The New York Herald Newspaper, March 18, 1851, Page 6

Instead of being the wronged, she hervelf in the on jects. She drives e one are hichey Be a ant violate a great law ; but must fall into Tanks , and harmonize with its action. Not by ¢ will she be permitted permanently to de- range the order of its march Andwhy! Because the arm are witherin, treasury coptaine contains 40,000. m to that yet Ohare for- She, too, cannot sinews of the military Im August, 1850, the Cuban me million of dollars. In January, 1851, the rec were $120,000 leas than in the month of 850. Spain is in debt eighty millions. 7 et demand twenty millions, which are not in her treasury, after towns have paid their contributions for two years in advance at the point of the bayo- hy were the proctamations of the brave , Whom Spanish soldiers believe the invineci- | ble bearer into battle of a charmed life, found ‘up within the walls of the Havana garrisons? hy did the Govervor of Matanzas resign, after bis troops had refused to march against Lopez? Why does a Spanish officer, who could pass in Spain twelve hours on horseback unfatigued, now «|! frem the exertion and exposure to the sun of 01 wasi.that when the order was given, » to the troops in the cars, **Lot 0 response met the ear, but asol- | dier’s taking off his knapsack with the ejaculation, | <*I nad rather be a pirate than wear this!” Why dees Intendente, whose great wealth is invested out of the island, threaten to | throw up his commirsion with the remark—* when T cannot, whocan'’ These are significant facts; yes, significant questions, and | could answer them, The military arm alone will not secure the pos- seesion of Cuba to Spain. When in the course of | a quantity of Bibles. Upon tneir arrival they were the progrees of ideas—and no government, nor any amount of troops and cannon can stay the aerial Aight of immortal thought—when it shall come to be felt in the hearts of the masses and of the 0 0 sessors of the wealth of the Cubans, that the time | to a Junta, who shail, in quality of a censorship, has arrived when forbearance ceases to be a vir- tue, and that the majority are qualified for self | government, lo! her dominion will have passed | away forever in this islund. profit by the present opportunities, and revive ex- ring lcyalty, if she would rivet the island gem to er crown by the boud of mutual affection and ia- terest, the only bond that endures, only one consistent with the spirit of eterna! pro- | posed, on leaving Hav live the Queen, Villanueve, the able It behooves Spain to ecause it is the eas. othe hour for successful revolution (successful in iw complete results) has not struck. ‘merous are the petty tyrannies, 80 enormous the heavy oppressions felt here, so much in the spirit of treatment of those he calls “* Christian Spanish treaiment to the Cubans, if we are to believe them, that, galled beyond endurance, | { should not be surprised, much as | should de- | precate it, and much as [ doubt its probability, if a revolution were to burst forth, before this year we meny moons older. it @ finger 18 even now being placed on the pulse test the question of her disposition dge the independence of this island. en 1 is now with Pal- us England, will she 3 he | taken in order te test the question of the propriety its | of the importation, in order to call the law into ex- upom that institution, in eradicating which | iz'ence; and until the Junta had taken the subject And into consideration, and passed their judgment upon independ- | the case, the importation was not contraband nor ence would ere long be followed by negotiations for | illegal. Their decision put the seal upon the law, his would net | and thereafter only did it have an existence. The > mmation” by her ‘devoutly to be | shipment was made in good faith, innocent of wished.’ She would prefer seeing Cuba attache E: to Spain on a more liberal footing than that now | manifest, and by the consignee for importation. existing. Will her anxiety to prevent the annex tion smother the inconsistency of slavery, and duce ber to seek a treaty acknowledging an ind dence that should not, while quitting Spain, ite steps towards the United States, but pledged to remain alike independent of both, stand E Will Spain wisely seek the commercial ennexation of Cuba with the United States, that may secure her own continued political connection with Cuba, or will she delay uatil that political connection is burst asunder ? [t has been indicated why annexation of Cuba to the ' nited States may not at present be indeed, on all accounts to at thiamoment. [ believe there are also indica- tions why the present state of things cannot to a condensation 1 have stated that the costof slave and, in consequence of the excess of demand over the increase of supply, is increasing. I have thadowed forth in my third letter the pos- of the milch cow drying the al lant supply of milk, and worthless to Spain, or being driven into revolt, in either of which cases Spain loses the island. The increase in the cost of labor here must continue, save only in the even! of one or two contingencies the importation of slaves trom Africa, (i.¢ the slave trade), or annexatioa to tbe United States. yain has wiaked at for two reasoas. the acoutetlion of a numerical power by } blacks, and when- It is not improbable it is probable that an merston to that end. commit the inconsistency of acknowledgin; independence of the new republic, wit has destroyed her own England is too well aware that Cub: the creole whites over the ever there appears to be a preponderance of the former, it seeks to promote the iacrease of the Spuin’s policy sees in the slave population a rod to be held in terrorem over their masters, a fear of a force that, in the event of rebel- lion, might rise in Haytien scenes the importation of slaves, because the cost of slave labor beg reduced, the pro‘its om the staple productions were inc’ eased, enabled to exact a larger am trom the producers. vive the slave trade why this is s0 stand feady to answer the to the planting inte provided the means that | have before indic got employed—the adoption of a black population. And Spain has at of contributions tia’s will cannot re- We all know annexation alone seem: to freer commercial is freer trade with the | lution or by purchase, must en ! or political an # weil remembered that the latter ne xetion; and i would ine!ude the forn If ehe refuse th time—either when uy letter shall strike, or p the United Sie merely a question of fin my fourth sell the island to the cost of labor in- creasing that it is in coutemplatioa to substitute he manufacture of segara. me, not for revolution, not for political annexation, but for commercial freedom and biberal px 1 about to strike- price of lebor. female tor male ‘al concessions he hour for the others is ye Pat the hands of prog versing the dial of time, and it will n Spain to fold her arms and sink t whe cannon of th governmeut may the unfitness of the governed overnors— they comi slumber beside abused through z short of being educated adaptation of rovernment te nited S:ates visit- ing this island, must teach him that t ecarcely adapted yet to the free mitted at this moment in tron of Cuba wo much annoyance, noyance, a8 would ser that might accrue from the acjnieit But time, and com nitea States as black and whie, sly diminish the beaefi 'y for, the more intimate aad trou’ ea! annexation that ing the woking dreams of many « sides of the ( y wiedom to avail herself, preetical! tunity for laying the epirit of revolution that, spectre, ia haunting her at thie me lew 3 NOW theoreti a. Mareh 4, 1551 The Necessity for a Commercial the Uniter. States and Spam—The Want of Re- spect for the Amerwan Government—The letter of Domciliation— Bidding for the Renegade and Perjerer — Imposition wpon ti) © Society—Uerarrantab!e Impomtions wpe Amertcam Commerce —Spanish Vessels Fishing a American Waters—The Frosh Navona Renewed — The New Touching pointediy the interests of Amerfcaa commerce, @ very short cannot fal to teach every citizen of the United s the necessity that exists for a commercia) treaty between the two governments, that shall fruerectee to Americans immunity from numerous im ositions that Aay Kuropean now aggrieve however small, is held in greater awe than the United States, and Ccitizen~ are more respected than The case { mentioned the rights of it thoee of American citizen a former letter, wherein the ¢ sromptly puaished the raived his gua he American man knew too well, by past observation, how small was his chance for redress if sought through Having a right to his representation through the Americone here feel insecure, otected, and, when it is poswibl themeelves of a fore themselves under the protection of their mother ie so, he made conscious that they The requir: ment, to which i aR , is an instance of despotism and illiberelity that the Grand Turk scorns to practise. it, who is a Prot en; in business here unless nounces his religion, and changes that belief. ‘This illiberality is entirely incon=istent with the spirit of those commercial treaties that should exist between the United States and other and especially as regards a near neighbor, with whom the commercial intercourse is 80 valuable ead intimate. You may be told that the govern- ment permits another person, an agent, whose business it is to procure permits of all sorts, mium for immorality and crime. of good: of might among the governed. on the manifest, and were duly entered for im- portation by the coasignee. The law in force here declares that ‘certain books” are contraband, and requires that all books imported be submitted | decide whether the books submitted are admissi- ble. Here the law ceases its expression. No pro- hibition is specified or defined by the law, and no penalty imposed. The Bibles above referred to were passed upon, and declared to come within the category of “certain books ;” a double duty was imposed, apparently one for importation, and an- | other laid on for exportation ; a fine wae also im- |, asit would seem, for violating the law in introducing prohibited books, and then they were offered to the consignee for reshipment out of the country. He,on advice of the Americana Coneul, abandoned them, rather than pay a larger sum than the original cost of the books. the commercial interests of the United States, calling for the interference of that government. If the published laws of Spain, accessible to the com- mercial men of the United States, had existed, de- claring the above conditions and penalties, the lia- bility would have been wilfu'ly incurred, and the penalty merited. As such was not the case, and uo prohibition nor penalty was defined, no law pro- hibiting the importation of those booke up to the point of their entry at the custom: house, was in ex- istence, and the steps up to that point had to be wrong, the Bibles being openly entered on the Under these circumstances, all that could have been required of the constgnee, was that he reship the Bibles at once to the owners, payiag such land- ing and storage charges as might re been in- curred. The imposition of what may be classified a import duty, an export duty, and a fine, were illegal, unjust, and arbitrary he en They violated the commercial rights ot the United States, robbed her citizens, and insulted her treaties. In the recent case of a seizure of a lot of bibles | ehipped to the Azores, from England, and on their arrival confiscated by the Portuguese authorities, the English government were prompt and deter- mined in demanding reparation for the injury done to the interests of English subjects. The port charges here are burdensome upon our commerce. A vessel of less than 150 tons pat into the port of Havana, a few di since, merely to take the owner on board, hen proceeded to her port of destination (Cardenas), and was oblig- ed to pay about one hundred and twenty dollars charges at this port. (ne item was $40 for the uba becoming mud boat. The Isla de Cuba, a New York packet to the port of Havana, of less t! 300 tons bur- then, pays, every time she enters this harbor, sixty collars for this item of ‘mud boat.” This mud boat, profeseedly kept here for the purpoze of cleaning the bottom of the harbor, has lain, for | Meaths past, unused, under the wails of the Cuba- no, and it is apparent that the thing is merely an ingenious contrivance for the purpose of extortiag money at the ex; ense of commerce. Not long siace, the vessel named above was caught in this harbor ina norther, and being without ballast, the ceptain deemed it imprudent to he longer in that eon- dition. He at once took in the necessary amount. But pounce dowa upon him comes an officer with e bill of charges—$50 fine for taking in ballast without having procur permit to do 80; $50 for taking itin af-erdark; and $50 for not taking it in out in the bay! Numerous laws, regulations, and restrictions ere made aud imposed seemingly thit poof may (a8 it is quite impossible to avoir!) be broken, end afford an excuse for the imposition of a fine—the extortion of money Another metter calls for the attention of our go- vernment. Fishing sloops are built at the North and sent out with American papers to Key West After fishing there they run over to Hivava Hoisting the Spanish flag, they are received as the fishing boate of the goveroment monopolist of the market here. On returning to Key West, ere recognized as the vessels th from the north as American ves and are supposed to be so still, If they do not beiong to him, they are employed in the service of, and for the profit of the Spanish monopolist here, who, by means of the monopoly he enjoys, exac forty thousand doilarsa year from the consumers of fish of Havana—of fieh, the poor man’s food—ot fish, en article of diet that all clagses mast largely ec me in a Catholic country. This monopolist is Lkely to be favored in the matter ot the admission into the harbor of those fishing boats that glide over from hey West, laden with hi stock, even if they be not his property, as they may here. Thus it is that Spanieh vessele, in t, are daily fishing vpon the coast, in the woters of the Ugited States, and diecharging thei monopolies. Will no American vessel of war hand up a few of theee tishing sloope, and see if they be sailing with American or Spanish papers, or if with none at all? Appr opos of the fish monopoly The term for which it wee grented is to expire ina yearortwo. Applica- tion wes made to the municipal authorities for a renewalof the monopoly. They decided to refuse it’ Nothing daunted, the enterprising monopolist turns his face toward Spain. ‘Tne result is shown in ap order from the government in Spain, direct- ing the municipal authorities here to meiotain in- action in this matter, as the government at Madrid, the (queen, would decide upon the question of a re-leuse of the monopoly. It is understood that the will be renewed. As you are aware, theatricals and long been monopolized. Creoles and d, and obtained, after tedivus application, from the Spenwh goveroment, permi: enother theatre. There is talk of la ein the Campo Marte, on the ti in General, some day this month. government here are on the yui vire, and much alarmed with fears of an invasion. They have four er five sail, inelucing frigates, steamers and gun brigs, in port here atthis time, and a larger force cruising outside. Yesterday morning, tne Pizarro sver mer of war lef. the harbor, and yeater even a continuous and heavy cannonading, which ag the corner irthday of the ri i activing for navel fightiog going on outside the arbor. Rumors are rife of an expedition orgen- ning, and soon to appear from some quarter, said to be St. Domingo, by some rumor runnera he Union Movement—Mr. Ketchum's Spece We give to day Mr. Ketchum’s speech, delivered at the dinner iv New York in honor of Washing- ten’s Duthday, ae prepared by himaelf for publica tion. We commend it to the perusal of ail, those especially who desire to know what part the city of New \ ork enacted in forming the constitution of he United States, and to those also who would know the true position occupied by the Union Safety Commitire RST REGULAR b othe man— the hearts of bis . Ketonem, Eaq., rem; 4 follows :— RSIEENT AND Gentiemen—Refore spond to the sentiment proposed, allow me to ¢ press my own grateful acknowledgements, a those of every New Yorker now present, to the Mayor and Common Couneil of thie city, for hav ing recommended and made provision for celebra tng th » in a Manner Worthy of the city of Sew t York 8 a day which ought to be celebrated throughout the land, m the Atlantic to the Pa. cific, sad in all coming time. To coate dy the character of Washington, irs h course of life, his prrciples, and parting advice fo his country mea, the patriotiem of eve A mer, to se hie love ot ble » etren@ hen his atic tent of his eorotry And, grat Was there ever a tine whea ii was me than it isnow, thata'l Amerieiga shonids reh th ves atihe or Egten wae Mainty inate remmrel in mes te gee i: iniva | for a fee, to make the declaration and oath for | the applicant. What a man authorizes another to | affirm for him he affirms himeelf. The proxy pri- requiring the yrs force. That charge could be vyrne ii, except the well considered purpose of con- dition of the paper end a prospect of success. If he had afver the first battle, or the , or third, it would have been better that the blow at revolution never been struck. Even after peace was declared, and the mother country had acknowledged the independ- ence of the colonies, if we had not succeeded in ——’ overament which would have se- cured the blessings of liberty and order, the revo- lution would have been a failure—it would have been worse than a failure; because the sacrifices that the war occasioned, and the blood that had been spilt, would have mage it a public calamity. These considerations preseated themselves to the mind of Washington. Here permit me to remark, incidentally, on oae point in the character of Wash- ington. He had determined, upon grave considera- viege merely offers a loop hole, through which one might squeeze a conscience that would hesitate boldly to advance to the charge, this, lest many might withdraw, and the government not receive the large fee that is charged for a letter of domici- lation. Opening a roundabout way toward the same end of renegadeism and perjury, this, on the part of the government, is nothi leas in effect than bidding high for perjury, and offering a pre- This illustrates what [have before said of the biveyed of the laws bes being demoralizing, y a su ition of evil a non-expectation oe {ailing alw 8 to encourage Whatever bl} ‘he American Bible Society shipped to Havana tion, ta resist the government under which he was born; but he decided, at the same time, to render is allegiance to the revolutional overament. This government was new; it could claim nothiag on the ecore of antiquity. Yer Washington yielded his allegiance to it, and obeyed all its commands most etrictly—his principles, in this respect, are beautifully expressed by himself. In speaking of government and the duty of the citizen to it, he says—‘ respect for its authority, complance with its law, acquiesence in its measures, are duties en- joined by the fundamental maxims of true liberty.” (Applause.) Washington was impressed with the belief that, in order to carry out the revolution—to carry it out to its uliimate end—there must be a overnment established to secure liberty. You heard to-day, m the eloquent address delivered to you, his views on this subject. I will not recur to his expressions, but he was impressed with the idea that the revoiution would be utterly valueless unless a more partes Union was established. Now, let us turn for a moment to the first steps taken towards the establishment of that Union. The first meeting held on the subject, was a meet- ing of delegates from a few States held in Annapo- lus. But few States were represented in that con- vention; it was a convention to protect and advance the interests of trade and commerce. Here let me say,as 1 shall have occasion to show more fully hereafter, that the interests of trade and commerce first suggested the idea of a more perfect Union, and theee interests are the greatest conservative orin- ciples of the U: (Applause.) These delegates met in Annapolis in September, 1786. New York was represented by two delegatesfrom this city, aad they were Alexander Hamilton and I:gbert Benson. After u session of a few days Gating their numbers not sufficiently large, and their powers not suffici- ently extenelve, they determined to make a repre- eentation to the State which sent them and to Con- grees. A report was drawn up with great ability, which was the foundation of all subsequent proceed- ings, by Alexander Hamilton, of tho city of New York. Another convention, with enlarged powers, assembled at Philadelphia. "The several § tates were repreeented. I shall not now go over its proceed- ings—but you know that General Washington was hogen its Preeident. They sat with closed doors, cl from May to September, when they produced a draft of a constitution, which was ad - by the American people, and under wh we now live. (Applause.) As you, no doubt, know, it wae not the habit then for the speeches o! members to be reported and laid before the public, as is now done, the arguments in support of the variows provisions of the proposed constitution were not made known to the country, and therefore it became neceezary that it should be explained to the people to whom it was to be submitted for their adoption. To do this in an eflective manner required men of eminent abilities. They were found in the day of they were Alexander Hamilton, ‘8 Madison, and John Jay, two of them residents of the city of New York. (Applause.) I think, gentlemen, | am authorized to sav, that without the aid furnished by the city of New York, we should never have had our present constitution or Union. (Applause.) The next proceeding was to present this constitution to the several Siates for their adoption. Al them it was nted to New York; and here let me state a little of our domestic history. The State of New York was | would never be returned by the people agaia to any cargoes into Cubs, for the advantage of Sranieh | “om, treason. te breathe the thought of dissolu- lav'ed about an heur, gave indications of mach | and spoke as Ir represented in that convention by three delegate’, (wo from the interior, and one from the city. Be- fore the convention had terminated its proceedings, the two delegates trom the interior seceded, or in modern phraseology, they “ bolted,” and Alexan- der Hamilton alone, of the city of New York, signed the constitutioa. (Continued Applanse.) It became necessary that the State of New York should adopt the constitution. A convention was assentbled at Poughkeepsie, and the great majority of the members were oppored to the new coas‘itu- tion. But Alexander Hamilton, from the city of New York, was there, and by his influence, and ability, and patriouwm, exercised outside as well a3 inside the convention, he brought that majority to vote for the constitution, and the State of New York adopted it as it was proposed. Gentiemean, if the only way to test greutude to public benefactors Wes by erecting monuments to their memories, the city of New York ought to erect @ monument to Alexander Hemijton, which should pierce the skies, and every State in the Union should cravethe honor to assist m erecting that monument. ((Great ap- plause ) Thus, then, we see how the constitution was gine gies age atits ongin, and how it was gdopt- ed. | eee before me a gentleman whose appearance bere this evening will not allow me to pags over an anecdote which | am sure willinterest you. Ihave ‘m my eye a gentleman, honored by hus State, and honored by his country, who, though a young man, Wes prevent at the convention in Poughkeepsie, with his father, a member of that body. His father went there opposed to the constitution, but he saw reasoa to change bis ground. He was tald by his gee that it he voted for the constitution, he position under the government, aod his answer was, that he was in the habit of thinking belore he decided to act, and when he had made up his mind to do what be judged to be right, he did it in utter gard of consequences. He voted for the con- stitution. This was Samuel Jones, of Queena county. (Great applause.) He went home; he ined the matter to his constituents, and instead isapproving the course he pursued, they ap- vreved everything be had done. (Cheers.) Now, we have seen how the constitution was adopted, and by what means. Time has sioce rolled on; some sixty years have passed away, dur- ing which the constitution and the Union have been fruitful of blessings to the people beyona all prece- ent. Indeed, our country has presented a theatre of wonders. The attachment of the people to the Union is increased from year to year, until it was tion. The year 1850, however, arrived, and with tthe ‘ong session of Congress. Nine months of hat session were employed--in what! In dis- cussing @ most exciting subject, calculated, above ail others, to irritate the public mind. Speech efter epeech was made by the North egainst the Scuth, and by the South against the “orth, uaul t ot hortile etate of feeling prevailed, ex- ‘ling the ceepert anxiety, not to say alarm, he oldest and most trusted statesman in Congress, and bringing the country to the very verge of civil wer. It became necessary for the caecutive department of the government to inter- fere to adjust existing differences. They were , but barely adjusted, leaving a number 4 both houses of Congress deter- ew the controversy, and some, it is | ous of diseolving the on. At} this time the city of New York took the alarm ; 1 i; m was awakened, its business interes: roveed, and a numerous throng of citizens ¢ forward, without respect to former party inea of divieion, to stop the agitation ney sounded the note of alarm to the country, and it was responded to throughout the length and breadth of the Union. Bat, gentlemen, it is said | that this alarm was not neceseiry—that the Union | wes notindanger. ladeed! For what indications ehall we wait to give aa the alarm! We are told by the Father of his Coun whose birth we thie day celebrated, that we should “cherish a cordial, nabitual, and immovable attach- ment to the Union ; accuetoming ourselvesto thin and speak of it as of the palladium of our political safety and Pon gon Fs watching for its preservation with jealous anxiety; discountenanc. ine whatever may suggesteven a suspicion that { can, in any event, he abandoned, and indignant- iy frowning upon the first dawning of every at- tempt to alienate any portion of our country from the rest, or to enfeeble the sacred ties which now iak together the various parts.” Can any man be tnfal to thie advice who can quietly contemplate | of things in this country, where secession owed. and a determination to resist gly declared ! The \nion not in we wait foropen acts of treason in the existence of danger ! effort, such asthe citizens ft danger al yefore we will bel ail we make f w \ork have charged a committee ap- pointed by them with the duty of making--of endeavoring to revive the spirit among the whole weople of the country, in which the Union war formed and the constitution adopted? What i# this spirit? Not one of angry con- troversy atd bitter revilings, but one of concession, nd compromise, and harmony. True, it is diffi- cult_to find @ man who wil! not avow attachment to he Union, and repel, with warmth, a charge that dly to it, but many, very many living » Who profess this attachment, will ac- the expression of it by a biter tirade South and ite institutions; while ao greater umber at the South will indulge pgs end expressions towards the people Jan avy main b+ 80 weak as to eup f feelings of this kind are permirted to esse, wotil they pervaded large maasee | the peop the Union can be preserved | Oan | rstitation hold we together when the ed national feeling to die, aod all teroal regard between the inhabitants of different one Ot the county to depert? The idea is very hoor) ‘cat in order to a dissolution of oor Union ' iat compact drawn up and Hig Tb) Be pated @ , OF any equivalent cere- t oa thdzaw the ele machinery of this deceive ourselves; the re; angry constituents, embittered wit each other, may, results of umion are pro- 8 of a governmen! element of nat ved when that occurs. Let hatred against on any day, during an excited ‘ongtess, stop the wheels of ment, ind then where isthe Union? Gentlemen, the path of duty and safety is ATTERS OF INTEREST 0 CALIFORNIA, AR«S FOR THE STATE. SENATOR GWIN TO SECRETARY CONRAD Sgnate Cuamogr, Wasutnaron City, March 8, 1851 To rue Hon. C. M. Conran, Secretary of -The people of California are const ged in skirmishes with the Indiaa tribes in that ate, and the Governor is laboring under great | disadvantages for the want of arms, to equip the volunteers he is compelled to call out, these hostile movements of the Indians. causes well known to you, the State authorities have not been able to make a return of the militia force, which would entitle the State to her quota of arms from the government of the United Sta: | The organization of the militia, and return of the same to your department, will be made with all patch ; but, in the mean time, we are for the want of arms. request that an advance of arms be mide to the State, to meét the pressing necessities of the case ; to be charged in sceordance with the pro- visions of the law on the subject, when the organ- ization of the militia is complete. correct data upon which to found an esti: the number of persons subject to militia duty in California, but I am certain the pumber is not less than one hundred and fifty thousand, and you may safely assume this as the basia of t arme to the State 7 I would respectfully requeat,thi of arms to the State, should be three hundred of C consistantly do so, 1 should ymber to five hundred. They are admirably adapted to do effective service in the Indian wars With great Teepeety your o! Me. jain; let ustry to let us forbear angry con- and talk on topics which shail not excite ill blood. Nobody denies the legal right of diseusgion, but it is the part of wisdom to forbear the exercize of legal rights, when no good such exercise. Suppose troversy—let us thin! can be, accomplished b: that a man and his wife, bound most sacred of all unions, would e1 int of difference, say their r which they might sincerely ditfer—but ht every morning at the breakfast table, until they become excited and and how long do you think their union @ worth preserving ? ment, gentlemen, ie just in the high career of s have been extended, not itants of our own land, but to hundreds of thousands who have sought ite protection trom foreign countries, and found here prosperous and happy homes. If to the Pacifie ocean, and the Genius of American liberty, looking to Asia, invites her teeming millions to come and partake of the fruits of the government established by her. Union be broken up now ? Jet us resist the first dawnings of every attempt to destroy it. lies the cause of strife, the great stumblin, in the way of harmony; it is sai we have three millions of slaves. There are in this republic three millions of the de- Idin bondage. Africa is one of the oldest nations of the earth. She has had her opportunity of improvement and progress eqaal Since the commencement of Shristian era, what advancement has she made? Where on earth are there, at this mo- ment, three miilions of her sons as we! for, as far advanced in the arts of ci and in knowledge of the true religion, millions of slaves in the United State 1 am no justifier, no apologist of erwise. But have we not good reason to believe that the African, by a mysterious ine Providence, is to be in- structed in the great art of human government here, and hence to return to his own country, | and instruct her in civilization and Christianity ? However this may be, our duty is to let each State of the Union manage the inetitution of slave- ry in its own way. Let these States alone; we greatly err if we suppo men—men influenced by the epirit of Christianity— Let them alone—be patient—there are causes at work, the influence of which will prove irresistible, which cannot fail to bring about important results, without bloodshed, without in- curring the great peril of dissolving the Union. ie public opinion of mankia facilities of intercourse by railroads and canals— the superiority of free labor to slave labor, are among these causes—let them work, and I have not the shghtest doubt that Africa, not less than Europe end Asia, will have cause to rejoice in the united government of this country. Allow me, in conclusion, to say a word or two in re- spect to the position occupied by the committee, ua- der whose supervision the festivities of this day have been prepared. The motives which intluence the action of this committee have been criticised, and violently assailed. This was to be expecte The duty with which this committee is charged is correspondence, and otherwise, the the meeting held in this city onthe Ietober last, which are declared to be ** to revave and foster among the whole people of the the apirit in which the Union was constitution was adopt sist every attempt to alienate any portion of our coun- try from the rest, or toenfeeble the sacred ties which now link together the various parts.” The commit- tee has inno instance departed fromthe line of duty arly defined; that course it means to pursue Itis not our business so much to gue points of difference, asit is to awaken national citizens of opposin; gether as Americans If we are able to execute our own intentions, we shall stand on national ground. We are charged with being influenced by inte- rested motives, and this brin; t the character and objects of the business communi- ty of New York, composing, as it does, a large portion of the population of this metropolis. The busineas men of New York are virtually fac- tors, or agents—their principals, or constituents, are scattered all over the couatry, and compose no inconaiderable part of the whole effective popula- tion of the country. They represent the farmer the corn, &c., and those rucles; also the sellers, Jet them exercise this Our united gover Now, it has ex- | e advance of in the advance But—and here ‘True, we have. scendants of Africa COL. TALCOTY TO SECRETARY CONRAD. Orpnance DgeraRTMenT, ‘Wasurnaton, March 12, 1851. Secretary of War: Sir—I (which was referred to this office, the inability of the State authorities of to make the militia return required by law. and requesting an advance of arms from 1 States; to be charged to the State’s quota, when that return shall % thereto, 1 have to report, that a rej the President of the United 1 ), 1835, prohibiting any issue of arme, in advance, to States having none due them, under the law for arming the militia. regulation, may, of course, be suspended for any iculer case, when the circumstances may, in the judgment of the Secretary of War, just it. Asa general rule, ite effect d opinion, it should be maintained; but in view facts stated by Senator Gwin, and of the known condition of thingein California, I think its sus- pension in this cate would be proper. : The law for arming the militia requires the igsues to the States to be made in proportion to the number of “effective militia” in each. absence of a regular returr, that number cannot, of course, be accurately ascertained; but I think Senator Gwin’s estimate of 150,000 much too high; there are but three States in the Union, New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio, whose returns come up to that Dumber, and but two others, Virginia Maseachusetis, which return over 100,000. latter number would, I think, be a very nd computizg the State’s quota tl would amount to 667 muskets, and 673 their equivalent in any other kind of arma, and accoutrements; this equivalent in Colt’s would be 347 of those arms letter is returned herewith. obedient servant, Bvt Brig. Genl , Col of Ordnance SENATOR GWIN TO SECRETARY CONRAD. Wasuineton City, March 14, 1851. Dsar Sir—Having seen tue report of General Talcott, of the 12th inst, | respectfully reque: that there be transmitted to the Governor of fornia one hundred Colt’s pistols, two hundred , and the balance that may be advanced to in rifles. Y tice ble, |-should like for the pistols and a portion of the rifles to be sent across the Isthmus to meet the present pressing necessi- tate, Cag ak residue, by steamship, ‘ith great respect, W. Mt Hon. C. M. Conran, Secreiary of War. THE DECISION OF SECRETARY CONRAD. In view of the within report, and of the letter of the Hon. Mr. Gwin, herein enclosed, the Chief of the Ordnance Bureau, will, as soon as practicable, take measures to send to California the quota of arms to which that State is entitled, estimating the militia at 100,000 men, to ne hundred Colt’s pistols, two hundred mus- kets, and the remaiuder in rifles. it practicable, to be sent as requested in Mr. Gwin’ lever, and to be delivered to tne Governor of Cali- fornia on hie receipt Yet, gentleme: slavery—far ot dispensation of Di se that there are not in these States. the increased Senator Gwin’s strictly in future. feeling, to bri ‘views to act to- eround Cape Horn. 1 dient servant, me briefly to notice pumber of her eflectiv who grows the wheat, who manufacture the: purchasera and consumers of the same ton, timber, live stock, &c. Ke everybody knowsthe fact, and rejoices that it 1s 80, that interest prompts the N. South, and the East and Wes: hand, it is the interest of the South to trade with Nobody can doubt that if the Union is in danger, the business interest of the country is the first to dread the threatened disaster. The men who represent the business interes?s of the ceuntry ere those who would naturally first give the alarm in such an emergency. Their interest is to preserve the Union; equally is it the interest of the vast multitude they repreeent. address of Washington, he did not deem an appeal to the interests of his countrymen unworthy of him. The above arms, Now, I suppose ©. M. Conran, Secretary of War. War Department, March 14, 155). ADDRESS TO THE PEOPLE OF CALIFORNIA. Acknowledging the responsibility, in 1ts broadest sense, of @ representative to his con: nitude of the inter: @ Senator from California, the un- dersigned feels it due to you, and incumbent upen him, to lay before you a brief outline of the measures your welfare, which have been re- ‘aad acted upon in the capitol of the Soon after taking his seat in Con- gress, be introduced a bill to pay over to the State called our “ civil fund,” aad also all the moneys collected trom customs within her limits, from the ratification of the treaty with Mexico until the admission of the State into the That proposition was referred to the Com- mittee on Finance, and was not at first acted upon. At the last session of Congress, the committee re- ported in favor of striking out all of the undersigned’s bill, and of paying, in lieu of it, $300,000 to the State, of the moneys received from custome. committee were in favor of paying into the national treasury the whole “civil fund” of Califorma, amounting to about twelve hundred thousand dol- after deducting $175,000 for the support of the military government, and $100,000 for the retief of When this bili of the committee was under consideration, the undersign d made another effort to cause the payment of the whole fund the State, by offering for this purpose an additional section to it, which was rejected. the present, at least, the payment cf the $200,000 to the State, he pressed that measure, and the bill, with this proviso, passed the Senate, but was lost for the want of co-operation on the part of the House of Representatives: He considers it a flagrant outrage upon the peo- ple of Catiforoia that this “ eivil fund, long since been paid over to the State, stated from his seat inthe Senate, and in endeavor- ing to secure the $300,000, he did so, with the ex- pheit understanding, publicly declared, that he sureed to it only as in part payment of the just dues { the State, and that he would hereafter contend for the residue of that fund W.th the legislation of the firat cession of the last Congress you are familiar lic lence, various bills had been introduced by colleague of the undersigned and by himself. were not then finally acted upon; but the State was in obtaining legislation for light- 2, Indian agencies, coast survey, floating dry decks, and for the extension over her of the judicial system of the United States. At the tast session, Col. Fremont was unavoida- ed from his seat in the Senate, entation in that body consequently de- On account of the prolonged discussion upon lead el:ime in Califor- and the time which had thus been consumed, it Was with the greatest difficulty that other busi- neas connected with the State could be effectively reached, or, mdeed, even taken up. The Mint bill, which had paseed the Senate the firet session before the admission of California, was most unexpectedly defeated in the House. , upon, the undersigned immediately *e-introduced it in the Senate, and obtained a favorable repert from the Commiuttee on Finance. He also re-in' pening of the last seasion, hi in pared over at the first session, for estab- and for the eurvey and donation c iands, and succeeded in obtaining a favora- ble report upon it from the Commits After it had been fully disew fident were the hopes of its sxccess, t wroseed end put upon its passage for a final vote, when it was forced aside by a bill attachin, signable quality to bounty land warrants, the com- bination in support of which was too be resisted even by a bill of such signal nd, on the other these various sections. considering the to his charge, In the farewell | Cenuy agitate of Californie, what ** But these considerations, however they address themselves to your sensi greatly outweighed by those which apply more im- mediately to your interest our country finds the most commanding motives tor carefully guarding and preserving the union of the Here every portion of “The North, in an unrestrained intercourse with the South, protected by the equal laws of a common government, tinds, in the productioas of the latter, great additional resources of maris enterprise, and precious materials ‘The South, in the same intercourre, benefitting by the same agency of the sees its agriculture grow, and its commerce . Turning partly into seomen of the North, it finds gation invigorated; and, while it contributes in diflerent ways to nourish and increase the general macs of the national navigetion, it looks forward to the protection of 4 maritime strength, to which iteelf is unequally adapted. The Fast, in like in- tercourse with the West, already fiads in the pro- restive improvement of interior communications y jand and water, and will more and more find a valuable vent for the commodities which it brin from abroed, or manufectures at home West derives from the East supplies requisite to ils growth and comfort i f stil greater consequen secure enjoyment outlets for its own pri ot manufecturip, wn channels the ts particular navi- Then, to secure, uctions, to the weight, influence, and the future maritime strengh of the Atlantic side of the Union, direcied ny an indiseo- luble community of interest as one nation. other tenure by which the West can hold this essential advantage, whether derived from its own separate strength, or from an apostate and uanatural connection with any foreign power, most be intrinsically precarious “While, therefore, every feels an immediate and particular interest in uaion, all the parts combined cannot f united mass of means and eff g reater resources, proportionably wreater security from external dange’, a less frequent interrup'ion of their peace by foreign nations, and what ts of inea- timable value, they must derive from union an ex- | emption from those broils and wara between them- selves, which so frequentl: tries, not tied together which their own rivalship alone would to produce, but whic In relation to the pub- houses, custo! rt ofour country thus 1 to find in the *, greater strength, the undersigned afflict neighboring coun: opposite foreign alliances, at- tachment and intrigues, would stimulate and em- Hence, likewise, they will avoid the ne- 'y of those overgrown military establishment, , under any form of government, are inauspi- to liberty, end which areto be regarded o@ particularly hostile to republican liberty. senee itis, that your vnion ought to be considered in prop of your liberty, and that the love of the ore ought to endear to you the preservation Now, although we are not unaffected entirely by argumenta which address themeelves to our sensi needs own that those which ad- terests, and the bility, yet we mu dregs themeelves to ou of thoee for whom we act, have power to move us. In this we are doubtless far below our fellow citi- 0 yield themselves to the exciusive *on'trol of mere pbstract consideration aliem. Yet, as we would not di timente, we cannot claim the honor of standing oa the elevated platform wh'ch it has been their good fortune to reach ‘Then a etruggie ensued for the Mint bill, (which hed been engrossed and wason the eve of passage,) and for the appropriations for a navy y: marine hoepital the Seeretary of the Ti plete the marine hosp estimates from (he Secretary of the Navy had furnished, with @ strong recommendation in its favor, backed by an unanimow Comunittee on Naval Allaire, to commence a navy ord on the waters of the bay of San Francisco. here greataral vile! measures, signed preesed to the utmost ot his ability, were he'd in chec& by the river and barbor i ch proved fata d pure seatimen’= uise our teal sen- had heen obtained from sury for $200,000 to com- at San Franciaco Liat or Patents 1 Patent Oreice row tue Wree es asp peanine pare Manon LL, 1851 ot New York, NY Perry ©. Gardiner report from the For improvements in Perry @. Gardiner Fer improvement in machinery for malivg tyres by continvous rolling which the under- Themes P liow ent in connecting proved use of slides in and post route bilis, vil and diplomatic appropriation which was indispensable to keep the wheels of The river and harbor bill d nearly the whole of the last two days of It was detrimental to the beet interests of California, by postponing legiela- tion ofeuch vital consequence to her, aa ite pas indemnifying benefits; vors over the whole of my, Cheap poste Reweseiner D. Granger of A vernment in motion xpiring Congress J, Williams of Ut <iog wits had@\es Cdectalmet, Pep age would have bi tember i2 1860 for, whilat it exten - a the Atlantic coast, its rivers, harbors, inlets, and creeks—{t contained not a dollar oF i for the benefit of our State and 0; witha coast trade of two thousand miles, Te effectually precluded action on the Mint bill, the navy yard and hospital appropriations, all of which were’ lost fer want of time, even to read the amendments necessary ne pee eee eects en the civil and diplomatic appropriation dill came up for consideration, a few hours before the session expired, the chairman of the Committee on Finance was constantly warning the Senate that it would be lost if more amendments were proposed. And when the naval bill came before the Senate, appropriating ten millions of dollars, the chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs was on his feet ready to ofler an amendment appropriating $100,000 to commence a navy yard on the waters of the bay of San Francisco; but, in apprehension that the bill would be lozt, amendments were peremptorily stopped, and the bill not even read before its final passage But for these unpropitious circumstan the great measures adverted to would have pa: the Senate, and, it 1s believed, at the last session, would have become laws of the land. The thorough examination end discussion of them, however, and the general admission, ia and out of Congress, as to their importance and neces- sity, has cleared the way for early and efficient ie isiation at the next session. Besides the lawa juded to, which have been enacted for lighthouses, customs, Indian agencies, coast survey, and @ floating dry dock, and for the extension of the ted States judicial system, California, at the last session, succeeded in obtaining a reduction of postage on letters from forty cents to ix cents pre- id, and ten cents unpaid; a semi-monthly mail ‘rom Panama to California and Oregon; authority to make an eflicient contract to carry the mail across the Isthmus; and, by a treaty just ratified with Mexico, has secured ‘a mght of transit over the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Besides all these, she’ has ebtained an appropriation for the extension over her of the admirable public fand system of the United States, for the appointment of a Surveyor General, and also a law for the final adjudication of all the Jand tides within her limits. These enact- ments are of the highest importance to the State. The last twe will relieve he: from the preseat extraordinary and anomalous condition in which sie placed in regard to the lands within her umite. The public land eyatem, which will be putinmo- tion, will prepare the national domain for donation and purchase in convenient parcels. The surveys will divide the traots into areas of from 610: acres, down tothe minute forty acre subdivisioa, and place it in the power of every citizen to secure a fee sim- ple title, in the form of a patent, in his favor from. the United States government for the land he may select ag his home; whilst, on the other hand, the law for the adjustment of Jand titles, by ite sum+ mary provisions and requirements, will! bring to @ proper test, and forever settle within, » few years, every private jand title in California. The undersigned having paseed the greater per- tion of his life in States of the Union in which there were numerous French, Spanish, and British titles, is a living witness of the difficulties, distress, and litigation, superinduced by a slow, partial, im- perfect, and inconclusive system of settling these claims. They have been held in suspense over the ie lande, not merely for the average of human ife but, in numerous cases, for two and three times that period, and have kept valuable and important regions of country in an unsettled condition; thus checking the prosperity of the State, and leading to public and individual embarrassmeut. Within a very few days, three of these large grants, each of something like half a century since their in, have been brought to a final judicial teat, and ever annulled and barred by a decision of the Su- preme Court of the United States. ot * more than fifty years old, was for upwards of one million of arpens of land. It had, like hundreds and thousands of others, dragged its weary betore boards of commissioners, and committees Congrese, and was left in its dubious condition until brought (under a recent law of Congress); before the judicial tribunals of the country, where itscha- racter was fairly examined, and finally and forever determined. ‘Taking heed of such evils by whic! other portions of our country had been afflicted, the undersigned felt it to be of the highest conse- quence to our State to urge the adoption of a ae effectual system for the speedy settlement of tutles. The exposition of his reasons and of the princi- plea which controlled him in urging the of the present pees for the settlement of land claims, is fully presented in the aecompanying speeches before the Senate of the United States, to which are appended extracts from two impor- tant decisions oijihe Supreme Court, with a sketch of the surveying system adopted and practised upon by our Government. This measure, witha supplemental enactment, which it is proposed to introduce at the next session of Congress, will, itis believed, ratify and establish every good title California, and annul every bad one. I[n ther present loose, uncertain, and imperfect condition, they would, without the aid of ap act of Congress, be utterly insufficient to vindicate, under treaty, the right of claimants to any particular tracts against atitle the goverament might grant; but, under the recent legislation, all good claims wilt be withdrawn from this condition, aad perfected into complete titles, in the form of pateats from the United Statee; whilst alt fictitious, worthless, and invalid claima, will be forever annulled, and the land covered thereby, surveyed and‘donated, or sold out to our citizens. The security of tile thus effected, every man in California will feel like go- ing to work in earnest, and renewed inducements | be held out for pation from the olcer por- of the Union ¢ shall have farmers, me- chanics, and business men, in ay department of life, coming in among us, not merely in pursuit of v ble miserals, but of the exhaustiess agricul- tural wealth of the country. Property will cease, in @ great measure, to be subject to the fluctua- tions inseparable from uncertainty of tenure, and will command steadily advancing prices. The enterprise and energy of our peopie will fouadnew cities, enlarge exisung ones, establish new com- mereial depote, develope the resources, and extend the trade and commerce of the State, and soon wiil vindicate the claims of California to the firat reuk among the members of the confederacy, and of the other States of the world, in ali that adoras civilization and contributes to human happiness. Wat. M. Gwin. Woasnineton Ciry, March 11, 1851 Law Intelligence. Invontanr Decision ix THe U8 Burnes Court —Im the U. 8. Supreme Court, the case of Gill, trastes, va. Oliver's executors, known asthe Mexican cases, has been dismissed for want of jurisdiction, This is, in effect, & confirmation of the decision of the Court of A pet of Marylaod Im favor of (livers exeoutors. The case grew out ot the expedition. rome thirty years ago. of Mina against the then existing Spaqih tpn ment in Mexico. Under the treaty between the pre- sent govern t of Mexico and the United Btat claim of M creditors was aed, up to the Court of Appeals, and being all thr ded in favor of Oliver's executors, an app en to the U. 8. Supreme Conrt. But on however, was argued at th the de ot Appeals involyed is very large the reveral Courts of this Court, excited the deepest interes bere of the bar.— Ba’ « Patri Bi rnewe Cover or tae Unrten Srares.—Mancw 10 No 84. G.W. Parks ys. John Ross. Feror to Cirouit Court United States for District of Goi M Justice Grier delivered the opinion of firming the judgment of said Cirouit caure, with costs. No 99 Fl Conrad ys David Gridey. Error to Circuit Court United States for Loulsinna. Mr. Justice Woodbury delivered the opinion of the Court reversing the Jedgment, of said Circuit Court with costs, and rem the caure with directions to awarda venire facias de novo, No. 03. The United States ve, D M Hughesetal. Appeal from Ciroult Court United States for Louisiana. Mr. Jastice Oatron delivered the upinion of the Court, reversime the de- cree of eaid Cireuit Court, and vacating aad sanulli the patent to D M. Hughes 0. oh Lessee of P. Weatherhead ve. W. Barkervi tal. Mrror to Olr- cuit Court United Btates for middle district of Tem. nersce. Mr. Justice Wayne delivered the opinion of the Court, reverting the judgment of Uiroult Court, with coste, an ae P of the Court, reversing the jadg Cireult Court with costs, and with directions for further proceedings ia conformity wi eo n of this Court. No 33 The Mhila- delpbia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroad Comps- w, s State of Marylae i. trror to Oourt of Appeals, oryland. Mr. Obief Justice Taney delivered the. opinion of the Court, affirming the judgment of sald Court of Appeals, with costs and six per cent dema., ges 8 paste Co: nt oF tHe Unit Brates —Match Ta No 87 George M. Gill, trustee, So., va. R. Oliver's axe- cutors et al, Brror to Court of Appeal, Maryland, Mir. Justice Grier delivered the opinion of the couse, ds. missing tho cause for the want of jurisdiction No. 100. A. Spear, olaiment of schooner | ncy Ana and cargo. ve. Hl Place, Mbellant, Sc. Appea) from District Court United States for Texad, Justion Woodbury delivered the oy of the ear, dismia. sing this cause for want of jurisdiction No. 92, H. Van Buren va. WI. pigcen, use of Libbey. Error to Cireuit Court 24 Staten for dis- triet of Columbia. Mr. Justioe Dar,\o) delivered the ring the judgment of said * opinion of the court, re Clreutt Court, with coste, and rt smanding the o: enire facias de novo with directions to award iatt’¢ in error, ams No 79. J.J. Moore, of division from the Oir- et al Ona certifies ‘ourt United States fr Tiino Justies ne delivered the opir jon of thi paper offered by the def sndant oid di face of it, ond was not ‘sdmisrible as evid which it ¥ 4 offered. Adjourne 4 pla appointed by iaw of tne freight train from New Haven, for Of the bridge at Bridgeport, om ‘tok won cleared, ready tor travel om