The New York Herald Newspaper, November 1, 1851, Page 2

EVROPE. Gur London Correspondence. Lonvon, Oct. 17, 1851. Closing of the Crystal Palace—Kossuth ani Cap- tain Long—Loais Napoleon, §c. ‘The events of the'week may all be conveniently Numped under one head, as far as London is con- corned—the closing of the Great Exhibition, or as the Americans will have it, the World’s Fair. Par parenthése, it is odd that the Yankees will name things after theirown fashion. Jenny Lind they con- vertinto a “nightingale,” and Catherine Hayes in- tos “ewan,” and Fanny Elssler of old, they apoth- eosised into a “ divine” creature. But the Ameri, ans are independent in all things, and therefore must be original. To come back tothe “Exhibi- tion.” If I knew anything new to be said about it, you should haveit. There is no denying that it ‘was a great sight—a great spec, and, at last, a great bore, for nobody talked about anything else. But it is dead, and gone, and | have no time to write its epitaph. Who did’nt see it, will never see the like, unless the immortal “ Barnum” gets up a facsimile. By the by, we hear no more of Jenny Lind since Barnum dropped her. Was he really the greatest artist:ofthe two? Give us “a hexplanation,” as the Cockneys say. Luckily for ihe preas here, now that the Exhibition has slipped from under them Kossuth has turned up, or is ex- peeted to do so—for he has not made his appear- ance yet. It Speen that the ‘“ aay 2 will o to New York without him. Here’s a fine topic ior the penny-aliners. Is Capt. Long right, or is Kossuth not wrong—the former tor not going to England—-the latter for not going di- rect to the United States. Please settle the account, and give the balance to the waiter. The Americans here are annoyed that the pong don’t bring him round to Southamp- ton, and chow the prize she bas wrested from the iron grip ef those awful despo’s that sincerely hope that when the Yavkees get Kossuth they'll keep him. There is to be grand doings at Southampton when be comes. A banqneh: on the taps. Se eretary Walker ia invited, but has written a long and gcod letter, accepting ina way that shows he don’t meen to be there. He lays it on thick to John Bull. I wonder if ic will take. Lhe Seore wants afew millions for that e’er railroad in Il- linois. ‘*A mere trifle, an’ you please, sirs.” Jcbn Bull has not unbuttoned yet, and looks doubt- ful. Joking apart, 1 don’t mind saying, and [ cught to be paid for it, thatit isa good investment, for in the times that are coming to come in Europe, no man knows where his money will be tafe. Cholera, repudiation, and the “Great Exhivition,” are nothing to what may happen next spring in Europe. I but the eymptoms are painccing. Louis N bas just cut another pigeon-wing, and the fg, toot bis capers are so unexpected that hi the world to dancing, much against their will. He has undertaken to give the lie to all he has been doing for the laet three years. Now, it remaias to bo rcen what the effect of it will be. Will the French people take back what he had no right to take away, end pat him on the head as a repentant sinner, or kick him down stairs as a fool that don’t know hisown mind No man has said finer 3 than Louis Napoleon, and none done such js) ores—like somebody else before him. The really smusipg matter is to see the way he bothers the old rogues of politicians. An awkward fencer defies skuil, because be respeets no rules. So Louis Napo- Jeon says one thing to-day and does the opposite to- morrow; making bis friends ridiculous desperate. The end of such pulling and hauling is to come down tome day with a jerk, and if that don’t kappen to the Prince of (ddities, it is because he is reserved for some special purpose, which [’ll be sure to let the Heratp know, if I discover it. Being rather lively this fine day, I have written rather jocosely; but a sharp ’un like you will there is sense, and other things, behind my levity. ‘Make a good editorial or two out of it. Mr. Lawrence is back from his Irish tour. He looks as complacent as though he knew be had ac- quitted himself handsomely. And so he has. isa “on emart chap, that said Abbot Lawrence, & Very pretty daughter. Why shoald President, as well as anybodyelse He bas sawdered Joha Bull, and Sir Henry Bulwer has been trying his hand at us. Who is going to be done first? 1 am afraid John, the older, is getting too wide awake, for he has stolen Jonathan’s hosey-pot. We must try some- thing else cure truly. Austria. Virwna, Cet. UM —The by Count Grunpre, left last it for ¢ special train. The Ban of Cr ha on his return to Agram. If the Pres 0 be believed, the great work of reconstruction haa been taken from the “Minister President” and Baron Kubeck, and entrusted to a commission, consistin, of Dr. Bach, Garon Krause, Minister ef Justice, M. de Baumgartner, and the fullowing members of the Reichsrath:— Baron Kreig. aud the Chevaliers Sal- Votti and Porkbardt. Should thie ment be confirmed, all that has lately been said and written with respect to the future organization of the monarchy, and a partial reeoguition of federative ines, must be consitered as wall and roid. ‘Tie whole of the ministers took the new oath to the Emperor yesterday, so that we shall probably no more of ministerial resignations for the preren:. The fact of the present head ef the Home Depart- ment not only remainin, the task im; the triumph ‘izatio b; Stephe' Gorzkowsky, ee of St. of subscriptions to the loan was 85,569,800 florins. From the 23d to the 27th the sum subscribed, as far as it 75 known, is 1,606,500 florins, makin, total of 57,176,300 florins, without reckoning what hhas been taken in remote provinces, and not yet A it of the name of Pretibae been condemned courts of Venice to four years’ im; a- poe ang 2 fortress, for having belonged to a secret society. by the E peror, for all 0 , for Lombardo Venetian ki » Wheee terms of im- does not exceed one year. Italy. The Pieimontese Gazaie, of the 10th, the convention entered into between the the Grand Duke of Tascany, Austria, and the Dukes of Modena and Parma, for the construc- tion of a railway line, te be denomisated the [ail- road of Central Italy, which is to connect Keggio with Bologna, Modena, and Pisteria, or Prato; from Reggio it is to branch out ia two directions, one branch leading to Piacenza, the other to Man- tua. The execution is to be granted to one or more Companies, with privileges to last pet more than ene hundred years, and the guarantee of ®& mini- mum of interest on the capital. The companies Bre to aliow the contracting governments to esta- blieh telegraphie wires along the lise, ard are to bind thenrelves to transport at least one wagen per Mg Fined the account of the post ofiee ie Mian Gazette publishes ha - Gotten Pp the folowing noti In order to give the inhabitants of the Lombards Veretian kingdom & procf of the paternal scuitude of emt. and of the vavaried tue Baceleney Field of the authority and the governer of Venice, Gener bas received the grand cress of the ‘Le spold. announce a2 act of amnesty, granted litical prisoners in the Marshal Count Radettty har Dis Mejesty bas been pleased directed (hat all persome net be ere now undergoing penishment f° » tiome of minor importance, owing to U shall receive a free jon, provided tweir whether directly inflicted by courte martial iby the presiding officers, de not exceed @ year of simple military arrest; in consequence of whack al! civiliaae now in prisow under the circumstances defined above. eball imme diateiy be ret at 1 u 4 mamma Cor Count @¥ULAY ax, Oot The Comstisucionale, of Florence, states that in consequence of the new peste! regulations stipulat- ed with France, Tuscany will he goceivo letters from Parte in five days, instead of eight. ty wwitreria 4. ‘The Grand Council of the Canton of Berne com- menced, in ite ritting on the Sth instant, a diseus- mitign ror, ac»ompanied in offee, but accepting ited to him by the Présse, would argue the principles of complete central- D. The Emperor has invested Radetzky with the insignia ef the grand cross of the order of St. ral to the 23d of September inclusive, the amount jon"t say it will, | his foes | He | blishes | Paris. joly Seo, | OM any political consideration of the grave events Ministerial Crisis France—Opinions of the ch Press: Frene! \ **M. Louis Bonaparte,” say the Assemblée Na- ound’ hand and foot, wo M, Gira and foot, . 5 make the revolutionary party forget the traditions of the glorious name ‘he bears, nor the acts which the first years of his Presideacy, and which recommended him to the esteem of Europe and to the gratitude of France.” Such an admission, coming from such a quarter, isnot without itsimportaace. Inother respects the journaleeems desirous generally to comment as brief- as poesible on the act of the President. The organs of the democratic party appear puzzled; and in spite of their efforts, no small annoyance is discoverable as to the probability of the accomplishment of that which they hitherto se earnestly |—namely, the restoration of universal suffrage, and the refusal worable to their had signified its the constitution, provided univ was restored, retracted that en- fegement when the restoration was deemed pro- le, 80 far as Louis Napoleon was concerned, on the ground that it may lead to his re-election. it contunae to opfase revision, bet, supposig the ae te oF ie al posing the e BS to be re ed, the National will not even accept that asan act of justice, unless it be accompanied with concessions to an- archy. It can matter very little, says the Nationa!, whether ten millions of men be placed upon the electoral lists, instead of six millions, it there is to be the same restraint bs ro the liberty of voting, and the same exercise of the influence of the govern- ment. To render universal suffrage worth having in the opinion of this journal, there must be ualim- ited liberty of discussion; in other words, a revival of political clubs, and ull the other means of delu- sion and excitement which the when its friends were ia power, and found anarchy running mad against them, so powerfally described as inju- rious to the true interests of liberty. The Sircle is more moderate. Without retracting its declara- tion that it will oppose the revision of the consti- tution, even if universal suffrage be restored, jt does not seek to diminish the importance of the repeal of the law of 1850 toiteown party It says:— **We said on Monday that universal suffrage Would be re-established withou: civil war, aad without any base conduct on the part of the demo- Events begin to show that we are right. rte has accepted the resignation istry, in which are to be found the principal suthors and defenders of the lay of May 31. M Louis Bonaparte has comprehended, like us, that his honor was engaged to break with the persons who mutilated universal suffrage, which be had promised to restore intae: to his suc cessor. The fall of the Ministry has prodaced less emotion than its elevation. Who ever looked seri- The ously on M. Leon Faucher and his fo!’ gwors? justice of the President has forestalled that Assembly. We do not, however, as yet feli him on so doing; we wait until bis message, waic! is a necessary consequence of the change of minis- try, shall have enlightened us. It is also as well to wait for the names of the new Ministers, and the measures which they will bring forward. We shall confine ourselves to pointing out the vain | efferts of certain intriguers to prevent the result of | today. The rumers of coups d’ éat and the ex- traordinary convocation of the Permanent Coa- | mittee here give each other the hand. Every one | knows that the convogation was asked for by MM | de Montigny, Dufougerais, de Montebello, de Ker- marec, Chapot, Poujoular, and Vitet. General | Bedeau energetically cupoeet the convocation with great good sense, not believing that the rumors of coups @’ état were well founded. [t was not the same with a certain perron, most desirous of calling to mind a certain disgrace, But we forget that we | have not to enter into details. The fall of the ministry, which bad written on aner the law of May 31, isa grave matter. Evidently there is in that an important triumph of a opinion. We cannot but congratulate ourselves on having | contributed to that triumph Universal suffrage | ought to be re-established. We now have, not its | reeetablishment, but tke preliminaries of that | great act; we have it without coaflict, by the sole torce of justice and reason. ‘The rest will follow.” The Presse replies to the charge brought against it by the Sitcle, National, and other organs of that party, for baving broken the engagemert i; had entered into with them. The following is an ex- tract :— “If the law of May 3ist is not repealed—and you bave to-day done all that was necessary to do to | strengthen it in the perzon of M. Leon laucher— there will be civil war. [t may be that civil war causes you xo alarm; but that with which it inspires me amounts, | do not concealit, to terror. From whatever side the blood flows in the greatest abua- | dance, the blood as it flows makes me fear for civi- | ligation. You preteud that you are ia accord | inst me, with all the repablican organs. Were I, in fact, alone against all,1 saould not the less persist in thinking and in declaring that if the revision of the constitution is the meaus of p'e- viously re-establishing universal suffrage, and of setting aside civil war, to hesitate is more thana fault—it isacrime. Yes, it is a crime, for univer- val suffrage being re-established, the revision of the constitution does not compromise, engage, or falsify any principle. France recover: the pleaitude of her liberty, and exercises it at her will, It may happen that parties do not find taeir account ia is; but what would please them the most, is what affects me the least Because the policy followed since December 2th by Messrs Bonaparte, Barrot, and Baroche has not had my approbatioa and my co-operation, it in no way follows that | forget, and that I om ed the policy eet na before the 10th of December by Messrs. Ci Senard, and Da- faure. You accuse me of having broken the com- pact which the Presse is said to have concluded with the National. Refer to the article of the Presse of the 20th of Sepsember last, and you will see that it has invariably m: ined its pro- gramme, which it sums up in these two lines:— 5 us repeal of the law of May Sl. Total or partial revision of the constitution” And this pro- mmmeof the 20th sf September, 1851, was the which it put forth in a discussion against you in September,-i860. 1 therefore dates back more than a year.” The Ordre says :— “ Thus it is evident that it is not a mere change of ministry, but a governmental revolution which is at present being ellected. i bers of the lave admin! ion have comprebended ean, in deserting the ground of tl ay Sl, abandoning the party which raised him to powér, to pass over to the camp of bis adversaries, aud, with that coavic- tion, they have not hesitated to give in their resig- nation—a circumstance whieh does them honor. On the other band, it is stated that the President of the republic has mot as been able to meet with fitting persons to take the vacant places; d that refusal of the same nature have ie by certain generals, whom it was ex- pected to find more complian: than those who oc cupy at present the chief commands in the army of But, We repeat it, we are uot about to enter now in course of accomplishment. After havi briefly related them, we consider it our duty to ca! to mird the celebrated saying of M. de Lamartine — Alea jacta wt ”’ We read in the Assemblée Nationale— “The President of the republic has entered on @ path of conélict with the Parliament; he is now commencing @ coarse of hostilities which must inevitably lead to & rupture with the majority it is a firet fatal step, of which he bas not probably calculated all the consequences—a firet step, the importance of which he ought, however, to appre- ciate the value when his will is met by that una- nimity of resignations on the part of his ministers, when be finds aii the men of the party of order ing from him. If tae electoral jaw was good in 100, when the former state of things gave red elections, how can it be bad when we draw heer tl lection of the President! And if some errors have been discovered in it, why ask forthe total repeal! Why not retain wh, admitted to be useful! Why is it necessary to cal! for reforms end modifications with sach n ise' The repeal of the law of May 21 is the pretension of the reds, the banner of all tho revolutioniete The P ont cannot be ignorant of that, nor that bis project of repeal m come an undoubted caues of agita tion. Al; y it paralyses basiness, diesurbs men’s wiiuts, and impe ay Abe It is on the part of some of the legitimist or- gaps that the nger is displayed. The Opinion Publi; “« The act of President of the r than achange of minietry—it ie ac! Lowe Bonaparte this tic the whole Oya 4 of what isdone. It cannot be said that be wes forced to it by the Permanent Com- mittee, for it was chosen prinai pally of men favora- ble to the government; nor can it be affirmed that he was fooimbily advised by hie ministry, for they it) blic 4 more ge of policy. sion which was looked to by the inhabitants with | have resigned em masse. Jt ic conse quently kim- Great interest. It concerns the property in specie | self, of his own initiative, who erte new ‘of the eanten of Berne, carried away by the Frenck | situation; it is hisown reeponsilikty it at in 179%, and of other property in gold and silver | stake. What M. Bonaparte docs is thie—be repar- fried at that period for aafoty to ike Oberland. | ates from the majority with which be bad matched; pee» M. de Staempée, the Inte | he abandons the pelicy which he had hitherto fol- President of the Federal Assembly, at ita head, pre- | lowed, to opinions, to embrace the polit tends that certain patrician fomilics of the of the Lome and he bee done tha % CT apes qy ad CAT om saved from the | inthe pre: maseeees bia a = reneb; , Ln conser it now proposes that \. le fe now ones to re the descendants of these familice be made to 1 the law of 81, acd thus Erracther then what introduce some from waaes ervey f Berne shall be fine peste svaich a] ex hes of the ons Wale siutek, sash poctne, they sdiewe Vg © ted | preyed for the al of the law of May 31, and in the . On the other band, law aa- | which he caused his ministry to tine; im have bad @ long report prepared on the | one year and a half he owa A matter, in whioh it is to name f iRfcial | and logitimatizes the absontion of the revolu commission of seven or members, bat without eg and their against all elections exolusion of the burgess class, and with per- have place. He ‘nut ‘asgee be Dm to the Grand Council of the canton to 4 policy and hiscamp. His base of operations in the pL after the ty for some time beck the Constitw- commission have 0p the question. So the Presse, andthe . He by the te matter septs ot presses. Soren of 1» ROW onden ros os mila bony colors in the rainbow in their variations. Such is the new which now gargs in consequence of the about of the President of the republic, to the ite of men’ int thus troub! and of men’s | ideas, shocked, to iment of the | the icion in the face of the country, and to the profit of the revolationary has taken he nitive in ane Ncneee sibility of it.” pet raladive to the dis turbances at pul of yesterday, the ‘ollowin; ceived :—Oun Saturday last, in consequence of infor- mation received by gurheriiios, ‘@ warrant was against rsons Toei charge of having onased several endiary fires, one of which consumed a farm-house and offices, the ‘of M. Metairie, an ironmaster. Tnoy were ested and imprisoned at Sancerre. On Sunday morniog, 150 persons, residing at Precy, Jussy, Le- chaudrier, and other villages, marched to Sancerre to rescue the prisoners. They announced on their passage that Wey were followed by the democrats of La Charité the operatives of Fourchambaul:. This mob, of whom about 40 were armed with mus kets, and the remainder with }» proceeded with some hesitation, which afforded time to the authori- ties to adopt measures against them. The rapped was beaten at Saneerre, and the energy of tho na- tional guard diseoncerted the socialis:s of the loca- lity, an feared to move. ‘The brigades of gendar- merie of Lére, Sancergues, Vailly, and Sance-re, in the Cher, and La charité, Pouilly, and Cosne, in the Niévre, were ready at the first signal, and added by their vigor to the demonstration. Tho national guards of the suburbs, summoned by the sub-prefect, supplied a detachment. A captain of the general staff joined their commander, who is his brother-in-law. The attitude of these troops ap- | nig to be so determined that tha insurgents egan to retreat before they had arrived at the foot of the hill. At the suggestion of the commander of the national guards of the suburbs, the pre- fect commanded a detachment te pursue the insurgents in flight At three leagues from Sancerre, the gendarmerie arrested turee strag- glers, each armed with a double-barrelied gun, loaded halfway to the muzzle. One, who appeared to be tho chief, carried, in addition, a pocket pistol and a poignard. At the moment of his arrest he swaliowed a piece of 20 francs, not- withstanding the efforts of a gendarme to arrest him. After a halt of aa hour at Lagrange, during which M. Montalivet, with his well known hosp! tality, distributed refreshments in abundance to the natigual guards and gendarmes, the detachment returned to Sancerre with their prisoners. Othor risoners, arrested in various directions, were brought in subsequently : 200 artillerymen arrived the same afternvon at Sancerre from Bourges They were compelled, in their own defencsa, to hold their pistols in their hands, in consequence of a local deraonétration, and the ironival cries of Vive la République! Some arrests were made, which calmed the zeal of the democ Ona the morning of the 13th the authorities proceeded to Precy, where an investigation on a grand scale is aboxt to be mado. The artillerymen at Sancerre have been relieved by 150 hussars. All the respectable inhabitants in the department are loudly demanding that it be placed in a state of siege “The last as counts state that the agitation still continued, bat that the authorities were fully prepared to repress further disturbances. “Tn consequence of the ill treatment to which seme of the soldiers of Paris and the neighborhood have been for some time past exposed from the socialists, or those who pretend to be so, when they are met in lonely places, singly or in swall parties, a general order was read the day before yesterday in the several barracks of the garrison. Tis order not only requires the soldiers thus attacked to repel by force any assault made on them, bat threatens severe punishment in case they do not immediately use their arms. Several brutal and unprovoked assaults have been recently committed on inoffen- sive soldiers and gendarmes, and i; became neces- sary to adopt energetic measures to put a stop to them. EMIGRATION FROM FRANCE TO CALIFORNIA. The Paris correspondent of the London papers says:— have mentioned in former letters that public Opinion, alarmed at tho comparatively unfavorable tenor of the accounts from California during the last two years, has been rather opposed to the project of sending out emigrants there with the funds of the Lingots d'Or lottery. One of the repreaches ad- dressed by M. Reyre to the dismissed manager, M. Langlois, was that, in seeking to divert any part of the funds from their original destination, he was committing a breach of contrac: wi the public, who must be taken to have countenanced the lot ery upon the faith that emigration to California was tbe one beneficent purpore to be furthered by it. The recent notice from the agora of potica, that the Malouin would sail with em‘grants trom Havre in a few days, and would be speedily followed by several other departures, seemed to evince a deter- mination on the part of the new management to adhere strictly to the original scheme. But the Potrie announced that the Minister at War has asked the government to apply the whole of the lottery funds in sending emigrants to the central agricultural distrists of Algeria. Both the National and the Débats warmly oppose the California project, which, indeed, does seem most cruel towarde the unfortunste laborers whom it proposes to carry out at the smallest possible cost, and then to leave them to their own resources, with the exeeption of fifteen days’ provisions, with which they were to be furnished. At the end of that time it is evident that mest of them would find starvation staring them in the face, unless— which the anxiety manifested to send them to California leads one to suspect—a company of speculators should be there already, calculating upon taking advantage of the misery of these men, to gain their services at alow price. If the interests of the French colonies, and of the emigrants themeelver, are to be consulted, it certainly ceems that Aigeria, with its broad, uncu)- tivated lands, its want for population, its ular overnment, and comparative proximity, offers a ‘tter, or at least a safer, field for emigration, than the lawless wilds of the distant gold regions. The emigration to Algeria failed miserably two years pao and most of the emigrants returned wrotched to Frarce. Kussian Domination in Central Asia. The German Cunstitutional Gazette contaias the followiog article on the complicatiorfs of which Cen- tr # is at this moment the theatre:—‘ Twelve i go the Persian army, Spe pe agents of {ussia, was repulsed under the walls of Herat, England undertook the fatal e: ition to Cabul, led either by ambition or by a desire to put an end to the Russian influence on the frontiers of India. Russia accepted the challenge, and marched an ex- pedition against Khiva. The two rivals accordingly gave each other a rendezvous in the plains of - triana, for, had the English succeeded in establish- ing themeelves in Cabul andthe Russians in Khiva, the pulks of the Baekirs and Corsacks would bave soon come to blows. Bat both expeditions failed, and when England bad avenged the bonor of her arms by & new expedition, and vigorously chastised the Afighans, she definitively withdrew her armies from the country, to achieve more easy and usefal conquests in Scitde end the Puojab. Russia alone did not renounce her plans, and waited an opporta- nity to execute them. The firet ohj-et of the cabi- net of St. Petersburg was to subject to her domi- nation the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea, in or- der to obtain a point Capput for futurs operations, and secure supplies, reinforcements, and a means retreat, in case of reverse. With that view, Kus via erected forte on different points, and placed garri- fons in tbem. She then opened negotiations with the Turkomans. The Kerghires readily consented to recognire the white Czar for their master. By @milar manourres, pursued wih perseverance du- rin, Styne ee , the Rustian dominationextended to Lake Aral, frontiers of Turkisten. for more t underta, uld offer itee) . nd the is preparing to ? f the Khan of Herat gave the sign War of tuccession, in which Persia has apd will, in all probabil the did in voke ence more the , In the nder the pretext of an in- landed a body of troops on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea, whieh is now marching towards He: reneral Po weki, who, rotwithstanding the I result of the expe- dition to Ehive, is considered as one of the ablest enerals of R t nt of Orenburg. Sheuld he march alone, or in conjanction ‘with a Persian army towards Herat, it will be easy for him, if provided with a euficient artillery, to re- duce that fortress, where he will not meet this time a Pottinger. wilt England remain an impassive —, of events which threaten to shake, at no stant period, ber.empire in India’ We do not be- lieve it, and we are convinced that hear of aon.’ ere long we shall measures adopted by the Britieke govern- RUSSIAN STATIETIOR. sop the Earterm Counties Herald ] _ The debt of Russia, about which 40 little ie consisted in 1846 of terminable Duteh the pormanoth fofolgn snd acnestis dent’ sedan it debt, 42, being # total of £49187 411. Since that period E it has gradmaily increased; the terminable debt was, in , £5,616,864; the domestic domestic, baviog rien te sho mene eseing me in to £36, total Mea ‘aba A OE before : comprehensive statement of the operations revere banks or credit. establichm irs fies be icy. Let him pursuo | and | wherever @ particular class is in possession of legis- and advances period were £25,215,587. The paper money in circulation on the lst of Jani 847, the latest date we have, was as follows:—Ihe paper money in oirsulation, including bark notes (old), deposite, and credits, amount to £42,706,991, whilst the securities in deposit, including silver coin, gold, gold ingots, and sums in the bec for current a. hg canoe to £16,780,631. We regret to say that we have no means of rendering an account of the total amouat of inland revenue of the empire; but the following is an accurate statement of the produce of the cus- tom’s duties in the years specified. In 1824, the customs yielded £2.2363:19; in 1834, £3,642,210; in 1e44, £5,046,940; in 1845, £4,815,791. In 1846, by the tariff of June Ist, reductions were made in the import and export duties of several articles, but the revenue continued to be buoyant. We find i: in 1846, £5, 041; ia 1847, £4,853,128; and in 1848, £4,943, 191. he ex of collecting the Russian customs, ineludin, establishments and frontier guards, is about 6} per cent of the revenus. ‘The nature of the receipts is as follows, say, in i The customs duties yielded £4,659,291; the excise on Crimean salt, £50,834; bonded goods and rent of warebouses, £38,404; dues of various cities, for constructing bridge over tho £146,469; dues Neva, £38,789: and receipts from goods and pas- eengers in Odes jteamboats, £9,154—total, as above, £4,943, 191. The shipping trade of Russia has insreased con- siderably since 1842. In that year the total number of vessels which entered inwards at the northern and southerm ports of tke empire, were 4,927, amounting to {93,866 tens; the number in ballast and with cargoes being equal. The following is a statement of the vessels which entered and cleared in the years 1847 and 1848:— ENTERED 15) Ports. 1847. 1848. o_o Vessels. Tons. Vessels, Tons. On the Baltic 6231 $88,046 8,092 645.836 White Sea. B24 118.683 = 330 81,196 Black Scacnd Sea of 201 969.554 2818 613.076 10-9880 181 10,978 Motel, sone cese'ss 11,366 1996.008 6.401 1,823,080 45408 3.010 533330 1,481,160 3491 739750 LEAKE OUTWARDS. Ports. 1847. 1847. oo ee Vessels. Tone Vessels. Ts, 63L 829088 3023 | 527.678 $22 (:138,12 827 80,1388 231 1,025.982 2685 581.992 130 "8106 1528 348 Ws24 1998,568 7.197 1.177.994 With cargoes 10,068 1915875 5456 1,005 753 rote { Tn baliset 456 82602 «711 (112.238 In this last year of 1848 we may add that of those entered inwarés, £49 were Brisish vessels with car goes to the extent of 109,003 lasts ; and 1,504 ves- sel 203,€65 lasts in ballast; beirg a total of 2,553 vessels of 412,663 lasts, the last being aboat twotons. The clearances of British vessels in 1543 were 2,347, carrying 236,161 lasts; whilst 75 ves sels cleaied is "ballast, representing 9,713 lasis; being a total of clearances of 2.322 British vossels, amounting to 245,574 laste. The total number of Russian vessels is computed by the consul at Ared- angel to be about 700 to 750. In 1847, 150 vessels es one steamer were built at tho various ports of Russia, whilst only 82had been buil: ihe preceding ear. Their tonnage was from %2 to 300 lasts. he Ruesians sold 7 versels in 1846, and 3 in 1817; whilst Russian ee purchased 56 vessels in 1846, oxd 34 in 1847, besides 3 steamers. The num- ber of Russian ships wrecked in 1S45 was 44, and 59 in 147. A suflicient idea may be formed of the coasting trade of Russia if wo remark that the value ot the cargece cleared from the northera ports, not including Archangel, were, in 1847, £973,452 ; in 1848, only £795,239. From the southern ports the value of the cargoes cleared coastwise was, ia 1847, 66,445 ; in IS48, £1,348, The total value ot clearances from Archangel was, in 1813, £271,444; in 1549, £711,730. To sam up, wo may etate that the total valuo ofimports and exports (exclusive of epecie of the Kussianempire) from aud to foreign e tries, Poland, and Finland, was as follows, it being observed that tae valutiscoinputed from the price current, which is a lower etaudard than the * merchant's,” or declared value :— Yeors. Imyorts. Exports Years. In 1842. £13 £03.063 18,616.049 15 pt 0,687 23.534 755 84 14 053,06 534 7 3,227 13,980,637 ‘The amounted, in 1848, to £959,202, and the other ex- Ca 719; almost the whole of whica The toral imports of gold, silver, and specie n gold and silver. Russia, excia as, in 17, £3.5) of bing ee from Great britain, ze to this country were £ 1848 the imports from us were £4,17: exports, £8,224,343. France stood next importa from France into Ri in 1847, wero £1,376,490 ; the exports, £3, in 1543 the imports from France were £1,252,139; the ox. ports fell down to £505,536, owiog to the French revolution. The quantity of goid produzed in Kuesia has prodigiously ‘increased. Compating 113 grains to the pound sterling, we find the quan- tity, in 1823, was 3,510 troy pounis, equal to £173,958. In 1538 it had risen to 19,699 pounds troy, being £1,004,120; in 1848 te 77,603 pounds troy, £3,026,255 ; and, in 18i9, the produce was 71,711 pounds troy, £3,380,721; of which the COural mountains produced about one fourth, and Siberia the remaining three-fourths. Taxation In Amert ‘From the Chronicle, Septem! The evidence received by the Income mittee, with respect to American systems of taxa- tion, is extremely important and interest: Mr. Dodley Seldemend Colonel Benjamin Johnson fally oe the principles and process of asseasment in New York; Mr. Ashdel Smith showed how the national leve of common sense and justice predomi- nates ia the fiscal arrangements ot ‘Texas, notwith- standing the tionabie origin of that State, and the mixed character of itspopulation. It isnot no- amuring to obs hat the Southern squatters, who make the laws, tax stock in tra one-third higher than real Property, and exempt the produce of the land, whether in the hands of the grower or consumer, from all imposts whatever. Similar little weakaesses will be found in older countries, | lative power. On the whole, the fiscal e* ments of Texas aiffer but slightly from the system which prevails in the wealthy and civilized State of New York, and g:nerally throughout the Union. It must be remembered that all outlay for impe- | rial purposes is borne by the genera! government, | cut of the produce of 7. indirect hm The 7, cnses of the army, of the navy, of lig! a, 0! he central odminitration, of Congrestand of the Supreme Court of the United States, are supplied by the proceeds of the customs duties, | which are imported by Congress, and reoeived by the federal treasury. ‘he costs of the government, oo and judicial establish- ment of New York, are paid out of the funds of the State; but the chapter of taxce, as regerds that fortuuate community, may be ae concite as the celebrated treatise of Pontoppidan on snakes—itasmuch as there are no State taxes in New York. The revenue derived trom publia works both meets the interest on the debt, and leaves a sofficient surplus to disebarge all the ex- perres ofthe State. In case of need, the local go- vtrnment levies a rate on the basis of the assexe- ment that ie al, ly in force for the purposes of the counties and the tewne. An exactly similar | arrargement prevails in England with respect to the cownty rate, which ie Gxed by the justices in querter fessions, and leried from the parish #, Who are enthorized to collect it from the ers, in preportion and in addition to their poor rates. A system of thie kind is only practica- Je where the per e raised for more geaeral emall ratio to the original amount te payer. The direct Pinte taxes Logland too large to admit of their being | added to the parochial rates | At prere' he property tax is the only impost levie New York. It is exacted by the towns and counties babitually, and by the State in case of peed. The largeness of the amount raised may excite some strprise when it is remembered that the purposes to which itis applied are exclusively | lecal and municipal. The real and personal pro- tty in New York lately been valaed at | 51,619. 595—the S:ate and county taxes were £5,788, and the town taxes $1,908520. The whole amount, therefore, was no less thau three fourths per cent on the whole nominal eapital of the country; and, allowing for undervaluation and fer a high rate of interest and profit, this is probably equivalent to an income tax of ten per cent on the average, subject to wide differences in ite repartition among various districts. Tae ree es to which the tax is oyemy include he ordinary municipal expenses in cities, the relief of the = when required, schools, and perhaps some otber public inetitutions, but neither sewers nor roads. When it is recollected that all imperial end general charges are borne “ the federal go- vernment, or by the State out of its independent | revenues, the prorerty tax levied on the people of | New York will not appear unduly light. Tne im- | it correepends in its character tour income tax, Kea tax, ard parich rat nd, in the purposes for which i: ie applicable, t focal taxes only. If ‘can hools to pay for, which we leet to tain, they are relieved from the ty burden of poor rat joapt fo far as the emigraate in the port of New York may require | and natural resources of E; sound fiscal be on soon principles, they may be con- scheme or oy ye ee Hal iBan ths amount which 1s levied, or the poses to which it-is" applied. ‘The. most striking peouliarity the impost is, thatitis strictly a tex upon 7. al r irrespective of in- come. ble value, whether of land or per- sonalty, is the only standard which the assessor ia allowed to consult. In Texas, the invoice prices charged to the merchant ly the basis of assess- ment for his stock in In the more ad- vanced community of New York, a deduction is allowed for bona fide debts and liabilities; but, in every State, it appears to be the practice to look to the property, instead of sesealog the owner. In the case of land, this rule is strictly followed. Every separate estate is d by the asseszor ao- cording to its saleable value; and it is at his own risk that tho proprietor neglects to pay the tex. In case of default, or in the absence of a visible owner, the Comptroller of the State, as the chief Gnaneial officer, makes good the deficient sums tu the county and the towa—and, after due notice, to sell the land, subject to redemption by the proprietor, if he appears within two years. ‘When there is personal property on the estate, it is held liable, in the first instance; and, general: speaking, the tax gatherer has a lien on all goo: until the duties assessed upun thom are discharge The machinery for assessing and collecting the tax is simple, and, so far as vieiblo and tangible roperty is concerned, it is pppereorly efficient. ‘he assessors, who must be freeholders, ure elected by the towns, which ecernepns, to parishes in Eng- land, Their duty consists in bringing all the pro- perty within their district into assessment, and in attaching to it a value, which is estimated accord- ing to the best of their judgment. The counties, again, elect supervisors, who are cntrusted wich e duty of cerrectiog the inequalities that arise from the tendency of each town to secure an undue advantage by giving in alow valuation. On tae astessmen’ thus revised, both the town and county taxes are collected, as they are required from time totime. The State, if it wants a contrioujiva to its resources, names the sum needed, and levies it from the counties in pro; fon tothe amount of their re-pective assessmcn's. ‘The county offio-ra, as we havo explained, enforces equality of rating among the townships; and tae Comp’roller, ia cx of need, either exercises a similar authority the counties, or applies to the Legislavure for One rate-book, in short, constitutes the whole code ef (he community, except as regards t toms duties, which are placed by the coasiitu under the control of the federal legislutare. cept so far as the income tax and tho atsessed taxes aie concerned, our own system of direct imposts is pat greatly dissimilar. The house duty will pro- bably be levied, in most cases, according te the parochial assesement, and sowe kinds of property are rated tothe income tax with roference to the tame standard. Altsough property is taxed in Anerica, and income in ngland, the distingsion is more apparent than real. In both cases an acnual impost 1s levied—on the one side of the Atiaatic ac- cording to the value for selling, on the other, by the value for letting. The reason is evidently that sales are more common in New York,and dom ses more familiar to ourselves. Wherever both classes of transactions are usual, either test of value woald confi:m and be equivalent to the other. It hap- pens, however, that the practice of assessing capi- tal, instead of income, has precluded seme of the doubts and difficulties which have given rise to coa- troveicy in England. The ambiguous proposals to capitalize income for the purpose of taxation will be best elucidated by examining the practice of a State which leaves income, &9 far as fiscal objects are conceined, altogether out of consideration. The Hungarian Refugees, (From the London Times. , M. Kossuth may safely be left to tell his own story, as loug as he doesit in the language he lately eddressed to the democrats of M. Yes With ail hisingenuity he does not possess the art to concsal art. All the known productions of his pen during the var, bore marks of the same strained sentiment, affected modesty, and inflated appeals to popular sympathy, which we observe in the Marseilles ma- nifesto. "We know no one who writes like him, except M. Mazzini, who has graduated in the same school; ard the style of both these eminent persoas appears toustobe more remarkable for mystical conccit than for any other quality It is at any rate so peculiar that the attempt to deny the authenticity of the Marscilles document, because it fell like a wet blanket on the hopes of the Kossuth- ites in this country, was as !udi:rous as it would be to dispute the authenticity of any of tae writings of Mr. Themas Carlyle. 1s is much more probable that an attempt will be made in this couatry to provide M. Koseuth with a vocabulary better suived to Erglish use, and that he will be warned by his friends bere not to throw away ® fair chance of no toriety by com: ng himself to opinions or ex- pressions wosui to the notions of the Queens les address is eminently erisuic of the man as he is, wud it will be found to correspond m ely the docu nents n which he endeavored to prolong the war in [iao- gery to extermi jon, by recommending tho last acts of atrocity to the whole population. 4 11 this, however, the government of the United States and its officers a-e made. as it svems tous, to cut the mos: absurd figure. Presiden’ more had been induced, by a strong disslay of popalur sympatby, to send a frigate to Europe te fetoh the Hengerisn refugees from Turkey, anda haudsome sum of money was placed by the American captain of this vessel in Kossuth’s hands. No sooner, how- ever, had the Mississippi arrived in the lsngitude ot Marseilles, than an attempt was made to leave the Americans in the lurch, and oo their dona tion, in a trip via Paris, to Sout pion and the Great Exhibition. No practical resson has deen alleged for these excursions at all, and asthe marine horpitality and public liberality of the American overpment ecepted by M. Kossath, it is tingular to testify his sense of these attentions by marked disinclination to cross the Atlavtic. T real object of allthese manoouvres may easily be detected: it is to satisfyan immoderate love of notoriety, which is more pleasurable, excited by a borough corporation in Europe, than by a power‘ul State in the other hemisphere; bat, above all, to bring about a meeting between the Hungarian agitator and the chiefs of the revelutio party throughout Europe, who avail themse! of the wildness and toleration of our laws to organize in London igh egies conspiracy agains’ it the powers of the continent, and 0 openly for the execution of their derperaty project the spring of the year 1852. To tha: conclave M. Kossuth is @ weloome and a worthy addition. Lola Montez in Lyons, Transiated from Le Journal du Havre, Oct, 16 } ‘The Salut Public, of Lyons, contains the followieg:-~ ‘Madame Lela Montez, Countess of Landsfeld, arrived yesterday at Lyons, where she will give only ® single erforman toking place to morrow, Tuseday, at the rend Theatre. ‘The port bills of the day will give the programme of the rpectacie, and the details of the pes whieh will be danced by the celebrated artiet. The public curiosity is highly excited with the desire of seeing upon our theatre the lady of whem all the European jourmais have 0 Cte d ro Giversely apcken.”’ ‘The following letter was directed to the Constitutionnel by Madame Lola Montez, Countess of Landafeld:— “To M. Véron, editor and proprietor of the Constitu- ‘ionneli= Within the past two mouths, your paper bas Published two erticles on me: the first does not desig- bat the least intelligent reader caa ur intention is to speak of me, and, & responeibility. you say Uhat it fs tak glitch paper. The English writers are less pe The second artile (Relgtan counterfeiting) names ma, end for that, Lark of you the publication of my answer, tgalrst your jokes of & very bed taste; for I do not know What I have aone to merit them, 1. 1 do not know how to swias, tir...... Would you be pelitically my master? 2. My corrcepondeuce with high perecns, is weil worthy of yo * 8 As for Js cr pistols, T do not know thelr ure; but er. bate aoe powerful . wie, and perfidy: you do « y r to revenge yoursel! upo ie0y... Ut te neither frank nor manly. If ycu continue, rir, { wilt be eb'iged to rend you my cord, and my fecords, to put an ecd to your ridiculous ammority; but it will not be th pistols; Lam more gears usin a combat. I wiil offer to you two pills, ia a Mx cheef them will be poicone ad you will net be able to refuse a duel with arma w are so familiar to you. 1 Lave the bonor of ane “ LOLA MONTEZ. ing in eeble In representation at Lyons, Oct. 12, iss. Crystal Palace. To the list of prizes is appexded the following awards :— UNCLASSIFIED COUNCIT. MEDALS. His Royel Highness Prince Albert, for the origi- nal conception and successful prosecution of the idea of the Great Exhibition of 1851, joint medal i Cait granted for the Model Lodging House in jase Chamber of Commerse, Lyons, for the collection which it exhibite, pregre ts shown thi jade, through their exertions, Lyons. Company, the Hon, for the valuable and extent t ollestion, hhtustrating nd manufactures of India. pt, the of, for the very valuable and eneral silk very the ive collection, illustrating the manufactures French Minister of Wart tor tho part taken by bim in exhibiting prod Sy ¢ valuable collection of raw ts from Algerit the government of, for the valuable and ve collection of raw products, showing the | batoral resources of Spain. Turis, the Bey tensive collection, ill natw al resources of Turkey, the govercment of, for the valuable aod jor the very valuable and cx- ating the manufactures and ssistance. Evenin maintaining the schools, the State revenwes ase preg 10 ald of top tages, of extensive collection of raw produsts, showing the batural resources of Turkey. ' . The A palm. By apple Fogeraed as the finest fruit country in the world. The mollifying influence of Lake Ontario—which never freezes, a8 Lake Erie does—extends more or legs over the whole level or slightly undulating re- gion occupied by the lower portion of silurian rocks, on which the rich soils is oe 4 of the State rest, and from which they are enerally formed. From Oswego, near tho east end of Lake Ontario, to Niagara, beyond its western or up; extremity, this region forms a belt about 40 miles wide by 50 miles long ; and over it the early frosts of autumn, which are 80 injurious to frait trees, are: comparatively unfelt. The rish coils of this district pr juce larger and more beautiful fruit, though in- jor, it issaid,in that high flavor which diatin- guishes the Atlantic apples; and the profit of the cultivators is estimated, on the average, at frou £20 to £30 an acre. In Wayne county, sbont the middle of this belt of land, the merchants of Palmy- ra (a shipping village on tho Eris Canal) sent off 50,000 barrels of green or fresh, and 10,000 of dried apples in the same year, besides 1,000 bushels of ied peaches. In Oneida county, part of four townships shipped on the canal, in 1813, as maay ag 13,000 barrels, at from 624 to 100 cents per barrel. ‘This is a very low price for good apples; bat ix New York the best apples seli for three or four, and in Londoa for nine doilars a barrel. __ Indeed, so rapidly i frust cultare rising into importance in this region, and so great the number of persous now interested in it, that a gomslo ical convention has recently been formed, for consider~ ing and investigatiug everything sonnected with the culture of the apple. Nearly 200 recugnized varie- ties of apples, says Professor Johaston. are alrea: cultivated in the States; and one importaut object which this convention may usefully keep in view, is the classification and nomenclature of these dif- ferent kinds In the States, only the finest apples are sent to market—the waste or refuse being gane- rally made into cider. But it is to be remembered tut those varieties which are best fur the tablo are unfit alone to make @ pulatable cider. The eulcare, growth, and rclestion of cider-apples, the proper ri n che ecushing mill, &o, is a niring special kaowledge, the acquisitio diffusion of which may be greatly promoted by @ judisious!y conducted association of ‘owers. In the United States, also, as elsowhere, the a) § ple-trees naturally yield s heavy crop oaly eve sceond year. But Mr. Pell—the owver of ono of the finest orchardsin America, on the River Had- —has recently been investigating whether an annual crop might nox be secured from his valuable Newtown pippin-trees, of which be s 2,000 ia full bearing. His experiments, we are told, were erfectly sucreeeful; only be had begun to appre~ Bena that the life of his trees might be ehortenod by this course, and thgt he might have to replaco them £0 many years sooner. Should this prove the result, it will still, probably, be fond more profitae ble—as it is with the peacd-orcbards of New Jersey —to heve a succession of new trees coming up to replace the old, than to continue to dearer one full crop in the two years, Mr. Pell caltivates his erchard grouods as if there w no trees upon them, aud raises grain of every kint, except rya— which crop, strange to say, he fiads so iejarious that ho bevieves three successive crops of it would destroy any orchard which is lees than twenty years old. This is a physiological fact as yet insapable of being explaiued, but well doserving of evientiiis investigation. It is well known that the quality of both soil and eubseil have a very material influcace on the growth of fruit-trees—the apple, the pear, the peacn, and even the coilee tree, sing to thrive or continue bearing io favorable climates, if the soil be unpro- pitious. i mmon anywhere, but it is divtipetly broug yut_in the case of the apple- trees at Miramichi, in New Bruaswick, where the ourg treca die, though the climave is most favora~ tie, yet ifa good deep soil be put under them, the: will thrive well and bear good fruit Aaosher cut’ ous illustration of the cocuection of geology, even with this branch of rural indy , that che na- ture of the rock over wi pple trees grow affects the flavor of the cider which is made from the fruit. Thus, the cider ofthe chalk-soils in Nor- mandy differs in flavor from that of sandy, and both from ibat of clay soils—the variety of fruit aud the management being the same. Hence the gout dee .cin spoken of by French connoisseurs, is 4 correct expression fur this Dovbtiers, among of Western New Y likewise be ob the cider um liar cher cognizable difference. glogical deposits sr differonces must ju the fruit aud in which will give pesa- wumendetions to the pro several districts. Of course, cli- ze, avd its effects are strikin, iu New Brunswick, fruit of go raed, nad the culsivution for bome 4& prod; bar the sree Lole flivor, are t compete with the large ariver, of Western New erved enough. quality may 1 coneum plich carried apple, though o p general pwa!l, on d: lieate app es of the Hud York, ana of Northern Obi “itis probable, [ think ston, ‘“yrat the great beat of ths eun is in reality a chief cavse of the ema'inees of the fruis, hustentn, the 1s progress before the apple has ha time to swell. Its scorching effect was seen upom the fallen fruit, which was dried and altered, as if by artificial heat, on the side which had been ex: posed to its rays. The ten o'clock sua has tao effect also of scorching the young trees, cae @ stripe all the way down the stem, aad fiaatly kill- ing them. The preventive is to wind a straw rope round the stem, and to let all the branches grow tillit has gota rough bark. It is an interostiog | fact, that part ofa stem thas protected will thicken | favter than the uncovered portion, and, when the straw is detached, will be of ih”? "says Professor Jona- red-streak apple, roast it before # slow fire on a china ), put it intoa half-pint tumbler, mash 2 and let iT 2 ove wine glassful of good eogni stand twelve hours Add then two wi water, dus: it over with nutmeg, putin of white sug tir tl, aud drink ” enuine apple todd, en as @ winter driok—mint juleps teking ite in summer. Among these jovial middie Stat itranger bas a chance m of living according to his mined temperance up-holdin; eastern States scarcely permi turn relative to rail- wayr, ed yesterda: the following facts:— The toval amount of capital and loaus auchorizod to be raised upto December 31, 1850, by the various railwey companies, was £362,796,676, of whick 281,602,415 by shares, and £51,291,201 by loans. be amount authorized to be raised during 1850 was , and £1,195,300 by loans. Tae are capital actually paid up om the Bist of December, 1890, was £194,/03,677, of which £34,740,800 is entitled to receive preferentiny dividend, or interest. ‘The total debts of railway companies up to the above date, amounted to £55,- 507,005 The total amount raised by shares and Joane at the erd of 1860 was £240 270,746, and tho amount which companies retained power to raise, either by existing or new shares, or by loans, yaa £122,431 901 On the 31st of December, 1834, the: length of tingle line epen was 1.1547 mnfles; and of double line, 5 406 miles, mekiog a total of 6, miles. ‘The length of tine in course of construction at the fame date was S67 miles, and of that author- ized, but rot commenced, 4472; miles. The total length of rniiwey for which powers had been ob- teived by the various ¥ Companies, previous to Lecember 31, 1560, was 11,904 miles. Luring 1450 the following aumalgw ops have been effected:— The ary il Luwfeies and Carlisle, with the Glargo#, Povrley, Kilmarnock, and Ayr, under the title of the Giasyow and Southwestern Kailway Company; the Mailow avd Fermoy, ¥, purchase trapeferred to the Great Southern and Western; the Keeding, Guilford, and Keigate, transferred by leare to the Soatheastorn; the Royston and [lit shin, transferred by lease to the (ireat Northern: the South Staffordekire, transferred by lease to Jobim Robinson M’Lean; andthe Windsor, Staines, and Southwesters, transferred by purchase to the Lon- don and Southwestern. The total length of lines, for the construction of which powers for the com- tong A purcbase of land had been granted and ave been allowed to expire without tae exercise of Ba pores, ——— My] 986 “~ 783 chains, and @ capital appropriated by Parliament for sach lines wae £21,{30,543 Times, voaR Cxop oP Lovistaxa.—From all learp, Tur § babyes dae ei if 35. 2B: i :