The New York Herald Newspaper, November 15, 1851, Page 6

Bactimorg, Nov. 13, 1851. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad—New Rowe for Western Travel, §c. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad give notice that on and after the Ist of December their road will be opened to Cheat river, a distance of more than one hundred miles beyond Cumberland, the point at which Western travellers now take the stages. From Cheat river, stages will be run over the northwestern turnpike to Parkersburg, enabling paseengers to reach Cincinnati in about fifty-four hours from Baltimore and Washington, at a cost of sbout fourteen dollars. This new route will, doubtless, meet with great favor. The stage travel will also be further decreased on the first of Agel, when the road will be sqened to Tygart’s Valley, about one hundred miles trom Parke: . There are now five thousand hands at work on this road, between Cheat river and heeling, and there iz no doubt of its being compleied by the close of next year. The revenue of the Baltimore and Obio Railroad for the month of October, has been $133,251, of which $105,069 were from the main stem, and $28,152 35 from the Washington branch. Philadelphia, Puivavgcenia, Noy. lM, 1851. Trouble between the Government Cownsel in the Trea- son Cases—The State of Maryland to have her way tm the Matter, by Advice of the General Govern- ament. As Mr. Edward Gorsuch, who was Killed in the Christiana aflray, was a citizen of Maryland, the government of that State has taken a lively inter- st in the prosecution of the treason cases which have grown out of it. The extent to whioh the ‘celing on the subject has been carried there, is un- Mr. committee, was an clones, of his political opponents, he Pie Cheteld' eae. the viralence officer who intends to prote: interest of the people, fearlessly and honestly. And although he has claimed as being an anti- renter, we have discovered nothing in private warrant such a fame ‘either have we or official capacity which will upon his \° $e secaness Gay Se has ever been ae barnburner, as has D charged him @ the election. We know, however thet he keeps in his office one of the most noisy, blus- ing, Sengescomts specimens of barnburner- ism clerks, who was also in the office with Jeho Van Buren. The Attorney General's office is no place for such a ranting politi: cian. In relation to Wheaton, who is probably elected Canal Commissioner, there is not much — with the e: that be is Mayor of Syracuse, an ultra al and is accused of lareacreens. the United States officers in their recent atvempt to ar- rest @ fugitive slave. Benjamin Welch, Jr., who is believed to be elect- ed Treasurer, has ever been ore of the moet viperous barnburners in the State. He has been for seve- ral years the petulant seribbler for the Bujfulo Re . His opposition to the Canal bill, to the enlargemert and completion of the canals, been as determined as even that of John Van Buren hia- self. And it isa mystery to us, that he received apy support on the line of the canals. The party cords must have been drawn very tight to compel voters, whose interest dictated otherwise, to cast their votes for Welsh The ctor of State Prisons, Gen. Storms, is believed to stand the highest onthe ticket. This is owing partially to bis military fame, but mostly on account of the attempt made by the whigsto identify him with the native Americans: Many adepted citizens erased his name from the ti i this and other cities ; but ia the rural distri: proved to bis advantage. oubtedly owing to the fact that, from her situation as one of the border s\uveholding States, it is re- garded as very important to Maryland that the | ugitive slave law should be enforced; and that | those who have resisted against it should be made | examples of. ‘The Governor of Maryland appointed the Hon. | Robert J. Brent, Attorney General of that State, to act as counsel on her behalf in these important | trials. Mr. Brent wrote to Joba W. Ashmead | Esq., the United States District Attorney for this | district, informing toat oflicer of the fact that he | had been retained by the (rovernor of Maryland, and tendering his professional services accordingly. Mr. Asbm replied, in substance, that he should cheerfully avail bimseif of the aid of the counsel employed to represent ‘ue State of Marylaad; bat that ke thought it best and most judicious to re- | serve to himself the closing address to the jury. At | this Mr. Attorney Geueral Brent took offence at | once. He wrote a very spirited and indignant re- | ply to the Distric , declining to come into | ‘the cases upon such terms; and there the matter rested for some time faBut, it is understood that, within a few days | past, the authorities at Washington have intimated | to the District Attorney for this district their wish | that the State o: Maryland should have her own | way in the business; so that, undoubtedly, the counsel employed by that State will acta: senior, | on the occasion of the trials ; unless the“ order of | exercises” undergoes another change, subsequently Thi itllgence will ut, i i will not, it is thought, be un- | welcome to eminent ceansel who ieee under- taken the defence of the prisoners. Probabiy there is nota lawyer in the S:ate of Maryland— the bar of which State is highly distinguished for | talent and learning— who would not be a@ less for- | midable adversary bere, before a Pennsylvania | Jury, in a case like those that are soon to be tried, — =. meet That gentleman is not only ¥ orougbly prepared, 08, whieh he has |) bie indef treason cas } ably for two months | past, but he address to juries | which is mer id * ti and he has beea | remarkably successtul as an advocate B | Albany. Axzany, Nov. 13, 1851. | The Naw State Oficers—A Stight View of the Recent Contest The result of the election in this State has dis appointed almest everybody. The whig leaders of | the woolly section imagined that their ticket would | be elected, on account of the great hue and cry they made about the canal enlargement and com- | pletion, believing that question would operate as | much in their favor as it did at the special election: | in May last. The silver grays being convinced that an abundance of deceit, treachery, and falsity, | ‘was curled up amongst the wool, openly acquiesced | in the State ticket; but, io many counties, such as Albany, Monroe, Ontario, &: , greatly opposed it. During the time between the nomination and | the election, there was an apparent community of | feeling, and all seemed coutentedly standing upoa | the platform erected in August. But the result proves that there was not the fraternity, on either tide, which was profersed With the exception of Uliman, there was not a single candidate on the ticket that the grays cared a farthing about | mee! The clique at Albany placed Patterson, | their candidate for Comptroller, late law | ef Seward, apon the anti-rent ticket, whish was | intended as an offeet inst any advantage his opponent might obtain by being adopted by the | Auti-Rent State Convention. "h thie means he | obtained several hundred votes Te Patterson had | been elected it would have been a Seward and | Weed victory, more essentially than the success of | any other man on the ticket; and bis defeat is lamented over by Weed, (ireeley, Seward, and their followers, more sincerely than the lors of all the rest of the ticket. With the advantage of the | tions, and the popular | ith them, the whigs great odds in their In consequence of this, their defeat is the ful. They were, as yesterd: ir strength, power, and mig! Dational and State adminiet; side of the canal qaestion Went into the election w favor ut to-day they are shorn of their mighti- d have becom: distracted, disorganized, party, deprived of every means of accom- any object they had in contemplation The democrats have elected for Comptroller, | John C. Wright, formerly of Schoharie, but n Scherectad; Although be once occupied in the Senate of this State, he has never exhibited any peculiar traite of statesmanship or talents above mediocrity. Luring his term, the split in | the democratic party occurred, and living in the | same county with Governor Pouck, he espoused the bunker side of the controversy, and made several | epeeches in the Sevate in opposition to Colonel | Yeung, Dr. Beekman aad others of the barnburner faction. Mr. Wright and Orville Clark, of Wash- ington ccunty were the hunker leaders in the legis- lature during two exceedingly stermy sessions. This is about all that is publicly known ofthe | Comptroller elect, with the exception of having for a few yearr, held some minor offices in Schoharie His personal popularity i# rot very command! for we perceive he is far behind the rest of the tieket, both in the county where he now resides, and the one where he formerly lived. We learn, how- ever, that he possesses considerable industry, and | may, therefore, soon jualify himself for Comptrol- | . He will rot be a mere drone, at any rate, ae | is ag Lng yo in tk. P | enry . Raadall, Secretary elect, has bad considerable experience in the office under Na thaniel S. Benton; and so far as relates to the duties of Superintendent of Schools, he has no superior in the State. He bas long made the free school 7 tem of this State his peculiar study. Under his suspervision and watehfulness, the system will be brought as noar to perfection as practicable. It is woll known that the present Secretary of State pre- | tends to no knowledge of the workings of the i | other than from the information be obtains through a deputy. Mr. Rendall was, a few years since, an ultra abolitionist, naturally coalescing with the batnburners, while rae were asunder; but we have the aw *y of the Union Safet; committee for believing that he has fully aton for those indiscretions, and is now a pledged sup- porter of the compromise measures resent Attorney Geni Levi 8. Chatfield, ith the exoeption, ed Inspector. The whigs ‘ malicious opposition to him The columns of Wood's paper, were constantly filed with the mort slandersus and scandalous attacks upon bim ; and during the whole cam 9 the end and aim of that v been the defeat of Mr. © arose, mainly from the fact, that the Attorney General gave an opinion, when requested by the | Senate, pen the constitutionality of the original | Canal |. He believed it conflicted with certain d gave the Legisia- ~ Alex. 5 Jobnson, the successful competitor for a seat upon the bencd of the Court of Appeals, gree in with a very flattering vote. He is reputed to be a gentlemen wel! qualified for the station, though many imagine that his age is rather is rather pre- mature for such a digoilied position—for a placo alongside of Ruggles, Jewett, Gardner, and others, of ripened judgment and experieace. Axnany, Nov. 13, 1851. The New State Library Bwilding—The Non-En- | largement of the Assembly Chamber—The State Asylum for Idvots, etc. The projected new State Library fre proof build- | ing is now iz a fair way of being constructed. Aa | act for the purpose, it will be recollected, was passed | at the extra session of the Legislature, in Jane last, appropriating twenty-five thousand dollars for the | current year, and the same amount, in 1552, for the | erection of this building; the Trustees of the Capi- | tol and two of the Regents of the University were | appointed commissioners for the purpose. The grounds in rear of the Capitol not being eufficiontly | spacious, a house and lot were purchased at a cost | of eleven thousand dollars, whieh adjoined the State property. The contractors have now the | basement walls finished, and are progressing very | rapidly with the brick work. The building is to | be 118 feet long by 45 feet wide, and two stories— one of 14 and the other of 1Sfeet in height. The lateness of the season when the work was com. | menced, will not enable its completion before next spring. It is designed to be fire proof, as near as iron, stone, and brick can make it. | In the law authorizing the building of library rooms, was a section appropriating fifteen thousand dollars for enlarging the Assembly chamber. This | room is entirely unfit for the accommodation of one _ bundred and twenty-eight of the people’s represen- tatives, who occupy it one quarter of the time in every year. When the law was passed, it was in- | tended to have the accommodation for members of the Assembly completed in season for the session of | 1552. By extending the ball in the rearsome forty _ fee an eliptical form, as contemplated, space — sufficient could be obtained, whereby the public business would be more readily accomplished, and the members saved the great annoyance of being | constantly interrupted by che lobby. Sutfrom some | cause, known only to those having the matter in | charge, no steps have been taken, no pro sucd, no estimates invited, no contract pectening the work; and the conesqueace is, the incoming Legislature will be compelled to submit to the inconveniences and annoyances of former | sessions. There is no excuse whatever meg the | work bas not been done. From the passage of the | law until the meeting of the Legislature there was | full six months’ time; the money laid ready in tho | Treasury, and if there had been the least energy | im those appointed to superintend the matter, the | completion of the enlargement of Assem chamber could easily have been effected before the meeting of the Legislature in January next. tbe last session there was a law enacted, establishing an asyjum for idiots, a sum of money appropriated, and trustees appointed to ure & | suitable building, a competent superinte: and to organice the establishment throughout. As it was only intended ag an experiment, the Legisla- ture enly made provision for its temporary su, ; consequently the committee leased a large 29% modieus bi some two miles north of this city, on the Troy road, anown as the Ball's Head —— owned by Gen bur, Barre, Mass , was designed to admit | judicial district, and four from the State at large— | ard ten from whom pay is to be received. All | things being in readiness on the first of Nov: seven State and six paying inmates have si tered. There is still a vacancy for eight more. As this is an experimental institution, expressly de- signed for the comfort and amelioration of the con- dition of that unfortunate class of our fellow citi- vene somewhat akin to tbe deaf, dumb and bliad, the public will at once appreciate the objects of the Legislature in endeavoring to aflord some relief to those who are so unhappily afflicted. Afters trial of ten years, which is contemplated, should the eflort prove eflectual, further a will be made forthe erection of suitable permanent ecmmoéations. Although this class of unfortunates | are not so numerous as others who have been protected and relieved by the State, still there are 4 iclent bumber to claim its protection and fos tering care. for diana. InpiaNaronis, ( 1Tat.,) Ind., Oct. 30, 1851 Things in sndiana— Movements in Favor of General Lame Preparations for his Military Reception— The People of Indiana— Public Houses and Strong Drirks— Railroads, § You will have seem by your “ exchange theta | considerable portion of the democratic ne ¥*papers of this State, have hoisted the name of Gen Late, (or Jo. Lane, a is familiarly called in this Stace.) apparently with o view to make bim a can ate for the next Presidency—but such ia not the | ept that it may be so with those of the General Lane been named. ny real intention to m him a candi. date for the Presidency, but a¢ @ mere compliment to the de from Oregon lRose woo are Lane men pow, are Case men for the fature. jeneral Lane, informer days, kept a woodyard nm the banks of the Obio river, somewhere near raneville, and he bas quite @ reputation for pugi lietic expleite with the mates and deckhands ot the ver steemers. If my information be correct, t General hae Sighs in bim—whatever people may » of the battle of Buena Vie'a. A few days before that battle oeeurred, ag it was related to me by General Taylor, General Lane and Colonel James H. Lane, (the present Lieutenant Governor of this State,) bad ot knockdown fieticuff fight, be- tween themerlres, in front of the « pment of the Indiana Volunteers. The education of General Lane, both literary and political, (whieh is of a very limited extent.) | mel a by his friends in this State, insufficient for a President of the United Ge Lane is now at Madison, where he re main mest of Senator Bright. On the 12th proximo, ived at the State Capitol with mil honors, and for which purpose volunteer companies have been formed, and are new nd An effort will be made byt t General Lane's reception a i « © 1 see.” of crowing celebrity, has sold wv, called the State Satine, to the J. Brown, the defeated spy vied and eaker's ¢ the late Congress. Another | aker's chair in er pote and edited hy Ellis, the State Auditor. The foil are specimens of the edi- torial eparr t mocratic brothers :— For the reason that the Astor, the Burnet, and other houses of character, never stick up @ glaring tign in the mid fhe street. They depend on their | reputation. Bmail concerns depend om the domed State Sentine ‘This ix the reason given ing the name of the gullet Lane Joe Lane in dently called by thie man Brown « “ «mall e~; / the Sp lemocratic newspaper, entitled the man, is printed here to are theitle dog | of the Red river of the North. The tract e: | —even though th the Senrinelfor not hoist- @ upon @ thorough enquiry, I found the opinion that are more uneducated native people in Indiana than there be found in all of the Middle and ‘em! tnpanee ane sale of ardont spirits, as a beve- rage, is Sneatieet. The Ragw sees are the only e8 Where a dram can ur cl 5 eS may hase whiskey tranaf formed by the al- ebymiat brandy, and all sorts of stimulants, at a a Under these regulations the busi- nees of the druggists has vastly improved, and tavern keeping proportionably gone down. At the ordinary houses ef public entertainment the travel- ler may obtain hia stomach’s fill of corn dodger, fried bacon and strong coffee, for one dollar per day —which (are ia esteemed good feed by the Hoosiers. Indiana is making some progress in the construc- tion of railroads. There are several, some com- pleted and others in partial operatien, converging at this place. The most important one, as @ public improvement, is that which connects this, the State capital, with the Ohio river, which is called the Madison and Indianapolis Railroad. This railway is in full operation, and already commands & sarge freight business. A passenger train is run daily each way, the fare on which is three cents per mile. Anrwony Hanpsrarr. Minnesota. Sr. Pavt, Minnesota, October 25, 1851. More Indian Treaties More Minnesota--Wonderful Place for Children, §c. ce. More land, more land, is still the ery. Gover- nor Alexander Ramsay arrived yesterday ia St. Paul, from VPembina—having succeeded in nego- tisting a treaty with the Chippewa Indians ro- siding on the Red river of the North. He, witha number of citizens, and an escort of twenty-five | dragoons, left Sauk rapids, nivety miles above St. Paul, on the 2lst day of August—arrived at Pem- bina on the 11th of September, diffioulty suceceded in making a treaty, by which the United States will be put in possession of four or five millions of acres of land in the valley thirty miles on each side of the river, and i 120 miles in length. For this the United States are to pay $20,000 in cash down, and $10,000 an- nually,fortwenty years. This opens the country to the white man, from Lake Superior west to Pembina. ‘The party represent the country as one of the finest grazing countries in the world. They found buffalo in abundance on the route—killed from eisty to one hundred, and could have killed many more had they not been discountenanced by his Excellency the Governor. Let but the Senate ratify thisand the Sioux treaty, and Mianesota is bound to go ahead with rapid strides. ‘ The act organizing the territory of Wisconsin was passed mm April, 1%36. That territory then included the present States of Wisconsin and lowa, and the territory of Minnesota. The popu- lation then, was 5,000. Now that same region of country contains ot less than 400,000 inbabitants, with towns and cities rival Now, New York, Philade! using vigorous efforte to secure the trade of this region. Reasoning by analogy, what those two States are now, Minnesota will be, in the space of ten or fifteen years. The California fever has abated— New Mexico is barren, unfit for ul- ture—Utah is Mormon, and Oregon the ultema- thule; but Minnesota has a fine soul, which invites the farmer—unprecedented water power to allure the manufacturer— fine fores:s, so enticing to the axe of the woodman—and mineral wealth in abun- dance—lakes filled with fish, and forests with fowl, delightful to the taste of the mos; fastidious epi- cure. But, above all, Minnesota is blesesd alth. No pale ague-stricken beings are seen waiking our streets, —— yellow visaged human, with a quart of bile sticking some- where about his vee a “pw ~ at every step cry © , ough, ough, as if their breath was ps oS yon es wheezing infants down with the influenza, the croup, or some other disease krown to ‘less favored climes. Why, infants here are as as young partridges, which run as soon as they are out of the a! 1 beard of a mother, w days ago, who awol the moming and discovered that # groat change bad taker place in her appearance since she went to bed, and ebe could not imagine what had hap- ned, till che turned over and foundalittle stranger jaughing and giggling at her perplexity. Andthen, ‘The glcrious firmament on bigh, And ail the blue etherial sky. Look at that Aurora Borealis, rising, as i re, from the North, in all its gorgeous splender ; see thore mock suns, and mock moons, unkaowa to more southern latitudes. And when Chill November's surly biasts Make fields and forests bare, see the flakes of snow pouring down, covering the ground, an a crops of the busband- man. Hear the sleigh bells jingle, jingle, jingle. Stop that bold youth, dashing along in his sleigh, with a buffalo robe around bim, and his arm around—but that’s a secret, and I’m mum. Our fail eleetionsare over, and your friend, Wil- liam LD. Phillips, is elected Prosecuting Attorney for the county of Ramsey, which contains the cities of St. Paul and St. Anthony. Ventas. The Donaldson Correspondence—More Light. New Yor, Monday Evening, Nov. 10, 1551. To THE EDITOR OF THE NEW YORK HERALD. I have waited patiently until the smoke and con- fusion of the past election should have cleared away, to be heard through your columns, in reply to | an artiole from J. D. Westcott, Eeq.,which appoar- ed on the morning before the election in the Herstp. The article referred to relates to the noted Donaldson correspondence, and Mr. West- cott, in a rambling, versatile, and very labored epistie, endeavors indireetly to connect me with the authorship of the correspondence, or knowledge of Mr. Donaldson and (reer, either of which honors I would most respectfully decline. In the first place, | am not a politician of Mr. Westzott's school, ner am I envious of the distinction ing added to the cabal already connected with t a tracrdinary correspondence. | aim not a politic’ b i only so as a land refermer—and wi been e at measure of refor® shell hav Certal 4 np of my name in Mr. Merri- field's affidavit affords no ground for the impatation, and Mr. W. brin 0 other proofs to substantiate ded accusation. However, inde for the accusation of are clearly refuted by the ex- errifield which | berein append, atement, Mr. W. will, of justice that beclaimed ing me wholiy thorsbip of ¢ oTrespondence should rest more heavily on bis own shoulders. cory ‘ ew Youn, Nov. 7, 1881 I was curprived on teeing my name used in the I ap, under & certificate purporting to come from me r hich | know nothing fui mecame to me in September, calling himeeit Westcott, think He was accompanied by some other perron. lie arked me questions as to ls ttere left at my store to be called for by Mr Donaldson and Greer He wrote what purports to be in the certificate rigned by me, exeept the part that implies Mr Keyser's coming in to inquire abcut the letters, Mr, Keyser knew nothing Of the letters more than that they lay in the store wusil called for, He may bave taken them up from the desk and read the directions, a¢ did others, but asked no ques- tions concern'ng them. Mr Westcott may have inferred this, but wae mistaken. What I stated to Mr. Westeott was not for publication and was enti-ely gratuitous and ubwerrtanted on bis part Signed T. MEKRIFIELD Mr. Weatoott’s letter, taken as a whole, is a poli tical curiesity. Itembraces a wide range of subjects, and my f of them entirely foreign to the subject matter of the correspondence. ie defines his posi- tion as clearly as modern trancendentalist ox- plains metapbysice— dubs bimeelf a pure democrat, and broadly insinustes that be might be brought, inan exigency, to support Clay, Crittenden, or Webeter—velunteers a defence of Thurlow Weed from pay Rye ony with the plot, and attempts to fasten the charge upon the free soilers—asso- ciating with the charge the land reformers, as their confederates, ( h charge is malicious and unfcunded)—demolishes Maseachusette—eulogizes lickinsom—eastigates abolitionists and tive e law alere— flings at old hunkers, dis- ew York democracy, and, to sum up, ed with nothing. But there is @ portion of . Weatcott’s letter which is worth considering, as offering a key to the plot, if there be any plot. After weeks of concern, ‘and resolving bimselt into an investigating committee to ferret out the authors of th infernal machine,” Mr. West- cott enye, ‘some of the letters, ly those of the three or four first above, are, ip my eens, indeed, all the are cott, why all this ig, an But hear the key:—“ must tend Southern demecracy a8 nd dation of ith ‘what i called Mr. Westcott, the planation of Mr and, after reading the course, extend ww me frem the Evening ip at ina the the Northern democracy, in the Land Strides of humby; into sustaining cal ares ie Buren, Hon we Giddings, Sena- tor Chase, of Ohio, or Senator Sumner of Massa- | chusetts, weeld ogres to support. If the Southera democracy are 1g to do so, they deserve to be cheated; and! ho Shey may be chested, and am certain they will be |. Some ts in the South may be willing to her, to attain their selfish and ambitious ends; but the masses of the Southern people of both parties, I do hope, will not be bamboozled by plattorms and re- solutions manufactured to order, to suit all pur- chasers and markets, by Senenpomsibie caucuses and huckstering office seekers. The mere ciroum- stance that some three or four hundred profee sional political brokers assemble at Baltimore, acd baptize this or that man, they can make the best! trade with, the ‘regular nominated demecratic candidate,’ | think. will have little influence in 1852, south of Virginia” Now, Mr. Westcott is an avowed sooessionla and all his aims and aspirations are to keep the Northern aud Southern democracy from epaoolia | thie end be more successfully accomplished than by the very correspondence above referred to? I do | charge this upon Mr. Westcott, but nr pean the | Point to show that if thore was any trick, the sus | picions would lay with better grace at the door of | secessionists, than with either whigs, or free soilers. | lam inolined, at present, to look upon the corres- | ponderce as genuine, and, therefore, am unwilling | to impute any agency in the matter to Mr. West- cott; but his covtinually crying thief, and attempt- | ing to implicate innocent juatify the retort. The inference that the whole a= and lowa, several jour identity and respectable political standing of Greet and Donaldson aside from thi Though | confes: no clear insight in pelitics, yet, alter glancing over the letters, 1am at # loss to come to any other This seems to he clearly proven by many of the writers, who evident y have an intimate knowledge | son and Greer. Witness Mr | bis friend Treat, of Missouri, in the same connec- tion, showing, at least, an acquaintance. Georgo Paul, Esq , editor of the lowa City Reporter, alxo es to Greer, freely evincing no distrust of him, er.) who bails from hisowa State Gen. EB. jreer, 28 @ politician and a public man. I will extract from his letter to substantiate this. He says: ‘Although t have not the honor of your per- conal acquaintance, yet, from your high reputation asa democrat, | am happy to extend to you the band of fellowship as @ worker in the good old republican ranks.” Certainly, Mr. Wright knew with whom he was corresponding—at least, this is a natural inference. Mr. ‘Westen, ian his acknowledged shrewdness and discriminafion, should have ventured tho opinion that the friends of Mr. Walker were interested in the correspondence, when se- veral ef the correspondents distinctly affirm, ia answer to interrogatories from Donaldson and Greer, that they are decidedly in favor of Houston. Wit- ness specially the letters of Andrews, of Maine, and Brown, of Kbode Island; and what means Mr. Yokum, (the pri for his suggestions? (Que Why, Mr. Westcott, the readipg over the pep estions !) jullest schoolboy, after in Corer arrant blockhead. But I will conclude, trusting that I have fully refuted the charge of being con- nected with the cabal, as | before averred. arties, would almost | I mill, ard am now engaged in sawing lumber, and fall of 1349, erected @ sa¥- am erecting macbivery to crush quartz, being satis- fied new tans emmy wit oy pegmaneat ant a am lumber at eighty-five - 8 per thousand feet. The po, ion of this towa- ship, at present. is four to five , and is in- creasing. Very respectfully pout ames Wasi iy eres seeloriet to onde 98 ft the advan- es of heavy machinery. yet mind: bet the profits would fo Eh tly in- creased, it being an axiom that if a ry uk ing five tone per day can make money, one crushing fifty tons can make more in proportion.” ‘hore are now eight mills at work in Grass Val- ley, and seven others in progress of m. The average product exceeds fifty dollars per ton of ore; but none spoares than twenty dollars per ton has been worked, while much the greater portion bas come up to & hundred dollars, and some to a hundred and forty dollars per ton. 1t is well ascer- tained that not more than one-fourth to one-third ofthe gold is secured by the present process of How could | amalgawation with quicksilver ; yet the mills are making a clear profit of from three hundred to two thousand dollars per day, while, not uufrequently, in the largest mills, sums of from four thousand to seven thousand dollars are taken out, as the result of twenty-four hours operation on forty or fifty tons of rock. The fact that quartz mills have now been payeia for months, with these results, is conclusive as to the profitableness of the business. When heavier machinery and dargee capita: shall have been brought into requisition in vein mini: in California, the increase of the product of go! conclusion than that the correspondence is genuine. | and even a personal acquaintance with both Donaid- Hathaway, of In- | com diana, who mentions in his letter of having called Wit and without much | to see Donaldson, at bis lodgings; also speaks of | the poorest quality, viz: that yielding but $20 per Wright, too, evidently has a knowledge of [am the more surprised, that | te secretary of Mr. Houston,) | when, in reply to Donaldson, he thanks him kindly _ Allow the expenses are double the Houston correspondence, and | committing so egregious an error as you have done — conclusions, would be set down for an | nota politician, further than serves the cause of reform, and do not wish to be classed in the same list with those who earn a living by politics. 1 am atisfied that the Donaldson correspondence, true or sbam, has served a good pi se to the public. has drawn the curtain, ani It | exhibited the naked | wires te view. It is the first public exhibition of party machinery, and all voters should profit by it. ‘e bow know who makes our Presidents to order. The people of Khode Island, the honest voting peo- ple, now know, for the first time, that “money is the great element” inthat State. We canall profit by the revelations contained in the correspondence, and they should be widely circulated. Joun H. Keyser. '—The Present ++ California and its Re: and Future Product of her Gold Mines —Quartz Operations, &., &c. TO IME EDITOR OF THE HERALD. Your article in to-day’s number of the Heraip onthe subject of “California and its Results,” is most just, liberal, ard accurate; and cannot fail to exert a beneficial influeuce upon the affairs of that worderfu! portion of our confederacy. The people of this city, and of the whole Atlantic side of the Union, hardly yet begin to realize the importance of the acquisition of California to its growing great- ness, Wealth, and power. Indeed, to the business opers tions of thie metropolis, California has Mog roved the sheet anchor. Without the stea Tomes se product of her mines, to sustain the bank- ing and mercantile transactions of the remainder | ot the Union, a crash like that of 1836 and 1537, could not be jong delayed. Intimate ly connected, then, as is the mineral and other resources of California, with the finangial and business relations of the pot 20 it seems to me that more attention ought to be bestowed, by capi- taliste, upon the developement of these sources of | ¢ continued and large product of gold | in California bas long since ceased to be a mooted | point. The predictions of the croakers, that the | wealth. mines would soon become exhausted, have been sufficiently shown to be as baseless as “ old wives’ fables,” and sensible, far seeing men are confess the truth, that we are yet scarcely upon the to | will be in a corresponding ratio. There is now | correspondence is genuine, is, that bothin Texas building atthe Archimedes Works of Messrs. H. nals have vouched for the | RK. Dunham & Co., foot of Thirty-second ieee North river, quartz crushing machinery, caleul: | for 100 tons per day, with improved amalgamators, that must give a profit of $5,000 to $10,000 per day, working on rock of the quality now being quarried at Grass Valley. This millis for a company, of which Hon. Thomas Butler Hing is President and a large steckholder, and is being constructed by Captain 8. Cram, of this city, wo is one of the ny, and fortwo years a resident of California. mecbinery of this power, crushing rock of ten, the folluwing will be the result. ‘ihe expeases are based upon the actual experience of mill-owsers at Grass Valley, and furnished to me by John A. Collins, Esq. “Mr. Collins says:— Such a mill, capable of crushing cne hundred tons per day, would require the following men, to wit :— 2 engineers, at $10 each $ 2000 2firemen, “© 5 * 10 00 WG feeders, “ 5 * 80 00 Swillhands,“« 5 “ 20 00 1 superixtendent. 20 00 1 amalgemator 10 00 1 millwright . 10 00 1 blacksmith 10 0 8 cords wood 40 00 Iron, oil, nails, or for 10 00 Total expenses. 235 00 Now, if rocks will yie: D allow one-half to the miners for the rocks, making $10 a day 1,000 00 Deduct expenser 235 00 BNR oie pr vcccness tsnhepte eens 765 00 amount stated, but I canno: see from whence it will come.........++++ 000+ 235 00 And we have a profit of... 530 00 This shows the profit of qu lowest yield of the poorest ore ever worked in Grass | . But instead of $20, the average of more | T am | than 10,000 tons quarried alrei aay in that township exceeds $50 per ton, and, coul obtained, would come up to $150 per ton. t es one make figures on either of these amounts, an see what the juct would be. Of the mills now going up at (rass V. by Sir Henry Huntley, on the Union (i tain, two anda half miles from the village of Cen- treville. ‘This vein has been the longest worked of apy in the township, s “Chili mill” of small power havirg been in operation upon it for about ten months. nies—one, and the oldest, the “Union Company,” and the other the “‘Wolf Creek Gold Mining Com- avy.” The latter is organized under the general jncer poration act of California, and has a nominal capital of $100,000. An ment has been made by both companies, with Mr. Huntiey, to work the vein for half the gross products, which will give an annual dividend on the stock of over one hundred percent. per annum. This goes into operation in December of this year. ‘The Rocky Bar Company are erecting their mill on the “ Kelley Vein,” on Massazhusetts Hill,” ad- joining the “Gold Mountain.” This hill produces equally as rich ore as the latter. The operations of the company were expected to begin during the resent month, all the machines being onthe ground In September, and the buildings in rapid progress. in the adjoining township of Nevada, including the city, from ten to fifteen quartz mills were going up in September, at the dates of my last letters dred in eperation by the end of 1852. In other parts of California this method of oe is pursued a spirit, and with promise of like large results. Thas, you perceive that there will be no lack of gold, even though the amount hipped to Europe, to maintain the balance of trade, shall be greatly merce several hundreds of millions annually. von ad talists bere cannot much longer resist the impul to invest in th rtz mines, for they will be con- vinced, nolens , that, source of profit, the world bas never yet presented so extensive and magnificent a field of 0 ion As a friend to California, the Herann can do threshold of the “resuits,"’ which the acquisi- | much to obtain for her a modicum of justice on the ten of Calieraie Wil give tthe Union ond the | part of Congr Ard fire, Jet the indnoy eollectod world. Astoniching as have been theso results in | from her citizens, under military rule, be refunded it, in our Pacific empire, we Pp xhaustible wealth The accounts whioh are being received, of the extent and richness of she quartz veins of California, exhibit, to men of capitel and enterprise, a field of investment remunerative toa that cag hardly be overestimated. The results attained in a on ear, in this branch of mining, by who had little or no previous experience to guide their operations, foreshadow what be looked for when powerful machinery, adapted to the business, and maneged by scientific and res; shall bave been introduced. What been dose heretofore, in quartz mining, has been done almost ly by individuals, or companies of a few indi- posscesing a limited eapital, without noise or parade. The seat of the most extensive operations is the Nevade—and of this county, the town- Valley may be considered the centre- point of quartz mining. At fi wills were erected, with power not over six and working five to ten light stamps, to eight tone in twenty four hour! was crude—the rock was but indiffereo verized, and the process of amalgama' more imperfect; but, notwithstanding th early last spring, orae, rushing five advantages, the r neratioa forthe capital invest- ed was bigbly | Durirg the ot, larger and more po wer- ful mille were commenced, several of which have been completed and are now in operation a meo, | the future will show more | T principles of ‘taxation and representation” not be diesevered, and the million of dollars by arbitrary exaction must be returned to the | treasury. Up to this time not dollar hae | been expended in California by Congress, for pub- lie works, lighthouses, &c., while millions per aa num bave been paid oa the San Francisco Custom House into the public coffers. Js this just! Is it not rather the rankest injustice! The loss to | citizens of California, through the refusal of Con- | gress to return the fund to which tae State is so | upquestionably entitled, bas been enormous. With a State rich in natural resources beyond calcula tion, the government has been carried on tro years with scarcely a dollar in its treasury; and, as a copse uence, the public credit has been paid in “‘warrants” worth but forty or fifty per cont. To | sey nothing of others, my own loss from this csuse | bas exceeded $60,000—having realized barely the | Cort of labor, &c., on con'racts entered into and these milis was built by Hon. James Walsh, Seaw | tor elect from Nevada county to the State Legisiae ture. Itbas on engine of sixty horse power, and besides carrying « saw will connected with the | quartz work, is capable of erushing and washing trom fifty to seventy-five tons por each twenty four hours. ‘To show your readcrs the basis on which Judge Walsh relies for profit, | beg leave to give yeu some extracts from a letter [ received from bim in July last, in which are many facts of interest ein mining, and the extent and richness in that locality. The letter is dated— “Grass Vaiiny, Nevada Co., Cal, July, 18, 1851. } HESTER-— *** The quarta in this vicinity— township, (being an extent of coun. half mile’ squares a Gen. J. Wine Sir and #9 fai ve been made, it ind, in ni mut of ten, to yield gold. Large q quartz have been, and are being discovered in the adjoining township of Nevada, and it will require more work to be e before it can be ascertained which region is the best. | ee mmmamlented, a has been found | In this township about thirty-two hills have been — examined, some of them but partially, and some very effectually. The firet hilion which much work x | ha Gold poe and 4 reck on + er taking out specimens enough to ir workin the bill and cnenred @ the rock, Fil, be ond a doubt, pay by assay an average of five cente er ¥ machinery now crushing the rock from that hill is saving an average of three cents per pound ‘The quantity of gold-bearing quartz in this ((+rase Valley) district it is impossible for any one to esti mate. To quarry and grind the rock from the thir- ty-two hills already known, would be the work o ears for any reasonable amount cf labor. * * ie business of quartz mining is done, at prosent, under many diradvantages. The machinery ha: cost, and is costing, too mach labor, at an averag: of six dollars ‘day. Yet, even with high labor imper' of quarrying, and very inefficien: mills are ma! an ie advantages © feet | See ae we hove Peasy timber (pine and oak,) and plenty of climate far any | for healtb, and 1 ¢ai y, ve ever seen | but believe that this re- | mons call Gentiles; and these have occupied aad performed for the public printing of 1850-51 Yours, very truly, J. Wincuesrer. 107 Fulton street, November Mormonism and Squatterism, COPry OF A LETTER RECENTLY ADDRESSED BY ORN TH. JRFYRRSON SUTHERLAND TO THE COMMISSIONER OF THE GENERAL LAND OFFICE, AT WASHINGTON Tuts (wean Linoen), Mo., June 26, 151. H Hon Jusrin Bearerriniy, Commissioner of the Gioneral Land Office. Sin—| write thistrom a porition on the east shore of the Misseuri river, included in the extreme south- west corner of the State of Iowa. The neighbor- hoot, which was nameless until | teok the liberty of bestowing a cognomen, is in fact a straddle of the weet end of the vividing line between the States of Missouri and lowa. 1 am unadvised ifitbas been assigned to any person to furnish the Department of the Interior With information of the condition of the public do main included in the western section of the State of lowa, or whether such duty has been performed: ardif such assignment has been made and the daty ‘operly performed, yet | trust that the facts con- tained in th er Will be regarded as respectfully though the exhibit may be a mere recounting of facts already known to your Depart- ment. rt of the State of lowa, verging This western upon the Missouri river, except a strip of territory of the breadth of one or two townships, stretching along the dividing line between the States of Mis- souri and lowa, is comprised of unsurveyed public lands of the United Stat ¢ chief tract of which is known as the ‘‘Pottawatamie Purchase.” These lands, for jcultaral yur see, are the best in the United St Ithough id con- sequently neither subject to pri nor pre: emption, they have een entered upon by several thousand persone of a sect of people calling them- selves Mormons, who have usurped the entire oon trol of the lands, and whose leaders assumed to parcel them out to individuals of their sect, in tracts of an extent altogether inconsistent with an ble division of the soil—and con‘rary to the jaws of the United States and the ed from tho General Land (fice; re of the sect parties to this parti- tion of the pr domain, are now selling out their “elaims” to strangers, and thus constituting the an- public lands of the “Pottawatemie pur- itters of commerce number of persons in! tamie purchase have been numbers. From reliable information the whole amount of souls there do not excced five thousand; four thousand of whom are of the rect of Mormons, and the other thousand ere of those whom the Mor. artz mines, on the | all the gold be | ‘The mountain is owned by two compa: | Grors Valley; and probably there will be one bun: | increased. fornia will steadily augment the yield of her nd, within five years, add to the specie basis of the world’s business and com- | | though taken vp by my own observation } | written of things which | men notoriety. Jsimed up all of the wood land of this tract of beautiful country. The timbered of the Pottawatamio pur- chase are com of a strip of lund forming the easterly shore of the Missouri river, and of another strip stretching along and including the bluffs, (4 range of clay: bills dividing the Miasouri bottoms frou the rolling prairie, avd which lie back from the river at various distances, ranging from five to fiftesa miles,) ard a few groves sevttered along the streams of water tributary tothe Missouri river. Tae re- tidue of this tract of country is bald prairie, which, though of the highest value for farming purpoi couid not be occupied and made subject to cultiva- tion, without a just partition of the timbered lands, which is stisted in quantity for the whole couviry, and which is now entirely mene ed by the Mor- mops and the mrcnpeaes oc their “claims,” whom the} ve * taken in.” Olas ‘on which settlements could be mado, without a special.act of Copgress providing for & distribution of the timbered land with the bald rairie,” have al! been *‘ciaimed up,” aud are now eld in parcels measuring from 320 to 2,000 acres, by equatters, who demand more than the govera- ment price the land is likely to be fixed attor the privilege of making a settlement It is not for im provements that the squatters demasd a prise, & there are none made in the country, but for the pri- vilege of setilement and their protection. If a per- son refuses to pay the demands of a squatter, aud attempts to make nsettlement, though it be on lands a mile distant from avy other settler, ho is denounced as a ** claim jumper,” and lynched. [ho undersigned travelled the distance of three hundred miles in the Pottawatamie purchase, and found no spot of earth eligible for a home, on which a person would be permitted undieturbedly to make a setile- ment, without paying a larger sum of monoy than the government would be likely to exact for the feo of the land; and 7 there is not in the country one settler to each ‘y quarter sections of land, for which the timber, with a proper distribution, would be sufficient to al‘ow of settlement. ‘The undersigned found many persons in the dis- trict of Iowa embraced in the ‘‘Pottawatauie puc- chase,” who have sold out their possessions in tue Eastern States, and emigrated thither with a view to better their condition; bat when arrived, they could make no settlements without pezing:yeiece | equal to the cost of the fuil fee of lacds in other sections, and prices catirely beyond their means to | meet. After having defrayed the expenses of the emigration of theirfamilies, and having sunk their | lite means in effecting the same, they could not return; and to live ard obtain bread, they have been obliged to chelier themselves in bovels, and to become hirelings to the usurpers of the soil; and there are now more renters on the uasurveyed go- vernment lands of the ‘‘Pottawatamie purchase” than in any eection of the State of New York, or of Pennsylvania, of the like extent, excluding the cities and large towns. In a timbered region of Fremont county, calied Pleasant Grove, which is bordered by extensive prairic#, embracing beautiful tables and plateaus | of the most fertile soil, reside Miltou Richards, | Harvey Bourne, John E. Beaty, and El | dredge. These persons clair of the unsurveyed | public lands, mostly timbered as follows:—Rich- | ards, 1,000 acrea; Bourne, 610; Beaty, 1,250; and Eldredge, 800. ‘There are other timber monopo- lists of the same neighborhood, who combine with | thoge named to enforse their ‘claims One Jonatban D. Rodgers has domiciled himself | in a beautiful grove of timber on the public lands | im Mills county, and there be has cutaway the tim- | ber from fifteen to twenty acres of land which he has enclesed. He claims four or five quarter sec- tions of land; and he told the undersigned that be would take his rifle and shoot to death any person who should attempt to make a settlement upoa the public lands within one mile and a quarter of the | cabin which he had there erected. Joseph Ralls, who is settled upon the public lands in Mills county, claims to the oxtent of three or four quarter sections, and maintains posseasion of the same by threats of violence. He has been & pre-emptor in the State of Missouri, and, thore- is not now entitled to a pre-emption of avy of He has, also, with a e | for | public lands which he claims. | partner, caused to be erected on the public lands near his present settlement, a saw mill, he is causing the timber of the neighboring lands to bo despciled for its supply; aad at bis mill ho sells sawed lumber at $20 per 1,000 superficial feet. In a grove of timber on Five Barrell Creek, on the ic lands in Mills county, Lebbeus Coon, Si- las Hillman and Willard W. Noyes have plotted a | town, and they are now making sale of their build- ing lots to persons who, with others of the vicinity, are despoiling the country of its timber. On this | Five Barrel (reek there bave been erected, and are | now in operation, t wo or three saw-mills, the pro- prietors ot which cut up the timber taken from the public lands, and then sell it at their mills for $2) | per thousand superficial feet. |” Perry Liston and John Liston who reside on se- parate tracts of the public lands lying on Five Bar- rel Creek, “claim” three or four quarter sections of land each, and assert and maintain the possession thereof. There are also many others in the same neighborhood iesiding on the public lands who claim like quantities; among which number is William Clarke, who bas built for himself a cabia in agrove of timber, and cut away the trees trom about five acres of ground, which comprise his whole enclosure—and yet he claims an extent of three quarter sections of land, and keeps off intru- ders {10m the whole by threats of violence. This man Clarke stated to the undersigned that be had, before coming to retide upon the public lands in lows, been a pre-emptor of « quarter section of tas | public lands in the State of Caio. * Abrabam Barger and Levi Thomas, who bars also made separate settlements on the public lands in Mills county, “claim” large tracts; Burger to mn the extent of balfa section and Thomas to that of a full section of land. Orson Hyde who is President and High Priest of all of the Mormons ide of the Great Salt Lake, and who has a settlement upon the public lands in ‘ottawatamie De ge is reputed to be tho aby: five ersat ot March last, at Kaigsville, in re em of claim making and claim carried on by the Mormons, he, Hyd the Mormons had regulated the land q themeelves, and that they would make the couutry tuo bot for any individual or individuals who should attempt to interfere with their arrangement 1 in reference to the unsurveyed public lands of thy “ Pottawatamic purel aad that they, the Mormons, “ did not care for the government at Washington, which bad no power or ability to pre- vent or change their operations.” Henry W. Miller, an elder of the Mormon sect, wko resides on a tract of land which he entered pro- vious to the extinguishment of the Indian title, hav- ing oltained possession from the Pottawatamie Indians, claims @ full section, and on a part of whieh ke has plotted a town, and is now endeayor- ing to dispose of building lots. Ge Trading T’oint, ry place for steamers on the Missouri river, within the county of Potta- watemie, Francis J. Wheeling and others assert claims to large tiacts of the public lands, of whisa they make commerce and matter of speculation. atid Herry ford, residing near the samo place upoa the public lands, claims a tract to the extent of Jalf a section; although, as he informed the under- cigned, he bad been, before coming to reside on the public lands, in lows, a pre-emptor of a quarter ecotion of public lacd in the State of Missouri. Ataplece called Civil Bend, in the county of Fremont, Berjamin 1). Blanchard, Josiah B. Halli, Lester W. Piaste, George B. Gaston and others, have made cettlements upon the unsurveyed publis lands, of which they elaim to the extent of half a ection each. In their neighborhood Blanchard end Hall have erected @ saw mill, to supply which with lumber they are despoiling the country. There have been erected in different reetions of the Pottawatamie hase several other saw mille, not designated, which are now being used for cutting up the tuber of the public lands. The Pay yen of sawed lumber at these mills is $2) for 1,000 superficial feet. About one balf part of the Mormon population, now settled on the unsurreyed public lands include. in the “Pottawatemie purchase,” ure aliens, = cipally English emigrants, who have made no ‘boda. ration of intention to become citizens of the United States. The prece 2ing, sir, | give you as samples of tho condition of the whole publis domain facluded in the Pottawata occupying this , there seems to be few only aimis the soil. The ob yoy Ey ory is 4 Jy produce food for the peo in tl intry. be mass are spe- culators in land claims, ‘and look to the proceeds of their eng instead of the labor of their bards for bread. From Sergeant's Blufl, (the boundary of the Sioux country.) downto Thule, (the State lin here are no improvemants of the country. The settlers have large claims, with small enclorures, aad there are plotted ked out towns with no houwees; and among | lings for men now within the bounds of the Pott | watamie purchase, there exists not one good house; and, et, the white man has been there since iit. | The are thus, sir:—while there have been | made no improvementa on the land, the country has | been damaged at least ton per cent of its value by | acpoliation of the tim which has been contin: for seven or eight yea d ever since the mons commenced their exodus from the State of | MMinois | Every material fact set forth and stated in | eding exhibit may be sustained and the highest grade of proof. standing, are nevertheless known to many and upright men residing in the country. ve secrets, but of com- honor to be, sir, humble servant, EVE BRSON St (HERLAND. 1 have Y eur ver Th