The New York Herald Newspaper, July 28, 1851, Page 1

f ne CF THE NEW YORK HERALD. WHOLE NO. 6851. . MORNING EDI Ss TION----MONDAY, JULY 28, 1851." ORT. 1 Frat STATES MAIL STEAM- ener ga fee Ei nseeel oe Weletelan hanes that aoe Arrival of the Steamship Isabel at | yg ry =P ‘4 accommodations f0F ele 4 comtsrt, apply te Savannah. STOPES WOE | = ecuars 0) usurrection al Puerto Principe. THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. ARRIVAL FROM NEUVITAS. Very Late Mews, by Telegraph, from Charleston, ke., &o., Ke The schooner Pauline, rived yesterday from Neuvitas, Cuba, whence she sailed on the 17th instant. She brings intelligence of the highest interest, confirmatory of that re- Borths not secured until paid not secu: tor. Froight will be eyo: amount shacued de tpacls nd on for 1d surgeon om board. Ait letters and newapapere must through the Post Of ie. Re conatine NARD, Jr, 88 Broadway. ceived a few days aj Princ 5 ¥ l go from Puerto Principe, b; devel Comme Witt Bru goo recelveduset | the Cherokee, from Havana. : He ont Eccee cae tea dene eTeagland in Ro Advices have been received by the Pauline from gun: Steamshi op 3 Tegusstad to gall 96 3 esdon Se the Cuban revolutionists in Puerto lrincipe, by fi pete their friends in this city, and we are indebted to several Cuban gentlemen of respectability for ad- ditional particulars of the insurrection or revolu- O RAN STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANY.—FOR Bevmen, vis Southampton.—The United Statos Mall ‘otenmshiy WASHINGTON, G. W. Floyd, commander, will ih i a ast - geil foe Bremen, vie, Seuthann rep om Saterday, Aug! tion, and also for a copy of the manifesto, or decla ‘Be: iy attached to the ship, All letters must ration of independence, of the people of Principe, | ost Office. Specie delivered in Havre and Loa- or freight, apply te, which we publish below. MOLLE! ae cht oe ane eee These advices are probably the most authentic of ship OTE OF MANCHESTER, will leave Pri. | ®BY Yet received. Liverpool, on Thursday, the 2ist August, at df ‘The official account of the insurrection at Port velok. The elegant secommodatic ra most ay hey renee 300. tps. Pars in tae Saloon, $100; Dy ‘agseD, aU Le provided with railroad to Philadelphia by the nh ment. For frelghs or pase e, apply to i THOMAS nei PRON 41 Exchange Place, CUABLESTON ‘THE PHILADELPHIA i tion Company's Line, be- ton, 8..C, Steamer ALBA teamer OSPREY, Capt. E.C. Mure n. These stenmers are umexeellnd for sea qualitics, sat aud svccd, und a pains or exponse is ; a f this Steamer make Principe related only to @ small skirmish on the 3d of July, in which Joaquin de Aguero y Sanchez was taken prisoner, and a few arms captured by the Spanish troops. The news by this arrival is to the 14th July from Puerto Principe, being eleven days later than the last accounts from that place. ‘The pronunciamento fur independence was made i" ce to A ee the 4th of July, on which day the first real Cherlegton, $2: in ue oF paaeaee, battle may be said to have taken place. The | government troops previously sent out to make prisoners of any revolutionist, oame up with the guerilla party of Joaquin Aguere y Aguero, at tho foot of the Cascorro mountains, and about four o axgly to J Wall stevet, oF office of the company, South Wharves. $35; Le mail communication est India islands, Havana, pf omas, S70. There borwe ms. Thomas and all th; five miles from the village of that name. The Depts tot YEMCUCle, ee ON ARD Te 33 Beeedeaee™ | Cibans numbered 200 men, and the Spaniards 300 Merl! ved om board of men, consisting of 100 laneers and 200 infaatry. After a sharp engagement, the Spaniards fled, ran NDENT LINE for Culifornia, via San J 4 Chazros. i i i 7 eons alee ve 2 ine ect reattee, their captain being killed, and twenty others, together with eighteen wounded. The (Cubans bad only two or three wounded, and aone killed. Twelve of the Spanish soldiers came over to the Cuban side. This battle inspired very great con- fidence among the people, ard immediately the numbers of the insurgents increased rapidly. At the last account their pumbers were in all ag high as 1,000 men. These were divided up into five guerilla parties of 200 cach, under the command of Joaquin Aguero Aguero, Francisop Aguero y tons burthen, @hurcbitl, © . will leave from pise ‘No.2. ¥. R., on Wednesday, August [ith, at 3 o'clock, P.M, for San Juan direct, wh svengors will be apeoiily and eonfortabl ransit route of the Ni- t twelve miles of land tran Juan dei Sur, on the P: Oat [ate went Estrada, and Ubaldo Arteaga Pifiw. ‘Maes partios Gail precisely at 3 0% rom are stationed around in the strongholds, in the Warren steeot. N. a “= enti eee vicinity of Cascorro and Principe, drilling and meg ren transferred Seer enie NORTHERNER. | *ogmenting their numbers. nam 13th of a ¢ | After the battle of the 4th, the Spanich troops Passage, apply at ¢ ACUYIO MALL UT EAM ib Califc ae iatcroed that under the new ar hurried back to Principe, seventeen leagues from Cascorro. When the news of the defeat reached cn ont of ‘the Navy will eoatigne | Leonie, and nothing but the large number of sol diers prevented a general rising. and massacre mong vhe troops. The garrison iz over 4,000; but notwithstanding this large number, Ceneral Leme- ry did not deem it prudeft to withdraw » single man to go out in pursuit of the Cubane, for fear of a ng, butawaited the arrival of reinforcoments from Havana, having sent for 2,000 men. ‘Thus, while General Lemory was at Principe, the Cubans wore gathering numbers and strength. Jt will be recollected that our advices by the Cherokee ststed COLUMBIA will eH which ie four hundred and fifty miles distant. At the last accounts from Principe, maay of the Cubans had left the place to join the guerillas. From the town of Bayamo a party of two hundred men had gone up, from Villa Clara one hundred, and nmmbers from Neuvitas andail the towns in the vicinity of Principe. As fast as the news spread, the people sent off parties to the mountains, eo that the numbers of the insurgents will have become | very formidable before the Spanish troops can be te ) ‘tae above steamers will kop up the connection be wen Avervion and the other Mexionn ports. The connection in the Atlantic will 30 maintained by the Writed Sates mail steamships ORGIA ... ...5000 tous. CRESCENT CITY 1,00 tons UJ saa, S00) tone. ete 1300 tone CTE, 2.000 tons. PHILADELPHIA LW tous Leaving New Work for Chagres on the 11th and 26h of eaat wonw The new eteamships EL DORADO an4 FALCON will form a t lino between New Orleans and Ch: ‘@> ports Mextos, Cai ‘Oregou. Passages trom New Orleans ons | aon” (oom Armstrong, Lawragon & Oo., agente, at tha! Vow tare for thro sokove f N ‘ork to ocee nas bees nedueet trom nom New Tore Mn Feww armed, and labor under many disadvantages Aguero Sanchez wasconfined in prison at I’: cipe, Me is the son of one of the most intluen men in the place. It is supposed he will be shot. Annoxed is the deelaration of independonce, whieh was printed in the mountains :— at at en 0 siserage, to The br toe from Now — HY TO THE INNAGITANTS OF THE (SLAND OF CUM Oo PRN DENT | MASITESTO AND PROCLAMATION OF THEIR ttOnrErDEFCE AOCIADAD LOWERTADORA DE ¥. #.) Hinman reason revolts agaiuat the iden that the social and political condition of a people can be indefutty prolonged, in which man—stripped of ail rizhts and g rantees, with no security of person or property, no en- Joyment im the present, no hope in the future—lives only hy the will, and under the conditions imposet by the pleasure, of his tyrants ; where a vile calumny, a prison, ¢r's depunciat ion, a despots suxpieion a word caught up by surprise In the sanctuary of home. or from the vlolat ed privacy of a letter, furnishes ample grounds for teering « man from his hearth. and casting him forth to die of destitution or despair in a foreign soil, if he ex caper being subjected to the ipeulting forms of a barba- rows aod arbitrary tribunal, where his persecutors are themselves the judges who condemn him, and where, instead of their proving his offence, he is required to prove his innocence A situation so violent as thir, Cabahat now bean for many years enduring; and far from any promice remedy appearing. every day adds new proof that the cy of the mother-country, and the ferocity of urther rodnet in prices. ‘h rabip BROTHER JONATHAN viated eteamebip im the world » ander, will sail for Chag Pr. from Pier or cubic foot. h For freight or p E. MILLS, Aout 6: Dourtinudt etree TRAVELLERS’ GULDE, 3 PHIA—-NEW YORK see, Leave Phi fevm the foot of of Lab and & a MM. from rt} sat Band 9 A.M, P.M. Yous wtreet. ¢ AMLEN AND AMBOY RAIL Yor OAD LINK FROM NEW Pier No. | Noth Rivar, by at 4 o'clock ade! phia—Leavo Pier No. N POTTER. on Line, at 4 0°etock. ook, $2 Emigrant Li Morning 1 Faro by cith at 5 o'ol THB WATE RING PLACKS, her vis FLUE NEM MAVEN MOTEL, rRoNTING ralers, will grat either truce mor ret till the is 1 Connecticut, 7 i bo Lae duced to the ccndition of an immense prison, where PALL coer of Chapel and € ption of company. every Cuban will be watohed by « guard, and will bi to pay that guard for watching aim. In vain have this people exbibited a mildr wa, » pradence, and even a sub mission and loyalty, wh.ch have been proverbist When the iniquity of the government Abie to find any ostensible grounds for persed he recourse to cowardly arte and snares to tompt 4 victims foto some offence, Thus were various in Aividual: of Matoneas entrapped into an anvbusonte of the soidiery, by the pretext of eclling them cme arms, wndet ciroumstanecs which meade (hem be jeve thore arme wore mecesary for self defence, mgninet breatened attacks from th ‘Th ergeante, and even officers. been seen to mingle among the country people, and pres themselves off e< encom: the gevernmont, for the pur f betraying the into svowals of their «eniimonts, to the ruin of many pomons | °o Informed neninst, as well as to the rom the part of those who have lent thor ud ite viehity to the pein. ty, offer superior ¥ tne will be spared that may contribute to and enjoym ont. GEOROE D Proprietar. ORRLS BOUSR— Fong Branch, th any other House, )~ watsd on the macgia of (he Atlantic Oceaa, om " M = : H Peninaulars LEGAL NOTICE, -OFTICE RECEIVER TAXES, NEW | ark. (Rate M1 oS 10).) Notice ix kershy we will be open tot | and that | will an ra bet ” st of No! mest, © B deduction of interot wh 7 percent par | °© villancts « rervice anane tated from the tim } If the rons of Cuba, moved by the dread of | evita. have ever di oy tegitin - rer on CE | of tmnyesis come restraint, ripon th ao oe bridled excesses of thelr ruler, these latter have al HARV RE Wake, Root | found the way to distort such acts into attempt “ fll desert bellion, Pr -reomeeending IM have their Mis wnat to t Wid wifes. bURT.— JOHN Y MILTON HURL v8 ower apd Philouds Moyes hie tnd Marsuret Wis wive x, —— wok | Lor bevter dared te plnione, which, to other petions ip mors) progress 1 for thetr virt warderere ant Hited thair oppo from : T taiji bo severe h compleint w ‘ + corvioe Of We How RONA, the plainel We Cooet Coe the taliet demanded ia the vompisi var), Ol, | WILLMAM TRACT, Pistadls } trampled vader fol ad aces and condish al togethice the IMPORTANT FROM CUBA. ‘aptain Townsend, ar- | Principe there was a great excitement among the | that troops had sailed from Havana for Principe, | ? brougtt against them; but the Cubans are poorly { tsland of Cuba then presented to ized world a the civili: | apectacio worthy of the of hell. The wretched ves saw their flesh torn from under the lash, and bespattered with blood the faces of their exeoutioners, who did not cease exacting from their tortures denun- clations against accomplices, Others were abot in pla toons, without form of trial, and without oven coming to understand the pretext under which they were mas- eucred. The free colored people, after having been first lact rated by the lash, were then hurried to seaffold, and those only excaped with tife who had enough to eppense the fary of thelr executioners. And neverthe- lowers, | fear scme rising of the Cubane, their first threat has beon that of arming the colored people agaiast them for their extermination, We abstain for very shumo from repeat- ing the senseloss pretences to which they have had re- eourse to terrify the timid. Wretches! how have they becn able to imagine that the vietima of their fury, wit whom the whites of Cuba have shared in common the horrors of misery and persecution, will turn against their | own friends at the evil of the very tyrant who has torn | them in pieces? If the free colored people, who know | their interests as well ax the whites, take any part in the | movewicrt of Caba, it certainly will not be to the iujury | | | | | | less, when the government, or its fol has come to | | | | | of the mother who shelters tl in her bosom. nor of | those other sons of bers who have never made them feel the difterenes of their race and condition, and who, far from plundering them, have taken pride in being their defenders, and in meriting the title of their ber 5 ‘The world would refuse to believe the hi of the | | | horrid crimes which have been porpetrated in Cuba, and | would reasonably consider that if there have been mon- | aters to cemmmit, it is inconceivable that there could 59 Jong Baye been ‘men to endure them. But if there are | fewable to penetrate to the truth of particular facts, | through ali the means employed by the goverument t) obscure and distort them, 50 one will resiat the evidene of public and cMficinl faets |. Publicly, and with arms in his hands did Gen. Taeon j despoil Cabe of the Constitution of Spain, proclaimed by all the powers of the monarchy, and sent to be sworn to | im Cuba, ae te fundamental law of th whole kingdom, | — Publicly, and by legislative uct, was Cuba deolared to be deprived of all the rights enjoyed by all Spaniards, and conceded Ly nature and the laws of nations the least ad- Yanced in civilivation, Publicly have tho 2ons of Cubs been cut off from all admission to the commands and iuerative employments, panib unt the Galtatind of avery deseripti Public are the unlimited powers, of ov ption granted to the Captain-Generals of Oude, who cau refuse to those whom they condemn even the right of # trial, and the privilege of being sentenced by a tribusal. Public snd permanent in the island of Cuba, are those courts martial whieh the Jaws permit only in ‘extraordi- nary casce of war, for offences agatnst the State. Vublie’y se the Spanish press, Iuurled against Cuba the threat of converting the island into ruia and ashes, by lberating the slaves, and uachsining hordes of barbarian Afsicans, Pnidic are the impediments and difficaities imposed upen every Individual, to restrain bim from moving from place to place, avd from exercising any branch of indus- try—no one being safe from arrest and fine, for some di feiouey of sulhiority oF Neense, at every step be may tuke, Public are the taxes which have wasted away the sub- | stance of the island aud the projects of other new ones, | whieh Uneaten to abolish all the products of its riches— against her the them ¥ lie ave the petty exactions and plunderiage. at inflicted in the most ur blushing addition the general impositions by the subaltern | mandarin: of authority in their respective localities rally, the government has publicly and cficielly de- clared--and the journals ip its pay have labored to sus- | tela tbe declaration with foul commentary —*that the inhabitants of Cuba bave nor organ uor right of action, | even for the purpose of directing an humble prayer to the feet of the sovereign” The fact that the corporation of | Puerto Principe, with the authorization of the Governor, | who presided over it, addressed to the Queen memorial to | the effect that the reyal court (audiencia) shall not be suppre-sed in that district, guve rise to the removal of the members of the corperetion from offlor, and to the un- | beard-of arbitreciness of that declaration, in which to in. ereare the outrage, it added that the government ir not hound In its proceedings to consult the opinions and in tevests of the country. Uireges fo great avd so frequent, reasons so many and so etrongsuffice not merely tojuctify.but to saactify, tm the cyes of the whole world, the cause of the inde jondence of Cubs, aud any effort of her people, by thelr cwn exerti or with friendly aid from abroad, to put an ond to the evils they suffer, and secure the rights with which God and nature have invested mau. Who will in Caba oppove this indefensible insti ' every tur | this imperative necessity of defending our property, and | Of ec king in the institutions of ajust, free and roguiated govrtament, that welfare and security which are the Lone om whi lone civilized society oan extet ? Peninsulase (natives of Spaiu) perhaps, who have to Cuba to merry our daughters, who have dheir ebfldren, their sifections and thelr pro- ll they disregard the laws of nature to rang on the side of a government which opprosse it oppre-sses a, and which will neither ‘them for the rerviee, nor be able, with all their to prevent the triumph of tho tudependence of of her fathers, sud who. im risiag up to-day agninst the des | potina of th Tniment, would wish to count upon “operation as the best gaaranty of their new organization, aud the strongest proof of the oe of their cause? ve they not fought in the Pen independence, for the principles for which wo, the sons which. being the same for mon ip nll countries, cannot Je admitted in one und rejected in another without nto nature and to the ight of reason, from pring? No, no—it cannot be that they should carry «nbinissive ves 10 the ycint of preferring th: . and th ling of the Rood of their sons and brothers, wo the soph of the hotleet cause ever wed by mAa— A cause whieh almus tu promote thelr own happiness, and to protect their rights apd propertics. The Pen! who adore and enrich our soll, aw! to who the ti lwbor gives we bich » right as our own to its preservation. know very well thet the some thom with yertonal affection—have never foiled te jutorest aud reciprocal wants which mit bare over held thom rwaponsibie for th the few, and for tho iniquitios of og infernal policy rlone hat labored to's the tyrant’s fam line mextm—to divide and oon ‘We, who proceed in good fatth, wmbition of earping the ep jastive of our four br os, md tar f wie itself, for their we end with the noble “e Of the world for the e not sim at the derieuc. nor at the m meriting ti endeay iory sud hi of the I United wit As; but if they pre we shall not Le arity of thei pereo ail for the wain able tor But if we have nll piprulars, who We can promise ourselves the a | of the ermy, the individuals © t raffvetions, know no other law nor ] li of their commander. We pity the lot of abject ton tyraumy as ro from their bomes in the 1 brought to Cabs te opp s Fenouncing the dignity of m | and sil theenjoyments and of itt. If appreciace t Aiite beter frow awd happy ren and a ckpendeut and hirelipg soister, and cboote nec: pt the benefite of iuberty and prosperity, which w + them, we will aimit fhem into our ranks as breth But if they shail disregard the dictates of reason oir own interevts, and allow themselves to b € led by the insidiogs reprurentations of their ty- rants, 90 a8 to regard it as their duty to oppose them- elves to us on the fieit of baitle os enemies, wo will thea ncerpt the combat, alike without hate and withous foar ¢, whenever they may Iny down their we, who, | dheie youth, have be condition of themae f moderation and jacties —t peace apd conciliation ts invoke th» A brotherhood —be fit. « enitivated hich finds iteolf forowd to appen viekent rec arma, not fer the purpose of ng t wociad and the lives of fellow belnes recover the cot dition and the right: of man. ‘from them by an unjust ood trronnical not the expression ef our progtoss and wi on oar opponents the ides thas wo are igao at remotes ee, or dixtenstful of or atromgth. AN hy meane anited. ot che disposal of tho Penineuiers in Cuba. against ue.cenid only make the straggle more pro- Hionsixs ws; bat the ald net b y (he jess eure and deetsive. In the ranks of independence we hate te | sentiments of love and Chrictian peopl to the vi count ali the free none of Cube, whavever may be the color of theit race | the brave nations of onth Ameries, who inhabit our cil. and whe have already made trial of the strength mders of thy who have srante—the sturdy f a thoit country,» | bev Yo thie weigh Le pqabice Of Aggericn, the encampment of ous (reops, 10 will never be able to deny the uame of theie | nothing being left for ite people but tho tolls to produce | manner, in | * bap: | bare all read how © the depots of our supplies. and the arsenals of our arms. | All the sons of this vast New World. whose bosom sheiters | the island of Cuba, and who have had, like us, to shake | off by force the yoke of tyranny, will suthusiaatlcaly ap- plavd our resolve, will fiy by hundreds to place % elves bepeath the flag of liberty in our rauk+, and their trained and experienced valor will aid us in ting, onee and for always, the last badge of ignominy that still disgraces the free and indepemdent soil of Ameries. f we have hitherto oped, with patience and resigua- tion. that justice and their own interests would change — the minds of our tyrants; if we have trusted to external efforts to bring the mother coantry to a negotiation which sbould avoid the disasters of war, we are resokved to prove by deeds that inaction and that endurance have not been the result of impotence and cowardice. Let the government undeceive itself in regard to the — Of its bayonets and the effleacy ef oll the means it has fovented te press and watch us, Lathe face of its very authorities—in the sight of the spies at our side—on the day whem we have resolved to demand back our rights, and by force to break our chains, nothing has prevented us from combining the plan of our revolutiom; and the ery of liberty and independence will rise from the Cape cf San Antonio to the Poiut of Maisi. ) ‘We. then, as provisional representatives of the Lopord of Cuba, and in tho exercise of the righte which God and nature have bestowed upon every freeman, to secure hia welfare and establish himself under the form of Caymeres that suits him. do solemnly deciare. taking jod to witness the ends we propose, aud invoking the favor of the people of America. who have preveded us with their example, that the Island of Cuba is, and, by the laws of nature ought to be. independent of Spain ; snd that henecforth the inhabitants of Cuba ere free from all obedience or eubjection to the Spanish govern: ment, and the individuals composing it; owing submia- sion only to the authority and direction of those who, while awaiting the action of the general suffrage of the people, are charged, or may provisionally charge them- selves, with the command avd government of each lo- cality; and of the military forces. By virtue of this declaration, the free sons of Cuba, and the inhabitants of the islaod who, adhering to her ewuse, are authorized to take up arms, to unite into corps, to name officers ond juntas of goveroment for their organization and direction, and for the purpose of put- ting themselves in communication with the juntas con- i} stituted for the proclamation of the independence of Cuba, and which have given the initiative to this move- ment, Placed in the imposing attitude of making them- selves respected, our compatriots will prefer all the means of persuasion to those of force; they will protect the property of neutrals, whatever may be their origin ; they will welcome the Peniusulars ioto their ranks as brothers, and will respect all property. If, votwithstanding our purpeses and freternal inten. tions the Spanish government should flod partizans ob- stinately bent upon sustaining it, and we have to owe our liberty to the force of arms, sons of Cuba, let us prove to the republics of America which are contemplating us, that we baving been the last to follow their example does not make us ree. of them, nor incapable of merit- ing our liberty and achieving our independence. JOAQUIN DE AGUERO AGUERO, FRANCISCU AGUERO ESCRADU, UBALDO ARTEAGA PLNA nie ua ee Pee THE VERY LATEST. BY TELEGRAPH. Crancesion, July 25, 1861 The steamer Isabel, short of coal, has arrived at Sa- vanouh, She brings later advices from Havana, from | which we learn tbat « portion of Col. Conte's regiment, covsisting of nine officers and thirty men had beon taken prisoners at Puerto Principe by the insurgents, We learn by pasrongers on the Isabel that the reported necesees of the patriots are groatly exaggerated, and that at I na the government were fully prepared for any omy rgency. EAtctual measures were being taken to suppres the | insurrection, and no slarm was felt as to the ixsue. The markcts at Havens are unchanged. ‘The following is an extract of a letter, dated Havana, July 2—5 PM. ‘The patrols attacked Col. Conte. who was rafting his troops neros: a river near Puerto Prineipe, and killed three hundrd, and took the Colonel and other officers prison ere. The Gacefa announces another outbreak im the Vuelta Arribu. Several companies have gone over. ANOTHER DESPATC Cuancesvon, July 95, 1861 ‘There has been sent by the Ieabel ® paper printed » few minutes before ber leaving, stating that the patriots had been defeated im one of their positions, This is folee. It was printed by the order of the government, t> deceive the people of the United States. ‘The patriots defeated the Spanish troops in an engaze- ment, on the 1th July, They fought bravely for twelve hours, with but few firearms, making many prisoners among them the Colonel of the Fifth Regiment. The pa- triots bad many wounded and five killed. Their ery was—Lopes, Quitman and Liberty THE ECLIPSE OF THE SUN TO-DAY. We published yesterday, # very interesting letter | addressed by Professor J. R. Mind to the editor of the London Times, in reference to the eolépm: +un, which takes place this morning. As this will be visible throughout isurope, the greater part of North America, in the western portions of Asia, and the northern and western portions of Afriva, and thus extending over so large a part of the civi- lived globe, its observation will be of special inte. treet, and will be of more than ordinary value for txonomical science. We purpose, ore, to offer a few elucidatory observations on ubject uf eclipses, which the learned will con- not meunt for them, but for rather a nume- rou# clase who are not versed in the seience of the tarry heave » clasé, however, we ive to say, every day diminishing before the rapid progress of ednea'ion in this country. Helip see, like comets, are phenomena which pos- cepest interest for the human race—for the unlearued a# well as the learned—not only for the astronomer who calculates the distance, the site, andthe weight, of the sun, moon, earth, and other ploects, and the velocity and periods of their revo- but for the man who is ignorant of the mo’ | sider sees the the nature, and constitation of these | ly bodies. Time was when colipses | comets were objects of terror to man as they are still to borbarous nations and Armies have becn defoated and crmapire* orted by the consternation which eclipses in- fred, through ignorance and superstition; and we jumbus, the great discovere, of the New Worll, terrified the aborigines by predicting an eclipse which came to pass according to hie prediction, and induced them to bel that le was cither a god or in immediate communi ation With the Great Spirit Ttolemy, who lived in the second century of the Christian ora, and may be eaid to be the first | natronomer since the birth of Christ, held that the certh was the centre of the universe, and that the sun, moon and stars revolved around it. Though this wars grand error, it is worthy of remark that he caleulated the eclipses of the next six conturics. | Late in the fitteenth century Copornious taught the | true ayetem, and after 2,000 years, re the dow | tripe of Pythagoras, who held that the sua was the certes arovad whieh the carth, with other planets, | ‘orme {te aenual revolution. Copernicus was | perseouted by the religious fanati andthe learacd | of the day, and did not live to see the trian of | per bis eyetera, whieh isthe only one received in Larope | \merica atthe prosent day. Cialileo, one of hie followers, who invented tha: species of telesvops distinguished by bis name at the present not only sustained his theory of the planets, bul followed Lop, and cetablished th motion in generals * had beon noglec 2,000 yonrs. He bat theearth had both «a diuraal motion motion aroand ont own a and an aonual the sam. ¢ be truth, wileo. Copernicus ' g brought before the Tnqnisi, 1 to the rigoraof a prison * of these waa per jet from & treo, which fe Mace hie grand tacory © train of ther man " | the stellar universe, | hours, while at | side ap) | when the = PRICE TWO CENTS. < 1 gravitation wag ultimately developed. Sir W. Her-chell, and other asironeuers, have followed up his researches and reasonings, and bave made over- whelining discoveries as to the boundless extent of from which it appears that the sun itself is but a fixed star, and that all the fixed tars are so many suns, with their planets revolving around them. The earth ir a planet revolving around the sun. The moon is a satellite of the earth, ties the around it inthe space of twenty-seven days the same time it accom earth in its annual revolution around the sun. The moon always presents the same face to us, by which it is evident that turns but once upon her axis while she performs a revolution around the earth, so that ber inhabitants have but one nightand one day in the course of a lunar month. When the moon is nearly in a right line between the sun and the earth, | we do not see her, beeause her dark side is turned towards us As she advances in ber orbit, we see ber under the form of » new moon, and from one | degree to ancther, till the whole of the enlightened to ue, and the moon is fall. She then procee her orbit till she is gibbons, and by de grees disappears; after which she becomes « new | moon again. ‘i | When the moon is at full she is said to be in oppocition; when a new moon, to be in conjunction | with the sun. At each of these times the sun, the | mocu and the earth are in the same right line; but | in the Grst ease, the earth is between the sun and the woon; in the second. the moon is between the sun and the carth, When the moon passes be- tween the sun and the earth she intercepts his rays, or in other words casts a shadow upon the earth; then the sun is eclipsed, and the light gives | place to darkness while the moon’s shadow is pai ing over us. When, on the contrary, the earth is | between the sum and the moon, it is the earth that intercepts the sun’s rays and casts a shadow on the | moon. She then disappears from our vie# and is | eclipsed, for sho can only be seen by the light of the sun reflected from her surface. Why, then, it will be asked by a person ignorant of astropomy, have we not a solar and a lunar eclipee every month? The reason is that the planes | ofthe orbits of the earth and moon do not exactly | coincide, but cross or intersect each other; and the moon generally either on one side or the | other when she is iy yr vec mag with or in opposi- tion to the sun, and therefore does not intercept the sun’s rays, or produce an eclipse—for this can | enly take place when the earth and moon are in conjunction near those parts of their orbits which | crois or intersect each other, because it is then only | that they are both in the same place aud in a right line with the sun. These points of intersection are | called the nodes of their orbits. The orbit of any | heayen'y body is the circle it describes in revolving | around its centre of gravitation. A partial eclipse of the moon takes place when, in passing by the earth, she does not entirely escape her shadow. When the eclipse ee precisely at the nodes, it is not only total, but lasts some length of time. | When the sun is eclipsed, the total darkawss is con- | fined to one particular part of the earth, the moon’s shadow not being large enough to cover it all. ‘The lanar ectipses, on the contrary, are visible froa every part of ibe earth where the moon is above the horizon, the shadow of the earth being so largo as to completely cover it. As the sun is larger than the carth, the sbadow of the earth is conical, and | it gradually diminishes, aad is much smalier than | the earth, where the moon passes through it; yet, , We Bra the moen not only to be totally eclipsed, but | rgth voller renee The =e } ly by reflected light, disappears a5eolutely | Tight of the sun is intercepted feo her. | She * not, therefore, like the sun, become in- | visible only from particular spots on ths earth’: eurfarc, but absolutely and universally, uatil the | light of the sun begins to shine on ber again’ The iu of an eclipse depends on the respective dis- tances and magnitudes of the sun, earth and moon. ‘The diameter of the moon is about three-clevenths | that of the earth, or the whole buik of tho earth 49 thoes greeter than that of the moon. The dis- tance of the moon is about 230,000 miles from the earth; that of che sun 944 millions of miles. The diameter of the sun, as compared with that of the th, is in the proportion of 11 to L, and its bulk in the yortion of 1,800,000 to 1. When the moon celipses the sun to us, as to-day, the earth is eclipsed to the moon; for, if the moon intercepts the sun’s rays, and casts a shadow on us, we mast necessarily disappear to the moon; but ouly par- tially—a black spot will appear to pass over the leaving the other parts, which are not covered by she shadow, illuminated. Leiipses are culcalated with unerring certainty. Four bave been set down for the pre that which takes [coed to- two of the sun and two of the moon—two visible ia Emoye, and two in America. ‘The first eclipse of this ? ar was # partial a ot of the moon oa Janu- ary lith, invisible in the United States. Secoad, an anpular eolipse of the 8 visible ia the { ni- ted States. Third, a ing A | fourth eelipae, which takee place this morning, is a total ec sun, partially visible in tho » following table will show at and obtain ite greatest obsenraften at the different observatories of the United States:— Greatest Obscuration HOM Ss Aupapelis. s Brooklyn 5 wmbaidige. 8 Cinotwrati,...6 7 etown, ..7 x Hudeon ti 7 Middletown, ..7 ‘ Nantucket.....7 4 New Daven ' f 8 New York....7 8 Philedelphia...7 4 Tosea'oorn,.. 6 1 Washington..7 8 Weet Vemt...7 8 Webave vot given the fractions of reconds, as be ing neclers to auy except astronomers, and they willksow the exact tine themselves. The contre | of the chadow pastes over the points on the earth's surface, whose positions are ag folly ms: — Lorn gfimde Latiteds from " . @ wn. 1 os Ww is “ 1 8 “ 6 «# Y € a2 a Pr) An eclipse of the sun is partial whea the moon hides only « part of the sun's diso—total when she « the whole of it—annular when the san, masked by teall round ta the form ofa luminous tly. it i¢ central when the spectator’s plase prolongation of line joining the cen- e sun and the The cone of the ‘ Ladow, as we have sid, i# too small to cover wore than a portion of the carth at the same time. A solar celipse never, theretore, takes place at the time all over the earth; and the eclipa® is total for one point of the earth ther pat r invisible for other points. As the moon 4 before all the points of tho | sun's cise, she successively hides it from different parte of the {earth, in the direction of her motion From weet to east. The apparent diameterof the moon when it ie at ite maximum, exceeds the mini- mum diameter of the fun only by one min. 38 see. ‘Thus the longest period that an eclipse can be to- tal never can exceed the ¢ necessary for the moon to travel ene min. 38 see. of a degree—that ix, about three min. 13 see. of time. We should men- tion that on each side uf (be cone are share vs, canted by the inteerup aly a part of the sun's Taye Thie intermediate shade between pure shadow and light, is called the penumbra. [> aoe lar eclipses. he moon's dize is clothed with a faint light, ag from reflection cau d by the tilaminat- he earth: hat wh rected rays epted by thick clo total sed pal ble darkness ensues Of the me wiliag Kini rooms Like afuneral pall thrown over the f extinguished nature. The best place to w nomenon, is from high A, whic * & complete view of the Smok colored glaas is necessary, unless the atmongiy” cloudy. No doubt fr { which tuo eoliper be o'clock, in New York) the to pore n the iv c au Herold om 4 comes. ‘i the United St i h ' very eublom eetn in th portion of tae earth Pog caumple, of (aoe i tO Uae Vaited States, the last occurred in 1806, which is well recotlected by mony persons, while the next will not occur untit . A complete annular eclipse will be geon in & part of the United States in May, 1551. The utility of eclipses is much greater than is generally d by the public. The concurrence of the predicted and actual times of their commeuce~ ment and termination, affords mozt accurate of the correctness of the theories by which the were predicted. i it ancient eclipses has proved that there has boen an acceleration of the moon’s mean The observation of echipses, (more especially those of the moon,) is a means, and one frequently ured, of determining the longitudes of 5 Chronology hag derived very at aseictanse from eclipses. In the writ maoy seoigu' writings 6 | historions, many events are recorded are happened about the time when certain ectipoes the sun and moon occurred. By means of aa trovomy, the time of tbe occurrenee of apy eetipse caa be determined with perfect accuraey. And thus, if, ofanyevent, it is recorded that it bap- pened at a certain time before or ofter am ectipse of wilich an approximate time is given, the true date of that event is correctly determined’ Maay instances might here be given—but two will bw suflicient. In the writings of Josephue it isstated thae om the night succeeding the death of Herod, there wae apechpre of the moon. The record of thie event, (which is the only ove mentioned by Jesephus, in any of bis writings,). is of the greatest uportance since it determines the time of the death of Herod, and of the birth of Jesus Christ. Again, iv the history of Herodotus, record is made of an eclipse of the sum, which oceurred dar- ing @ battle between the Lydians and Medes. The day was suddenly changed into night; the terrified: armies ceased from their contest wa peace, Herodotus dees no: record the date of this vem, except in mentioning that it was in the sixth year of the war between the nations. Aetronomy is thus: called upon to Ceverming the exact time of thie event. ‘lhis tusk is rendered to some extent more dificult, since Herodotus did nov record the place or part of the country wh: the armies were con- tending. Hence. as might be supposed, ditereat computers of the event _ we been led to entertaia different opinions of ite exact time and place. How- ever, the learned Mr. Buily has couchwively showa thac an eclipse which coald cause so great dark- ness must buve been total; and henee it is required to determine at what time total solar eclipses oe- cour in that region. Aveording te his oal 5 us this eclipse touk piace, September Bh, 3. 610. During the great eclipses which took place ia 1845 and 1812, (the turmer being aunular. uad the latter total) severs! pecutiar and wonderful phene- wena were observed Mr Francis Baily dese them as follows .—ihi hen the cusps of the sun were about 40° asunder, a row of tuoid pointe, like a string of bright beads, formed roam@ that part of the circumference of the moon that waa about to enter on the sun's dive. My surprise was great on finding thot there luminous points, as weil o# the dark intervening spaces, increased in uagni- tude, contiguous ones appearing to ren int» onal ther like drops of water; for the idicy of tae ange Was so great, ard the singal of the ap- pearance so fascinating and atirs e, thas the mind Was for the moment distracted and lost im the contemplation of the scene. * Finally, as the moon pursued ber course, these ark intervening spaces were stretched out inte long, black, thick parallel I've, joining the limbs of the sun and moon; when ali at once they suddeoly gave way and left the circumferences of the sam and moon in those pomts, as ia the reat, compare- tively swocth end circular, and the moon percep- a &, his observations @@ | tibly advanced on the face of the sun. The moon preserved its ustol cirevlar outlioe, during its progrers across the sun's disc, until ibe oppesite fimb again approached the border of tha tun. When, all at once (che limb of the moun being at some distance from the edge of the smn, a number of ‘ong, black, thick parallel lines, ex actly similar in appearance to thore before men- tioned, suddenly darted forward from the moon, eud joined the two limbs as before; and the seme phevomena were thus repeated, bet in an inverse order. Ju the total eclipse of 142, Mr. Baily says thas he, at firet, ** looked out vory amon th. black lines which were seen in the annular of 1536, as they would probably precede the of beads. These lines, however, were not seen by me, “Tint the beads were distinetly visible; and, ew their iizst appearance, | had noted down the time of wy chronometer, and was in the act of coume- ing the se order to ascertain the exact tune of the wn, when 1 was astounded by a tremendous burst of applause from the streets below, aud, at the same moment, was clectrified by the sight of ove of the most brilliant and splendid phenceasts that con well be imagined. Yom that ent, the dark body of the in9¢n was sud- denly rreunded with a corona, or kind of bright glory, similar in shape awl relative magai- tule to that which painters draw around the heads of saints, and which, by the Fronch, is designated On aureele. * Pavia contains many thourend inhabitants, the greater part of whom Were, at this early how, watking a “ in order & witness thi: the total tanevos, th servers, W uring,” and, for the mom withdcew m, on from the ob- ject with whieh I was tely employed “Thad, iodecd, a appearance of atu. minous circle round the moon during Whe time of total obscurity, but | did not expect trom any of the accounts of previous eclipses that | had read, te Witness fo magnificent an exhibition as took urprired and aatont b now “Lwas seene wh It rivet loet sight of t Were Lot com Leow i'at the «plondid aly Luret upon my view. lly that ! qnite which, howe o this phenomensm p! first appeared te appearance really wee, © eats © there was something ap palling in its ch 1 can readily imagine that unciv e me alarmed sonomenon Was tow der of Appearances similar to these wore seen at othee places. in the eclipse of the present month, ob- + in Burope, where the eclipes is total, will a ial attention to its observation, in order te » phevomena which may coour erate to show ap the ce- y dispinged by the aathe- but | question @ you were for the following inttanee of ewiftuoss, A newspaper war bseriber from Cineinpati—post- and actually reachod its destin tely h markable feats of « ritics of the Post O aliogetner prepared almost misaenlor mailed to th marked ‘Jun tion in ove month, via: thie afternven. Arrques Naw Yous, July 25, 1861 The Opern at Castte Garden. Tho lovers of excetiont voonliaation will be dedighted thie evening by visiting the Garden Hettini, the excat- 7 who bas teen so mach atmired in the ohartw- Tews, will, mo doubt, Wheatyiert aw Prodigal.” Rowsay Tara rer = 1 pleador, brow prod in the jont amet, be preeeni-Gomum nee with the comedy «é vole will spent thie art tthe parforsesane wal (tend badlet of © Olan,” amd mounts with the cotnie pamte. cree The entertainments of this even mene with the comedy of “The Past dude with the now national epee ‘The My vows vo dowbt thee ‘ Genees ne i evening ta eet t * 1 ht roagham's stage