The New York Herald Newspaper, April 17, 1851, Page 3

NICARAGUA, Completion of the Transit Route via Nicara- gua— Description of the Country—The Seenery, dic. ‘The following letter was recently received by ‘Captain Vonderbilt from Mrs. Childs, the lady of ‘0. W. Childs, Esquire, of tho American Atlantic and Pacifie Ship Canal Company :— Rivas pr Nicanaeva, March 6, 1851. C. C. Vanvixni.t, Esq., President of the American Atlantic and Pacific Ship Canal Compa ay:— Sun:--From the general tone of a portion of the conversation had during the brief though very agree- able interview enjoyed by us through the favor of ithe call we had the pleasure of receiving from you st our casa in this place, while on your late tour of examination of the lines of the important enterprises your company hus undertaken, I became impressed with the idea that an announcem ent of the comple- tion of your new transit réud, so fur as is necessary for cargo and passenger mule travel, from Virgin Bay, on Lake Nicaragua, to the harbor of San Juan del ur, on the Pacific, would, at least to you, be grati- tying. With this impression, in connection with the consideration that the time of my husband and the othermembers of the engineer corps seems alto- gether employed in prosecuting the survey, although now about completed, of a line for your ship canal from the Luke to the Pacific, I have with his con- sent assumed the very pleasurable service simply of advising you of the completion of your road so fur as above stated. In confirmation of this, 1 would add that I accompanied my husband in his tour of in- xpection with H. Wonegar, Esq., the worthy su- perintendent ofcutiing out the road, and ow es- teemed and skilful physician, Dr. W. J. Lovejoy, in a ride, to me the most agreeuble of all others | have enjoyed tn this count over its entire length, which is, as my husband informs me, upon the line eut about twelve miles. We left the Sevadia house (about centya! on the line of road) at eight o'clock, A.M., on our well-trained mules, visited the beau- tiful harbor of San Juan del Sur, and, after spending some little time in colle sting a few of the curiosities of the plec#, and on our return in admiring the beauties of the scenery at several points on the road, arrived at the hacienda of the Sevadia, at two v’elock, 2. M.; here we spent some two hours for refreshments ; then proceeded over the road to its termination at Virgin Bay, a small harbor at an ex- ceedingly interesting location upon the lake; from thence to this place, a distance of eight miles, where we arrived the same evening, feeling, at least on my part, aanply compensated for the fatigues incident to aride, inall, of twenty-six miles. advantages that will be re- mprovewent and use of this over any other line of thoroug! now in use across the Isthmus, will be hailed with joy by the numeroustra- vellers that now, and probably wilkin all future time continue, in constantly increasing numbers, to pass from ocean to ocean. When your company shall have commenced running your steamers upon the majestic river of San Juan, and across the Lake of ntral American C: AN Juan pk Nicaragua, March 12, 1851. The British Claim to the Mosquito Shore. You would be much astonished were you to wit- nees the petty vexations that we Americans are obliged to submit to, from those dressed in a little brief authority. We live in hopes of a good time coming soon, and therefore grin and bear it now. A brief account of the British claim in this place may not prove uninteresting. In my opinion, the real point (now undisclosed) upon which Great Bri- tain rests her claim to the possession of this place, is, that the lands and the power of governing San Juan and the adjacent country was granted to british subjects, and who, forthe sake of protoc- tion, connive at the posscasion of the British. Tho first grant was said to have been made in 1838; the document has no date to it. It contains this strange clause :—‘‘Ilis heirs or successors shall have the right to impose and receive contributions, taxes and duties,” and was made by Kobert Charles Frederick, king of the Mosquito nation, and who was induced to exeeute the same for the surprising consideration of one whole hogshead of Jamaica rum. Subsequently, these grants were pretended to have been annulled by George William Clarana, the heir of Rebert Charles Frederick, whe was thon a mere infant—i. ¢., ‘* Inasmuch as many of the cessionaries have ob:ained said cessions from the lute king when he was not sound in judgment””—or, in plain English, was drunk, &c., &¢.—** therefore it is necessary and convenient for the security, ho- nor, and welfare of this kit gdom, that said cessions be annulled and abolished.” ‘These claims of terri- tory extends to the northward to Honduras, and inclusive of this place. But, upon an examination of the documents, | can find no cession further than Gracia a Dios. The next point is, that the Mos- quito nation owes British subjects large sums of money, Which they have failed to pay, and per se, we take possession of the country, and assume, as a the government, as the Mosquito g’s deputy; there are many minor points whieh the web of British diplomacy has woven in this dis- pute, but the facts | believe [ have stated; it also should be borne in mind that the ment claim only the temporary posse country, and have as yet put forth no ch absolute possession of the same; it might be claimed by the United States with the same amount of propriety, that she should have possession of tho country from San Juan to Granada and Realejo, as about the time of these grants to Messre. Shepard, Haley, and Renwick, a similar grant was made to a New Yorker, to ake @ canai across the country, and in consequence of the commercial troubles of 1837 the same was relinquished; that person is now in the city of New York, and holds an indis- putable title to a cwnal route across the country. These facts having become known at Washington, I trust the affairs of this place may soon be settled, which will allow it to become a country of impor- tance and wealth. It is a strange fact, but never- theless true, in regard to all the Central and South American republics, that when they admit of the protection of a foreign country, they degenerate into mere colonies—but when they cast off all pro- tection, and assume an independent action in their own government, and act in accordance with the true principles of liberty, they soon acquire that ty and permanency which prove that their enterprise is not a mere experiment; and, in the hment ef these grand results for Central Auerica, the United States is no unimportant ally. She should not, by tardy action, and indifferent movement, crush that she the power to sustain; and one day or other, and I trust soon, Thope to sce Nicaragua to Virgin Bay, as1 infer from your re- marks, while here, they will in a few weeks do, and shall have running, upon the twelve miles of road, carriages in which comfort as well as despatch will be reaiized, the whole trip from the Atlantic to the Pacific and rie versa may be performed in some twenty hours, and, to the trav with the means, eree of interest and delight in scenery, during {| portion of the year, that could not be » any of equal length in our own coun- “f f interest at the rapids of Viego lachucha, and other points upon San Juan, [ need not speal u, having eutly twice passed the entire length of this noble liver, doubtless already appreciate them. From Virgin Bay—a beautiful httle indentation on the west coust of the lake, affurding, from the well se- lected site of our worthy host, Capt. Canty, for the erection of an extensive public house, already com- menced, an extensive and admirable view of the Jake, its islands, &c.--the road passes through the old ish improvementsina country quite level and ittle variegated, save by the quite numerous small conical elevations, the bases of which are made avail- able in furnishing a more dry, hard, and smooth i of 6} miles to the -urface for the road, a distance Platanar, a small, though exceedingly pure and never-fuiling stream, having its source near the summit of a i os great ridge whic either ocean. From the first crossing of the Plata- nar, the road follows up the principal ravine in whieh this stream flows j how gently winding around aepur of the hill, then making a circular sweep around the head of a very short, though deep, ra- vine, and returning on the opposite side to traverse another segment of a circle around a succeeding pur, thus continuing its path around the succession of and short p ravines, connecting nearly stright ngles with the main ravine—in which, and at ces far below the traveller, the Plata- nar, in its sinuons course, and with its wild cascades, flows—the road, by a moderate and nearly uniform ascent, reaches the summit in a distance from the i anar of 1) miles. From this and grandeur of the rough mountain scenery down the main ravine just passed is fully di-played; and the eye through the opening tormed by this ravine overlooks the picturesque plain extending to the lake; and the beautiful island of Omatake, about fifteen + in length, with its two voleauie regularly formed cones, (one upon either end, said to be 3,000 or 4,000 feet in height, the one running up to an apparently perfect point, and almost constantly capped with clouds, assum- ing now the form of a Chinese hat, then a Turkish turban, an umbrella, or some peculiarly fantastic form, and with its half naked, furrowed sides, ap- pearing as though lava from its crater but yester- day censed to fow—together with che broad expanse of the limpid waters of the lake, and the sparsely improved sections, and apparently segmetrical un- dulations of the surface upon its wre si scarcely as a whole excelled in the beauty of tandseape—are from this sumunit distinctly visible inthe distance. And, now, sir, however little inte- resting you, from the imperfect description given, may regard a view from this position, | hazard lit- cle in saying that every intelligent traveller, whose ™ «3 and haste to grasp lis share of the trea- sures of California are not so great as to prevent it, will linger awhile at this charming spot. Descending from this summit to the rich gravelly loam soi! of the valley of St. John’s ereek, a dis- tance of three ters of a mile, the by quite a regular and moderate ine! the eee of the bille bounding the deep ravine, in which flows the brook Chorrara, also a small and durable stream, with a perpendicular fall in fall view from the r 25 to 8 feet. The principal ravines on either of the surmmit falling away so much more rapidly than does the road, leaving the atter far above on the face of hills of very irregu- Jar formation, and extending «till much higher, ives a majesty and grandeur to the scenery high § segupitte. Having reached the pla ‘the road xtendsin an almost perfectly straight line, on a ha beautiful forest, thongh now being rapidly eut away, 3{ milos to the harbor of San Juan del Sv The surface of this horse- shoe form of bay during my stay there, although with high winds, was « smooth to adinit the smallest canoe to pa it with entire conve- nience; and, from appearances, this placid sheet of water bas a depth sufficient to admit ocean steamers without the we of wharves to approach within a dozen rods of its shores. 1 have omitted to mention that the surface of the road, for a width averaging about 5) or 6 yards, Is what the natives call swept; this is done by the machetta, while outting the brush, and leaves the road almost az free from sticks, dry leaves, &c , as is the surface of our northern plank roads his, to me, heightened the pleasure of the ride over i:. And were it not for a few trees of the larger class, and oceasionally some smaller ones standing within the limits of the «weeping; aleo the necessity of bridging the P’lata- narand the channels of two other small streams, now dry, or of reducing tho inclination of their banks, to fornish a more easy descent and ascent in crossing them; increasing the width of the pre- sent grading of re ae — pe Tym ' , and lowering a few feet, at two or b te evete width “4 the road, to make the inclina- gravelly soil, throu: tion somewhat lees—cnrringes might now, with full loads, very readil pees the sat jength of the road. All this, J am teld, will soon be done. , Alt h there was but a single vessel, brig lying in the harbor, and the cutting out of the r Hut ust completed, there is, thus carly, much strife for the most eligible building lots oa the harbor; and clearing the valley, 0 two or three miles back, making , tile, &e., has already com- menced; and other preparations for eresting addi- tional houses for the accommodation of travellers ees. are nit fom Virgin Bay to this Spanieh town, » Metance ofonly eight miles, on a fair road, leading a portion of the distance along and in view of the take, nd thi th improved fields of cacas, plan would richly repay the traveller of a few JT have already extended this commn- what | had intended, and A y be interesting to you. Regard transit line asa Central America take her place alongside of her sister, the United States, the proudest, freest, and happiest country under God’s heaven. 5. State of Costa Rie “ Magna est veritas et preevalebit.”” To THE EDITOR OF THE WERALD. A writer in the New York Herald of the 3d in- stant, who signs himself “Panama,” calls Costa Ri- ca a British colony. This is a matter deserving the fullest investigation, and to which, we believe, due attention has not been paid until now. The notion has for along time been in circulation that Costa Rica was‘ nder the protection, or under the influ- ence, of Great Britain. But, shall we be allowed to inquire what are the foundations of that report? Where is the evidence, where the documents show- ing such to be the case? If “Panama” possesses any, we invite him to give them to public light as soon as possible. In the meantime, we beg leave to caution the public against imposture, and to quali- fy his representations as mere stuff and nonsense— as the one-sided views of interested parties—or as the ravings of disappointed ambition. We observe that Mr. Molina, the Ministe from Costa Rica, lately arrived in this country, in his speech of audience to President Fillmore, has explicitly declared that “Costa Rica is, only bound to other nations by treaties confering to none any exclusive advoutages,” and he has furthe expressed the desire of his country “to form with por Tiscnyhmaenoes as te ea a as it ha with any other power.” We t add,on competent authority, that Costa, Ri , te femmes ‘oceasions, has, through her agentes, ified to this govern- ment the tact of her being under no pledge what- ever, of a special nature, in regard to Great Bri- tain. Indeed, the only treaty existing between the latter and Costa Rica is a ‘common place conven- tion of amity, commerce and navigation, similar in all respects to the treaties which the aforesaid ro- public has adjusted with France and other countri Finally, we are aware that even the contract which the government of Costa Rica had concluded with private parties respecting the construction of a ship canal, to which enterprise that country claims as are a title as Nicaragua, has been suspended with the only view to avoid subjects of quarrel. What is, therefore, Costa Rica to be blamed for? Is it for her maintaining that the property of the Jonds bordering on the southern bank of the San Juan river belongs to her, and that the canal en- terprise ought not to be earried on without her par- ivipal Certainly this is no cause for reproach, even if Costa Kica’s claims should not prove, on ex- amination, so well grounded as we think they are. We find, therefore, that President Fillmore, when answering to the speech of Mr. Moli ives him the assurance “that Costa Rica may rely on the i lity and good will of the g nment of the United States, in any question tor ig the relative rights and interests” of the republics formerly com- posing the federation of Central America. ‘The reception of the above mentioned Minister our government, is, in our opinion, a sufficient proof that Costa Riea has been judged as having an independent action, free from any foreign influence; and their consideration ought to set the matter at With reference to the union of the Central Amer- in States, its non-existence cannot but be a mat- regret to every person taking an interest fare anp prosperity of those countri wever, deserves no more to be im- wched for this misfortune than the Emperor of Japan. Owing to her geogra, hical situation, she always observed a passive policy during the wars waged by the other States against the Federal Administration. When this had been over- thrown, in IS, principally. through the instru- mentality of ragua and Honduras, it was then ‘and oaly then that Costa Rica followed the general movement towards secession. Still she waited eight years more in order to as- sort her complete independence, until 1843, when, »bserving that there was no probability of the union being restored on solid bases, and that Nicaragua had already begun to exercise external sovereignty hy treating with foreign nations, and by attempting to divpose, as absolute master, of objects which, under the federal system, were reserved to the cog- nizance of the general government, she reeived the necessity of adopting the same independent course that Nicaragua had taken. Subsequent events induced Nicar: gue to form, at a later period, a confederacy with Salvador and Honduras; but on sueh weak foundations, that it kas not the least chance of duration. This confederacy is represented by a Diet of two delegates from each State, inted by their re- Legislatures—who have alre met in Chinandeger but, it anes No revenue, ho army, no judiciary, and, in fine, it will soon prove a com- plete failure. Unfortunately, the contracting par- ties —— ed their compact by showing the most hostil ‘itions against (juatemala and Costa Rica; and, of course, it could not be ex peeted that these new = would join the con- federacy on such premises. They have remained alvof, and they are right. It isa great mi to ascribe the misfortunes of the Central American States to any foreign in- finenee, when they are the immediate uence of the natives’ want of in the pract of self-government. ‘The Ii union once broken, sectional interests have be: and two great difficulties bcp yoo ange ee that ul ates are dispos 0 ‘ive themeelves of any branches of revenue, in to form a national treasury; * ly, that they will never agree in regard to i) the sent af the general ; it. oT few month ago the Schwere aed of pen invited the other States to mect in a, ral conven: tion, to be composed of rej lives dirsetly elected by the people of the States, in the ratio of one for every thirty thousand inhabitants; such a soavestlen fo have authority for organizing a na- ional nt, and for framing ® national con- ttitution. “Aad ‘what ensued! ‘Salvador gave aa woqnalifieg assent; Guateme'a ayoided giving any should be made. ever there is the least occasion for it. dispute; we should not have backed out in the Ore- definite answer, ara, jected the proposi- tion altogether, and Costa kine aie the same. We are sorry to say that the spirit of nationality predominates actively only amongst a small mi rity in Guatemala, Salvador, and Honduras; it hardly ¢: aragua and Costa Rica. How- ever, it strikes us that it would be easier to obtain the assent of the latter to any futuro union, tl that of the former, for theso simple reasons:—! Costa not tainted with the same extrava- Vagant ambition as Nicaragua. Secondly, disencumbered both of foreign and domestic debts; her fiseal resources, although not very considerable, are ample cnough to meet the oxpenses of internal administration, and to leave # surplus which, in late years, has been conscerated to improvement he could, therefere, without any great inconveniency, abandon to the union some » of revenue. Thirdly, she is under no engagements, by treaties with foreign powers, or by contract with private rties, such as could stand in the way of a satis- factory compass with the other States. None of these latter are in the same advanta- geous position. Let them contrive any reasonable plan of union, and it will be adopted by Costa Rica. We believe, however, that the union can only be achieved through tho interference of some foreign frend wers. ‘entra American Lover or Trurs. Pricavenrnia. April 6, 1851. irst, THE MEXICAN REPUBLIC. Our Mexican Correspondence, City or Mexico, March 20, 1851. Mail Steamers between Mexrcan and American Ports. This is my second epistle of this date, and, of course, it contains but little news. While I was in Vera Cruzand in Puebla, and since Ihave been here, I have had many conversations with intelligent and influential Mexicans, some of them connected with the government, and also with well informed Americans and other merchants in this country, and I find the opinion is generally and con- fidently entertained by all, that the establishment of a mail line of steamers by the government of the United States on a plan similar to those between the United States, Liverpool, Southampton, Bremen, Havre, and Ifavana, to run from Vera Crus and Tampico} to New Orleans and New York, would be highly profitable. It would certainly be highly instrumental in promoting the mutual interests of the two countries. The British have a monthly steamer from Vera Cruz and Tam- pico to Jamaica via St. Thomas, and thence to England. This steamer monopolizes the passen- gers, and the best freights, and, above all, she carries nearly the whole of the specie exported from the Gulf ports of this republic, and hence the scarcity of Mexican silver in the United States. Ame- rican steamers, from New York to Vera Cruz, could connect with the lines now running to Havana, if satisfactory arrangements could be made with the Cuban authorities for transfer of shipments and passengers there without exorbitant charges, and if not, arrangements could be made for such exchange at some port in Florida contiguousthereto. I learn that the Tortugas or Key West could be adopted if the Havanese are disposed to be exacting and dis- obli That such a line would yield good profits, I have ne doubt. The English steamer carries out, [learn, from one million and a half to two millions of silver, in coin and bullion, every bpy trip, averaging upwards of twenty millions of dollars per annum. A consequence of this is, that most of such part of it as is employed in commerce, is used in the pur- chase of English commodities, and the United States lose the trade they would get if American steam- ers were established to compete with the British. S too, the Mexican passengers—and the wealthy rnd intelligent Mexican famil re rapidly acquiring a penchant for spending their time and money in fo- reign travel—being without facilities of access to the United States by steamers, avoid our country; whereas, if such facilities were afforded, they would, even in their trips to Europe, Biadly vail them- the selves of an opportunity to visit ited States. Many of the young men of leading families would ° to the United States to acquire their education. 'y this means prejudices would be overcome and extinguished, ti will between the two countries awakened and kept alive, and commercial relations intercourse extended and the bonds of amity oad ¢ strengthened between the two countries. The British steamer stops regularly at —4 no a3 well as at Vera Cruz. ve advorted to with regard to Ameri: By the arrangements 1 Vera Cruz and all the Mexican Gulf ports, as New Orleans and New York, will be greatly bene- fitted. The aid of the Mexican government, to the utmost extent of its power and ability, may be re- lied upon, in the establishment of these lines of steamers, and Mexieans could be procured to join in it. I have no patienee with those Americans who croak about the “expense” of such under- takings to the United States. If I had the power, as a citizen of the United States, I would Coed ge a moment in expending as much as we spent in the war with this country, to drive the British steamers, by fair and honorable compe from the seas of this hemisphere. will persist in bawling “Britannia Rules the Waves” — (they used to style their monarchs kings of France, long after the sceptre over every foot of French soil had departed from them)—TI would constrain them to alter the aforesaid chorus by rting a parenthetical exception of those “wave: ially claimed by Brother Jonathan. The exception might, ifthe English preferred it, be attributed to tender regard and good feeling for their “Anglo- Saxon offshoot,” as Mr. Webster once called us, or any other generous and liberal motive—but it Sooner or later, I predict that such men as Pal- merston, Bulwer, and Chatfield, and Admiral Horn by, aided by some of our old fogies with British rtialities and predilections, will cause a war be- ween us and Great Britain respecting their med- dling in American affvirs; and the recent bungling treatios relgtive to the passways to the Pacific, Se. all tend to increase the chances. I have witnossed so much of British arrogance and intrigue to pre- mote their selfish ends, in every part of the world that I bave visited, and especially in the republics of this and the South American continent, that [ do not feel averse to going into the coutest when- We ought to have met her firmly in the northeast boundary on business ; and above all, we should not truckle in the Nicaragua affair. We should, in preparation for the conflict which must come, establish rival steamers wherever she has them in the American seas, and at any expense. ‘The consummation of the project I have alluded to, of mail steam o, may be retarded and delayed for a timo, but it will’ be ultimately ef- fected. If or Vernment continues in the stolid sleep which, the treaty of "48, seems to-have fallen upon it, as to our hly important interests in this country—if our pseudo-statesimer continue to waste their time, and devote all their exertions to petty and degrading intrigues for the presidency or other official honors, or to plundering the public treasury by mi you may depend upon it ual Yankee enter- prise will not always allow the British to retain the supremacy they now have wholly by the supine- nexs of our government. rivate enterprise will ef- fect what the government mommy | In connection with this subject of the establish- ment of lines of steamers between the United States and Mexico. lof lines of stages across the coun- I should to, that the government here, has ractod with Don Cayatano Rubio, of this city, a millionaire, and one of the most enterprising citi- zens of the republic, for four war steamers, and six other vessels for marine revenue service, in the julf and on the Pacific; and that the gallant vete- ran, Commodore Lope, of the Mexican navy, (not General Narciso, of Cuba renown,) left here ashort time ago, to superintend and inspect their construe tion in the United States, and I believe in New York. An intelligent Mexiean citizen, a Biseay by birth, Don V. Echenique, also visits New York, L learn, forthwith, on account of Mr. Rubio, to exa- mine as to the terms upon which stage coaches or omnibuses, baggage wi mail wagons, &e., can be obtained, and if visable, to purchase a sufficient number for the establishment of a regular line between Vera Cruz, Jalapa, Poubla,Mexico, and Acapuleoon the Pacific. Acapulco is beyond all ques- tion the best harbor on the Pacific coast from Costa Rica to California. 1 heard Senator Gwin, of Ca lifornia, and others, ouenk of it in the highest terms, and | intend nae shortly. In such event, my corre’ may be suspended till I return hither. When steamers the United States rgalaris connect, say once & week, with this stago line, which two in the Gulf and the same number inthe Pacific can do, Lam eativficd two-thirds of the pas- sengers to and from California and the United States will prefer it to any other route. It will be the most ex ious, the safest, the most pleasant, and the cheapest. This governmont has resolved, when the line ix under way, to afford it perfect ion by & guard of selected trusty soldiers to ride with the mails, and there will not be the least danger of robberie Accommodations for passe: will be mado ina short time after the line gets operation slong. the whole route; and I “guess” that two-thirds the roadside tavern keepers will spenk tho same kind of English we heardown East. Villages will ‘ing up ot the different st places, having thackem ith shop, a country store, a school hoase, ge — Yankeo fixings, from the Gulf te the cific. ‘The following estimate has been furnished me by Higent gentle of the probable time aud the bighcet face for @ passage by stoamor {rym New f useless offices, &e., Orleans to Vera Crus, thence by stage coache: Mexico and Acapulco, and thence by steamer to San Francisco. ESTIMATE. From New Orleans to Vera Cruz, Vera Cruz to Mexico, Mexico to Acapulco, 4 « Acapulco to Sam Francisco, 7 or 8 * 4 or 5 da: + $185, Entire passage, 20 days......... This is the highest cost and the longest time. It is said the route can be trav in sixteon days, and after the line od into full operation, the whole fare and exponse through, of every kind, will not exceed . The war steamers being procured by the re; lie are not intended, I learn, to be emplo: as are our mail and war steamers, built by Collins, and by Law, &c., but are to be used exclusively for naval purposes. I should not, however, be sur- prised if they ere, ere long, don t! i if no private lines are started. If #0, t States should make liberal zrrangements with, and encourage them. isthmus mails would then be in a measure rendered aseless. We should by all means promote the establish- ment of some line of steamers to Mexico immedi- ately. A half-dozen enter ing merchants or capi- talists in New Orleans and in New York could effect it by uniting with capitalists at Vera Cruz, and in Puebla and in this city. The steamers Alabama and Fanny, both, I learn, brought good freights and several passengers to Vera Cruz each of tho trips they made; and thenumber that go from Vera Cruz each trip is at least fifty, and it willincrease at once threefold, and in a few months tenfold, or [am egregiously mistaken. There are not now good stages between Vera Cruz and Acapulco, that can be relied on tocarry many passengers. Many Californians have returned by this route, ridin; across from the Pacific on horses or on mules, an taking the chances of finding conveyance to the United States by water from Vera Cruz. By this route, even at this time, two tedious sea voyages and the detention at the Isthmus can be avoide: and also the Chagres and Panama fevers. traveller by this rouce can view one of the most beautiful countries on carth—mountain, valley and lake, “classic ground,” for it was the theatre of the exploits of Cortes and Pizarro, and interesting from hemg the scene of the splendor and power, and downfall and oppression and crue! death of Monte- mma. ‘To a citizen of the United States it is doubly interesting, for here repose the earthly re- ns of many of our gallant countrymen, and were deeds of glorious daring performed by them in support of their country's flag, in contest with those, then our gallant foes, but now our generous frie If these s er Ling b> and stages are established, the palpable selfish designs of the British, in dis- continuing the mopping of their Vera Cruz steam- ers at Mobile and Havana, (while they stop at Ja- maica and Thomas,) viz.: to prevent Mexicans, and Mexican specie, and Mexican trade, from going to the United States, or to Cuba, or elsewhere, ex- cept to British markets, will be circumvented. ‘aptain Templeton, of New Orleans, was seck- ing, at the late session of your Congress, to get some aid from the United States for steamers from New Orleans to Vera Cruz, but we have not heard here certainly whether he succeeded in his project. Mr. Ramsey, I learn, will not probably carry out his mail project through this country from Vera Cruz to the Pacific. If the lines of steamers were established as suggested, probably several stages would be forth- with put into operation, and, by rivalry, secure rea- sonable betel age to the public, and they would have a great deal of custom. Nay, 1 do not doubt that such lines of steamers would soon cause the construction of a railroad across this Re- public from Vera Cruz or Tampico to some port or point on the Western coast. This rail- road would go through the most populous regions of Mexico, and where is found her richest agricul- tural and mineral resources. Such work would open to Mexico inexhaustible and inappreciable sources of wealth, and strength, and prosperity. In- yaluable facilities would be created for the safe, and expedittous, and cheap transportation of the rich products of this country to the Gulf and Pacific ports. Her people would be given a stimulant as to every kind of industrial pursuit that would be immensely beneficial to the nation. Intelligence would be disused. Property would be enhanced in value, and labor in price, threefold. Mexico has been blessed by Providence above every country | have seen, in climaze, soil, and natural resources of every character. She has mountains, and valleys, and plains, riversand lakes, and ports and harbors. All she needs is a good government, and well administered. Her destiny 18, 1 have no doubt, as proud and glorious as that of my own brane B ¢ establishment of such American line of steamers is one of the means by which, as certain as the visit of death to all things on earth, in less than half a century the city of New York will be- come the commercial emporium of the world! No one who reflects on the signs of the times—who looks at her position and resources, can doubt that she is destined to supplant London as the great cen- tral point of ecommerce for the whole globe. Her trade will exeved threefold all that Londoncouldever boast. Tyre, of ancient days, Venice, “4 Genoa, Lisbon, and the Hague, were cach such emporium; but London, when Great Britain ac- quired the suy y of the seas, after the defeat of the Spanish Armada, in the reign of (uecn Bess, became the foous, and has continued so ever since. It is her inevitable destiny to give way te the city of Manhattan. She is bound to yield. Hereafter, in all future time, the utmost extent of her ambi- tion will be to ha world’s fair once every de- cade in Hyde Park, and she will become a city of tavern and boarding house keepers, for the for- eigners who attend it. It is so written in the book of fate, and the decree cannot be changed or altered. Amen! Selah! You will pardon me if I here digress, a few mo- ments, to suggest a theory | have long maintained, in order to show its applicability to the United States and Mexico. 1 believe in the coming of the millenium. But he who sw that er come as if by a miracle—that it is not to be —the natural result of events moral, ph; gious, and political, which will oceur se ular suceestion, and all tending to such result, must Vory superstitious blockhead, All that has oc- ew in this country are but links in the chain of circumstances which Divine wisdom has deereod should take place, leading to the millenium. I re- gard the diseovery and settlement of America—the rebellion amd independence of the United Siates— the opening of the African slave trade—its aboli- lition, and the civilization and christianization of the African negroes, by means of the enlightened slaves, and emancipécs and their descendants, in the British and American colonics in Atrica—the an- nexation of Texas—the progress of republican prin- eiples—the acts of despot n Europe within the lust twenty years inciting emigration to America— the British ast India and Chi onquests—and the acquisition by the United alifornia— all, as events, the grand ultimate result and effect of which, in my judgment, be the union of all nations into one, as foretold in Scripture. It is the s republican consti- leration whore sole ob- peace on earth, and good will ameng all mankind.” 1; will have free trade, no banks, few taxes, no army or navy, and will be composed of every State on the globe; and its grand Will probably be at Washington, New ot Jerusalem. | am not certain that annexation” to the United Sta i not one mean devised to effect such end. Lalf a cen- tury hense, Great in and Ireland may each becom tof us; and eertainly island would make quite a respectable St "be Canadas will be of as sooner, a neluding Hayti. L feel e ye ben I reflect that m Mexico are to be the ¢ bearers in this divine conq zest of the despotisms the world, and the consummation of the glorious scheme for the redemption of man. Mexico is no unworthy adjunct to us. She has earned the distine- tion destiny accords to her by much tribulation and suffcring. She has been, as were our ancestors, trod- den down beneath the heel of the oppressor. Sho threw off, as they did, the chains that bound them, and won her freedom.” Mexico shows the same title to the possession of republican liberty that we do. But she has since been distracted by the wnprinci pled factions of unprineipled military ebieftains and political dewagogues. She has had her Arnolds and her Burrs. She has been despoiled, and plun- dered, and outraged; and yet, from the time of the land pirate Cortez and the Inca Montezuma, rhe has encountered and borne all her misfortunes with acity of endurance almost unequalled in his- it seems as if ber sufferings have been, in the end, but stimulants to renewed oxertions for freedom, and increased efforts to sus'ain the great princigles of civil and political liberty. You may depend upon it, “Y. Mexico” is med and to 5 It is rallying nde er the and it is determined it of Progress here shell not be stifited It will ne longer suffer Ly te ie to linger Bations in the mare! the ia political, moval, and physical improvement. Det I shall comtinue m, mito here for somo weeks, as it will wid me in Xvainteg the most reliable in- chemaey ys Spenish wt re. _ smatter Germ: an as of being « New York Yankee, bull can: ject will be ‘to promo: the process of ‘not excape bei vered after tho fy Con vena ny epistles, reaches Vora Crus and this Thali not ty the eountey? ‘Thar avelded our lo country. ve av our tion here, thou I have letters to the Minister and Secretary. minister has not been here for seme time. I found that 1 could best without ki them, or their knowing mo. I hateod atid moor Sy aguelige aqverpeaieet meter ol m an of the Alern ; whigh, by the byey t holdy of the two is decidedly the most useful 0- employ . poner sre“ Tcan speak out asl think right for or against any one—and dtplomats, even when the. have sufficient sense and honesty to tell the truth, are tongue-tied by what is called * official proprioty.”” MANHATTAN. Newspaper Accounts. {From the New One Picayune, April 8) Since our last, the brig Snion, Capt. Radovich, has arrived from Vera Cruz, with dates to the 27th ultimo, and the schooner Ceepeant ont. Trenis, from Tampico, with journals from that city of the same date. We have files of papors from the city of Mexico three days later than before re- ceived, with several letters from our correspondents. From our letters and papers we make up the follow- ing intelligence :— well informed American resident of Mexico, under date of the 22d March, writes us that the vernment will soon be in the greatest distress. ‘he American indemnity money was nearly spent, and where a further supply was to come from, no one knew. ‘The custom houses were producing less and less every On the 15th March there should have been ,000 in cash in the treasury some how or other; but instead of that, a deficiency of $2,600,000 turned up. same writer says that the present Minister of Finance in Mexico does not know what he is about. At present he has a grand project in his head to in- duce Congress to give back to the Vera Cruz Ruail- road Company the 6} per cent duties invested in the company, and in order to gain this object, the members of Congress will be tempted with the plan of a railroad to Acapulco. ‘The present road lead- ing out of Vera Cruz, only two miles long, has already swallowed som ions of dollars, say all the 6§ e i portsfor the last eight the minister holds the ‘lway as far as Medellin. The people of Vera Cruz are decidedly hostile to the Tehuantepec road, so much so that they were about to protest against it at the capital. “It was thought, however, their protest would be of no avail. ‘The inhabitant departure of Tampico appear to regret the La Vega, who had started for Yucatan. yuntamiento paid him , great honors previous to his departure. A company has been tormed at the city of Mexico to work the ‘sulphur mines of Popoeatepetl. The s id to be raging to analarm- ing © sof Aguas Calientas and Morel: We see in El Monitor an that in Chihuahua there hb: between the Jesuits and 2 rrying on hostiliti rount, to the union ¢ ‘ox, with the obj against the government. The exelusive privil has been ted to Se- iano Ayilon and Vineeate K to navi- zate the and canals of the valley of Mexico for ten years, with steamboats. Some of the Mexican papers are advocating the necessity of closing such of the convents as have not the full number of inmates, and applying the funds raised to public instruc and to objects of benefi- cence and public utility, Interesting from New Mexico. INAUGURATION OF GOVERNOR JAMES S. CALIIOUN— HIS ADDRESS. [From the Santa Fe New Mexican, March 8.) Monday last being the day appointed for the inaugu- ration of Governor James S. Calhoun, the procession formed in front of his residence at half-past 11 o'el under the superintendence of Wm. MeGrorty, as Mar- shal, in the following order:— Music’ and escort of honor Theatrical and Musical, Bowrny Turatar.—The woe Sitlenal, of the et of “the iy the most enthusiastic wif te presented this evening “Meme tains the character of Cola de itienrl with Snuahtes, sessieen what she weliy Semone , Feceives w Tiel cot marks of tion. ae i ibn and good actor, Mr. Hl. E, Stevena. Kither ieces would, on an ordinary occasion, draw jouse, but when the two are presented on the same ing, we sl not be surprised if the house crowded. Broapway Trratnr.—The success of this establidk= ment is wonderful. V.very evening, the house is filled at an early hour, The spleudor of the seenery exceeds any- thing We have ever seen before. It must have cost @ large sum to present this plece in its unparalleled ficence; the interest nev itis kept up out, anon one imagines he seon all its some other gorgeous and dazzling feature is presented. The working of the machinery is excellent —the very good, and the dresses and decorations are superia— Acpunad In fine, the Vision of the Sun is the moat: bettie at spectacle we have ever bebeld, und will have the effect of repaying the manager for ten The entertainments will voomumence ith the ph “Till be your Second,” with an admirable cast. We ad- vise ull who are fond of spectacle to visit the Broadway theatre, “F FH iil aH Numto’s G —The programme for this ie very attract Nearly all the artists, French, Ki ill appear in their various acts, Mlle. Loyo, who is much admired for her graceful riding will exercise her dancing horse, which is nightly witnessed with delight. The brothers Loisset are exceedingly cle= ver, and will exhibit their great dexterity on horseback. saton Stone, the best and most daring rider in the world, will perform most of his surprising feats on bis bare buck steed, Mr. MeCullam, also « celebrated eques~ trian, belongs to this ¢roupe. ‘There is also another fea- ture of great interust, und that ia the equestrianism of Mile. Marie, whose classie riding is nightly rewarded by heers Benroy'’s Trrarky.—Nothing can exceed the populari- ty and great success of this establishment. Every night the house is crowded with highly respectable audiences, a Ino doubt, by the tiful pieces now belt ot namely :—The excellent comedy ud the adinirable piece called’ the paid particular attention laze,” and we poat- ‘The’ piece itself jor the various charac Lester is the gentles nas ythe lover, plage ; Burton is himself—the best cient, and gives a brilliant picture of woman's undying devotion, when once her heart is fairly aught, Johns- ton is an admirable ce actor, and Mrs, Russell is @ general favorite. The amusements close with the “Schood for Tigers.” Nationar THratne.—The entertainments at this popu- lar resort are, as usual, very attractive. ances will commence with the drama of * dows,” who appear in the leading parts, Messrs, Watkins, Fo: Favor, Dum, und Misa Mestayer, will be sure to what they every night receive, the hearty cheers of the Miss Malvina will wppear in # favorite dance, ents will proceed with the farce of s Miss Hathaway in five characters. xt play the overture to “+ M, nments will terminate with the fa~ Frisky Cobbler.” This bill is sure orchestra will and the entes yorite ballet of th to command a cre ded house, Brovenam’s Lyerv Governor J. 8. oun. acd ex-Governor Johu Muaroe. Hon, Chief Justice J. Houghton. Hon, Wugh ith, Secretary of the Territory, and Lon. Donaciano Vigil, ex-Seerctary of the Tevritory, ‘Territorial and county officers, Clergy and Bar, Committee of Arrangements, Officers of the Army, Citizens generally. Division of escort of honor. Arriving at the palace, the Governor delivered the fol- lowin eas, after which a salute was fired. und the Procession proceeded to the Catholic church, where a Te Deum was rung:— ADDRESS OF Fellow Citizens commences this di le own sons, and if wise and patrio- tic counsels prevail, a brilliant destiny awaits ner. Cir- cumstances bot anticipated im 1848, interposed a barrier to an early adjustment of questions associated with the well-being of the people of New Mexico, Fortunately for the happiness of mankind, the threatening aspect of clouds that lowered for a time. has vanished, and it is hoped will never again appear above the political bori- zon, Thanks, thanks, to an illustrious conjunction of rtatesmen, many of whom perilled their own political existence, that they might strangle discord and save the Union, Further, at this time, it is not my purpose to review the past, and commend to the consideration of all, the wise sentiment as recorded by the immortal Don Quixote:— * Let the dead go to the bier, Our business is with the fut In the great and unprecedented struggle to which I have adverted, New Mexico stood prominently conspicu- ous, and the law which accords to us aterritorial go- js one of the most important results growing contest. The constitution, and all the laws ed States, which are not iocally inapplicable, are extended over New Mexico, ‘The territorial govern: ment is now to be put in operation, The distinguished peony be meng all the people of the sovereign States and territeries, Millard Fillmore, by and with the ad- vice and consent of the Senate of the United States, has been pleased to confer upou the humble individual who stands before you, the oftice of Governor of N and my duties are briefly defined in the th the territorial law. in the following word “The Governor shall reside within said Territory. shall be Commander-in-chief of the Militia thereof, shall per- form the duties and receive the emoluments of Superin- tendent of Indien affairs, and shall approve wll laws pasted by the Legislative Assembly before they shall take effect; he may grant pardons for olfenees against the laws of said territory ‘and reprieves for offences against the laws of the United States, until the decision of the Presi- dent ean be made known con; he sball commission all cfflcers who shall be appointed to office under the laws of the raid territory, and shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed.” Tam also required to cause a census or enumeration of the inbubitants of the s counties to be taken—to district the territory and to give to cach section a repre- sentation in the ratio of its population, as near as may be (Indians excepted), Further, it is my duty to order eleetions for thirteen my of Counetl, twenty-six members for the House of Representatives. and a Delegate to Congress, These, and various other duties are im- pored on me by the law, such a* appointing and commis- sioning certain offieials previous to the smeeting of the first Legislature for this territory; and these duties I shall dircharge with all prudent dispateh. It is wy purpose ery duty with the fidelity which an ho firmly and impar- tially, but soberly and disereetiy, to the end that in your transition from a singularly constituted govern ° hitherte unknown to the “manners of the Limes, dependent upon your own wisdom for euch kaws ax may secure your happiness sod prosperity, and upon your firmness and patriotism for their due enforcement, that there may be no discordant jarrings to disturb the or the passions of meu, Removals must oecur, - eancies must be filled, and these shall be fearlessly ac- complished, in the manner authorized by law. | trust, however, that I may have occasion to remove but fow: and it is my unalterable purpose to hold the scales of justice with an impartial hand, and to observe, in all & proper moderation and property im this territory © my earliest consideration. purmulte call aloud for pro- Wer Fesources mist be acew- \d the living to good cheer.” ne * the hearty co-opera- tion of every honest mind within her borders, The ut- | most of my powers shall be exercised at all times, and in | all places, to seeure these grand purposes On a future 06 . I shall, if permitted by that God, | who watebes over us and orders all things aright, lay | before the Legislative Assembly such further views and recommendations as I may think will advance and pro- mote the general Ip conclusion, my f . I call upon every moan in this his mother—every one who bas an abiding affection for bis wife, his daughter, his sister, each and every one who loves his country, and desires its elevation in a christian point of view. as well as in the graw te tiny, to wid ative part in attaining the glorious obje ust, we justly axpire, And may the God of all wisdem, of all truth, of all justice, amd of all merey, guide us in the way we should go, Fire 1x Boston.—This morning fire was di ed between the bookbindery of K. M. Cope and the warcreom of Dutton & Wentworth, in the fourth story of 37 Cougress street, and before it could be cheeked the entire contents of both apart- ments were entirely destroyed. ‘The origin of the fire is not known. ‘The stock in the wareroom, in- eluding several State documents, were entirely de- stroyed. Among them ® part of the edition of the Annual Rail Reports, Report of the Commis- sioners on the harbor of Boston, the Annual Ke- port of the Agricultural Societies of Mas<achnsetts, a volume of about 500 pages, 2500 copies, (this last is Cpa Lf htt tel and a a of mall documents com: ind ot hers part! int- cd. Tho State ove Ms. were all Eve. ‘The standing presses in the wareroom and the press es tools in the bindery were saved ina damaged etate. The loss in sheet stock was very heavy, pac ticularly in State documents, whieh will have to be reprinted. The building was owned by Col, Thos. HL. Perkins; and is insured at the Union Mutual office, for $4000, which will morc than cover the loss. Mr, Copeland had no insurance on his stock, ard the loss to several of his customers will be very heavy. Dutton & Wentworth were insured at the Merchants’ office for $15,000. Their loss can- not yet be ascertained. Viliam Pearce, plumber, and '« restaurant, were somewhat dam: by water, but they will not hoe yed in their business after to-day.— Boston cvipt, Apri V5. ee iiaee A proclamation has been issued summoning the Cana- dian Partiament to meet on the 2th of May," for des. patch of bustngss,” —If untiring industry, a and tact combined, can command success, ine the most brilliant results should be expected from the un~ wearying efforts of the manager to cater for the ogg nexceptionable amusement of his patrons. Ne Weel sea without the production of some bye Tonight the perfermances commence with the “S of Air,” which will be followed by La Sicilienne, Mademoiselle Ducy Rorre and Mr, Smith. The ne: feature will be a new comedietta, entitled “That taiasa~ Capt. Cutter.” A favorite Pas Seul, by Mademoinelle \e Signor Lorini will sing the celebrated scemm “Spirits Gentle.” F. Griebel will perform a fantasia ow the violin; and the entertainments will conclude with the grand burlesque of the “World's Fair.” This is @ bill of great attraction; but when it is known that the recetpts are for the benefit of Mrs. Brougham, an admi- rable actress and a general favorite, we need searoely sag the house will be crammed. Crnisry's Minsruts.—Splendid and varied entertain- ments are offered thts wening by the above celebrated and criginal band of Ethiopian performers, chiefly of the best songs, tiga, quartettes, inetremeweat pieces, dancing, and witty sayings, The same bountifab tide of suecess follows these unrivalled performers, Strangers now in the city can enjoy a very pleasant eve~ ning by visiting Mechanics’ Hall, Vertows’ Mixsturis.—This talented and unrivalled band of negro performers are nightly gaining more im public estimation. The programme for to-night is ex- ceedingly attractive. The songs are given with great. harmony, and the instrumental performances are exe- cuted with strict precision, Burlesque opera, dancing and witty sayings,enliven the amusements of the eveuing. Success to the proprietors. Hoxx axp Wirre’s Mixerrets appear every evening at the Coliseum. They are a very talented company, and offer « programme. consisting of ome of the most select and amuring songs, instrumental pieces, dancing and burlerques. Banvem's Musecot.—With perseverance and assiduity” this popular resort of amusement has been made one of the most prosperous places in the country, This after~ noon, two fine pieces, “His Last Legs” and © Wanders ing Minstrels.” Morton's great play of “All that Glit- ters is not Gold” will be Produced thle evening, Tho n by Miss Chapun nt he surpassed by any Mr, Clarks tephen jy pe e ict from the most se~ Fail not to see this domestic production. Boweny.—The performances at this © attract delighted crowds, and e Tecently been introduced are re- monstrations of favor, Mr. Lava- equilibrist, and Mr, MeFi vaulter, are expecial favorites, while the riding ited andeffective. The performanees com- iece of ~ Billy Button,’* ype our word for itt ex doubly for the time and trouble in doing so. They give sixteenth concert this evening at Hope Chapel. Graxp Conceny.—Mr, Vincent Wallace, the great com- wusical entertainment at Trij ching next; ni from the splemdlsustoed ted, together with: he intingeicand chevemey r his great musical eelenee, we predict pies # wel of Mr Wallac: that one of the most select and fashionable audiences ever seen within the walls of this famous congert room, will appear there that evening. Mr, Ossian KE. 0 of Boston, who, it will be reeot- lected, paid $025 to hear Jenny Lind in that eity. arrived in town yesterday, and took rooms at the Irving House. We understand he has engaged Tripler Hall for Cuesday evening, the 29th of this month. Pasonasa ov rie Precniw's Procars.—The above im structive painting can be ceen nightly at Washi Hall. It ts weless for us to enter into comment the above panorama. as the erowds who nightly throng the hall, i sufficient testimony of its merits, Posonama ov Invtaxn.—Thic evening is set apart for the benefit of the tek nted lecturer, Dr, ‘Those who have not yet reen the above beautiful painting, cam enjoy «rich treat by vieiting the Minerva Rooms this evening Court of Common Pleas, Decision by Hon, Judge Ingraham. > Cihtiorn and Henry before the Court om made by the defend@- ss the case for want of jurisdiction, ision this day, Ie said the ob- aken hy the defendant to the Jurisdiction of the is well founded. ‘The deposition shows that ‘ann, Whose residence originally was in Albany, was, at the (ime of the «wit, a resident of New Granada, where be had b for some time, dfe could not, therefore, have berm served with process; and not being s residemt, of this county, this court had no jurisdiction of the ease. ‘Lhe thirty-third seetion of the code limite the jurisdie- tion of the court to all cases in which the defendants all reside, or are personally served with the eummons, with- om the city ot New York; and by the 148th section, + bjcetion may be made, although the same is not takem sither by demurrer or answer. In this ease, the plain- ffs hae shown. wi establish @ of jurisdic ver Lon that seeownt etion inust be diem Court of Appeals. Before a full Bench. Avni 16. Nos. 30, 40, and 41, three cases alilee, Lert Y. Grant, reeponder lant. This wae appeal on to recover the third instalment on a certain article o€ agreement, in which the plaintiff claimed that there wae due from the defendant the sum of $2 from the first of April, 1846. the ground that the plaintiff did not faifl the covenant on his part; that he refused to give a deed of the preani~ ses for which the indebtedness of the defendant arose, and which he had «greed todo. The action was tried im Sullivan county, in October, 1849, and comes before the Court of Appesls on @ bill of exeey ; The Hon, semuel Foot, the newly appointed in the room of Judge Bronson, resigned, has taken his seat on the bench, Tut: Crrvassrs iy Tire Misstssert Riven.—Pas- sengers who arrived hero yeste mort melnncholy accounts of low- lands, expecially from the mouth of Rivee downward. There aro at least fourteen between that point and the low country seems so crevasses in in Pointe Coupee comet ie Str ce sto; . these is below Fisher's — Its —_ 4 It has inundated all the plantations Fordoche, between which and the travelling is now done in skiff’. wholly, and Plaquemineis nearly, under Bayou Sara, the water is running over levee. Colonel Spear is at Lig Sr but not enceceded yet.—Nae Orlemms Crescent, About twenty ceniers, with 100.000 seals, had returne®, greamhy Ige to St Jobae, 8. F, preriows G0 ARC L