The New York Herald Newspaper, August 19, 1851, Page 3

nnn nnn nnn eee eee IRELAND. Irish Emigration, [From the London Circular to Bankers, July HM.) It very meely Beppens that two documents, con- ts of so im, nature, have been mth Report of and Emigration Commission. facts contained in these documents are of such ature as to deny all caviling; they cannot be about, and “ cooked,” twisted and tu ” for party purposes; snd the bad tales which the: aa any Spee to the rulers of this country in at cannot be well misunderstood. The popula- tion of Ireland has actually falien below the number contained in the census of 1821, by 236,000 perso and 1,659,330 below the population in 1341; show diminution in ten years of about twenty per pak Tho movement of this decrease will be best shewn in the following figures:— 6.801 827 7 167.401 BAT5.i28 6,515,794 ould be impossible to find, in the face of sivil- fod Bane a meton that can show such arapid rogress of depletion, as that which is writtea ia ire foregoing igures. The ¢lements which have been in operation to complete—in fact we cannot they are complete—these terrible results can po be fully known, by investigating the annals of crime, poverty, and death, recorded in public documents. ‘That Ireland has had to contend with evils of incredible magnitude, none will be disposod to deny; but, if we admit that the destruction of the crop in 1816-7, was one of the most pow- erful difficulties against which the people and the overnment had to contend, there must be some tent evil which still pervades the whole system, to roduce the direful results that have occurred in ‘his unfortunate country. ‘Those who have readthe- accounts of Irish starvation, in the letters of Mr. Osborne, published in the 7'imes, must be con- vinced that it would be difficult to oxpaEeeie, in language, the miseries of this peoplo; and all that has been written, and all that has beensounded daily in the ears of the people, of these miseries, is now proved to be true, beyond the power contradis- tion by the Poor-law report, the Emigration re- turns, and the Census. We know that political economists will not fail to alate upon the causes of this diminution of a people, who, for generations, have been proverbial for their love of home and country; and already we see the heartless term of the ‘tfabor market” called into existence by these ‘writers, to prove that the depopulation of Ireland moust lead to an increase of wages. But we cannot stand alone in our opinion respecting the conditioa of Ireland. Surrounding nations will say, when they read the history of that island, in the records to which we have referred, “Is this a portion of country which bears allegiance to the British crown? 1s this a population that belongs to a nation who claims the sovereignty of the seas, and the most ex- tensive empire in the world—whose wealth is the envy of surrounding nations, and whose commerce surpasses, in extent, that of every other country on the globe? Can this be a people living under the #way of a sovereign whose royal consort stands at the ‘head of a movement by which the wealth of every clime, and industry and art of every degree, have been collected beneath a single roof?” These more than another, as wi.!! be seen by the following table :— Con- Leinster, Munster! Vester. naught. Total, 14s, 142.802 227,0a.* 183,112 651,145 itr 135,321 221'208 277,524 628,292 Decrease in each Province...... 4513 5981 5841 558 22023 Decrease cent on 1849 ae Bie ge gale The total extent of land under crops in 1349 was 5,543,748 acres, and in 1550 it was 5,758,292 acres, showing #n increase between 1819 and 1550 of 214.544 acres. This increase was by no means eneral throughout each description of crop, some Coving materially diminished. The followiag table shows the changes in the extent of each: — In 1819, In 1859. 8.149.558 1,317 672 91,040 1,200,124 General total. r 5,758,202 These figures decided aisposition on the part of farmers to fall back upon the classes of crops best adapted to the soil and climate, giving the pri mee to oats and flax—tho latter crop showing an increase of one-half on that of 1349. The extent of flax cultivated in each province in Treland in 1847, in 1819, and in 1850, was as fol- er Increase between Provinces, In 1847. In 1849, In 1850, 1849 and 1850, lores, Acres, eres, Acres. 74. “1.808 1,080 987 2004 1,157 93,701 57,01 85,065 auai4 1,811 21080 1,0 68,312 0,314 91.040 91. y litle alterasion in the each class of crops between this and former years; the increase in the cultivation of potatoes has been chiefly amongst the small farmers. Other green crops have increased with all classes, and flax has advanced most in proportionate extent, in the class above five to fifteen acres. In the rates of produce a material reduction is observable in wheat and potatoes, whereas oats and barley exhibit a slight improvemont. ‘Iho varying nates of produce in the samo localities in different ears, and the accident which places some districts high as wheat-growing counties, though not re- markable for the richness of their soil, show the reat uncertainty in the produce of this crop in Ire- fing. In 1847 and 1849, the county of Louth stood highest in the rate of wheat produce; in 1843, Lon- donderry and Wicklow, and in 1! Fermanagh d Sligo. a, Dablin held the highest place ie co S30. Wicklow in 1848, Louth in in 1847 and 1850; 1849. tity of live stock has considerably i Th ity of live stoc! 01 ra in- creamed’ since S19; the combined value of all de- scriptions, in money, — them at tl me rates as Rachie: shows the increase to be equal to are questions that will be asked by thousands, if we do not put them to ourselves, who will point the finger of ‘scorn to us when we boast of our wealth, our greatness, and our power, and exclaim—* Look at Ireland. You who boast of your power and riches, have not the power to save a country situ- ated only within a few hours’ sail of your own shares, ig being depopulated by famine, poverty, and death.” It might be supposed that if our population has become too numerous at home, that the immense colonial territory belonging to this country would afford ampie scope for the energies of those desirous of emigrating ; but the disposal of our colonial lands, Betead of bemg conducted upon a wise pies: that might add to the strength and wealth of the colonists, has been carrizd on by a system of job- bing, disgraceful to the government and to the country, and by which we have driven our emi- tants to seek a home in foreign lands. The fol- Owing figures will place this in a clear light :— Enigrants 1849. 1850. to per cent. British North Americ: » 1981 United States... 3 Australian Colcnie: 1075 Other Places... 2 100 The actual number of emigrants official corded from 1810 to 1850, inclusive, to parts, is as follow:— North Australian United Colonies and Other States. N. Zealand, Part. 40. 15.840 1,958 32.625 854 3. 830 2347 4949 23.904 S2191 16.087 Total...461,337 1,135,198 142944 34,126 1,775,635 It may be seen that, with our immense colonial territory, more than 73 per cent. of the emigrants embarked for the United States last year. There must be a cause for this preference, and ery powerful one: and the best proof that can be given of the condition of the emigrants is shown in the sums remitted to their friends, in this couatry, to follow them. We give them below Through London.. ” Liverpool ” £11,319 Cork. ” Waterford and New Koss. Total..s.secceeee ‘The amount remitted from North America, to friends in this oe to follow them, in 1845, was £460,000, and in 1849, £540,000; so that, during the past year the amount has been nearly doabled. Now the question that is naturaily suggested to ua by these facts is, that if the great porns | that has been represented to exist in this couvtry is admitted to be true, how do we account for the determination of 300,000 persons to quit it annually, and the reater portion of them resolved to etuigrate to Reign lands? The report before us states that “ theemigrants from Irdand were, om the whole, of a somewhat Letter class in 1550 than im former yews; therefore, it is not probable that men of this class, without the hope of improving their condition, would leave their uative land. If. wo are too nu- merous in this country, why is not emigration and the sale of lands in our colonies, conducted upon some established principle, instead of throwing our emigrants into the hands of a set of unpria- cipled jobbers. We have receiveda ietwer from the Cape of Good Hope, by the last , in whieh it is stated that the disposal of lands at Natal, through is a complete swindle, and that many who ed; great portions * them, consis:ing id, in which you asit. But it piment cares little for ire an amount paid adent bas qaitted apital ina more » shat every one who her country. ‘It is whieh we id to have entirely of a dry and barien s sink to the knees while walking ac seems that our colonial gove the emigrant, if they can © into the treasury. Our corres, ol with diegnat, to exp favored land ; and, bo ad can, is leaving for som evident, that ‘rom the ferred, that by cur legisiat population abroad; and that ment, We compel them to seek for « foreign laud. Irish Agricalture, The annual returos respecting the agricultura produce and other statistics of Ireland for the year 1850 have been issued by the (Queen's printers in Dublin. These returns have been digested and arrangod under the direction of Captain Larcom, of the Board of Works, and are all set forth in a tabular form. The following summary view of the resalts de- duced from the different tables is condensed from -the prefatory remarks prefixed to the returns ;— PART 1.—Chors, £1, 343—extending itself into every class. * Tho total numbers ef cach kind of stock for 1819, are contrasted below with the totals as they were in 1850: * In 1849.—Horses and mules, 548,238; asses, 117,- 939; cattle, 2,771,139; sheep, 1,777,111; pigs, 795,- 463; goats, 183,988; poultry, 6,323,001; total value, £25,692,616. In ap ggg eae asses, oe peg 2 917,949; 376,096; pi; 2; gow! oultr 6,919,116; totab value 26,081,950: 201,112; poultry, 6,945, value £: The chan a tiem: tek lace in relative numbers and wealth of the different classes of far- mers between 1341 and 1546, cannot now be ascer- tained; but a comparison of these tables with the census of 1841, shows that by the year 1317 an im- mense alteration had taken place; the value of stock on farms of the two classes, under five acres having fallen from £4,771,504 in 1341, to £1,263,919 in 1817; and the smaller classes having since steadily decreased, while the stock on the larger classes of farms has ba rene ina ape jon considerably greater. ‘he following table places in contrast the value held byeach class in the years 1841, 1847, 1519, and 1860. The returns for tho year 1848 are lef; out, being incomplete, the dis- turbed state of the country having prevented the collection of those for the counties of Limerick and q rary :— Chasey, Holdings. Kalue of Stacks Holdings under 1 acte£1,705,975 400,735 475,550 452.582 $ 6 Do., | to Sacres. 068,529 8A, SSE GIZO1L se nases ene £21,105,818 24,829,547 25,602,616 These figures will be very differently viewed by different people ; and, as indications of the future, very different inferences will be drawa from thom. They exhibit extensive changes in the agricultural condition of the country, which have attended a period of painful transition, and have toa great ex- tent resulted from it. They can scarcely be con- sidered otherwise than favorable in regard to pro- duction. They indicate, by e of large farms, the increasing investment of capital in agri- culture, and the abandonment of that unskilled husbandry which attended minute subdivision of the land without capital. The increase of live ck on the larger farms is a direct consequence of this change. more careful considsration, or fuller knowledge, of the peculiarities of the soil and climate of Ireland, would probably arise from the same cause, by directing higher in- telligence to cultivation. This at present appears leading to the increase of flax, of green crops, and of oats, in preference to othor cereal produce; while, on the whole, in spite of a series of bad and indifferent seasons, there is an increased quantity of land brought into tillage, and an increased amount of live stock maintained in the country. ‘These changes have been concurrent with a rapid decrease of the population. There can be little doubt from what class of the community the defec- tion has taken place, aud the agricultural cha which, there is reason to believe, had already be- gun, have been, doubtless, precipitated or hastened by that defection, The present agricultural oon- n of the country is more favorable than that which it bas replaced, or is replacing; and in re- gard to those woo r main, there can be little reason to regard the future with apprehension. If those who ove left our shores have also improved their condition, as all reports would lead us to believe, the result will,on the whole, be favorable, how- ever naturally and deeply we may grieve over the suffering which bas attended the transition in all classes of society. * This decrease isexclusive cf holding under one acre in extent. ed Foreign Maste andthe Drama. 7 The Stockhoim journals, quoted by Galignani, state that Malle. Jowny Lind has purchased one of the largest estates in = jen, that of Beckarshoerg, in the provinee of Nyhoping. These journals add y that the last letters receiver her friends in Swo- den contradict positively the reports lately pub- lished of her approaching marriage. The following gentkmen have been appointed professors to the Conservatoire de Musi = at Vi- MM. Seehter, composition; Helmesberger . id juni violin; Merck, violincello; bassoon; Klein, clarionet; Slema, double Serer, flute; Lewy, harp; J’etschacher, lascheck, mpet; Fisckhoff, piano; hier, and Frachluch, singing; Frank', Profezsorships in other branches, such tory of alian and German, decla- mation, &e., &e., # til) vacant. The course of leetures will commence on thefirstof October. The direction of the concerts has been entrusted to M. Helmesberger, jua. Micheau, a well known actor on the boards of the Theatre Francais, died in the latter part of last week, after an illness of some months duration. Madame Parbieri Nini has arrived in London to fulfil her engagement at her Majesty's Theatre. Madame Stolz is ex pected in London. M. Rogerhas made a successful debit at Frank- fort, as Ldgar, in she “Lucia.” Madame Cerito and her husband, M. St. Loon, pk returned from Madrid, and are at present in ‘aris. Chiaromente, ~ yb inge of * Il Kes “4 bas been engage the manage nent ot Felice, of ‘Genes, te" ost ‘to music Mioci’s libretto of “Giovanni di Castiglia.” ‘The decrease in the number of holdings, noticed in my previous reports, has continued during 1550, but with abated force, the total reduction in tac number being 22,23, whereas, between 1518 aad Asa it was 16,041, and between 1847 and 1544 it was 71,137, while the smaller amount of reduction @ cottier class, noticed in 184%, was in 1550 jd vo an increase; in this clas, however, there is always some uncertainty from the cympli cation of email town holdings The toliowing table shows the classes in which the alterations have taken place, and mparison with the yoar 1841, vwhich will be at ve: verted to :— of Holdings. W841 1849. 1850 r one acte, Notkaown 3i,vsy 85,523 and not 98,179 91,018 exeveding 15 acres. . 218897 203.331 Dittoabeve 15 and not axceeding 20 nores.... 4... 150,120 115.390 Dittaabove Wacres. . 166,90 = 164.587 TOU ee cece e even CP Total decrease bet ween 1849 and 1850 + 22928 Total decrease between 1541 and 1890 VS218 ‘Tho reduction in the number of holdings does not sem to be to any ous part of the couairy Morelli has transferred his services to the Rue Lepellétier. He made his débtt there as Reuben, in Auber’s “Enfant Prodigue.” It is noedless to add, that he obtained a decided success. Drury Lane Theatre has again returned to what seems how its proper destination—that of being an arena for the per: ance of quadrapeds. Any at- tempt to check its tendency in this direction has universally proved afailure. The first actor and manager of his day collects an excellent company round bim, and, white working in the best spirit for the legitimate a, suddenly find: exertions stopped by the higher powers. Ano’ dian, with @ company somewhat less bri wo estadiish a iveus of dramatic artin Urury Lane, and the sudden closing of the doors proclaims the il success of the enterprise An English lyrical drama is attempted, but the vocalisw execute their roulades to & series of empty beuches. A troop of Germans try their national opera, and are rewarded by the appiause of the two or three connoi why are toe sule occupauts of the boxes pany of the Parisian Theatre iq eotabliok @ fvoung dear the Strand, but histriome proteetfoniste hoot them from the stage, deter ed Uakt toe edifice, sullied by the presence li be sanctified by the returg of vacant space. But lot & part of trians a pear on spot ified by Garrick, and Rerteee smiles at once. ¢ public seems to feel by a sort of inatinct that the place was made for the express purpose of riding, vaulting, and tumbling. Tho only other happy pheuomenon is M. Julien with his romenade concerts lasting for a single month. rpheus and the beasts share all the good luck bo- tweon them. A united French and American troop of horsemen, who boast a sort of fraternal feeling, have made their first appearance, and every part of the house waé crammed. The spectators’ were, to be sure, rather critical, and every slip or tumble onthe of equestrian or ps re-master wasstigmatized with @ hiss of more than usual severity. But still, there the people were, and if they were over fastidi- ous, they were at anyrate numersus. The por- formances we need not describe at any length, inas- much as we are not inthe habit of analyzing the doings in Mr. Batty’s circle. The troop have a valuable member in the person of Madame Caro- line, celebrated for displaying a perfect command over her steed, and afaculty of keeping her seat racefully under the most trying circumstances. hen there is Mr. Stone, the * daring bare- backed rider,” who threatens to break his neck with great vigor, and end over a five barred gate, which is slanted a little when exigencies require. ‘Then there is tub balancing, and leaping through hoops and over bannors, axd that picturesque kicking of little boys, which may be called by the name of Risleyism; altogether a pleasant entertainment. And we would especially commend the modesty of the clowns. They seem careful to have followed Hamlet’s advice, not to say more than is set. down for them, and that is evidently not much. The per- formance, as a whole, was decidedly successful. Saddlers Wells Theatre has been oponed for a limited period, in order to give Mrs. Warner an opportunity of taking leave of the public in her Re x od characters prior to her departure for mer! She has considerable claims to public patronage, eeneciay on the pert of the Islingto- nians. Having acted the principal tragic characters during Mr. "s management, it was sho who, with Mr. Phelps, firat carried out the idea of raising @ minor theatre to the rank of “legitimacy,” not as a mere arena for stars, but as an establish- ment with a permanent Lice! gon She may, therefore, bo called the first of dramatic “free- traders.” Since her retirement from management, she has generally acted with Mr. Macready during his farowell engagements. At the St. James’s Theatre, the performance o “Adrienne Lecouvreur,” on the 23th ult., was unox- pectedly arrested in the most interesting part of the concluding scene. When, under the influeace of the poison, the senses of Adrienne begin to wander, and she imagines herself before the audience, Ma- demoiselle Kachel tottered, and fell buck into the arms of M. Raphael, who luckily ‘was near enough to interpose his aid and break the fall. The cur- tain dropped, andafter an interval of some minutes M. Raphael came forward, and explained to the audience that Mademoiselle Rachel was taken sud- denly ill, and that it was impossible for her to con- tinue the piece. The admirers of the great trage- dian will pleased to know, however, that the attack was merely a nervous one, from which no- thing serious is to be anticipated. The immediate cause of the contretemps was sufficiently grotesque. Some persons had contrived to introduce a small dog withthem into the theatre, which began to bark just at the absorbing moment when Aarienne received the casket containing the poisoned bou- quet. This unseemly interruption took a peed effect upon the nerves of Mademoiselle Rachel, whose performance throughout the evening had be- trayed an unusual degree of excivement; and dis- concerted her so entirely a3 to lead to the result we havo described. The audience behaved with the utmost courtesy, and dispersed, after M. Raphael’s explanation, without manifesting any expressions of disconient. The performances at the Haymarket theatre, on the 3lst ult., says the London Post, wore for the benefit of Mrs. Walter Lacy, an actress who for some years has been highly esteemed by the London public. The programme consisted of Sheridan Knowles’ fine play, entitled ‘* The Hunch- back,” the humorous comedietta of ‘A Roland for an Oliver,” and the popular broad farce called “Grimshaw, shaw, and Bradshaw.” In the first of these pieces, Mrs. Lacy sustained her ori- ginal character of Helen with her accustomed point and vivacity; and, in the second, she per- sonated Maria Darlington with an equal amount of excellence; eliciting in both instan enthu- tic marks of approbation. The lady’s worse half, who gave us a 1, spirited and artist like version of ‘Alfred Highflyer, also received ‘much well merited spelen. A most important feature in the cast of The Hunchback” was the last ap- pearance of Miss Laura Addison on the English stage, previous to her departure for the United States, where, we understand, her professional services have been secured for scme time, on very high terms. We need scarcely here advert to the numerous triumphs but recently achieved by this og young artist—they have been beet recorded by us and our contemporaries, an: must be still frosh in the memories of all who take an interest in our national stage. As the worthy representative of Beaumont and Fletcher's Evadne, Sheridan Knowles’ Marianaand Julia; the Juliet, Lady Macbeth, and Emilia of Shakspeare, not to speak of many others of the choicest conc tions of our best dramatic poets, which she has truth- fuliy and grandly embodied. Miss Addison’s name and fame will be long remembered and tee Bae rished by her land's people. In the present dearth of histronic genius, such an artist can, indeed, be ill spared; but all the grum bling in the world wili not rail th from oif the bond which binds her to our ge ‘ing Brother Jonathan for some time to com ‘e@may as well, therefore, submit to the olen with a good grace; and, stifling our selfish feelings of regret, endeavor to congratu the in- habitants of the new world upon the instruction and delight they are about to reesive from the strikingly original and powerful genius of our young and beautiful tragtdienne. Miss Addison's personation of Julia, last evening, was every way worthy of her lofty Be es pan Every phase of the character was tr ly and beautifully dovel- oped, immense applause was bestowed upoa her throughout the play, and she was vociferously called for at the conclusion. The house was densely crowded. acre The Free Soil Party, Tho following letter from Hon. 8. P. Chase, (member of the United States Senate,) who had been invited to addroses @ * National Democratic’ Convention in Clinton county, has just made its ap- pearance, and we give it as we find it in the Lan- caster ie ) Gazette, July 29. ‘This letter will afford ation as to Senator Chase's future course, artially account for similar movements taking place in other Northern States :— Lockeont, July 7, 1851. My Dean Sin—I regret exceedingly that ill health of a member of my family will make it impossible for me to attend the Democratic Convention to be held at Wilmington, on the 1th inst Few things would give me more satisfactien than to be present on thas occasion, and confer freely with my fellow citizens upon the course of acti which a faithful adbesion to democratic principles now demands; and it is with real reluctance that I relinquish the hope of being with you. Ceaseless efforts are now made, in certain quar- ters, to commit the democracy to the support of the compromise measures of the last Congress, adopted under the auspices and through the infiuence of t 1¢ existing w! dministration These efforts m: be attended with temporary and partial succes but they cannot advance in ay way the democratic cause, or hasten the triumph of democratic prinsi- ples; on the contrary, just so far as they succeed, they will, in my judgment, debase che aims, lower the standard, and depross the energies of the de- woeiacy. The compromiso measure: democratic principles. Th sumption of the State debt of ‘Texas; the conversion of the national fiee territory into Texan slave territory; tho at- tempt to fetter the discretion of future Congresses in respect to the admission of nm omission to secure the inhabitants of tho ° ories in the full enjoyment of the inalienable ights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, and the assumption of unconstitutional power inthe enactment of the odious Teghive Slave ba be successfully defended ho believes democrat would attempt a defence of them, e not for the imagined necessity of conciliating slave- holding support to national nominations for the Presidency and the Vice-P residency? But it must be remembered that this support may } be purchased too dearly. There is a = body of democrats who will never consent to subjugation to the slave power, and their number increases contin- ually. They will, ifneed be, profer inde nt | action under a truly democratic upona thoroughly democratic platform, to « surrender of democratic princi for the sake of mere party success. | trust that the democracy of Clinton will stand by the dem jie faith in its broadest develope They are not the men, one would hope, to ehrink from any just application of the principles of Jefferson. [t has become fashionable in some quarters to deprecate the father of Amerioan de moer: and te di e the glorious truths which tabodied in the Deolar ition of Indepen- dence. The democrayy of Clinton, | trust, will follow no sach bad example; but standin; gether, upon the bryad pla‘ form o! equal rights and exact justice for all, and no special privileges fi any, maintain their eonsisvency and their b under ll circamstances—whether, for the time, prosperor.s or adverse. Consistency and honor pre- served. ennobie eucsess, and dignily defeat. | \ ours, vory sincerely, S. DP. Cuase. Retry Overstohe, wife of Abram Overstoke, of Highland evOnty. Ohio aged seventy-one years, gave birth to & Child a few weeks since She had not had one for thirty. | one years. — State Jowrnal, | the pert@ns in the small boat, the engin The Late Fatal Accident at the Jackson Ferry. INVESTIGATION BY THE CORONER. Doctor Ball, the Coroner of Brooklyn, having determined to investigate thoroughly the cireum- stances of the collision at the Jackson ferry on Sunday night last, by which Sarah Scanlan and Jeanette Monck lost their lives, entered upon the enquiry in the Supreme Court room, City Hall, with a most respectable jury, when the following evidence was elicited :— James Newland, Jr., sworn—Rosided at 77 Con. cord street; was standing on the Jackson ferry bridge, Brooklyn side, last Sunday evening, some- where near eight o’clovk; his attention was attract- ed by ladies ia a small boat screaming; the next thing he saw was a small boat coming down the river tewards the Battery; some of them were standing up in tho small boat; the ferry boat was coming in towards the Brooklyn side; the tide was taking the small boat down, towards the ferry boat; they did not appear to be using any oars or apything, but just letting the tide take them; they got down right in front of the ferry boat, when the persons in the sanall boat endeavored to get hold of the ferry boat rigbt in front, and then the boat tipped right over, towards the wheel; witness said to Fro ladies, who were with bim, “f think I can save one of them,” and ran out of the gate and down to the end of the dock on the left hand side, anithrew off his coat, hat, and boots, and jumpe off the dock; he swam out to the boat and saw no body in the water; he asked if there was rd one lost, and one of the ladies in the boat said ** Yes— two children”; witness said they must be under the boat, as be had seen no one in the water, as ho came from the dock; another said to the manin the boat, “For God’s sake man your oars, and go on shore;” a small boat then came to witness’ as sistance, took him in, and put him on shore; the screaming proceeded from the ladies, or some one in the small boat, for the steamboat to stop; he heard no remark from the steamboat in answer; heard no bell ring for Stopoin the engine; but did not think he could have heard it, it iv had ruag; should think the steamboat was very nearly stop- pes when the small boat came in contact with her; he small boat did not sink; they all got on oneside, and the boat tipped up towards the steamboat; the boat was righted when he got out there, and they were all in it; they were just above the steam. boat, when he first saw thom; the small boat was going with the tide, and the steamboat was coming against the tide; he did not at any time see any efforts made from on board the steamboat to save them, or render any assistance. Such might have been the case, and might not have seen it. In answer to the question, whether every effort had been made by those on board the steam- boat to avoid the accident, all he could say was, that the steamboat was popned when he got out there; he did not leave the bridge till he saw the small boat tip; it was light enough for him to seo there were ladies on board the small boat; if the small boat had rowed right along, he thought she would have escaped the steamboat; the tide was running towards the Battery at the time; the cur- rent was very strong; thought at the time he saw the small boat come in contazt with tho steamboat that the steamboat was not making much head- way; did not see the steamboat back at all. Tien Mainick sworn—Kesides at No. 5 Little street; was on board the small boat last Sunday night, when the accident occurred; had not left the dock at Little street over five or ten minutes; they had waited for slack water, and the tide had fallen in shore from ten inches to a foot; when they were going past the ferry dock, the steamboa: was com- ing from the New York side; the first he knew of it, he heard the ladies screeching; his back was to- wards the ferry boat a: the time; they had no mast or sail up; they were rowing, and had two oars; Mr. Banks had one, and Mr. Henry Brewer had the other; he locked around and saw the steamboat was coming pretty rapid, but thought they still had time to get out of the way, if the steamer had stopped her fesdway when the women screamed; they were then from thirty to forty yards from the steamboat, directly in front of it; the steamboat was coming across the river upon them; they called out to the steamboat, ‘for God's sake stop;” he could not say whether there was any answer or not; did not recollect whether the engine bell rang or not, he was so _ bewildered at the time ; the next thing he recollected was the steamboat striking their boat; he got his hands on the stem of the steamboat to try and bear off, but it was of no use—their boat had passed about ono- half; that was all he recollected until their boat was upset, and he found himself in the water ; she was upset enough to fill her about half full; he rather thought the wheel of the steamboat was seoeed, but she had considerable headway on her; if he could have forced the boat clear, she would not have been upset ; the length of their boat was about 22 or 24 feet, capable of carrying 30 persons ; she bad a six foot deck on the forward part ; he could not say for certain, but he did not think the weight of nine persons who were in her, all thrown on one side, would have upset the boat; he was certain that the boat struck her; she was not broken at all; it would take a good knock to break her; if she had been a lighter boat the steamer woule have gone right over them; he thought it was the blow of the steamer that caused them to tip; he did not know whether any efforts were made to assist them or not; could not say whether any efforts were made to avoid tho col- lision by the steamboat or not ; he was so much alarmed that he hardly knew what did take place; if they had not got frightened and had kept on row- ing it is likely they would have passed the boat. fenry Brewer sworn—Kes ded at 11 Water street, College Row, (Brooklyn;) he was one ofthe pariyon board the small boat; he was puiling the starboard oar; heard his brother say, ‘There isthe steamboat,” and then he hollowed to them to stop the engine; as he looked round, the women began to screech. he continued pulling, and thought the steamboat would clear them; some one on shore hollowed to them to back; be palled until he saw the steam- boat was going to strike the oar; he then throw his oar up in the boat, jumped up. i hand against the bow of the he did this she came with force enough to throw him overboard; at the sarae time a pas- senger on board the steamboat reached down and caught hold of the hand of one of those who w drowned; when he e op he was on th side as he went down at, which was tho si the shore; the boat tipped from the steamboat; the steamboat struck as near where be was as coald be; the steamboat was about thirty feet from them when he heard the engine bell ring omee; the en- ine stopped some seven or cight secoads after the ell rang; there was no eflort made that he saw to render them assistance from the steamboat; he was sure the steamboat struck their boat; they were about forty yards from the steamboat when the alarm was first given; the steamboat stopped then ten minutes or a quarter of an hour after they got clear; tome persons in the steamboat asked if they were all safe, and he told them no; there were two in the water then; no reply was made; the steam- boat started to go on, and the young man in the water sang out to hold on—there might be one in the wheel or underneath; Mr. Banks was rowing with witness; he was on the side next the steamboat; he was sober; had drank but half a gill of wiae that evening; had no liquor on the boat with them; they all appeared to be sober. = Lb Resided at 123 Eli Eawar Daile ridge street, New Y the accident; was standing on the bridge of Jackson ferry, Brooklyn ide, afew minutes past eight o'clock on Sunday the ferry boat in the middie of appeared to be heading, at that liam sburg than towards the ed more in @ circle than in a straight line; she get about forty yards from the end of the pier, wheu he saw a small boat come past the end of the pior, and immediately heard a ——— from the smail boat; he remarked there was bound tobe trouble unless they stopped that terry boat; he heard distinctly repeaced, three or four times, ** Stop that boat, or you will be down on us,” heard a remark, but where from he could not say— “Get out of the way with that small boat, or small craft ;” his (witness's) also heard the remark ; there were people standing on the pier, on the left hand of the ferry, and the remark might have come from them ; the tide at that time was setting very strong past the slip, towards the Battery; the par- | tres on the small boat were rowing ; they appeared to be domg their bess to avoid a collision ; they had the tide and everything in their favor; the ferry boat, at that time, was turning to come iuto the pier, and tho tide would have had the same effect upon her as upon the small boat; on heariag these parties sing out for them to stop the en gine, he thought it strange that no attention was Paid to the request; he could not have heard the engine bell ring, there was #0 much commotion on the bridge; the boat was making heaoway, but he did not kaow whether the wheels were stopped or not; he should think it would have been easier for the persons in the steamooat to hear the alarm than for those on the bridge ; the email boat passed wutil ehe got fully in front of the middle of the pier, when toe ferry boat ear her; the smail boat struck with her stem vast the half of the boat towards Williamsburg, the other balf apparently striking the small buat in the centre; the parties in the small boat seemed wo ure every effort to avoi collision by pu ting their hands against the ferry + and tryiog to crowd the rmail boat off; caw nothang that ne should cali assistance rendered from Persons on board the ferry boat; by this he meant turowing out ropes or any thing to sustain those ia the water; there wasa woman on board the boat named Dilon, who sup- Fosed it was one of Mer children that was lost; had bo conversation, “nd heard no remarks from per- Fons connected Fath the hoat; his impression was at the thet if, when the alarm was Fae reversed ibd worked in the opposite direct wowld bave been no danger. [he ste # vime of the collwion, was coming with coaside- rablo speed ; from the time he first saw the boat until the collision, could no; have been than three or five minutes; from the position of the emall boat, he did not think the tide would bave carried her towacds tho steamboust, neither would the tide alone have carried the steamboat towards the small boas. i Thomas S. Tho mpson sworn—Lived in Salem, N, J.; was a hand on board the schooner Two Broth- ers; between seven and eight o'clock on Sunday even: Lead Mills, looking out on the river, and saw the ferry boat and also the small boat; heard some’ one hallo for the engine to be stopped; did not know whether the voice came from te steamboat or the small boat; they said, “* Stop the engine or you will run us dowa;” the steamboat was nearer the simall boat than he was; there was not a great deal of winds he saw the boats come in contact; heard the smoll bell (the engincer’s,) ring about two minutes after he heard the voice; about a minute after he heard the bell ring the engine stopped; the collision took place about the time the engine stowpod;, didin ot see the wheels reversed; merely heard the the ongine coase working; the boat was still under headway; it was nearly slack water; it had been running flood towards Williamsburg; the small boat was oa the front of the steam boat nearer to Williams- burg; the current there was femelty ver strong when the tide runs, but at sak water there was very little current; could not say whether the boat struck very hard or not; it struck hard enough to tip the boat and throw them all out; he afterwards saw two come up clasped in cach other’s arms, and they went down; thought if there had been proper care on boar the steamboat, the accident would not have hap- ned; the reason was that there ought to have een some person on the look-out for such accidents, as the pilot was 80 situated he coald not seo; aid not think that after the alarm was given, the steamboat was stopped as soon a3 it might have been; should tl they might stop and reverse an engine such as was in that steamboat in tho space of two minutes; did not know whether there were avy efforts made from on board the steamboat to render assistance; they were about 150 feet away from the witness. _ In order to meet the convenience of some of the jurors, theiaquest was adjourned until Tuesda: next at So’elock, A.M. ‘In the meantime it hoped that some passengers who were on board the ferry boat at the time of the unfortunate oc- currence, may come forward, as they would bo the only ones who can give a perfectly satisfactory and disinterested account of the matter. The School Question in Brooklyn. DECISION OF THE SUP EB COURT. Orange Counry Sreciat Term, Newavura, August, 1851. The People ex rel. the Brooklyn Orphan Asylum against the Board of Education.—The people ex rel. the Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum against the Board of Edvcetion.—Motion for judgment that a Pergmptory: mandamus issue.—A. H. na and S. . Brchy to the ree M. Van Cott and John A. Lott for the Board of Education. _ By tnx Court —Brown, Justice —The first sec- tion of the act of the 23d March, 1843, relative to the common sehools of the city of Brooklyn, declares thatthe Common Council of the city shall, by virtue of their office, be Commiesioners of Common Schools in and for the city, with all the rights, power, and authority, and subject to all the duties and obliga- tions of Commissioners of Common Schools in the several towns of the State, except as was thereafter inthe said act Bernas Amongst the duties of com- missioners in the towns, was that of receiving into their own hands the moneys raised and ap propria- ted to the use of common schools, and to apportion the same amongst the several school districts of the town. The act of the 17th of April, 1843, “amen- datory of the several acts relating to common schools,” abolished the office of Commissioner of Common Schools in the several towns, and substi- tuted in its place the office of ‘own Superintendent of Common Schools, with substantially the same wers and duties. The provisions of this last act jo not affect the city of Brooklyn, but the act of the 28th Lg A 154s, Pra vided for the appoint- ment, by the Board of Education of the city of Brooklyn, of a Superintendent of Common Schools, to exere: uch ne and perform such duties in said city the Board of Education may direct; and it further declared that be should be vested with the powers and perform all the duties of Sa- perintendent of Common Schools, as provided in the act of the 17th April, 1813, before referred to. ‘The defendant insists that inasmuch as the Towa Superintendents receive into their own bands, and apportion the public moneys appropriated to the purposes of education, that the Superintendent of the city of Brooklyn is clothed with similar author- ity; and that, therefore, these actions are not pro- py brought against the Board of Education. bave already determined that the city of Brooklyn is to be regarded as a single school dis- trict, and the third section of the act which creates the Board of Education, declares that it shall bave the entire manegement, control, and direction of all the district schools of the city, and shall poseess the same powers, and be eubjact to the same restrictions and regulations as are pre- scribed to the trustees of district schools, except such regulations as tbe Common Council may make for its government, not inconsistent with the school laws ot the State. Those duties, therefore, which Town gio ndents are required to perform inthe towns of the State, in receiving into their own hands, from the Collector and County Treasurer, the moneys mi for the purposes of education, and apportioning the same amongst a given number of school districts, are not required to be performed inthe city of Brooklyn. It composes a single dis- trict, and there is no apportionment to be made ; but by another provision of law, to which I shall refer, the money is paid {nto the city treasury, and passed to the credit and placed under the control of the Board of Education, to be by it appropriated and disbursed to the uses of the common schools of the city, in the same manner as the trustees of any other ‘district would appropriate and apply the public school money. The provision to which I refer is that contained in the 3d section of the act of March 23, 1843, repealed and enacted by tho act of April 6, 1848, and it declares that certain moneys assessed and collected for the uses of the common schools from the taxable property of the city, shall, together with that received from the State, be paid to the City Tr rof the city, and by li to the credit of the Board of Ldueation, eut and accounted for by them, i with the provisions and ordinances of the Com- mon Council, to be adopted for their government. The Common Couneil are prohibited trom appro- priating or using avy part of these moneys for any purpose other than the support of common schools, and its power of supervision and control over the Board of Education, in respect to these moneys, ¢x- tends no further than to presribe the form in which the money shall be drawn from, and accounted for, | to the treasury of the city. The relators seek to | obtain a portion of the moneys thas placed to the credit and unmicr the control of, the Board of Education ; and | am of opinion that the actions are properly brough’ aguicet that body. ‘The de- fendant insists that the relators are not entitled to & distribution +f the common school moneys ob tained from the State, nor of those levied under the authority of the Board of Supervisors of the county of Kings, pursuant to the 16th section of tie act oo ah hogy distribution of the common school fund,--1 Kev. stat. 464, That the language of the first rection of the act of the 7th March, 1348, under which they claim, limits them to @ sharo of the moneys assessed and levied by tho Common Courcil upon the taxable property of the city, under authority of the sixth section of the acti Mareh 23, 184 1st8 I do no ur in this interpre act under which the relators claim. It ix too narrow and illiberal, aod would {ail to give efcet to the manifest inteut of the which obviously was to admit the inw orphan asyluins to participate in the benefits ofthe | common sebouls of the State. The la ge of the Bret section of the statute is thie:—* [he or- phan asytum societies of the city of Brooklyn shall participate in the distribution of the scnoo! money raised in said city ;” and the argument is that the | rights of the asylum societies are limited and restrained by force of the words “raised in said city.” In the first place it is to be observed that the woneys assessed and levied under authority of the Common Council, are taxes imposed upon, and | collected from, the taxable property of the city, and are, therefore, “raised in said city,” within the strict letter of the act. In the second place, it is to be remarkedthat the public money sdevoted by law to the may of education in the city, flitute a single fund, and is placed by the City Treasurerasa ele and entire fund, to the credit of the BE of Education, to be distributed, paid out, and accounted for as on i out regard to the sources from whence it is derived. Tho words, “moneys raised in said city” may as well refer to revenues rai by sovtribution from the common funds of as to alee ah con- ‘operty of the citizens i yy moneys, that re entitled to share, jnoed in the eity treasury, to the are then ‘taived in said city,” for distribution, and in which the relatersare on' to thare, within the meaning of the Ist section of the act of March 7, 185i, whether they are derived from the common echoo! fund of the State, or pro- ceed from taxes levied upon the taxable property he city, by the Board of Supervisors of the or the Common Council of the oity The t which the relators claim, Was passed the 7th March, 154, and it took efleot immediately vpon ite passage. The moneys which had been levied and collected dustng the preceding yoar, were then in the city treasury, and, although they had been apportioned among the several senools of the ety, they were Mot paid out. The defendant was bound to take notice of the law, which assured the relators § portion of these moneys, and to pro- was standing on the wharf near the White | judg | ebort period of time, together with ceed to make a new Sion to do so cannot defendant's relation to of @ trustee, and it is a Bo act of the trustee shall prejudice fit trust, for, were it otherwise, then it would @ in the power of trustees, by delaying, or their duty, juriously to affect the We others.—Cruise’s Digest, title 12, Trust, are, ther it, entitled co their share of teens = der the control of the defendant on the 7th rT as well as of that which came under its con- trol in 1849 und 1550, ani anterior to the commenee- ment of this action. The hd remaining question undisposed of is to ascertain the basis upon which the distribution is to be made. By the general law of the State the school moneys are to be apportioned by the State Superintendent among the several towns and cities of the State, according to the ratio of their population, respectively, as compere with the population of the whole State, according to the last preceding census.—1 Rev. Stat., seo. 3. Audthe moneys thus apportioned and received from the State, together with those raised in the town, are to be apportioned by the Town Superintendent among the several school districts, parts of districts, and separate neighborhoods, within the town, in proportion to the number of children residing im each over theage of five and under that of six years, as the same shall have appeared from the atest annual reports of their respective trustecs.— Sesssion laws 1847, 684, sec. 8, sub. 6. Here, then, we havo the only two modes of distri- bution recognized by the common school laws; one by the State amongst tswns and cities, based” w on population, and one by towns amongst districts, parts of districts, and suaeeate neighborhoods, based upon the number of eb. within certain ages. @ method adopted secures the most exact cquality among all the districts of the State, aud that is all that is desired. The city of Brooklyn is a single school district under the charge of a single Board of Trustees, with a large num- ber of common schools within its borders, which the schoola of the orphan asylum sides are tobe enumerated. {tis quite plain that the mode provided by law for distributing the school moneys amongst the several districts of a town, af- fords no guide to the Board of Education for the manner in which they are to make distributions of themoneys under their control amongst the common schools, and the schools of the orphan asylum so- ciety. In respect to the ordinary schools, the law wisely vests the Board of Education with some measure of discretionary power, but in respost to the schools of the a:ylum socie:ies there is no room for the exercise of any discretion, for the share of the moneysis made to depend upon the number of or- phan children, between the ages of fou and sixteen year, who have been under their charge and instraet- ed by them during the past year. If the share of the asylum eocieties in the school moneys is to be estimated by the proportion which number of children under their charge, of the given age and instructed by them, bears to the whole number of .children’ between the of five and sixteen years within the limits of city of Brooklyn, they will not obtain anything like a just proportion of the fund, because it cannot be safely asserted that more than a moiety of the children, between the ages prescribed by law, at- tend constantly and regularly at the public schools. The language of the Ist section of the act of March 7, 1848, wants certainty and perspicuity; but if effect be given to the plain intent of the legislature in passing the law, I cannot do otherwise than ad- judge that the relators are entitled to \take such» proportion of the school moneys, as will bs equal te the proportion which the average number of orpham children, between the ages of four and sixteen years, under their charge and instructed by them during the year preceding the time or times of the distribution, bears to the average number of child- ren, between the ages of five and sixteen, whe have attended the other common schools of the city, dur- ing the same period of time, added to the number of children, upon which the orphan asylum socie- ties are entitled to a distribu:ive share of such moneys. Judgment must be given for the relators, thas a peremptory writ of mandamus issue in each of those cases, commanding the defendants to pay over to the relaters their share of the school mo- ject Sr amounts to be astertained by a referenee Ox Boano Sreamsiie Paomernevs, orr Sax Juan, Jury 23, 1851—The passengers of the steamship Pro- metheus met at noon this day, to partake of a 1unch, prepared by Captain H. Churchill, commander of the steamship. Immediately after which, the company Arsei:bled, elected the Hon. George W. Wright, of California, Obatrman, and Dr. Wi!!iam Rabe, of Sam Francisco, Secretary, for the purpose of proceeding te express their sentiments towards the officers of the ship, and the owners of this line. Mr. Waicnr, the Chairman. nese upon the great enterprise in which the owners of the Prometheus are engaged; and, after a few remarks from some of the company. John T. Doyle, of New York, W. H. Hamer, Eeq, of Sonora, Califuruia, and William W. Prescott, Esq, ef New Orleans, were a committee, to draft resolutions, During the absence of the committee, Mr. Wright continued his remarks, unt the committee es. and conoid a: Sievun, waa report was unanimously accepted, a few appropriate remarks of the Chairman, Br. Willian Rabe, Colonel Joreph L. White, of New York, and others:— Commodore Vanderbilt, being present, and toasted, refured to speak, upon the grounds that he never made a fool of himself, but kindly pointed out one of his friends as a substitute, The whole of the numerous speeches delivered ina flow of fine spirits, and during a flow of good champagne, im- pressed upon the joyous company the great or permerics the new route to California—e route which bring the people of California and their brethren on the Atlantie side in closer proximity than —a route which Will exercise an influence upon the civilized world. and ‘Upon nations even not yet Known. After toasting “The Ladies—God bless them,” the company adjourned, with the modest request to ell ewsps pers to publish their proce throughout all the world, and California besides; which requert is here- with politely extended to all editors of newspapers— throughout the United States, at least ‘he following resolutions were unanimously adopted:— Resolved, That before separating we deem it an act of jurtice to Copt. Henry Churchillto make public an ex- pression of the lively sen to him for bis o bs and attention, as well te the safety and goo romeut of the suip.as to the convenience and ocmfort of the passengers ; that daring the brief period of our voyage we have had much reasom to congratulate ourselves on our good fortune in havi for our commander one who combines so fully the qualt: tes of an able and experienced seaman, with the thoughtful attention and polished manners of o geutle- mon. ved. That to Mr Charles Baldwin, our first oft ; rd, our Purser; Mr. Burteell, our Chief Engineer, and to the other offeers of the ship. we alse return our thanks for their constant attention and kind ne Resolved, That we feel it due to the owners of the thip and her officers, to declare that, in our judgement, the Prometheus possesses qualities whieh recommend her eminently to the t able coo: ideration of travel lers. and especivlly of females and families ; amongst which we noticed jculariy her entire eb a dom fre ness in rough gines of the ship, by their great well ae the smoothness and reg action. Dave commanded the unquali ied adwuration of all, an@ that we reccmmend their model t the attention of all interested in the subject of engines for sea ging steam ors. GW. WRIGHT, Promdent Wot. Rane, M.D, Becrotary To Cept. Geo Wm. Howe. —Dear Sie: The under pessengere by the steamship Winfield Seott, on heated from Orleans to New York, on the Lith Jaly. 1851, nting to you the accompanying all couvevir of their thanks given after a voyage both Whicl wo arr largely indebt- Mander, and your courtesy as @ rapid and delightful, and ed to your phil ae a ec | qentioman. It is respectfuily presented by your simone | friends. Janne Le Winnay, Lo, Thos” W. Parnes, Foomenittee A Hi Jowphur, A. B. Cammack, Tuomas W Phelpa James bk. Wibray, W.H Whicing J O Nixom, A, A. Fra- ser. 8. Btorey, B. Peale, Thomas Dixom, Thos. W. Clark, Seleman & Hobs, William Mure. John Whams, James | Henry. isaae Hart, George Connelly, KB. O. Cammack, J R Kirtland, 8. 1. Foley, JN. davaw, Jr. li sai Jr, J. Hampson, Capt: James Lawtess, A. Donn . Cummings, Howard Ungoud, F. F. Folger, Perrie E. A. Gregory, James Kic oswph Pich, J W. Saum- dere, F. P White, John K all. W J Stephens, F. Leoni, G. Rapelje, 8. Robb, C. Simon, William Tufte, A. pape J. Moall f fn . 2,0 ones ‘he service convista of-—a Honty offre pot, tea-pot,a sugar bowl, a cream piteher,and 12 napkin vipgs. ‘Nee Your, August 9, 1851 —Gestoetes:—Your kind letter of the Oth witimo, with the accompanying valuable Present came to band on the &h, and [ assure you it Was as unexpected as acceptable, for I have no reason expect so bigb a compliment, paid me from whom I had so limited i i i paceeogers, which gare me so little opportunity Krowiog those sttentions to whieh pou eptitied. and Loniy it Was not Fg g wo Te on aesured our noble gift. sovepe my cinvens then ‘ heping I ca be eure of meeting you all again, aad an cipreeating your kind and generous ngs eX towards me. With sentiments of due respect and high esteem, I remain your grateful and humble, GEO. WM. HOWE. an Messrs. James L. Wibray, Thomas W. Phelps, ers. Natural. Bringer ie] gtlisé Tisiir a 3 i : i Axanama.— Professor Tao- moy, in his recent geographical exploration of this State, found @ natural bridge in Walker County, abo mile from the main road, which rivals the celebrated one in Virginia It spans about 120 feet, while its height is about 70. It is formed of massive eand-stone, and is very symmetrical. The surround- ing scenery is very grand, and lofty beech aod hem- lock trees growii the bridge nearly shade it from the 5 9 of tho se, and add to the wild awb- limity of the spot A len, tr and scientiic de- scription of this bridge, and other of moun- tainous grandeur in north Alabama, may be ox- ted if Professor Tuomey’s next geport — Mole grater, Ang. 8.