The New York Herald Newspaper, June 3, 1851, Page 6

Freesotl Convention Burlington, * SYERCH OF JOHN VAN BUREN. [From the Evening Post. y BURLIN@ TON, 30, 1851. ‘Loe gathering of the Vermont democracy here to-day, is unexpectedly large. The importance of the occasion—it being the day fixed by the Demo- cratic State Central Committee for the nomination te officers—was calculated to attract consider- able aumbers, but many had been drawn hither obviously by the announcement that John Van Buren had promised to be present and address the democracy of Vermont. The convention assembled between twelve and oae o’olock, and organized by selecting the follow- ing officers:—President, Caleb B. Harrington, of Kutland; Vice Presidente, Roland Fletoher, The ron Howard, Lawrence Brainard, Charles R. Field; Seoretayies, Daniel P. Thompson, Patrick Welch, H. Dow, George Wilkine. After disposing of some preliminar: ng the necessary committees, thi ates Were nominated for the support of th cy of Vermont at the ensuing eleetio For Governor, LUCIUS B. PECK Lieutenant (roverner. RYLAND FLETCHER Treasurer. DANIEL B. THOMPSON. A series of resolutions were then reported by the committee, of which I have barely time to furnish you with an analysis, which, however, will make thoir character perfectly intelligible. They em- brace all the reselutions of the Baltimore platforia that aze now seasonable, with many others called for by the numerous and important changes which nave occurred in political affairs since that conven- tion was held: ‘The Ist, Declares the federal government one of Umited powers, and that the constitution should be atriotly construed. The 2d, Denies the existence of any power in the ral government to make any interna! improve- ments, except such as are national. 5 Ths 34, Kecommends equality of protection to all interests, and for equal protection toal! against do- mestic violence and foreign aggression. The 4th, Favors retrenchment and the payment of the national debt The Sth, Opposes a national bank. Che 6th, Approves of the independent policy. ‘The 7th, Recommends free grants of public lands to actual eettlers. ‘The Sth, Denies the existence of any power in Congress over slavery in the States. The 9th, Avers that slavery is strictly a Stateand focal institution, aud cannot claim the right to be legalized beyond State lines. “he 1th, The ordinance of 1787, by Jefferson and others, shows that the American democratic statesmen have uniformly regarded slavery as local and temporary, and we should now retarn to their policy of limiting, localizing, and Aiseouragi it. The lth, The general government should relieve iteelf of all responsibility for slavery, sv that free- dom instead of slavery shall become national, and slavery instead of freedom become sectional. ‘Tho 12th, The Wilmot proviso is the only safe = to prevent slavery extension. ‘The 13th, Against any more slave States. The Mth, Adopts Kantoul’s resolutions ou the Fugitive law. ‘The 15th, Bases their hopee of success to freodom ea the fidelity of che democratic masses to their great principles, and repudiates the compromise 4s u teat of democracy. ‘The 16th, Repels the accusation of disloyalty to the Union. ‘The 17th, Promises devotion to the Union until perverted to an engine of oppression to States and People. ; ‘The 18th, Sustains the habeas corpws law of Ver- mont The 19th, Pledges the efforts of the convention to elect the ticket of their nomination. Upon these resolutions several addrostes were de- livered by the members of the convention. Among the speakers, Mr. Stansbury, the editor of the Bur- lington Courrer—one of the most eloquent and effect- ive of the freesoil democratie press in Now land—was listened to with peculiar interest, a: had been in association with the whig party ul 1548, and until it coused to be fashionable in that rty to defend the interests of human freedom. | rt. Stansbury stated, among other things, that whatevcr might be the errors of individual demo- crats, the principles upon which that party was based, he had become sutisfied, were the principles of human progress, and whosoever warred upon those principles, warred upon the true interests of civilize tien and humanity 1 ty, or faith, or influence he posseased, to pport aud escablishument of sound democratic and renounced for ever the whig platform s hollow purposes. Mr. Stansbury, by the @ brother of Mrs Kirkland, the’ popular who is perhaps more extensively known nomme te ptume of Mary Clavers. Ube convention then adjourned until 5), ?. M ‘Ths hour was chosen, as ir. Van Buren was ex- pected to arrive by the ruilroad at that Lime che bour arrived, an immense crowd gathered inside and around the depot, in the hope of inducing Mr. Van Buren to address them there, and at once, as any who resided at a distance were compelled to in the train at half-past eix a this the ccompanied them to the church where the con- n had been sitting, and was presented to the ide, to whom he adireesed a few remarks, sed to meet them in the evening, at any od place they might desig: depot of the vavead, which is the largest sd receptacle in Buclington, was eelccted for the purpose, and before seven v'clock the crowd had be- gua to gather and fill that immense building. Mr. Van Paren soon appeared, and spoke about an bour anda quarter. t SPEECH OF JOUN VAN BUREN Eriiow Citizens.— The Democratic State Cen- | tral Convention of Vermont, invited me some weeks #ioce to attend here to-day and address the State o jon, which they had called for the aomina- as Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and Trea- to be supported at the ensuing election by mocrats of Vermont. It gave me great plea- to accept this invitation, but until yesterday rnoon, | feared that other engagements would prevent my complying with your wishes, a+ I had promised to do. Finding ‘myself released from engagements in court yeeterday afternoon, I the care to Springfield, thenes to this place, ‘rriving about au boursiuce. This a sufficient apo- logy for the want of preparation which will neces- aaruy be apparert in the euggestions that | propose to make to you. It ix some two yeare ® balf i bad the of ors of ti rely engrosse: aat time; eir interest in this question is undimi- nished now, | deem this a suitable occasion to re- * the ground over which we have pasted in the ntervening periv nd to consider the position in which we now 1. The time to which | refer was Une fall of 1595, and the oecasion was the Presiden- al ion of that year Large accessions of ter- dthea reecutly been made by the Uni d slavery bad been abolished throu The #l nation to transport hold them there» to do by virtue of t States, whicb, as they gh | bolders of the South They constitu insisted, erritorie imed the righ i tac 4 vy its own force carried the relation of slavery into q ® acquisition which was made by the arms and treasure of the people of the United Strtes that the dag of cur Union carried thir « in folds. They insisted that the uniform action of the government, by which slavery bad beon 7 a the territories of the United State ordinance of 1757, was woovurtitutiona could not be prevented from trasepor into free territory; and that no man show! aoy political necessity whatever, be eleet : dont or Vice President of the United who believed they could be thus prevented, or who de nied the right they thus claimed. Tbe cominations of the two great potitical parties of the country wert made to ot Na to these pretensions, a those who resised them presented s th ‘aD. didate for the suffrages of the people. This resi+t ance to unjust demands was, as we suppor, natura! and inovitabe, and it will be instructive the reeults to which it hae} o which this doctrine was part now te revi ‘The tertitor applicable, fiknown as New Mexico and California hoe who adbered to the unifi government, also claimed the sai ory inthe act organizing a t mont for Oregon: aud tho law by which it posed to effect this, which was kuown ae ¢ f- aonian ordinance. kndcome to be called the Wilmot proviso, The Southern States ins 4 thot this prohibition of slavery should not be inserted he Oregon # terri oral government fo: larcd that such a prohibition weuld nh itvelf, and #0 ineult rturn the g This act was viter that well er pulrations blood of fre beets tote oted the He henceforth pledged what- | were disappointed, but Mr. Vau Ru- | of C alistia, ont she came thus into the Union, a free State. She came in as the thirty-first State. She came in alono, without a Sane ee attached to her to neutralize her strength, ine had in Missouri, and lowa had in Texas, and as the South claim should always be done when a free State was created. The majority of the States of this confederacy thus became free. The entire Pacific coast of the United States was dedicated to freedom by the prohibition of slavery in Oregon and California. slave traffic has also been ee in the District of Columbia, and a power as thus been exercised over that subject, which the South have denied and zealously resisted. Thesame power exists to abolish slavery itself in the District, and its eventual exercise is thus rendered a mere westion of time. The ground assumed by the suffalo Convention was, that slavery witha the United States should be exclusively controlled by the States themselves, but that the general govern- ment should relieve itself from all responsibility for the evil, by abolishing it where Congress had the ower, and prohibiting its introduction where it id not then exist. ‘This brief statement shows the extent to which the doetrines of that convention have thus far been carried into the action of the go- Yernment, and, it seems to me, furnishes just ground of exultation to the advocates of those doctrines. The results of the election of 1848, upon the per- sons who were candidates, are not less significant. We opposed equally and impartially both General Taylor and General Cass. The latter had: been @ somewhat intimate acquaintance of my own, with whom and with whose family! had enjoyed for twenty years, so far as | know, unbroken relations of friendship; but 1 could mot fail to see that when he, @ resident of a free State, had once avowed the justice and propriety of the Wilmot proviso, and ad then renounced that faith at the dictation of the Seuth, it became a matter of the first necessity that he should not be rewarded with the office of President for so doing. The cause of freedom be- comes desperate at once, if those im the free States, who are treacherous to it, can be elevated to office; and, important as we all deemed it, to defeat Gen. ‘Taylor, the defeat of his chief competisor was even more important. Thisrosult also may be added to | the other consequences over which the friends of freedom havo a right to rejoice. Let us now look at what we failed to accomplish. New Mexico and Utah have been epend into territories, without a positive prohibition of slavery. This result is owing, in some degree, to the vote of the House of Representatives, laying upon the table Mr. Root’s resolution, instructing the Committee oa Torrito- ries to report a bill for the organization of these territories with a prohibition of slavery. It is also | to be ascribed to the defection of a distinguished Eastern statesman, who had been a uniform, earnest and open Goong ae Wilmot proviso, until the 7th of March hen he announced that it was unnecessar’ pply it to New Mexico and Utah, as he had discovered that it was the “ will | wery should not go there. As Mr. Webster voted to insert this pro’ i | Oregon bill; as he had claimed it, im a State | | Convention in Massachusetts, in 1818, as his “thunder;” ashe has made several earnest and vehement speeches inits favor after that time, it isa matter of curious speculation when the will of God was revealed to Mr. Webster. (Shouts of laughter. | This is a matter of public concern, (renewo: laughter,) for this is not only a Daniel come to | judgment, but a judgment come to Daniel. (Shouts of laughter an lause.) The experience of the past does not us that we can safely rely upon | | the interferenee of Providence alone to arrest the extension of slavery. The will of God is presumed to remain always the same. It posed that he would not desire sla ‘ended to our thirteen original colonies, | was inflicted upon all of them by Great ain. Tt required human legislation to drive it from the | States which are now free. Slavery extended to | the entire North western Territory; the ordinance of Mr. Jefferson was necessary to abolish it. Slavery existed in the territory of lowa; it hadto be abolished by law. The safe course, then, is to | arrest its extension by law in the only mode which | has thus far proved offectual. (Cheers.) But if this cannot be done, we have two other resources. In the first place, we can constitutionally abolish | | slavery in these territories, if it should be intro- | duced: The ordinance of ‘$7, re-enacted by Con- | grees in "SY, produced this precise result in the State of Illinois. One thousand slaves were eman- | cipated by that act. I mention this fact on the authority of Mr. Edward Coles, the first Governor of litinots, a Virginian gentleman with a large fa- mily connection, most of whom are slavebolders, but who is nevertheless a patriot and a philanthro- pist. The importance, then, of adhering to this power over the subject of slavery in the territories, even when its exercise is suspended, cannot be over- | jrated. It is _a power to abolish av well as a | power to prohibit, and is the great conservative authority to which the friends of freedom must look ction against the bo prep of slavery. another mode in which (he pete may | be met. If slaves are introduced into New Mexico | | and Istah, slave States will be formed in those ter- rit avd will apply for admission into the confederacy. They should be met at the doors of | with stern and unyielding resistance. ' ould be charged with having covered land with the ignominy of slavery, | and should be turned back upon themselves until they restored freedom to its ascendancy These are the three modes by which the groat pur- pose of keeping free territory unstained by slavery may be accomplished. They all look to human ox- ertion. They rely on the lower law ; they distrust the intervention which Mr. Webster a0 secentl counts upon, and they reject the revelations of this ew Moses onthe Mount. There is another ques- which has arisen since the last Presidential ction, and which was in no degree involved in that controversy. I allude tothe Fugitive Slave H Onarecent occasion, I stated the reasons wh lieved that law to be utterly unconstitio! were briefly these :—First. That Congress ha wer to legislate upon the subject Se cond. That if they had the power, the law was un- | constitutional, because it did not give a party seized | uader it «trial by jury, at the place where be was | seized. Third. That it suspended the privilege of | the writ of habeas corpus in a case not excepted by the constitution. Fourth. That the teath section person conclusively to the deprivation berty, in his absence, and without any hear ing or notice to him. And I added, that, as the law wae unconstitutional, | should resist it with all the means | could command, if eoizedunder it. Let mo offer a few suggertions, in reply to comments cen made upon these propositions. It to hat the si soe Court of the ever passed upon these ques- whieh it is claimed they did | | | | | } | hay ‘The case in was that of Prigg ve. the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Prigg was indictod for oarrying off a fug ion of a law of Perineylva- ula d ‘That conviction was car- ried to the Supreme Court of the United States, andreversed. Several of the judgee tock the ground that the power of legislating upon the eubject of fu- | gitive slaves was exclusively vested in Congress admitted ve held that as the person seized wa no record to have been the slave of the party whem he was seized, the right of recap- xisted, independent of law for the pue- The moet that can bv imed from the | decision of that case is, that it determined that rest bad exelysive power over the subject. th uit carries with it the coaclucion, that law was unconstitutional, and rly convicted ander it; bat hed in what form Congress lew had been paseod by ame: for t y tbe the subj p But judgs Ideoy L titut et jucig Ete should and m t ni<hed i by Congress, antl tunkers whe mce H jad wt hiv risk uld ial | had at A : atr ™, sinful dut Y al of dwith th defended by ( fog tt forty ubura, Weretaken tut re Wyatt was sony Nl of exceptions res the judge wh grant an order staying th soption e Court there is probable cause for taking the of Shoretue Court on the exception The pre -iding exceution, and an onpeal Beardsley, of tho Supreme a. and Wyatt wae executed Of course, after this, the : ey as became of no 6 ue, and was te me. the argument mportant tu him as rf me Court would be the law I vagined, after Ft h urged, that a Jury trial is anime | > ne from anetee colored man seized under this law, be- | te us State tv whieh it ls intended to twkd lia secures this etohim. I ha atated the ee. Peet a being taken to ticular place, and why | think beikentd havea fry 100) case of Simms, to see what the jury trial is, that trial at the where he is seized. But let us the laws of Georgia give to him. By the laws of Conegte p- 802, all negroes, Indians, mulattoes, or must! , and all their issue and offspring, born or to be born, who now are, or hereafter shall be, in the State, shall be, and they ane hereby declared to be and remain forever, absolute slaves, except, that a person, on behalf of such negro, Indian, mu- latto, or mustiso, may petition to be appointed guardian for such person, and, as guardian, is enti- tee to bring - action, of Seepane in the marie of “ravishment of ward,” t son who has the Tadian, Bee ta bis powesion, This is the only mode in which, by the laws of Georgia, question of freedom can be tried without the inter- vention of a white man, who will make complaint, on oath, that a perec is held as a slave, and give security in double the valuo of the slave, and assume other fiabilities. It is, therefore, doubtless, the only mode in which the question, practfally, is ever tried. Now, what is the law of Cieor; in this case? Why, it provides, (p. 802, sec. 3,) “that in such action, the burthen of proof shall lie on the plaintiff, and it shall always be presumed every negro, Indian, mulatto, or mustizo, is a slave, unless the contrary can be made to appear.” ¢ the case, then, of an Indian transported to Georgia un- der this act. He must procure a guardian, and overcome the legal presumption by proof, or he will be defeated, and condemned to bondage. If he is so defeated, the law of (ieorgia provides, (page 902, section 2,) “in case judgment shall be iven for the defeudant, the said court is here £ fully empowered to intlict such corporal pun- ishment, not extending to life or limb, on the ward of the plaintiff. (the alleged slave,) as they, in their discretion, shall think fit.” The result, then, is, that if the party seized is unable to transport his witnesses to the place where he has transported himself, or if, for an: other reagon, he fail in proving his frecdom, he rewarded for his failure by imprisonment or lashes, or any other corporal punishment, short of maim- ing and killing; nay, more: if a person without his consent assumes to institute proceedings, the hazards of which he would be unwilling himself to encounter, the failure draws down the same punish- ment upon bis head. ‘is, it seems to me, is not the jury trial of the constitution; nor am I one of those who believe it is neceeary to overturn all our settled notions as to law and gal proceedings, to secure the recapture of a few unhappy fugitives from bondage. But I pass from this Fugi Slave act, with the simple remark that, in my judgment, it should be absolutely and unconditionally re- poles: Congress have no power to legizlate upon he subject, and the States would and should pass ad] laws that may be necessary to carry the pro- visions of the constitution of the United States, respecting fugitives from service, into full and fair effect. wing thus considered the present aspects of the slavery question, let us briefly consult us to the present see of ba a of Atpocineas lo my ju ent, they it to ite in uncompro- mioide Lostiliy to the resent national sdmiois- tration. The action of the head of that adminis- tration has been adverse to them when they hi every right to count upon his friends! Fillmore, by his public 8, by the aot it life, by his well understood princi, and feelings, was committed to the cause of freedom. Reared in Western New York, borne upward b those whose sympathies are all for liberty, he selected as the whig candidate for Vice Presi- dent, to secure their suffrages. He came into the office of President by the death of seneral Taylor. He had it in his power to put an end to the entire slavery agitation in twenty days. If be had recol- lected the manner of his clevation, if he had borne in mind that he was called to discharge this high trust at this critical moment, by the interposition of Providence, and bad firmly and calinly said to the slaveholder, ** You shall have your full constitu- tional rights, and nothing more; you must obey the law; you must cease these treasonable efforts to dissolve the Union,” he might have fulfilled the duties of his mission with honor to himself and with signal advantage tothe country. He would have called around him the friends of the Union, without a to party, and have extinguished for ever all thoughts of its dissolution; but he chose to take the opposite course, to turn his back upon the friends who had elevated him, to falsify ie qehadens of his past life, to throw himself into the arms of those who are prostituting the government to the extension of slavery, and to set the seal of his approbation to a law which, in my humble judgment, no civilized government on earth, except our own, would now enact. He has called to the head of his administration the most distinguished apostate from the cause of freedom. It pleases Mr. Webster to represen; himself us martyr to his devotion to freedom. He speaks of the calumny and persecution which he endures, of the privation to which he is subjected, the flames that might be crackling to some stake to which he might be tied, and of the penalifus he is under- going. Such is not my observation of the treat- ment he receives. Feted, flattered und sarressed by the wealthy, public entertainments continually extended to him, the patronage of the governineat at his command, official wud professioual emolu- monts eurrounding him, the earth black with news pers describing his virtues, sud the air vocal the shouts of interested partisans sounding his praises—all this seeme to me as little like marty; dom as he is like my ideaofa monk (Laughter.) But I agree, if his ambition is to be Presideat of the United States, there is below or above all this superficial demonstration, a deep settled publio sentiment, which places him at a hopeless distance from that object of general pursuit’ Even the southern politicians, who are so industrious and so succesatul in warping the opinions uad the action of northern men, would catechize him unpleasaatly if be solicited their suffrages. To be strong at the South, a northern politician must be strong at hom ‘They would ask bim—* Sir, can you carry Mass: chusetts? If a whig member of Congress in that State agsails you, and the convention throw him overboard, dare the ple elect him? Ifa de feated whig candidate for Congress in the strougest whig district of Massachusetts prefers charges of corruption against you, can he return to his con- Stituents and be elected on a second trial! Will they let you «peak in Faneuil Hall? Does the State of Masene husetts send vo the Senate of the United States Charles Sumner, rice Daniel Web- eter?” (Cheers) Andif he answers these iuter- rogatories in conformity to the truth, they will notify him that his further services will not be needed. (immense cheering) And on whut supporter of the present national adminictra- tion can the opponents of slavery extension pe 8s ls it Mr. Seward of our State? The State of New York, ever since the question first arose, has spoken in tones of the most iudignant remonstrauce agains: the aggressions of the slave power. Why is sae now dumb! A bill introduced by Mr. Cottia, intended to protect the free inhabitants of Now York opainst the abuses of the Fugitive Slave law —a wise, just, constitutional bill—bas lain upon the table of the House since the first week of the eras Why does it not become a law? ‘The Legisiatu’ of that $ in both branches, is controlled by d. A word from hita would reverse the retreating movement which now dishonors her. Why isit not spoken’ Why does he not denounce the action of the President on th» eupporters of Mr this subject? Why do the presses friendly to him m With culogiums upon the Secret of State? Why does be sit silently im his se utire 104 f Congrest, without ® toevement to 1 ugitive Slave net? rrepew the atrocioas L t indispea Abie to the subsis And iamst be le quietly ‘ c avery, for fenr tb renee apy linus: that should be auswe 3 whe lovk to hin as the che of human Jom. My hopee rest on the democratic party. Corword auxiowsy to theirrestora:ion to power intae nation. There are reasons personal to my- «elf why | ehould do 60. 1 owe to them obligations which tho services of my life could bur poorly requite. | (pe who #tands to me in anear relation hus enjoyed their favor for nearly helfa century. ‘The struggles { the past, the aeeociations and the friendehips tbat have been formed ia them, and the thousand unsoli- ited acts of kindness whieh they have elicited, al! con » ren we deeply anxious that the mon , swurea of the democratic party should sgainprevsil. But I desire them to succeed as the fonda, and pot n2 the enemies of the rights of man. lieve that the mass of that porty, whilet they eet th geesaatecs of the constitution and the ‘ y citiren of the republic, are sin friendly to freedom. True freedom ie exsenes of true demecrasy. without which it auuotlive. J know the power of the democratic t I have exteuted the priviloges of the ved ndepende of te-ritor the country be © libera ie, they ugh wars at home J know the importa dons their ranks a . integrity, and courage, a9 whole hetory shows them to be tipo administration of avy government, mite state or o I. Ifthey ired, therefore, riend the cause of freedot # t# execute their purpose. In the ork,a cordia! and thorough wuic 60 bo tween the twoecutions of the It is a mistave t rose that the “tate o aparty tent in th pa addr ' f th wore ander saced the principles of the Buffalo platforms we regarded em as the vital yrindp, les of true democracy. The supporters of General Cass and (ieneral Tay- lor vied with us in proclamations of their fidelity to the same principles, and charged ué with insin- cerity and @ want of devotion to them, because, as they alleged, we unnecessarily nominated candi- dates speceally torepresent them. A distinguished orator in the ranks of General Taylor, the fame of whose eloquence and learning must have reached you—I allude to Mr. Ogden Hoffman—in address- ing # meeting of the partisans of at that time, said, “As for Mr. V can the whigs support him? He has uot # single principle in common with them, except free soil.” And the emphatic language of their leader was echoed throughout their entire ranks. (Cheers. The sections of the democratic perty with us, as have stated, havo reunited. ‘he first fruits of that union are the election of seventeen democrats to Congress, instead of two; and whilst | havo no au- Grey to speak their sentiments on any subject, I think | may safoly affirm that sixteen of them would to-morrow vote for a repeal of the Fugitive Slave act. (Cheers.) We have’ lost, it is true, a demo- cratic senator in place of Mr. Dickinson, whose term expired, and who declined a nomination. Perha) there may be no harm in my saying, that it does not add to the poignancy o: sorrow that Mr. Dickingon should have been the Senator whose term expired. (Laughter.) It does not become me to say what the united democracy of New York will hereafter do. Ihave no commission to speak for them, nor suflicient opportunity of ascertaining their views in the changed aspect of the alaver, question, to be able to indicate their probable course; but Ido not believe they will ever endorse the system of measures upon this subject styled a compromise, or approve of the Fugitive Slave act. (Cheers.) When the proper time arrives, they will speak for themselves. As for myself, | am free to say, that I look with detestation upon the practice of buying and polling live bodies, in the year 1851. (Cheers.) Within the limits of the constitution, hos- tility to human slavery is the predomin of my heart. {t is as natural to m breathe, and will perish only with my life. (Cheers.) But I claim the right which I have always exercised, to choose my own time and way of making that heatility effectual. It was solemnly resolved in Buf- falo, that while we would relieve the general govern- ment from all responsibility for slavery, arrest its extension, we had no authority to interfere with slavery in the States where it then existed. A faith- ful observance of this resolution requires something more than a mere neglect to legislate upon the sub- ject; we should remember the condition of the ser- ville population of the South; that they are igno- rant and exciteable, that aefenceless women and children are exposed to any insurrection that they might madly attempt; and we should, therefore, abstain from any act that might excite this inflam- mable population to acts of viclence, and from any attempt in this way to extort from the fears of the slaveholder any concession which their sense of jus- tice would not suggest. Such conduct would be un- manly, unjust, and ungenerous. (Cheers.) The framers of the constitution hoped to abolish slavery by the action of the States themselves, and by ar- resting its extension through the instrumentality of the general government. This is the theory of the constitution. These are its compromises, and to these we should faithfullyadhere. (Cheers.) And now, democrats of Vermont, a word or two in regard to the election that is approaching; and when Isay democrats of Vermont, nobody, I trust, will un- derstand me as referring to that small band of men who denominate themselves the Old Line democracy —a corps who, at the sugges of whigs, draw off from the democratic column intoa field by them- selves, and expect to be paida certain sum per head to return to the ranks. (Cheers and laughter.) I speak of the democracy whose convention assem- ble here te-day. Your brethren in other parts of the Union look to your action with solicitude. They know the difficulties you have to encounter. They admire tho steadiness with which you adhere to your principles and to your organirations—they hope for your success. fhe ncignboring State of Massachusetts has set you a brilliant example. ‘They weresurrounded with s. milarembarrassments, and if they could elect George S. Boutwell as their Governor, and Robert Rantoul ag a representative in Congress, (cheers) they seo no reason why you may not go “ and do likewise.” The mountains of Vermont are the fit abode of freedom, and your bracing air its natural breath. Organize, then. | Organization and courage are the great secrets of succes Strike one more blow for victory. Follow op the bey ry = with vigor, from this day to the closing of the polls, and I cannot doubt that suo- cess will crown your efforts. {Ae the speaker closed his remarks, three tromen- dous cheers were given for John Yan Buren } 1 need not say to you, who know the singular charms of his eloquence and humor, that he had not spoken long before be had an entbusiastic and de- lighted audience. aim sorry to say that there are two professed de- mocratic organizations in Vermont; the oue, the proceedings of which | have been describing, which is the regular, and the other, or the b siting organi- ration, composed of a class of men who left the party in the State a year or two since, ax they sa! join the party of the natien. It is to be reg: that so in 0 opportunity as is now presented of reclaiming Vermont, and restoring to her her origi- nal democratic complexion—for used to bo one of the soundest democratic Stat in the Uaion— ehould be thrown away, and the true interests of the poonle so sadly misapprehended, ae they seen be, yy those upon whom will devolve the respoueibility of defeating the demosratic party this tall, if it to be defeated. i sincerely hope that a better feel- ing and wiser counzels may prevail among the two sections of the democracy, and if sv, you may be as- eured that the clection of democratic State offcurs will be one of its firet fruits. Additional News fed Santa Fe and The nse CAMVAIGN AGAINST THE NAVAJO INDIANS--POPULA- TION OF NEW MENICO—THE TERRITORIAL BLEC~ TION—MBETING OF THE LEGISLATURE, KTC., ETC. (From the St. Louis, (Mo..) Republic 2) From advices received by the last mail, we learns that Sittcen companies of United States troope, un- der command of Col. Monroe, were ts leave New Mexico on the 10th May, upon a campaign against the Navajo Indians. Mayor Ciraham was to have the command of the Dragoons. Lieut. John ford bad been appointed Quartermastor. military movement, should have no other effect, will serve to give activity aud energy to the army, aud thus restore their health, which hay been seri- ously injured by the life of inactivity and coufine- ment te which they huve been doomed An extra, from the Gazrtt« office, dated the 26th ult., contains a few it of news ‘The census of the Territory, taken by direction of Gey. Calhoun, preecats this result:—Jntire population, 66,01—Indians cacepted. The ratio ol representation for the country ts fixed, for be Council, at 4,894; for the How 7% othe | tear the of The list of appointments for New Mexico, m: at the close of the lust Congress, had beeu recei by mail, and they were loc for their early acri- val. The judges, it was supposed, would arrive ia time to hold the regularterms of the ensuing courts. Kut this may, with our knowledge of their move- ments, be very much doubres ‘Two of the judges have not yet made their inown that they have ed the trust. AFFAIRS IN THE BRITISH PROVINCES. Our Canadian Correspondence. 1M DEBATE ON RECIPROCITY WITH THE UNITED STATES. Toronto, May 2, 1851. A discussion of some interest to your readers took place in the Provincial Parliament last night, ona motion for the production of despatehes and cor- respondence relative to pending negotiations on the reciprocity question. Ministers refused compliance, on the ground that the publication of the despatches would place the Washington cabinet in possession of Canadian secrets, and so tend to frustrate Cana- dian diplomacy. H. Sherwood, one of the tory members for this city, made the refusal the basis of an attack upon the course that has been pursued by England and Canada in relation to this subject; and vindicated the policy of the United States go- yernment, as calculated to advance the real inte- rests of their country. He attributed the failure of the missions of Hincks, Merritt & Co. to their own contemptible conduct, and the unfair, ene-sided proposals which they have made. Old Colonel Prince, a near neighbor of Michigan, followed the attack, and expressed his conviction that your people would not have refused any overtures worthy of their character and position. Hincks replied ip # most intemperate speech. He main- ed that the only opponents of Sesiproott are Canadian annexationists, who labor sedulously to prevent its consummation, in the expectation that their favorite views will best be promoted by ex- citing discontent in the minds of the Canadian farmers. He singled out the Washington Republic as the bitterest anti-Canadian journal in the Union, and then glaneed at his own doings while lobbying at Washington. He puffed Seward as the paragon of American Senators, and declared that there is not a single member of worth in Congress who is averse to reciprocal trade with (; Admit- ting that the bulk of the American people are averse to this policy, he went on to contend that eelf-defence may necessitate the Canadian govern- ment te pursue a@ retaliatory policy, in order to cary. their point; and the conduct of Spain, in similar circumstances, was cited to show that re- taliation is the Lhd to which the advisers of the great man in the White House will most readily succumb. The closing of the Welland Canal was dwelt upon by Hincks, as certain to produce an immediate effect on American interests and Ameri- ean mind; while the only injury to Canada would bo in the shape of diminished tolls—a small matter, it was suggested, in consideration of the benefits | resultin, m the reciprocity which would certainly | be produced! The only other point worthy of no- tice was an assurance, on the part of government, | that they will be prepared to recommend decisive action in one direction or another, before the close | of the session. The only other topic affecting American interests that has been mooted during the week, is an export duty on pine and other logs, to protect the pockets of the Canadian lumber manufacturer and mer- chant. Petitions in favor of euch a duty have been received from the vast pine region in the south- western section of the province, and motiens in support of it are shortly to be introduced. In the district referred to, the manufacturing of lumber has recently become an extensive and a very lucra- tive business. The price of a ey log at the mill is from three quarters of a dollar to a dollar and a uarter; and it is eaid that a good log yields 1,500 het ofclearlumber. This seils in the Canadian market at $15 or $16 per 1,000 feet, and for double | these prices at Albany or New York. The object of the petitioners is, ff possible, to prevent the ex- eleagee cf logs, in order that the Canadian lum- er merchant may command the American market. ‘The success of the movement is very doubtful; al- though the Legislative Assembly last night adopted an shires to the Queen, against the threatened re- duction by the Imperial government of the present British duties on foreign timber. It has been authoritatively announced that the government will remove to Quebec soon after the close of the present session. The public accounts of the province for 1850, just published, show that the general expenses of the government and legisluture—including the ad- ministration of justice—amounted to $1,029,761. I must not forget to state that W. L. Mackenzie inflicts upon the house wearisome epeeches upon a multitude of matters, and has given notice of mo- tions for returns which would ronder neceseary the employment of s whole bevy of extra clerks His first reception by the House was more favorable than might have been expected, but everybody is growing impatient under his endless talk. In the far southwest of the Province, a resident geutleman has taken the field for the next election, on the anti-nigger ticket. He denounces the at- tempt to amalgaingtec black and white as an iufrac- tion of nature’s law; and points out in telling terms the injuries which are being intlicted on the country by the immigration of colered rufugees. ANGLO AMERICAN, nd Canadian Reciprocity DEUATE—CALL FOR THE Co: WEEN THE TWO GOVERNMENTS. freviprocity of trade between the nd Canada was called for in the Parliament, on the 28th ult. tominson moved for an address to hie Ex- cy for correspondence and documents on the ‘tof a reciprocal trade with the United States. iinexs eaid that in the present state of tho ons it would be very unadvisable to com- ply with the motion. If the correspondence were published here, it would be seen throughout the | whole continent, and would aot prejudicially —— the interests of the province, and the efforts of the government to obtain the desired reciprocity, There could not be a better evidence on this point than was afforded by the publication of despatches of Sir J. Harvey, Lieutenant Governor of Neva Soo- tia, to the home government, in which appeared the full extent of the couceesions which Nova Scotia is prepared to make, if necessary, to obtain recipro- city with the United Statee. The Amcricans were thus made acquainted with the character of the con- cessions which they may demand, with # certainty of obtaining thom. He trusted, then, that no hon, moraber, however he may differ from the adminis- | tration cn matters of general policy, will now prevs | Majesty’ Minister at Wael | equal desi pearance, and itis et A public meeting was held at Santa Fe on the eve | ning of the 26th, to nominate candidates for the Le- gislature. Tle following nominations were made for the Senate, Juan Felipe Ortis, (Viesrio,) Jesus Lujau, (Preebyter,) and Jose Franciveo Leyba (Cura) For the House, 1, P. Pillaus, Joba & Fulles, Thomas Ortis, aud Candide Orts Speeches s Reynelds, Smith, Acuurst, x yn, and Torre April, issued bi meant wer aide ly Rev. WOH v. Calb soution for seem bly — spp number of mem! wcil and of the Le among the seve al directing the election te be held on tha The Assembly eo el 1 are to invet at 1th ine Santa Fe, on the 2d day of next A correspondent writing from Independence, under date of May 20, The whole counuy seems to be ia the spirit of purchasing Aericant, Mexicane and all are making (heir way tothe Unised States to get their eupplics. Toe upshot of the whole of it will be as in 1344, that too pount of merehahdiwe will oe rtrodaced wi couu'ry. The grass from Los Vegus inte was very bad— that point to thie, it wae very good. Itains hey approached the tates were abundant. So it has beow with us, the wmet fow days. We have had ver: requcut ehowere, which were gratefully received by the tarmers. Lverything in the vegetable line is now epringing up with astonishing rapidity. Tho river opposite us ts very high and still rising. Major Weightman and family, Mr. and Sirs. Sunith, mis- sionaries, and others, leave bere today for Santa Fe. Olivarez’s train (Chibuahua,) under care of Domingo, will leave in a day or two. Jos. C Irvine's train, Mayers & Co., and Nov & Wethe- red’s Com) e now making active prepara tions to get off; McCauley’s O:th trainalo goes ine few day» The New Vemale Costume. {From the New Haren (Cone ) Journal, June 2) * ‘The firs: appenrance of the new coetume for la- dies in our streets « sensation. Indeed, so strongly was the curiosity of the juveniles excited, that they forgot the com- mon rules of propri nid crowded atter the lady wearer of the new dress in eych numbers as to com- pel her to tuke refuge ina shop in Chapel street, where remained until t rowdd prved. “Thi litele in nt, however, not her reve shake apperted | tien, and on Saturday she was again seon in the treet, the subject of general admiration. We 1 t roveral other ladies assumed the vew ti Athat our dress dress 1 wrday, ancl it i makers have received many orders for them. ‘Those who were tume, think it decidedly pretty. refreshing aod | n Friday evening, crestor quite | fortunate enough to seq the cow | told that | repretonted rid for this publication; ae there is ne inember of the jour to obtain tes, and her ton entertains an ‘The quest'on is still unsettled. There Lus been no positive refusal on the partof the Unit- ed States verpment to negotiate on the subject, aud therefore it would be exceedingly impotitie to publish a correspondence which is not yet con- cluded, The fact is that the correspondence ia | her Majesty’s government and hor ter at Washington, and although hove been formally communicated to tho government who is net sincerely an reciprocal trade with the U copie Proviocial government, it would net be proper, | ! even if it were expedient, to present the cor.cepond> | ence to the House, without the consent of the liome government j Mr. Puincy doomed the expl waation very une factory, both with regurd to the interests of the he cbaracter of the adisinistration. No | clorely connected with the welfare mer, and on none shuuld the e intelligent policy. ‘The in- formation a ht for in the motion was peculiarly important at Ub ae, as the days of the adminis tintion drawing to a close. It would be vory members of the government, if ce anextinguishor on all their pecea- ditiees; among other things, on their inability to obtain that reciprocity which he was catiefied the ans Would not have refused with ut suficient mensor did not wish to cimbarrass the go- vernment by pressing hi. jon at this moment it must be understood, kewever, thatif he withdr it ew, it would be temporarily, and with a viow to 1e-introducing it, if nooessary, before the close of the marion. Mr. Sirxwooe hoped the honorable mem Simeoe would not withdraw his motion, eve porarily, as no confiderse could be pliced in ¢ course pursued by the gore nt. Kirst, they veut Mr, Tiffany to Washington, then Mr. Merritt went with great confide then Mr. Maleolm Cameron was cent, aad lastiyy the Loepector Ge- vieited the American cupital--all to obtaia this much-talked of reciproeity. All, however, bad wigtally fi The Inepector General not only if and the govern snent he the eyes of the American people, by threw to close the canals against them. The threat was laughed at as a piece of im- pertin The cause of the signal want of suc- cess that bae attended these efforts was traceable to the fact that the attempt has hitherlo been to thrust upon the Statot @ enesided reoiprocity, beneficial t» Canada alone. In proof of this, the | hovoiable gentleman read extracts from articles in the Washington Reyutlic—tho organ of the Full moro administration—in which a desire was ox- pressed to meet the Canadians on a fair basis; opening the United Statee porte to all Canadian oduce, on the condition that all United St duce be admitted om equal terms to Canada Mr. Hinexs characterized tho apeoch of the ho norable member for ‘loronto as an American specch, designed and calculated to frustrate all attempts to obtain reciprocity. No atronger evidence could be iflorded of this than the praise which he had awarded to the Reyublic—a nowapapor distingaish- ed above all others by its hostility to Canadian in- terest, and which admitted into its columns articlos from Canada, written by known annexationists, whore main object ig to frustrate reciprocity, in or- der to ngthen the viows of the annoxationiste. | When he (Mr. Hinoks) wasat Washington, ho was | reat opposition te thie measure game | from Canada, and that the it were avowed annexati would name T. 3. Brown, General Brown. Mr. Homes said this was the first time he had heard that Mr. Brown is an anpexationist. Mr. Hincxs was at a loss to understand the ob- jects of the Hon. member for Toronto. Did he en- ‘dorse the views of the Vesningen emia and ropose to take all duties off manufac- Eine coming into Canada? Was he prepared to remove ali the duties from which the revenues of the Province are derived, and to resort, in lieu there- of, to direst iasstion oe 3 he Beg yd of the modest proposal to put on dui of twenty or twent; five per cont on Bugis manufactures im- ported into the province, while our whole frontier ual writers againat Cries of name.) ter known a+ isto be thrown open to American goods? The Hon. gentleman had stated that juestion ad not been, and would not be, enter ed by Congress. But it is a remarkable fact that there is scarcely one leading man, on any gide, in Con- #8, who is not avewedly in favor of regiprocity. @ measure failed last session, but so did many others of peremonns importance to the American people. The Reciprocity bill pomed the House of Representatives with scarcely any opposition, and 8 majority of the members of the Senate are known to be in favor of it. One of the most dis- tinguished members of the latter body—Mr. Se- ward—had told him (Mr. Hincks) that he had studied the subject with the view of finding argu- ments against it, but ho had come to the conclusion that the interests of both countrios are deeply in- volved in its adoption. It had been said that he (Mr_H.) employed threats towards the Americans, but he denied this. Hoe merely referred to certain faots, in order that the Americans might be aware of the probable results of a ret to reoipro- cate. ‘Ihe roforence was not laughed at, tut, on the contrary, was seriously considered by the United States ‘government. lis a at ‘Washington had a most beneficial influence on the proupeca of this measure, which had previously eon regarded as purely Canadian in its beari ‘Within the lect six or cight months the America: have begun to perceivo their interest in the subject, and when this conviction becomes more general, thore will be no difficulty in effecting a settlement of the question. Whatever may be said about clos- ing the canals, there can be no doubt that if any retaliatory policy be pursued at all (and on this point he would express no opinion), there is none that could be so successful as the closing of our canals to American vessels. He knew that if Ame rican vessels were not allowed to pass through our canals oe to British ports, a heavier blow would be inflicted on American interests than could be inflicted in any other way. Such a measure would Porheve deprivo us of a certain amount of canal tolls, ut that would be a comparatively trifling loss if it led to the passage of a reciprocity bill. We have shown every desire to have our trade with the United States unfettered. We have admitted them ; to our canals, although they will not allow our ves- sels toenter theira—we admit their manufactures at the same rates as those of Great Brit and if, after all, they will not concede reciprocity, it may become a question for our consideration whether we should not adopt a retaliatory policy. For his pt, he should view such a measure with regret, lieving a3 he did that the interests ofall countries are best promoted by freedom of trade. At the sam time, retaliation may be necessary. He was satis- fied that the government weuld be pre; d, during the present session, to meet the question in one way or another; but that had nothing to do with the presentation of the despatches aimed at in the mo- tion betore the House. The Hon. gentleman con- cluded by repeating his reasons for declining to com- ply with the motion, and by assuring the House that the government would not fail to exert them- aclves to the utimoet to secure the success of a mea- ture in which the interests of the province are aesely involved. Mr. Bovnton would not deny that it would be inexpedient to publish all despatches between the home government and her Majesty's minister at Washington; but he could ece no good reason for withholding full information concerning all that hag taken place between the provincial and United States governments. itt recommended Mr. Robinson to withdraw hie motion. He stated thut he felt a deop interest in the eubject, which will come fully before the House on an early day, when ho hoped to be able to show them that it would be for the interests of Americans Letearaot to grant us reciprocity. Mr. Macnenzis mi some remarks as to the spesy of the persons in power in Canada, and their agentsin London, in allowing the British go- vernment to reduce the duty on American cottom for their own advantage, without getting a saving clause introdneed in favor of Cana Ile consider- ed it an abeurdity for Canadian ministers to go to Washington to endeavor to effect reciproeity. Sir Heary bulwer was there for the purpose of doing our business, and he was well paid for it. Ile coa- sidercd that as Canada was part of the British em- ic, the Armericans had got sufficient compensation ue consideration of reciprecity with Canada. The Americans, however, did not want reciprocity, although t ad gots considerable boon, whi he considered quite sufficient to cause them to con- Oswego was anxious for the lo was agaivat it gland, no doubt, should have had some provi r Canada, but the difficulty was, they were af.aid that if they pressed the measure, the American tariff might be altered to the disadvantage of I.ngland. Tho greater part of the trade with the Ottawa is carried 1m American vessels, and 60 with the trade om the Welland Canal, and they were bowing to Amori- cane continually for favors, and although it is true that some of the American States are in favor of reciprocity, they have never attempted to carry any auch @ bill down to the House. Mr. Rowinson said he bad no objec draw bis motion forthe present. cede to the reques! to with- Stavsry in Lincria.—The statement made by in Forbes, of the British navy, that slaves are having been contradicted, he has ollowing letter to the editor of the Lom- “ Forzst, Wixpson, March 26. “My Dear Sir—You are right in your conjeo ture that I have not visited Monrovia, although for six months I was stationed within twenty-five miles of Cape Mesurada, and at Cape Mount mot many Liberian citizens. That the citizens of Liberia aro ying and holding slaves, I had ocul ongtration; and | know personaly two Liberi **, wojournere, at Cape Mount, who own- in the general uve of the term, al sense as regards the treaties for jou of the slave trade, as these slavee ¢ termed dome: ve3, Or pawns, ed for foreign slay ‘These pawn ae I have stated and belicve, are as much glavos as able prototypes in the parent States of Ame- rica’ aud my informants acquainted me that almest lubor in Liberia was derived from # syatem of roeatio wery in Lide on to all Afri ! inhabitant ier not much to be complained of, i€ by taking servants, helper, appren- s, (chowse the exprestion,) obliging or—-clothing, focding, and instracting “In proof that I did not state, without founda that Liberian citizens hold slaves, | will con- » by inotensing that a citiren cf the republia appiicd to m>, as commnnder of one of hor Majesty’ h to procure for bim pawns of value to the nt piled ad been des wing & lam pes, Com N. The Turf. Nave (Tews ) Races —Prnst DayeToy ancy, Mog 6 Bee: peinccafor thie year cid ription gv, bat! forfet Cok Woealiork's eb. @. by Glencoe, dam by Stocks 1 wt of thi on dam imp yavsndor, ° oe eription, $29 for. » eb ¢, by Lerlatian, dam by Stool web Ambre sador, ee we Porm Dar Two mile tu urse $20 Mr. Blakey's ch c. Jack Seys, by Jeviathan, dam by ¥ pa P. Oisceseserpstaesescvess & 2 Mr. Jobmeo f. Cadite Smith, by Belehesrar fiom uy Sir Kichard—4 y. o oe & 8 Me Nieholsch. £. Little trick, ty Prism, dam imp. Bheter=4y. 0.. 2323 Time, 1:67 4164's Mile heats, best three in five. purse $100 ‘#eoh. f. Fanny Perey. by 4y.o Lb Fre 1st Day, —Proprictor'» pin with an inside stake of $200 Major Peyton's ch. f. by Keston, Jr, (pe Aman py 1 1be 0, 6 mile heata, figres above) “ge ’ 1 Mr, Tavle’s br. ¢. Black Satin, by Leviathan, dam by Stockholder —aged : 2d Major Southall's br. f. Corset, by Bpeiion, dam Bustle--7 yo tosses PALM Col Biliott'#eb. £ Ann Chaco, by Leviathan, dam MOrpinDa—7 9.0.0.0. evccscescesesecures DAM Major Guild's ch. f Glorinua, by Keiipse, dam rifle 6 7. 9,,, ones et Tine, 6.00- Domestic Mivectlany, piceons have just made their appearance, They ling in the Montreal markets at O*, per dozea. te were 157 deaths in Uidiadolplie during the Wook ding the Bist wit ,