The New York Herald Newspaper, April 17, 1851, Page 6

ORIGINAL ARTICLES. wees Judge Nelson's Charge—A Werd in Season. , ‘The admiroblo charge of Judge Nelson, of this city, to the Grand Jury, onthe subject of the slavery question—which we published in full last week—at- tracts @ great deal of attention, and meets the approvalof the country generally. There are some, ae might be expected, to whom it was not accept- able; but i¢ met a cordial response from all friends Of the Union and the constitution, and all who are Willing to maintain and uphold the Jaws of the coun- try. It was to be expected that it would not be ac- ceptable to the anti-slavery Tribune und Post, who smeakingiy and covertly advocates the demonaic doctrines recently propounded by his colaborers in Bosion—Jobn Van Buren and Wm. H. Seward, Wendail Phillips and Theodore Parker. He accordiagiy passed it by without notice or com- ment, while every other journal in the city either published it in full, or iberally copied from it. Such conduct is characteristic of the Tribune and Post and .wili not create surprise in any quart here or ai « distance. There aze some points in that admirable charge which are worthy of particular attention by every maa iv the North, into whose minds have been in- atilled the infamous higher law principles of Sew- ard, Weed, Greeley & Co., and the cabal ofabolition agitators with whom they are associated. ‘The fact is, that without the section in the constitution pro- viding forthe reclamation and deliv. i from service, the South never would huve to become part of the Union. As it i we owe all we are a+ a nation, and ull we expect io be, it may be fi umed that buc for tha nas the United States united and powerful country a and put iy theirs iP: each ott each ¢ the ia the pre = ding their means in main- taining es, and warring on each other Ali of t e weak at home. and withou; respect abros then, have we not escaped by t onsenting to fori a Union? rtainly have beea tw confed, formed—a Northern and a Southern: but we ee would have reached the point of strength aad greatness which we have att South would not have insisted on the insertion of that clause as a condition of her joining t Unioa if sbe d not deemed it essential t She did s devs Wut herinterests we ly atl Lto the the North. @ will not be satisied with the North fulfilling ‘one part of the constitution and disregarding yn- other. She will demand that all the terms and voven: per i rests to do so. : and she new cons: and pene 1 , there- Tore, wall tion of the constitution, or the faw of 1783, passed in pursuance of it, or the amen- paged by Congress in 1850, and embody. Sl known generally as the Pugiti law, the South will be released from performing her pait of the compact. The Union, conseqnently, would be at au end, and the United States would rapid!y degenerate into the condition in which they would be if no union had heen eptered into, viz au aggregation of hostile and warring sovercign- ties—aa easy prey to foreign conquest. We mend this view to the attention of those whose sympathies have been trifled with by designing om: demagogues, and whose minds have been perverted by Seward, Greeley, aad others like them in the Northera States. Another point connected with this law is, that there is not a power conferred by this law upon those who have been appointed to administer it ju- diciaily, but what was conferred upon State magis- trate: wader the law of 1793, which was approved by Washington and Adams, and enacted by the fathers ead founders of the republic. The rea-on for pla ng the power in the hands of Wnited State Commivsioners, instead of continuing it in there of State officers, is clearly pointed ont by Judge Nelson, gnd is based on a decision by the Supreme Court the United States, in a case to which he referr Kf the law contain no new powers—il the fugit slave law is nothing more or less than a act- mont of the law of 1798, approved by our early pa- tuiots, and constutional in every respect —why shonld it net be obeyed as well a» other laws! If the the Bat Novth is disposed to regard its duty ur stitutioa, it will obey it in every in demagogues and agitators step in and say th there is a law higher than the constitntion—suy to all busnan cractments—and which must be fi obeyed. Let this satanic principle in the public iniad of the North, and tl of saad, and this government nothing but jion—a gigantic swindle and « » at the foandation they to be generally ke roe Union is a re and a de Sach principles stri tion. al governments; and we adopted, anarchy would prevail throughout the | whole civilized world, This is the plain and unmis takable result of the teachings of the abolitioni+ts aud socialists of the Weed, and Greeley. Sudge Nelson has, in his admirable dated a point which the abolitionists relied ho execution of the Fagitive Sle whieh te nd t thaé all laws passed by the State embarrass the execution of this law, are un stiin- tional and void, and aff ection against it penalties; for the law of Congress is paramount and must be obeyed. It is clearly defined that it is th: duty of the officer having a fe n his custosly nok oa from bis hands in any «tag: of thee procs stand upon bis proof’ and his authority to maintain them with all the powers co spon him for that purpose. Th nt point ; for if a collision occurred betwe ate and the fel authorities in the exccution of the Fag law, the consequences would be of a serious nature aed might lead to difficulties that are not now drenmt of. It is to be hoped that the very soasonable and tery Judge Ne will be extensively able charge of circulated, and as extensively | Lin the ern and New England States. It ic well calowlated to bring the erring and misguived vietims of abol tiovism and socialism back to the path of duty i the course they are make them pause and rel purewing, and to tarn back the tide of fanaticiem whic has Gooded certain partsof the country. It is a broadside against Weed, Seward, (irecley & ver for awh Co., from whieb they will not re ‘The Anti-Rent Faction Subdaed. ‘The late decisi ade by the Court of Appeals, coufieming the titles of the Pultney and liornby estates, will deprive the auti-rent agitators of all pretence for refusing to pay their honest debts ‘Two cases were referred to that court for its a judgment, which have been aw urded to the bolders “etine foods under the above patents. There aro other cases pending, to test the titles of the Van Reoselacr and Livingston manors ; but since the shove decision has been nade, the contest will pro-, babi be abandoned. The people, living pearcably. quietly, and con tontedty, under leases, upon those lands, never thought of robellion againct the laws of their coun- Ary, wntil impelled by Seward and bir elyue. It was when he was Governor, thet the anti-rent out- bresk commenced. It was shortly enbsequent to the death of Stephen Van Rensselacr, whoo the tenanta were first induced to resist the payment of, their debts. Le had suffered large amount of rents to accumulate, which, in h oe ayant the ment of debts for whic peal day Aad tenants had an indulgence extended them, by the generous old patroon, of ten or twelve years. After his death, his execntors attempted to collect the back rents, for the purpose atopplring the proceeds ae directed Ia the will; a! | instead of meeting with a willingness, on tho part - | luded ; that it is mscless to resi | of the tenants, to adjust the amounts due, the agent | met with a spirit of determined opposition and resistance. A resort to legal remedy was then necessarily sought; but it was soon found that the public officers hud already been corrupted, and the service of 4 process, or a sale under an execution, could not be effected. ‘The people’s minds had become poisoned to such an extent, that whole towns formed organizations, and combined to pre- vent the collection of honest debts. The politicians of the Seward school had their seeret emissaries in every part of Albany county, when the rebellion to the laws commenced; they were daily advised of every movement, and were aware of their inten- tions. The excitement spread to the neighboring coun- ties of Rensselaer, Columbia, Delaware, Schoharie, Ulster, and Sullivan. The next election sent seven- teen anti-renters to the Legislature. Seward, in | his message, gave the repudiators the greatest | encouragement that the Legislature would annul | their leaves, and that they would consequently be | relieved from the payment of ull past or prospective | rents. This encouragement produced a positive | insurrection, and, before fis term expived, the mili- | tary power of the State was resorted to in order to | protect the civil power in the enforcement of law. Demagogues went out from the cities, and preached resistance to the laws: in return for which the anti- nters placed them in the lower house of the Le- ature, in the Senate Chamber, in the Constitu- Convention, in the ¢ in the Superior and County wt of Appeals, and in the Hxecu- h of the their own sheriffs, cowaty clerks, engt nti-renters Way and julges, and thus, ser sof years, the due ws was kept in abey ministration of the } nee « Encouraged by men exalted to power, those di adoes mu n day, sheriffs and offi tice, assaulted + with deadly weapons, «lthe maje-ty of the law, and threatened with h all who attempted its administration. A ry few of their number were caught and impri- yut they were pardoned out; the prison doors own open, and the E tons, Big Thunder: t criminals, were let loo: 1 to inflam honest tenant: he Vinkles and th e minds 1 but Whilst a comparative peace prevailed; i they served their terme, the difficulty with enters would have been settled six years z isoning the m: ever since, for we gave a speech a few livered by one of the Finkles at the ention at Albany, in which he stated n to agitate the resistance of the he could find a listener. He has Leen employed, ever since his liberation, in stirring up the people against paying rents or in any man- ner liquidating the claims honestly standing agains them. and have eve sing nue f the mi they were in. pris« und } anti-rent con his de jaws so long a minat agitation has now ceased—the been expended, and the fuel which hes kept the fire burning has become ex- hansted. Happily for those deluded people, that the Court of Appe#ls has told them plainly that they were in error, and must now submit to the performance and fulfilment of such contracts as their respective leases en, Those toiling hus- n have labored for the last ten years for the of lawyers, demagogues, and deceivers. sve annually contributed more funds to keep » excitement, than would have discharged all the obligations against them ; and instead of redue- ng thove rents a ringle dollar, on many farms, by this time, the amount must have accumulated to a sum sufficient to have obtained their farms in fee when they commenced resistance. The decision having been made in favor of the landlords, as every unprejudiced man believed it would be, the tenantry had better conclude to effec, settlements as speedily as possible. We under- stand that the right of soil can still be obtained from moet of the landlords upon fair and accommodating t and instead of laboring any longer for the uppoct of lazy, indolent, lawyer vagabondg, let them apply their surplus earnings to the adjustment of the differences between themselves and the rightful owners of the lands. Every tenant must now be convinced that he has long been deceived and de- the laws under But the time for ammunition has banda benefit | which he lives, and that an obedience to them will bring rest to his mind and happiness to bis house- hole Philosophical Blasphemy. The last number of the Independent newspa- per, which derives its opinions largely from Ilenry ard Beecher, whose father is a Calvinistic di- vine, and who will be surprised to find his son parting from the faith in which he has been educat contains an article on Christian Llero- ism, which is worthy of some notice for the moral which its publication contains. It is an index, and yet by no means obscure prologua, of the points at which men arrive who begin to en- tertain the socialistic philosophy of the present eu- rious eporh in the history of human thought, The purpore of the article is to show that Jesus Christ was a *thero.”’ An attempt is » to show that he was even greater “hero” than Socrates, (only think of thas) and that he belonged to the great reformers, of which Luther and Knox were r cor vus examples. Why did he not add also Mahomet! Of course, in such an article sophisms abound, The text has been taken for an essay, or lay sermon, andeeverything is made to bend to it hristian worship and “hero wore are made and the thing. We are taught to imi- bervism of Christ, by doing acts similar to which distinguish the history of the advent of saviour. We are told that he drove the money ers from the temple, and that he set anexam- Thus, we are counselled to our imitation. he law and the fact, and to set up our udgmen equal to that of Jesus Christ. In fact, the drift of the article is to make It is rank homanitarian- rank os that taught by the most ultra of | nitarians, by euch men as Theodore Parker and sho have been infected with the philotheo- Cbrist, and Christ man ntricit { Strauss, the German meta- physicians, and the infidel socialist ls of France and Germany The st and good man, Dr. Channing, who lid much to establish Unitarian tenets in ry, never contemplated the blasphemy which now become the common language of politi vne and divines in many sections of the country Indeed, he seems to have foreseen the tendency « larianiem to take the place of pure and in his last address to the pub- ¢ distinctly declared his as Christ. Emerson, Parker, ¢ bronght up at the feet of the New England, might safely have lowed in his steps; but their personal ambition has interfered with their truth to the cause of r gion and morality. Their disconrses and essays re full of myths and enigmas. They set up fan- and theories, in which man js not made in the image of God, but God himvelf. They represent that man is God, divided among mankind, like the stock of a new bank—that the intellect is God, and | nothing else. Evom this idea «prings another «till more refined—of which Andsew Jackson Davis and the eocialietic writers generally, Greeley, &e., are | the exponents and illustrators, They mi | Jesus Christ a philosopher, represent him as know. ing nothing more than magnetiem may make any | man know—and cirenmecribe the Deity wholly by the will of man. Imagination, rather than intellect, is made the foundation of these delusive doctrines, ond material philosophy i made to comprehend alt the mysteries of the Godhead. There are other clacees of religioniste, ot rather of infidels, who have hades of belief, and who teach peculiar ee; bat they nearly all arrive at the same conclusion, in some way or other, that God and Jesus Christ are part and pareel of man: io very etockin tyade of ‘ay Ayana cage. Or, Reb lo go oat home livinity of ent divine of id | | | ° of their circle of faith, they invariably place maa as equal to Jesus Christ—thus indoctrinating the rising generation with false dogmas and theories, the tendencies of which are to be, in the worst sense, destructive to the moral and religious cha- © of mankind, w, the Independent, in coming upon the same ground, only shows that the ismatic writers of tho day are no sooner infected with one portion of the disease of socialism, than they become corrupted by all of its most destructive powers. So far as our obsorvation extends, they are all steadily moving forward to the Icarianism of M. Cabet, who, shaving planted his colony of socialists at Nauvoo, Ilinvis, issues the Popuar Tribune, to teach the world what he means. He, too, desires that the world will believe that Jesus Christ was only a moral and political reformer—a sort of Ica- rian hero. He affirms that fraternity constitutes the whole of the law—that nothing is requisite ex- cept that man should love his neighbor—the more so if she be a good-looking woman—and that, by so doing, he fulfils all the obligations which rest upon him while on the earth. But we will not pursue this subject further at present. Our duty has led us to exhibit the fact that philosophical blasphemy is the foundation of the socialistic doctrines of the present day, whether promulgated by M. E. Cabet, formerly Attorney General and Deputy of France, and now President of the Icarian Community at Nauvoo; by the theo- logians of Massachusetts, Parker, Emerson, ct id omne genus; by the Tribune newspaper of this city, or by the Independent newspaper, and Henry Ward Beecher and his associates in the ismatic theology of the day. One inovitable end awaits all these theoretical essayists. Mistaking German forms of thought and the prose poetry of France for sound practical and religious doctrines, they obtain just enough of error to plunge them into a sea of mist and confusion, where, sooner or later, they are certain to find themselves beyond their depth. The Law Courts—The Plurality of Offices. We mentioned, a few weeks since, that an effort was being made to abolish the office of Clerk of the Superior Court, and to amalgamate its duties with those of the County Cle k. Our observations, we perceive, have culled forth from Mr. John Ryan, the gentleman to whom has been entrusted the bill for introduction into the Legislature for that purpose, a statement, published in the Albany papers, in which he endeavors to excuse himself for the prominent part he has taken in the affair. We are not disposed to attribute to Mr. Ryan any undue motives for the part he has taken in the promotion of this mono- poly bill, though he seems somewhat chagrined at being designated ‘a respectable ship joiner.” Now, Mr. Ryan may be a very competent person in his own particular business; but we cannot avoid saying that he seems completely at sea, when ar- rogating to himself the wisdom of judging upon the subject of legal offices, particularly when his views are at variance with those of all the judges of the court and the lawyers of Now York. The statement cf Mr. Ryan, that in 1347, a pro- position to make the County Clerk the Clerk of the Superior Couit, was defeated by reason of Jesse Oakley, the then clerk, being the brother of one of the justices of the Superior Court, is incorrect, the fuct being, that the proposition, when brought forward at that time, met with no favor either from the court, the bar, or those having any business with the court, and it was promptly rejected by the Legislature as soon as it was presented. It meets with no favor now; but is as vigorously opposed as it was in 1847, and we are confident of the same success. Mr. Ryan also ventures to assert that the present conjunction of the business of the County Clerk, the Supreme Court, and the Common Pleas in oneoffice, meets the approbation of the parties having business in those courts; yet this statement is contradicted by the unanimous opinion of the bar, which is that such conjunction leads te embarrassment and de- lays. So great is the inconvenience already ex- perienced from this ¢malgamation, and so constant- ly is the evil. inereasing, that the Code Commis- joners have recommended that the Common Pleas court shall have a separate clerk's office, and we have no doubt the demand for this separation can- not be much longer denied. It is not true that the duties of the Superior Court are performed by under clerks. The chief clerk, Mr. R. D. Floyd Jones, is an indefatigable officer, always at his post, and by the amenity of his deportment, as well as the abili y with which he discharges his duties, he has rendered himself gen- erally admired and respected. here are, to be sure, four assistant clerks; yet, ‘heir strict atten- dance does not exonerate Mr. Jones from duty.— For instance, two courts are open for trial causes, which require the attendance of the clerk and one of his deputies. The General Term, and the Spe- cial Term, or chambers of the same court, where clerks must, of course, be in attendance, are fre- quently sitting at the same time, and thus but one clerk is left for the duties of the office, where law- yers ave hourly engaged in searching, filing, and obtaining certified copies of papers. Foreigners are, also, natusalized in the clerk's office daily, in ¢reat numbers. The business of the Super vr Court is now im- mense, and under its recent o*ganization, with six Judges, it is constantly increasing. It has cogni- zunce of nearly all the important commercial cases arising out of the vast mereantile transactions of this great city; and it will be recollected, too, that in consequence of the abolishing of all distinctions between law and equity, a considerable quantity of the most important business of an equity character, | devolves upon this court, by which funds to a large | amount are placed inthe hands of the clerk, ‘These facts prove the great propriety of, and indlispensa- | ble necessity for this court having a separate clerk’ Inv fee, and a distinct and responsible head. of the importance and magnitude of the iu involved, sometimes amounting to the ext hundreds of thousands of dollars, it seems but sonable that the wishes of the lawyers, a those whom they represent, should be consulted hy the Legislature before this project, which is ted merely for party parpe to oust official, and an unblemished man, because of his po- litical faith, should be entertained And yet so far as political reasons are urged, the facts that the remonstrants against the project com- prise many of the most active and leading members of the whig party n this © aud that all the judges of the court, four of whom are whigs, have, as we are informed, united in the sentiments of another remonstrance, which has been —these facts should deprive this effort at plarality of offices of any hope of success. Mr. Ryan states that the clerk of the Superior Court receives $2,500 a year—is that the seoret of the proposed change! [sit deemed too good aberth to be out of the grasp of the predominant party, or wny saving to the county held o an induces ment for the amalgamation! clerk, whom we know to be a most excellent 9 eficient public officer, performing his arduo already too onerous daties with considerable ability —would he undertake the responsibilities of the clerk of the Superior Court together with his own without inereave of pay? The plurality of offices was the bane of pean legislation in former days—reformation is happily sbolishing the system there, and we whe pride our- selves in avoiding the abuses, the tyranny and mal- praetices of the mother country, should vot degene rate inte the evils that we have hitherto avoided. Let the word be no plurality of corporate, clerical, tay, legal or municipal offices. wi ats as | an OXCE Newsrapens mv Soura Caronina.—The whole number of published in this state is forty, of ‘nich cg ire isewed daily. Hach daily paper has also Teeny see, avd throe of them ish & weekly sheet, being merely # transeript Rom the dailies, Within five years the number hae increased three per comt.—Calenbir (9...) Tage, Apt @. | ulso of his | and others, re: Trawl Fishing in Americ: ‘Thore is found on the shores of the United States a greater variety anda larger number of motuseer and marine insects, than in any other portion of the globe. This great abundance of the natural food of fishes, causes them to multiply in an extraordinary manner. The coasts adjacent to New York bay are, therefore, swarming with a great varicty of the ‘finest fish in the world. So wellare they fed, from the great abundance of food—so sleek and content, that very few, except the lean and diseased, will take an artificial bait. The hook, therefore, however effective to supply the wants of a comparatively sparse population, is hardly sui- table to the present, far less the future, Inxu- rious demands of the population of the United States. Moreover, the hook does not secure the best and most esteemed specimens—such as turbot, sole, brill, John Dovy, &e. These fish rarely, if ever, take bait. low then are these caught in such abundance, and so plentifully supplied in all tho large cities of Europe, particularly England and France? They are entirely indebted to the trawl net for these luxuries. It is a remarkable fact, that this net ia not as yet used on the coasts of the United States,§ although al! European fishormen coneur in its great utility and value. As a slight proof of its effect, we give the annual average of turbot, sole, and plaice, and their value in the Billingsgate London market. Turbot about £100,000, equal to five hundred thousand dol- lars, Sole, ninety-seven millions five hundred and twenty thousand; value, say one cent each, equal to one million dollars. Plaice, thirty three millions six hundred thousand; equal, at three cents each, to about a million of dollars. The total wholesale market value of these three kinds of fish alone amounted to the enormous sum of two mil- lions five hundred thousand dollars;a nd be it re- membored, that these are only a simall portion of the varieties caught, and only the supply for the metropolitan market. ‘This is all clear gain, nothing being abstracted from the soil. The te value ot upplied to Billingsgate by the trawl, can- stiumated under tea millions cert, that the i on the shores of the if not superior capabilit United States, to produce a r and more abun- dant liow le ure the owners of the nunerous sloops and schooners, aware that on their voyage to the distant fishing places, such as St. George's banks, and other places, they are passing over and neglecting the finest ficheri s inthe world. | With the help of the trawl net, they would be | enabled to fill their vessels and flood the New York markets, with the choicest fish; and this, be it noted, close to Sandy Hook, almost to their doors. Let the fishermen of America once comprehend the use of the trawl, and we will venture to pre- dict, that the simple hook will be comparatively neglected, and the cunning trawl usurp its place. We are happy to announce that a British officer, Capt. Mackinnon, R. N., has imported one of these nets fromEngland. The great problem will, there- fore, soon be solved, and we venture to anticipate complete success. The Hungarian Revolution. ‘SUE LECTURE OF DR. TAYLOR ON MONDAY EVENING. ‘The lecturer, after some preliminary remarks. said the Hungarian revolution was a tremendous effort. It had kingdoms for a stage and, all the nations of the earth for spectators, It way not until that event was brought about that it was known what men she had produced, or what achievements they were capable of producing. It is only in the stormy times of revolutions that the cha- racters of such men are tested. But let us not be mix. taken in the character of Kossuth, for although we have been told that he was not fighting for liberty, yet we are told that the Emperors cf Austria and Russia were something of reformers; but I am sure that notwith- standing the high authority from whence the informa- tion comes, there is not an individual in this audience that believes it or entertains such an opinion of those exalted persovages, But the question is not whether the Emperors of Austria and Russia are or are not re- formers; the question is, are we, the American people, right in giving our support to Kossuth—is it fit and pro- per that our government should use its good offices with the Turkish government for his release, and send one of cur vessels of war to convey himself and his com- panions to our shores, or are we wrong in doing #0, as the editor of the Courier and Enq irer says? New let us look at the case ar it really is, for none of us here has any interest in falsehoood, but we are, at least we ought to be, interested in’ trutth.— I shall. therefore, procecd to give a brief sketch of the events which led to the Hungarian revolution of 1848. Dungary is, or was until lately, an ancient kingdom situated nearly in the mlddle of Europe, having its own constitution and laws, and, before the ‘late revolution, contained a population of fourteen millions of people, compoved of different races, all, or nearly speaking dif- ferent languages; but the Maygars were the predomi- nent race, and of them we are now speaking. because it is about them we are most interested. Now, this race has alities which are not surpassed by spy nation in Kurope. They are brave to a fault, generous and hospit- able; and as an illustration of their bravery in the field, I will mention one fact:—In one of the first battles, fought between themselves aud the Austrians, an Hun- gurean regiment kneeled down to recvive the charge of a division of Austrian cavalry. One of the Hungarians—a peasnnt, who had but u few days befure joined his regi- ment. and was fresh from the plough—became so alarm ed, that he rose up on his feet, put both his hands to his face, as if to beg for mercy. The Austrian horse imme- diately cut him down, Upon which the entire regiment rose, and shouted in their own language, * Brave—down with a coward.” They then again dropped on their knees, received the charge of the Austrian cavalry, and finally repulsed them. And. I will further add, that in the condiet which took place im 1848, they had to contend single-handed, net only against the Austrians and Rursians, b inst several of the Selayonic races, who were in the interest of Aus tria now we are told by the editor of the Courier end Enquirer, that the Magyars intended to en- slave their own countrymen, Now, 1 shall answer this assertion in a single sen “It is false.” ‘The May- wore dixposed to do them justice, and did do it; Gat the Ruperors of Austria and Russia, and the other German prinece were interested in keeping up a feeling of hatred amongst them, and they now turn round to we themselves for erushing Hupgary and blacken ofthe noble Magyars. The Courier and er ulso says, it wax & War of races, and that being so we have nothing to do with it; but even though it were & war of races. which I say it was not, still it might be « war of principle too, and it was a war of principle we well as a war of racer, It has been aleo said that it Was a war brought about by the aristocracy to retain their exclusive privileges to themselves; but it ie known, and th Courier and Enquirer knows, or he ought to know it, for he had an opportunity of making himvelf acquainted with tl that Kossith as well as others of the had for years previously, been endeavor e burthens of the Hun garian pensa os of which th people of that cou 7 We have only to read the Journal published by him in Pesth and we will see that had stood ’ + equal rights, and for a system of ihe people; and Lam astonished, that at this day 4 country. that any editor should dare to put sucha American pe 1 d to give a sketch of K sit to the illustrious exile, and ing that it wa Washington on the ke it up, but also Mr. Webster... ny dn letter ‘iy to inmme- t mstanti- rament. ath and his companions, and TF hope and trust we will have the eof having them here 1h the course of this On concluding his the three rounds of applause, and he w: plonded during je. the lecturer himself, st only did Mr, W turer received several times ap. Aunaxy, April 10.—No, 24. Moore ents, against Moore and another, ap- in this cause was filed to set alleged fraud of MP3 Procuring the sale for his own benefit, at # price much lees than the premises were actually worth, while seting as agent of his father, Lewix Moore, for whore benefit the sale should have been made, at a fair price. (Premises in Kighteenth street, New York.) The court below decreed that the sale made should be held for the benefit of Lewis Moore, The sppeal to this court was taken from thet deeree Avni, 11—No, 25 called and revered. No. 26 ex- changed with Ne. 2, by consent; the latter argued. Bes- son, appellant, againet Southard. impleaded with Bernes, ondent. This «uit wae commenced against Southard ane for the malicious advising. procuring and Soha too Lo be arrested ofa nel to in an ane. tion for falecly representing. on sale of letse, phat cortain bay . premivos in Bre deay, New York. which Bestou hid sou out to one Benson, were free te rentajudgment of non pros. having been rendered in the Lact sient suit. In je cause Southard acted as attorney for Warnes, and wae nequitted on the trial, from which decision this »p- peal was taken. No. 28, argued in place of No. 27—Wor. roll against Mann, respondent ‘orrall filed his bill in 1653) againet one Pall. and said Munn, to obtain a specific perfurinance of a senled written agreement, for the sale, hy Prall to Worrall, of certain real estate in Rockland county, and for a conveyance of the interests of Munn, if any, mises, alleging that Munn, with the knowl dice of information of the nid agreement, had entered fnto arra mt with Proll, by which Prall had sgreed to sell and Munn to purchase the said real estate, in violation of Wortall’s right under said agree. ment with Prall, The Viee Chancellor of the Second Cireait ee jormanee ia pursuance of the bill, On appeal, the Supreme Court of the Second district re that decision, This appeal it from the last decision. Not concluded at 1 P.M. Domestic Miscellany. We are indebted to Capt. Degroot, of the «teamboat Reindecr, for Albany papers, in advance of the mail, There were #23 deaths in Philadelphia during the week ending the 12th ine ‘The Moree Tr ph Company are pulting up 6,000 ew potes between Allnay ane Dullae. Count or Ar IMPORTANT STATE LAWS. ‘The $9,000 ,000 Canal Bill. AN ACT TO PROVIDE FOR THE COMPLETION OF THE ERIE CANAL ENLAR@EMENT, AND THE @ENESER VALLEY AND BLACK RIVER CANALS. The Pe the State of New York, represented in Senate and sve rh enact po i — Bvetion 1, The remairider of the revenues of the Stitte canals, after defraying the expemses of collection. aupe- intendenee nnd ordinary repairs. and after paying the Feveral amonnts provides: by the constitution % be ap- plied = awe « the canal debt and the yeneral fund debt, « for ex of Yernment, shalt be applied tn exch fcenl year to thecame noon of the Krie canal enlargement. and of the Genesee Valley and Btack River canals, in the manner herein- after directed. until the said enlargement and the said capalssball be completed, See. 2. The Comptroiicr shall cause to be prepared tifie . to be denomisated “Canal Revenue Certif- cates.” in the manner specified in the second section of chapter three hundred and twenty, of the laws of one thourand eight hundred and thirty-one, and of the deno- minations therein specitied. except that the sane may be in any sums not lees tllan fifty dollars, which shall pur- port on their face to bs issued by virtue of this act, and without ang cther lability, obligation or pledge on the part of this State, than such is contained in this act of the surplus revenues of the canals, and to be redeemed, and the interest thereon to be satisfied as provided in this act. Such certificates shall be made payable at such time, not exceeding twenty-one years the a —— a = eeepc gee shall : nate as the period when, in his judgment, the revenues ime 7 this act will be sufficient for their redemp- tion, and the payment of the interest thereon; aud they hall an interest of not exceeding six per cent per “unum, payable semi-annually, on such days and at such places as the Comptroter shall direct. All the existing ye ions of law in relation to certificates of stock issued 'y or under the authority of the commissioners of the cipal fund, so fur as they are applicable, shall extend and be applied to the suid canal revenue certificates, and all the powers and duties of the commissioners of the canal fund in respect to the certiticutes of stock issued by the State under their direction. shall devolve upon, and be performed by, the Comptrolier in relation to the anal revenue certificates authorised by this act. ‘The said cortifieates shall be in following form ;— CANAL REVENUE CERTIFICATE. This certificate is ixsued under the authority of an act of the Legislature of the State of New York, entitled, “An act to provide for the completion of the Krie canal enlargement and the Genesee Vulley and Black River eanuls,” passed the day of 1351; and entitles or assigns, to receive lars, on the day of 18; and the terest thereon, at the rate of per cent per # scmi-annually, on the day of ay of in each year, until when the principal sum will be receivable, at as provided in the said act, without any other obligation, liability or pledge on the part of the state of Ne# York, than such as is contained in the said act. Dated this And they shall be signed by the Comp- troller ote! ily and countersigned by any transfer agent inted by him. . The surplus revenue specified in the first sec- tion of this act, which have and may accrue in the y: 1591, 1852, 1853 and 1854. shall be applied to the comp! tion of the Erie eanal enlargement and the G ley and Black River eanals. until the same sh pleted. After the clove of the fiscal year in cig andred and fifty-four, or at such earlier period as the said enlargement and canals shall be declared by the canal board to be completed, the whole of the said sur- plus revenue specified in the first section of this act, as the same sball be ascertained at the end of each fixeal year. shall constitute a separate fund for, and be applied to, the payment of interest on the said canal revenue certificates so issued by the Comptroller, as the same shall fall duc, and to the redemption of the said certifi- cates as they shall become redeemable. or to the purchase of such certificates as hereinafter provided ; and as soon as the amount of such surplus shall be ascertained in every fiseal year, the Auditor of the Canal Department shall, by his warraut on the Treasurer, transfer the same to the credit of the said fund, until a sufficient sum «ball have been thus transferred and safely inves‘ed to redeem all the canal reve jcates issued under this act. d to pay the interest thercon, such suffleiency and — to be certified by the commissioners of the canal fund. See. 4. The Comptroller and Treasurer shall keep per accounts cf the said fund. separate and distinct im all other fands, and shall annually report to the Legis- lature the condition thereof. The Comptroller sball from time to time draw his warrant on the Treasurer, payable out of the said fund only, for the payment of interest on the said canal revenue certificates, as the same shall be- come due ; and also for the redemption of the said cer- tiffeates, ax they shall pecome redeemabie, and for the purchase of such certifieates as herein provided, and for the investment of any part of the said fand, and for the payment of the expenses of preparing, issuing and trans- ferring such certificutes, See. 5. The bas one shall from time to time, invest any part of the said fund, which may not be required for immediate application, to the inter +t or prineipal «um of the said capal revenue certificates, in any stoeks, for the payment of which the faith of this State is or may bo pledged ; or in the manner provided by law, for the in vestinent of the capital of the common seboot fend ; and he may from time to time, purchase any canal revenue certificates issued under this act, ou sueh terms as the commissioners of the capal fund «hall judge to be most advantageous to the fund hereby erexted ; and he shall in like r invest any income or interest arising fiom any investment so made by him, Sec. 6. The canal revenue certificates issued according to the provisions of this set, L be received from any person or association of persons, formed for the purpose of banking and intending to condwet banking opera- tions under the laws of this State, for cireulating notes, to be delivered to sueh person or association, in the same manner, upon the same terms, aud to the sume ex- tent ax now provided by law, in respect to the public stocks issued by this State, and the said certificates may also be received from any insurance eompany, organized in avy other State, in complianee with any law requiring the deposit of certifieates of stoek as security forthe perforinance of the undertakings of such company See. 7. The Comptroller sball sell canal revenue certifi- cates issued as herein provided, to the amount of three millions of dollars, within one year after the of this within the second year after the passage of t, to the furtbor nt of three millions of dol- lars; and within three years after the passage of this act, tosueh further amouat not exceeding three mil- lions of dollars, as shall be certified by the canal board to be necessary for the final completion of the Erie canal enlargement and the Genesee Valley and Black Miver canals, if euch salex can be made for the full amount of the principal sum for which the said cer- tifleates shall be issued respect ively. The same notice of all euch sales shall be given by the Comptroller as is now prereribed by law in relation to notices of loans to be made by the commissioners of the canal fund. See. & The avails of all sales of the suid certificates, ether with all premiums received thereon, shall be paid into the treasury of this State, and the same together with all interest that shll acerue on f such avails, shall be epplied exclusively etion of the Eric canal enlargement and the nals, in the samegnan ner as is or may be provided by law in respeet to the expal revenues and to the payment. of interest on the certifientes aforesaid ae d; wnd the sum cf three millions five ind doliars is hereby appropriated, to be paid out of such avails, premiums and interest, and the surplus revenues of the State canals, as herein before provided. on the warrant of the cer- .an the time auditor of the canal department, during the next year the pasenge of this act three one five hun tred thouss nd hy appro- to be paid such avails, premiums, interest nues, and on the like warrant. dl Year next after the passage of this applied to the completion of the said enlargen capals, and to be paid ax the same may be required from time to time See 9. The sum of della red and eighty thou-ana ‘intel for the payment of the anal revenue cert vteates le. sued under this wet, and the sum of three qundred and rixty thousand dolisrs is hereby ap-eopriated for the payment of the «« ear’s interest on the said cere aby oie fecedrer on the warrant of hal “epartment out of the avails of raid certificates gathoriae by this act, and the pre ceive thereon, and the interest that shall ene deposit of euch aval ce. 10. If at any time after the yea dred and fifty-four, the Legislature shy of thre there eighteen hun- ireet the sum Is, to be nves of the government, as fon of the reventh article of a £0 directed to be applied shalt ” constitute any part of the fand payment of the interest and re- demption of the principal of the canal revenue certifi- cates iesued under this act, and such amount shall not be transferred to the credit of the e#id fund, so long a+ such direction shall continue, See. 11. In each year after the present one, the canal board shall reguiate and arrange the toll the canals of this State, in reference to the amount of articles trans ported thereon during the preceding year, eo that the vame amount of articles transported in the succeeding year shall produce a sum sufficient to pay the expenses Uf collection, superintendence: ordinary the canals, and to sntisfy ti the comstiontion for the payment of the canal debt. and the gemernl fund debt, and for the necessary expenses of gevermment. and also to produce a surplus of at least vight bandred thourend dollars in eseh year, until the completion of the Erie canal enlargement. and when the same shall be completed. cuffileient to produce @ of at least one ‘miltion of dotings in cach . sufficient sum for the redemption of the canal revenue certificates authorized by this act. chall have been col- ly invested, to b sioners of the canal fund ax ized by the eonstitutio feom thenceforth conse ruch manner as the direes Ard approve, contract for the enlargement of the Erie canal, aud the tion of the enecee Valley and Binck River cattais, first giving public notice in the manner now required by law; but euch contracts shall be awarded to such parties being of sufficient re Ae bility, n# #hall agree to execute their work, so as to en- sure the completion of the Genesee Valley aad Black River canals, and the completion of the Brie canal en- largement by the opening of navigation in the «pring of one thousand ight hundred and fifty-four, on terms which shall, in the jndgment of the canal board, be most fe and vous to the State, Such contracts shall contain a stipulation expressly limiting the liability of the State to the payment thereon only, of such sur- plus revennes ax shall be constitutionally applicable to: the completion of the eid canals, and of the money realized from the sale of the certificates this set, and the canal board may authorize the mre went for any portion of the work under coutracts, by delivering to the contractors with their nvecnt. the certifientes authorined by thie act, at not lesa than the par value thereof; however, contracta for the the the year ot land damages. Eee. 13. This act sball take effect immediutety. ‘The Business of Life Insuranee. AN ACTIN RELATION TO ALL COMPANIES TRANSACT- The People ofthe State of Ni Tone 5 - a le eur , end chascently, do. enact on fellow y Section 1. Every company oF he se of life insurance association tramsecti within the State of pad by on or before the first «1 year one thousand eight with the Comptroiler of this State the sum of #008 doltars, and on or before the fist of February aftey the farther sum of fifty thoskend dollars, stocks ef the United States, ur of this Mute, or bonds eSvither of the incorperated cities of this and whieh: stoeks or bonds shall be # or #bove par time of «meh deposit, or in bonds andwort cumbercd improved real estate situate in this State, and wortlr at least fifty per cent mor ttiwm the amount of the mortgage thereon; and t’¢ peceldont ce.senat, of every comy shed annex to every tet affida- vit that sald ax was made and takensimgood faith: for money loaned: by the company which he representa, to the amount therciw wamed, that no’ part thereof has been since paid! or returned, and that ie‘hns reasom to belicve, and does believe, that the premises thereby mortgaged are worth: as least tifty per centmore thaw the amount of the mortgege thereon; and the omptrot- ler shall preseribe such regalations for ascertaining the title and value of such real estate as he may desaw neces- sary. Provided, however, that companies or asseviations established, or which may commence operatiomin this State by agents or otherwise, subsequent to the passage of this act, sisull, before obtaiming the certificate reqniret by the act to provide for the incorporation of insurance companies, passed April tenth, eighteen hundred and forty-nine. deposite with the Comptroller the sum of one hundred thousand dollars, im securities as hereinbefore ified. Comptroller shai hold said stocks, bonds, «as security for policy holders in said com- shall, so long as any company so depositing 1 shivth comply with all the re= quirite sof this State applicable to such com- pany. permit «veh comp: t the interest or dividends on its bonds and mortgages, or stocks, so depo- sited, and from time to time to withdraw any of sucle securities, on depositing with the Comptrotler other like Beeuritics. stoc ct y value of whielt 1 be edits as may be with- ; exeh mortguze a0 substituted to be also acco nied with an affidavit, as required in the firat section; and the Comptroller shall prescribe such regulations for idle and value of the real estate covered we vo substituted, as le inay dec ne Bi i not be lawful for any p pany or associa th's State. until he hy Comptroller that the compat he acts has compfied with all the provisions of this act; and for every certificate so obtained the sum of three dollers shall be paid to the Comptroller, Sce. 4, Every company or corporation organized under the laws of sister States or foreign governments, and transacting the business of life iusuranee in this State, shall, within three months after the passage of this und on or before the first day of February in each thereafter, furnish to the Comptroller. ‘hall also lish in the State paper. daily for two weeks, a statement, verified by the oath of their president or principal officer, and a majority of their directors or trustees. showing the: amount of paid up capital and accumulations of which they are possessed, and specifying the securities in whieh: they are invested. with the amount of each ; the aum- ber of policies, and the amount of outstanding risks there the several amounts received in premiums and from other sources for the current year; the amount of losses and expenses severally for the ‘same period; the amount of claims remaining unpaid; the amount of fund reserved for reinsurance; the amount of premium notes held by the company on account of policies in force; the amount of premium notes, if any, held on agcount of po- Hieies upon which the risk has ‘tminated; the whole number of policies issued or continued through their agencies in this State, the amount at risk Uhereon, and the gross amount of premivms received therefor im the year preceding their report; the number and amount of Ioases paid through their agencies during the same period. See. 5. It shall be lawful for the Comptroller, whenever he shail deen it expedient so to do, to — one or More competent persons, not officers of any life insurance company doing busines« in this State, to examine into the affairs of any life invurance company incorporated in this State, or doing businesa by its agents in this State. and it shall be the duty of the officers or agents of any company doing business in this State, to cause their books to be opened for the inspection of the person or persons so appointed, and otherwise to facilitate such examination so far as it may be In their power to do; and for that purpore the Comptroller, or the person or per- sons £0 rai by hien, shall have power to examine under oath the officers and agents of any company rela- tive to the business of said company, and whenever the Comptroller shalt deem it for the interest of the publio so to do, he shall publich the result of sach investigation in one or more papers in this State. See. 6. Whenever it shall — to the Comptroller, from +xamination made under his direction, that the as- sets are not sufficient to insure the outstanding risks of any company incorporated im this State, he shall com- municate the fact to the Attorney General, whose duty it shgil then become to apply to the Supreme Cours for an order requiring them to show cause why the busi- ness of such company should not be closed, asd tha, court shall thereupon proceed to hear the allegations and proofs of the respective parties; and in case it siall ap. pear to the satisfaction of the said court that the aswets and funds of the said company are not sufficient as afore- said, the said court shall deeres « dissolution of said company and a distribution of its effects, including the securities deposited in the hands of the comptroller, Th» Supreme Court shall have power to refer the application of the Attorney General to a referee to inquire and report upon the facts stated therein. See. 7. Whenever it shall appear to the Comptroller from the report of the person or persons appsinted by him, that the affairs of any foreign company. as aforesaid, ere in an unsound copdition, he shall revoke all such cer tificates in bebalf of such company, and shalleause a no- tification thereof to be published in the State paper for four weeks, und the agent of such company is, after such, notice, required to discontinue the issuing of any new policy. ‘ Sec. 8, When any company transacting the business of life insurance within the State of New York ball deaire to relinquish its business, the Comptroller shall, on appli- eation of such company or association, ¢ outh of the president or principal officer, and sveretary, give no- tice of such intention ia the State paper, at least twice a week, for six months; and after such publicetion he shall deliver up to such company or association the se, curities held by him belonging te them, on being satis- fied by the exbibition of the books and papers of such company or nand the examination aforesaid, and upon the oath of the president or prigeipal ofliee and secretary of the sa that all debts and Habilitics of every kind are paid and extinguished, that are duc or may become due upon apy contract or agreement made with any citizen of this State. Hee. 9. Every violation of thig net shall subject the party violating to @ penalty of five hundred dollars for each violation, whieh shall he sued ad recovered im attorney of the t or agents so Mf of the mid into the treasury: © informer of of the non-payment of ding shall he liable to ling six months, im y court having cognizance thereof, h of the uct passed April tenth, one ight hundred and forty nim corporat { insurance « with the prov at incorporated un ‘iclating «hall be styaated. and one- penalty when ri bail be f raid county, *ad the other ha Vielation | ynd in the such penalty, the party so off imprisovysent for a period net ex the deretion of a ‘ste. 10. So 1 chousand the f ah vurk. Secretary's Office —1 have compared preceding with thy Tixinal law on file in this office and do certify that the same ia a correct transeript thore- from, and of the whole of the sald original CHRISTOPHER MOR N, Seeretary of State, Free Schools throughout the State. AN ACT'TO ESTABLISH PRET SCHOOLS THROUG HOU £ TIE TATE OF NEW YORK. The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly. do enact as follows Section 1. Common schools in the several sehoot dis- triets in this State shall be free to all persons residing im he district over five and under twenty-one years of age, # hereinaficr provided. Teons not resident of a dir~ rict may be admitted into the schools kept therein. with he approbation, in writing, of the trustees thereot, or —T of them. fee, 2, There shall hereafter be geared | tax in each year, upon the real and personal evtate with! ie, the sum of cight hundred thousand dollars, all be lewis sseased and collected inthe mode reseribed by chapter thirteen, part firet of the revived: tatues, relating to the assersment and collection of axes, and when collected shall le paid over to the tee peetive county treasurers, subject to the order of the State superintendent of common schools. Sec. 3. The State superintendent of common schools hall ascertain the portion of seid sum of eight hundred thousand dollars to be astessed and collect in each of the several counties of this State, by dividing the said svin among the several counties, according to the ralus- tion of real and personal estate therein, as it ehall appear by the assessment of the year next preceding the one im which said cum is to be raised, avd shall certify to the k of each county, before the tenth day of July in b year, the amount to be raised by tax in such coun. ty. nnd it shall be the duty of the several county clerks of this State to deliver to the Board of Supervivors of their reepective counties, a copy of such certifiente om the first day of their annual session, and the Board of Supervisors of each county sbell assess such amount upom the real and 1 estate of such county, in the man. ner provided by law for the assessment and collection o taxes, Seo, 4, The State superintendent of common schoole shall, on or before the firet day of January in every year, apportion and divide, or cause (o be apportioned and di- vided, one-third of the ised by general tax, one-third of all other moneys appropriated to the of common echools, among the several es of dietriete, and fe ti nd bie , from which reports shall have been received im ac~ cordance with law, in the following manner, cach reparate nelgh school diatrio’s borhood belonging to a in some adjoining State there shall be apportioned an? pro Cpe hye 4 — Sontean tas a ss child im suc 00 tween Wut the sum +0 to. be apportioned hborheod shall i dollars, together with the twro-alads of