. 9) | At the meeting of the Geographical Society y da eS ae interesting com- munication in to the missing ships in the Arctic Seas, w — ‘. Pytavrr, Averpren, Dee. 3, 1851. Sir:— beg to lay before Pha) and the scientific body to which you belong, a few observations which came under notice during my late voyage in search of sir John Franklin, which | consider of & importance at the present critical moment. On the 25th of August, 1850, poring, iinet Captain Ommanney, on the west side of Welling. hannel, and seen the traces found by him of ao I considered it my course to turn to the eastern shore of the channel, with the view of exa mining those parts more closely than bad been done betore. The result of my return was most satisfactory, for not until then were the winter quarters of missing ships discovered; snd, what is of still more importance in m: i as re) the route of the mi » & Watch tent upon a ht about four miles north and west from the position = pied by ~e ships. This tent was Mang A for the purpore o! weeeting 9 move of the ice in Wel Iogterr channel. fo ske rate of sledges going and returning from making observ: tione upon the channel, and in the tent we found small piece of paper with the words, ‘‘ to be calied. | The other part of which must have been torn off, thus evidently showing that a regular watch had been kept. Cn the Sth of September, 1850, from the top of Cape Spencer, a height of at least 730 feet, open | water was observed beyond the fixed ice in the channel. The «trong easterly gales which we e: erienced some time previous to the above dat d counteracted the prevailing current fri westward, and had driven the ice through Victoria Channel into the Arctic Basin. On the 7th of September a strong norther!; ale brought away fifteen milos of ice down Wel- i Channel, ving only about fifteen miles of een the two seas. I ing commenced our travelling onthe 13th of April, 1551, | came upon water and decayed ice on the 15th of May, in the channel betwoen Cornwallis Land and Baillie Hamilton Island, obliging me to return to the east of the said island, and then to the north. We gained Point Sarprise, in lat. 76 deg. 2 min., lon. % deg. 55 min. The water washed the point at my feet, and extended twenty-five miles weet. The sky indicated water to the north, round Dundas Island. The moment! stood upon Point pee, with a full view to the west, | ex- claimed, * Through this channel Sir John Franklin has gone in clear water. Ob, for » boat!’ With this conviction on my mind, | returned, with the determination to use every exertion to get a boat up to this water. y the 20th fh same Levey 9 Messrs. (:eod- _—* hess was lonnchetinte Re water, inlen. Lk. to the asto block up channels between the cider and ee ae ee SS Be mention here, during my last voyage, a wh boat was filled with eggs off a s1 i on . 73 deg. 40 min., and we could have taken four boat loads off the same island, had the birds been in season; and when such is the result of ‘ience, whocan deny that Sir John Franklin and brave companions bar, bene exist still ? 20th of June I sa' protection of the ice these narrow straits. brave companions ir native shores to battle for science. Hu- mantty demands fearch should not be ven up until the searchers shall have pass the Arotic basin and out into the Pacific Ocean, and, until such a course be pursued, the fate our missing countrymen can never be Ihave the honour to Fameing cle, jour most obedient servant, M. Penny, Late Commander of an Arctic Expedition. To the President“of the,Royal - Geographic Society. The Arctic Expedition. REL - the London Bun, December } The following correspondence ha now for the first time been made public :— MR. PENNY TO THE LORDS OF THE ADMIRALTY. Sur Horex, Lonpon, Sept. 12, 1851. My Lorps—On my return from the Arctic re- gions I beg to lay before my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, at the very earliest moment, on consideration, certain points which are of vital im- portance to the in which 1 and so others have been engi 3 and! beg your Lord. ships to excuse any undue freedom of expression ich may occur in putting before you my convic- tions. First, I have, under a deep sense of duty, to express to your ‘Lordships the extreme importance of the fact, which | have learnt ba Age ha turn, that the provisions carried out by the North Starare lying in Disco Island. Had this fact been made known to 7 entra Ces = the time when so |, OF year, it mt ave very materially oeeeted the question of thereturn of the expedition, whose labor, now that the course taken by the mis- sing shipe is known almost to a certainty, could not have been remot Se oe ee ee upon. The whole Austin’s squadron are con’ from my report, and from not having seen the North Star themselves, that Mr. Saunders deposited his ns at Disco. I feel bound to add that had officer permitted me to see your etnies Soonursti ase was with the of your Lordshij ne Your are aware I have discovered the course of Channel lies N. W., @ distance miles the point vented all access northwards, both last year and the present, up to the of our return; and in my o ‘@ powerful only, to take advantage of the short searon, is fit for the accom- plishment of thework. It is not possible to over- rate the advantages of steamer ; it would do with safety what nothing else could accomplish. Thirdly—My observations convinced me that, this northern latitude once reached, eomparativ open water would be found. The climate improves; and in Pes of this I may mention, thet within this channel at Point Surprise, lat. 75 deg. 2 min., long. 95 deg. 55 min, we found ducks on the 17th Mey—full @ menth earlier than in the lower lati- tude; while the sea was even then sofree from ice that the water washed our very feet as we stood upon the pomt. The Cp of wood atively large, and among this was found drift wood of English elm, evidently to thrown overboard from the Erebus and Walrus and seals were also seen and killed. from all these circumstances of improved food and fuel, it ie impossible todoubt that ‘Sir John Frank- lin’s party may still be living in this most northern region. in conclusion I venture to put before yeu: lord- ships the importance of immediate steps for the prosecution of the search ; and! entreat you to send 2 & powerful steamer without delay to follow up ¢@ work, which we have failed to accomplish for want of fitting means to do 80. And on account of feel! myrelf fettered by the terms of my in- structions | feel bound to state, in further ¢: planation, that the terms of the instruc 1 received from your Lordshi; me no alternative butj to re! ‘error. And home. it not been for these restrictions I should not have dared to have done so. At the same time, with my Had esent means, but crip; by the depote ot pro- mm visions which have been left on the coast, and with no known resources to fall back upon, | could not have lasted on another year without great risk fo would not return westward, | leave your ips ‘to judge ifsuch a eye asl may to it, does not afford additional ity for send- to meet them at the earliest moment. f the promptest measures are anda steamer prepared with all possible \» she may reach Lancaster Sound before it is closed by ice for the season; and for the command of such @ vessel, to be accompanied by the Ladg Franklin and Sophia, whose officers crews are to & man willing and eager to return, I beg to offer my services. officersand men are in perfect to follow wherever I may lead Ifthis plan be ad the North Star should be sent up next "pring. with provisions, eoals, and stores. Thave, &e., (Signed) Wm. Pexny. My 1 ba on ety September. » My Lords have thought it pro; to request the attendance of Sir Francis Beaufort, Sit Edward Parry, and Sir James Ross, Captain Beechey, Sir George Back, and Sir John Richardson. The following officers—viz., Sir Francis Boaufort, Sir Edward Parry, Sir James Rose, and Captain Beechey, attended here this day; Sir John Rich- ardson and Sir George lack not being within reach. This letter, No. 15, was placed before the above officers present, and they have seen Captain Penny, and having afterwards communicated with th lord-bipe, my lords, on a full consideration of the fo aaa declined acceding to Captain l’en- ny’s offer. Present. Francis Baring, Admiral berkeley, Admiral Stewart, Captain Milne. W. A. B. H., See. Acknowledge receipt of this letter, and acquaint Captain Penny that my lords are gratified by his zeal, and this generous offer services to roceed with his two ships and @ steamer, to on- avor to reach Lancaster Sound this season; but that, on a full consideration of all the circumstances of the case, their lordships decline to accept the offer. W. A. B. He SECRETARY OF THE ADMIRALTY To MR. PENNY. ApMIRALTY, Sept. 15, 1861. Sin—Referring to a dispatch from tain Aus- tin, of her Majesty's ship I' esolute, the 12th of August last, in which he states that, “having communicated with Captain Penny, and con- sidered his official ly to my letters ive to the i of Wi St ee, the 7. at success, ) not feel authori: if have, &e., (Signed) W. A. B. Kamiiton., MR. PENNY TO THE SECRETARY OF THE ADMIRALTY. 437 STRAND, rr 15, 1861. Sia] pup sorry that J Rave pot With mye fopy your jon is 1 roam tt mente rseateity ton Chanael. — no further search.” before him all discovered xen water leading northwest out of Wellington Channel. ve, dc6., (Signed) Wa. Penny. SECRETARY OF THE ADMIRALTY TO MR. PENNY. ADMIRALTY, Sept. 15, 1851. Sim—With reference to your lotter of this day’s date, in whieh you state that “I begged (Captain Austin) to give me one of his steamers, and | would take the Sophia, and act as a pilot, rely up the Channel,” I am commanded by my Lords Commissioners to acquaint Pe i that Lords would wish you to apne 1 Wellington ‘Channel, which would ha ted el 0 which wo: ve provent theee vessels Proceeding inthat dire ¥ have, &s., (Signed) W. A. B. Hamitton. MR. PENNY TO THE SECRETARY OF THE ADMIRALTY. 437 Sreanp, Sep: 16, 1851. Sim—In reply to your letter of the 15th inst., in reference to my application to © Austin to Gortivend int ane poe ties te tee aes asa pilot, and go > apn requesting me tdekplale leesty whether there was not a barrier of ice at the entrance of Wel- lington Channel which would have prevented these vessels proceeding in that direction, 1 to state in reply that there was undoubtedly of ice at thetime I made the application; but 1 never- theless was anxiously desirous to go up to it with chance of its opentag’ wot the, aetting ia of the e opening un’ frost at the close of the season; it being then un- see eee had oe —— remained from the west, as mn was, | could not e: tany change, but a shift to the eastward would have made @ ra- pid alteration in the ice. It is my conviction that to such a sudden change is to be attributed the of Sir John Frank- lin’s precipitate departure from his winter encam; ment. For this reason I was most anxious to ens at the edge of the ice. I have, &e. Signed) Wu. Penny. SECRETARY OF THE ADMIRALTY TO MR. PENNY. ADMIRALTY, Sept. 15, 1851. Sin—With reference to the first paragraph of your letter of the 12th A) to the Seere' of the Admiralty, in which you state that ‘tl Lag Land es Ae so pee wore a) ose of a retreating »” lam commantea by my.Lords Comentiaiboane ef the Admiralty to call upon you to define more particu- larly what is meant by the said eam. I have, &c., (Signed), W.A. B. HaMILton. MR. PENNY TO THE SECRETARY OF THE ADMIRALTY. 437 StRanp, Sept. 18, 1851. Sm--In refercnce to the expression used by me in my deepak of Are 17th, that the traces ran we squadron. To make sare I took « Hur, whiout fading anything which esa which ¢ the idea, ofa Men y. s Had it been a retreatin; traces would have been found of such in the way to it and in the way from it, in some quarter or another, the whole meager) Reon been scoured without dia- covering any. ve, &e., (Signed), Wm. Penny. SECRETARY OF THE ADMIRALTY TO MR. PENNY. y AvMIRAL-TY, Sept. 22, 1551. Sin—With roferenee to your letters of the 12th April and 8th September last, and report of the zealous assistance afforded to you by the seve- ral officers and others therein named, as as to the general good conduct of your men, | am com- manded by my Lords Commissioners of the Ad- miralty to acquaint you that my Lords desire to express to you, and to the officers and crews of the Lady Franklin and Sophia, the sensé they enter- tain of their praiseworthy conduct throughout the service they have been cures upon; and the satisfaction of my Lords at the untiring and worthy exertions of the travellin; if, as evinced in the space traversed by » and the Beographical discoveries they have made. M aro further of opinion that great credit is due peg and Captain Stewart, and to the officers un | eed orders, for the state of health maintained on beard your respective ‘FT ‘ou will assure Mr. Peterson that value of his eervices is fully acknowledged by their Lordships. Lam, &e. (Signed) W. A. B. Hanrzton. MR. PENNy TO THE SECRETARY OF THE ADMIRALTY. : 487 Srranp, Ost. 10, 1851. Sin—I have read in the ey cease between Captain Austin and myself, wi their Lordships have been to send to the newspa- #; without meaning any disrespect to their rine hope I may be allowed to say that I think is not fair to myself, as 1 had no opportu- nity of making any explanation of the circumstance, bes is quite necessary to a right understanding If the object is to show that I thought more could be dene than the com searen | made of Wellington Channel, it is answered by my having asked Captain ‘Austin for the help of a steamer, which | would pilot up. Captain Austin’s own despatch shows on s previous. occasion he did not afford me the assistance which | might have expected from him in my boat up to the bey But when Austin seemed to to upon me, Thad done all that man could do, the responsibility of his there F himeelf, and follo' my discoveries, | that he'had got my cha, ad that T boa sleo told him my convictions that Sir John Franklin had up that channel, in clear water, and fimo judge for himself. My last words to tain Austin, when he was going to Jones’ were—“Go up Mey oe Channel, cir, and you will do good service to the cause. by Captain Austin in his absence what he to have done by me, but now that he is on the spot I do not hesitate to say that | have received from bim very unkind ‘asl think, very unfair treat- ‘e some of his own officers could bear out my assertions. [ have always endeavored to behave to Captain Austin with respect that ue to an officer — 80 high command in her Majesty's service, and I t! his officers have to this. I disdained to say anything (fthis kind in his absence. Their Lordships know that my training has not een to write official letters, and | am free to con- ese that | felt much hurt and offended that Captain Austin should thin! necessary to write tome as all I had been saying to him beforehand hed gone for nothing. I left London for my home at Aberdeen on Sat- urday last to see my ut two hours after, being informed of the publication of the letters, { started on my return, and am now to make ni id such personal explanation as their ips may it an tunity. Ihave, &e. ais (Signed) x * Wa. Pexxy. SECRETARY OF THE ADMIRALTY TO MR. PENNY. Apminary, Oct. 16, 1851, Sin—Having laid before their Lordships your let- tor of the 10th instant, | am desired to acquaint you that an opportunity of inaking such explanations as ou may wish, regard to proceedings, un be afforded you; and thet my Le will com- municate further with youon the subject —lam &e, (Signed) W. A. B. Haminron. MR. PENNY TO THR SECRETARY OF THE ADMIRALTY. Sin—I hope there will be ue chjection oe’ihe pa Sin—I hope there w ne ol on the of their Lordships to my having returned to ite reports and journals of my officers and nyoal, ast am anxious that some account of what has been dene should appear in as as soon as possible. am, &¢., (Signed) Ww. Penny. SECRETARY OF THE ADMIRALTY TO MR. PENNY. Apirarty, Oct. 16, 1861. questing that the’ roports ‘and, jouraale of yout proceedings, and those of the ‘ofleers under at command, in the