The New York Herald Newspaper, March 14, 1851, Page 6

OREGON. | healthy. We hazard nothing in ing, that no | Pe Me A present greater oducattente to set- dere this. Hilleborough, the county seat of Washington is yet a small town, situated ewe Portland, in the midst of one of the most beautiful agricultural regions we have ever seen, on what is called Tualatin plains ‘ Lafayette, the county seat of Yam Hill county, is | al and flourishing town of abouteight hundred inhabitants, having a good water power, and other advantages, which will make it one among the most important towns in the country, in a very BIRDS-EYE VIEW OF Presttion and Lecaitties ef the Columbia and ette Rivers, aud the Er rem the Cragenlics, Bae, 1p rom the i. The Columbia river eucers the Pasitie Ocean from ‘the east, ot 46 deg. 194 oho cores ite & A mow a hig! eadiand cal Cape Disappoi ty spam, which the heavy waves of the ocean, with eur White crested tops, have dished for ages past, and will continue to sound their mouraful dirge in | short time. the ears of the mariner and adventarer for ages to Uenpqua City, situated on the Umpq ia river, al- come. i The entrance to the bay is said to be somewhat Gong Its a ry grt ri bey omy tune intricate and difficult, yet like all other difficultie eamly surmounted with sofety, when underst and attempted by those who ure qualified to the task. Capt White, the ouly plot now there, has always been successful in dringing im all veasels ‘at. Iti try on the Pacific coast. * Fort Vancouver, situated on the north side of the Columbia river, six miles northeast from Portland, is one of the oldest towns ia the Territory, and has considerable trade. 1t is present head quarters with perfect safety, and comparative ease. 3 Immediately upoa revuatiug Cape Disappoint- ment by the north chanel, (te Day extends to the northward and westward toraconsiderable dis- tance, forming a bay, land-locked on the west and north, which 1s called Bakei’s bay; on the north- west shore of which is siturted Pacific city, which appeared to us to be well located, and possessing advantages of no common ch racter; it already has of the Hudson Bay Company, and a depository of their goods designed for their extensive operations on this side of the Rocky Mountains. There is also a detachment of United States troops station- ed there, besides being a county towa, and pos- sessing other advantages, making it a desirable | and important point. ‘here are many other towns which we have not had time to vieit or get reliable information from, & epeci hotet and severni other substantial | that are worthy of notice. Cur object being sim- buildings, with many ioprovements, which are | ply to ae our distant readers some information progrecenng rapidly The anchorage 18 said tobe | in relat to this couatry, by which they could 00d; several vessels wore lyiwg at anchor ia the os when we passed. ‘Lhe country around pre- sents a most beautiful prospect’ Tae high land is covered with @ thrifty «rowth of valuable timber as far as the eye can reach, with an occasional ip- deniation of valleys of broad exteat and rich fer- tility, inviting the hand of the artizan and agricul. turalist. Far in the distance to the eastivard foome up ix majestic yroudear and sublimity the suow cep top of Mount 3+ Heien’s, upon whose summit human foot has sever trod, and perhaps never wil. To the word the country ap- ears level and well adepted to agricultural pur- understand something more of (regon than we were able to learn of it before we migrated hither. The most of the localities above named we have visited, of the others we are indebted to some of the oldest and most respectable inhabitants for the information presented. We one at all times be thankful to any one who will furnish us iaformation in relation to this hitherto neglected country, and will cheerfully | give the public the benefit of the same. It is our | intention to follow up these investigations, and | give publicity to all matters coanected with Ore- | gor,—its early history, resources, developsmeats, oves. Several farm hoses are locate? near the | clintate, productions, c., to which we invite the margin of the river, wr mumerous cattle Were | perusal 2 ae readers both at home and abroad. cipurely Grazing upon iis @° evveced banks. We: have received from a gentleman of conside- About «ix miles fro mouth of the river, rable experience in Oregon, the following account nthe south bank, we d For’ George, of of Puget’s Soxnd:— Astoria, a town of cons: ple size, at which the | United States troops are juartored; many of the haildiogs were apparenUy wow and of good taste. ‘The “atar spangled benner,” that ever glorious emblem of “the land of Ue free and the home 07 the bray sting m the bree ze upoa the verty pole, plar.ted emea. The communication with Puget’s Sound 18 usu- ally by water, from this place, in canoes and boats, | down the Willameite and Columbia to the Cow- | itz river, which you ascend by the same convey- ance, crossing several rapids 30 miles up the Cow- liz, which is considered the head of boat naviga- | tion. The landing is usually catied the Cowktz | Settlement or French irairie. The settlers are ssine ide, the steamer | generally Canadians, who have served their time ** Oregox” dropped her anchor, rom up to ber mast | in the Hudson Bay Ce y’aservice. They have head the flag of our Us ion, ond fired a mational sa- | selected the most beautiful and fertile spot in Oregon (ote ia Boner of the adnnission of Cel fornia, | for agricultural pursuits, and have large herés of This place is also called “ Astoria;” the it tle, ho! hogs, ic. At this settlement there offee, custom house re located here; there a saw pee! grist mill. The Hudson Bay Com- @re Sut few buildin, hat there are, being y aleo, have an extensive farm. From Fort ‘ancouver, there is a pack pew and of moder: cata tine nce. trail for horses and | y ‘The bay extends sev ora! oiiies to the eastward, | cattle to this settlement, from which to New Mur- oa either ride of whieh ears to be a heavy | Ket, 50 miles, at the head of Rud’s Inlet, Paget's growth of valuable tim sding to the tops of | Sound, is a good w: road, through extensive u ghlinadsin the dis Tne entrance tothe | prairies, with strips of fir, cedar and ash timber, ariver trom the oay, may be made by 8¢- Varying froma quarter to three miles in width. nels, which fi. rgeintoone. The | On this road you pass within a few yards of the mbia a, without exc’) ion, the most beautiful Chucketes river, on which are extensive prairies; river we have eversee hem compared with | after leaving the Chucketes, you pass through se- the Mississippi, Ohio, Ha-on, St. Lawrence and | serai stoney and gravel prairies, until withia afew e Susqueasnna, will fer execed either of them in miles of New Market, when the soil becomes very m ence. The watris ss clear as the crys- Juxurient, and produces equal to any in Oregon t.! Tountein from the mc cteep a9 wide, the cur sy baoks bigh and even- here and there the ** cas: pe much, and mau'f t verance truly nc in this cistant land. Forze the axe of the adventurer, 2 fore trod by the wily rave the wild beasts of the fur intatn springe, the channel alaud sublime, the with woodland, with pioneer, who has gree of indomi- make his home fast yielding to the ground hereto- « \whabited solely by ow produce, by the ards to their occu- The Indian reir before the march of ion and Amerean exteronse, the howling | is fast becomin ful fields, and ere isolated country w he far ia the ad- Meany portions cf our republic of a cen- f New Market is a Running yh the town beautiful stream of water, river, passing over solid rock, with four waterfalls | varying from twelve feet. to the last, which falls | twenty feet into the sea. Thie water power is | turpaseed by none in Oregon, and surrounded by fir and cedar timber, of beautiful growth, for seve- ral miles on each side. It is estimated that the prairies on Puget’s Sound are as extensive, and equally as productive as those of the Willamette | valley. There is at New Market a saw and grist | mill, and three d elling houses, which are withia a balf mile of the prairies, on @ level road, and within one handred yards of the saw mill. Tae tide rises and falls from fifteen to eighteen feet twice in the twenty-four heurs. The waters of Puget’s Sound abound witb all kinds of sheli and other fish. Its navigatiom is equal to any in the world. As there are no hidden dangere, but a application of industry, 1 pants evilizat » above Astoria” is walea distant. [t is abo an ily situated on toe -ouch pamk 0” the “Co- free and clear ravigation, with regular tides, and on bigh Toll. g grcod, witha bountiful gachorage to be obtained at all tumes, by running in ly of building mates..¢0' hand to build up a shore, where you may choose your owa berth in Th sad flourishing | ; h from ‘en to twenty fathoms water. Should it be Me Fe ngflina pi Brod we kate muon calm, and head tise, you may anchor in the middle | in end cosine cae top ed to the buildiag of the Sound witha kedge acd hawser, in from | p aud sectling anew Go ahead, gentle- | forty to sixty fathoms. Nisqually, the trading post | a ve eee & guine expecmiteas | of the H E. Go, esome thirty miles below New | brhghes more than re soove St. Helen's, Ma ket, by sea, and twenty by land. There are | . tazm houses becom ‘merous, this part come thirty families in the neighborhood of New . sor settled Market o are principally Amencan firmer: mile and a huf roving, ad many its future impor- m New Market there 1s a pack trail for hors rough to Welta Walla, on ihe Columbia. The lower part of thie road has been laid out during the laet seaccn, by the settlers making it a good wagon road for seventy miles from New Market (oa the a's, ook forward with ance. It is well situs tounded by the finest #¢ Foe, Whicd ts fast setriia weet of New Market is situated Hood's C.nah | Have o° bottom land, we ssionally overflows, | which ia a spncious and extensive harbor, ree | vse ebay Me juve abundant grass ing mopy oj nings for emigrants to settle on rich | for the arozing f ime Hcks and herds; be- prairies, wear the coast, with a beau'ifal soil. In | ades aviording an eyporucry of cutting large | short, my views of this luxuriant cow | qaantivierc! bay. From di ploee, aleo, itis pro- fimited, em t hole Sound is a contiauation of | posed to hudd @ reilroad \ |. fayette and the in- | jarpora, ekirted with beautifal timber of all eizes Uregon Som ha miles above eaters through which, from one to three miles, you usu ally reach large and productive prairies, with tre quent streams of water and s;rings from the moun- | tains with good mill seats W iliamerte river, « o is river dacs a large aad extensive mieuli re 0 41ee the tare sia © TE INDIAN TRIAS The undersigned. appointed by the |'resident of the Cpited States, Special Commissionere, with plepary powers to viet and negotiate treaties of cace and friendship with the various trites of la- jians in California, deem it proper im the way announce their arrival in the country, and their ion to enter vpon the important duties of their ion as early as the state of the weather and of the roads will admit of travelling. | a re weet bank of the toot gradually as mr ido miles, Whea sd covered with a dense never for a distance of ‘ius OF prairie co i and extent, ¢, upon @ big! (40k m the rv & comes 1o!luns the most hea ht miles, to ¢ t nehoes mi be eirpasard by any « y oa the cootivent. time, bearing of the di i s species of pine called ly existed, at. y of lamber, well of the Sacramen juin rivers, aa well r par ores. in other parts of the State, the commissioners 1500 in’ appeel to their fellow-citizens, in such disturbed witha le distr buildings are most! hich, with their d with the browa , to ado) d pursue towards the ladians a course of conduc tked by mildness, modera- tien, and jorbearance— holding themselves wholl: on the defensive, at least uatil time shali be e:tord- contrar appearauce of (woe generally ou the ed us to investigate, and if practicaole, redress their coast, gives if 4 most home-like aspect. grievances have abteam saw mui| already in operation, All good citizens and emigrants are in‘erested ia u thee about berg ere ted, as well a3 4 restoring to the frontier settlements the peaceful 4 machine oop, planing milis, &e., and amicable relations which once so happily exist- which #1) add much t the umportance of the | ed between them and Indians t The property he by their industry That in some of the culties which have recent liberelity, are manif en earnest of the jy occurr ft of the piace * mha>itants, for ~that the whites have nd motel Worth. are hut surpassed bY jovtify the severity of th ye have a Methodist will not be ed; atill, 8 our in/urmation whieh combines beauty extends, many lives have been sacrificed, aad much ne betantirl buildiwog of veling exgeadered, snneceseariy re: eleo a Pr a church of modera The Indians of this couatry are repre 4 large dimension, weatly completed tremely ignorant, lazy and degraded : » mon scnools reer! ve # large share of attenuon genetelly harmless and peaceabl> in their @ spacious tchool house hee siready been bailt, indisposed to contfoversy or war with the wrk is daily filled wittalurge namber of the whites, until actually goaded to seek revenge for Pemg geuerauon, whoee buddwg Mmiadsare being iriure inflicted upon them. For them many al- tretmed by teachers cocupetent w the task wonces should be mace. Their very imbecility, Six rotle abe ‘urined, oo the east bank of poverty and degradation, shon!d, with enlightened jocated * Milwauk,” which bids fair 4 liberal whe mem, entitle them to commiseer- "rt loWas in eaterprise and long forbearance yi water power, which is the orginal ownere and occupants of thesand mountain ranges. Their gard hunting grovods, and acorn orchards, nding the graves of their fathers for many rations, were long are’aimed by others. Ua- iden treasures, eontaiaed nd water courses of Cali- fornia, the whi | man lived together in peace end motual secunty. Swer that period, We are informed the indian he# bees by many con- eidered and ‘reated as ne intruder, xs a common enemy of the whites, ond in muy & aces shot down with as litle compunction ase deeror an antelope ‘As there is cow n0 father west to whioh they can be removed, the general goveram d the eople of California appear to have I now under won; we hepe to eee her in her pt, end wien he adapt success up, a distance of six miles, stands eal town called Oregon City, the oldest, ti fetely, admitted to ne che iargest and most bueinese (own In Oregon Port and, aithough much gousast, Low claims «n equalty with her; whether Bhe is ertided toit te net wm our view material Oregoe City is a beauiful town, has one of the fagest ard moet exteaeive water powers we have t Witnessed, (not ¢x-epung Richmond, Va, or L walter t, N.Y). Her 4 aring ond cawing mills ae duirg an extensive business, which adda muc': ternative in relation to these remnants of once etereat ot ihe piace and country generaly merous and j« werful tribes, viz: extermination or of the river bere is interrupted’ by domestication. As the latter includes all proper some two mules distance, atthe © per measures for their protection and gradual improve- is a fall of tweniy feet pervendic iat, ment, and secures to the people of the State an ele- en impreguabie barrier wo ‘ae fur her ment greatly needed in the developement of ite re- eseels, al honrth the river is said t t over 100 miles above the falls, | szed river steamris ¢ opposite aide of +h- river is a town of con- siderable importance, ealied Lona City, although " , cheap labor—it is the one which we deem the part of wiedom to adopt, and if possible, ecneum mete It will be our earnest endeavor to quiet the diffi- cules whieh pow exist, and afford to both whites sources, viz fot es large ae Oregon City, it hes the tacilitie and ladiens, throughout California, such protection and «*mente, with proper developements, to be- of person and property as their good conduct may al entitle them to comear Fifteen milee further up isa town of considera | de, and well located, called Champor d by » good thriving agrical it to Become # place of con- tial tothe character of the State, and F the United States, as a civilized and Chrietion gation, tha’ shedding of blood , committted by the Indv or property of the facta, we will use all proper exertion to bring ' the offenders to justice, by the military foree of the United States, or otherwise hich is well located mette, sone (fty miles ee or fvar hundred ated a serminiry of of the above Por iand, coutaiatna t inbaditants At this lave te f much importance, which ts un ‘er ihe care of the If, on the other hand, an Indian or Indians shall Methodist Miesicaney Sooty, aodie doing much | ®e killed in your neighborhood by a white man or fn the disee mina f levtwne, mporant to a body of white men, without the authority of law, the well-being of a new ex we request that in like manner information may be Syracuse, peel Mutyeviile, Cinemnanti, and | gentio us. The a —— W Pn geverel Other towAey are In + woud healhy coasts | map by an ledk murder, punishable by death. @on, wei located upon the W ite aad So ikzeries if an Indian be killed by a hice maa, butaries, at each of whieh tote 16 ap ine he ishment should be | ime is the same, the pun’ the seme, and the safety and security of every | community demande that equal and exact jumice | trade ead cormmmerce, Worthy the atte ke Willamotte vailey containg an aren of sor be meted out te ike e payiag our mies in length, sad from 0 10.70 rites in | tempects to yout governot and other pul ne. aadih, che whole of winch le rich, and wet icnariee at San Joes, and hope to obtain from renee erlewi i y We Wale ant @ tr ogb valuable ie formation towehing our pro- | United State posed duties Ere Jong, we shall hope to meet be] of you in your respective neighborhoods, and ‘sil our ourselves of your experience aud advice effecting the obj in view. Very respectfully, your obedient servants, Review McKee, Geo. W. Baxsour, O, M. Wozencrart San Francisco, Jan. 13, 1851 PS. So far as opportunities may serve, the Commissioners will feel obliged if intelligent mi- ners, traders, &c., will take pains to explain the purport of this paper to the chiefs and head men of such tribes as they may meet. The Califoraia Land Titles. AN ACT TO ASCKRTAIN AND SETTLE THE PRIVAT): LAND CLAIMS IN THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- resentatives of the United States of America, ia Congress assembled, That for the purpose of as- covcaining. aad settling private land claims in the State of California, a commission shall be, and is hereby constituted, which shall consist of three commissioners, to be appointed by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and congent of the Senate, which commission shall continue for three years from the date of this a>t, uniess sooner discontinued by the President of the United States. Sec. 2 And be it further enacted, That a secre- tary, skilled in the Spanish and English languages, shall be appointed by the said commissioners, whose duty it shall be to act aa interpreter, and to keep a record of the proceedings of the board in a bound book, to be filed in the office of the Secre- tary of the Interior, on the termination ef the com- mission. Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That such clerks, not to exceed five in number, as may be necessary, ehali be appointed by the said commis- sioners. Sec. 4. And be it furtherenacted, That it shall be lawful for the President of the United States to Speciat an agent, learned in the law, and skilled in the Spanish and English languages, whose epecial duty it shall be to superintend the interests of the United States in the premises, to continue him in such agency as eng a8 the public interest may, 10 the judgment of the President, require his continu- ance, andtoallow him such compensation as the President shall deem reasonable, It shall be the duty of the said agent to attend the meetings of the board, to collect testimony in behalf of the United States, and to attend on all occasions when the claimant in any case before the board shall take pega 3 and no deposition taken by, or in be- half of, any such claimant, shall be read in evidence in any case, whether before the commissioners or before the District or Supreme Court of the United States, unless notice of the time and place of takia, the same shall have been given in writing to sai¢ agent, or to the district attorney of the proper dis- tnict, 80 Jong before the time of taking the deposi- tion as to enable bim to be present at the time and place of taking the same ; and like notice shall be given of the time and place of taking any deposi- tion on the part of the United States. Sec. 5. And be it further enacted, That the seid commissioners shall hold their seasions at | such times and places as the President of the United States shall direct, of which they shall give due and public notice, and the magshal of the district in which the itt point a deputy, whose daty it upon the said rd, and who ahall receive the same compensation as is allowed to the marshal for hia attendance upon the district court. Sec. 6. And be :t further enacted, That the said commissioners, when sitting a3 a board, and ecch commissioner at his chambers, shall be, and are, and is hereby, authorized to administer oaths, and to examine witntsses, in any case pending before the commissioners ; that all such testimony | shall be taken in writing, and shall be recorded and preserved in bound books to be provided for that purpose. Sec. 7. And be it further enacted, That the ae- cretary of the board shail be, and he hereby, authorized and required, or. the application of the law agent, or district attorney of the United States, or any claimant or his counsel, to issue writs of subj.rna, demanding the attendance of a witness or witnesses before the aaid board, or any commis- sioner See. 8. Ane be it further enacted, That each and every person Clmiming lands in California, by virtue of any right or title derived from the Span- ish cs Mexican government, shall present the aame to the eaid commissioners when sittiag as a board, together with such documentary evidence and timony of Witnesses os the said elaimant reti upon in tupport of auch claim; and tt shall be the duty of the commissioners. for hearing, to proceed promptly to exam seme upon such evidence. and upon the evidence pre ed in bebalf of the United States, and to de- cide vpon the validity of the said claim, and, with- m thirty days after such decigion ia readcred, to certify the same, with the reasons on which it is foucded, to the district attorney of the United | States inand for the distmet in which auch de- cison shall be rendered Sec 9 And be it further enacted, That, in all cesrs of the rejection or coahrmation of any claim | ve Board of Commissieners, it sballand may be for the claimant or the District A‘torney, ia ited States, petition to District Court of the 4 the land Claimed ie sitaeted, praying the purt to re: view the decision of the said commiseionere, and | to decide on the vali of such claim; aud such petition, if presented by the claimant, shall set torth fully the nature of the claim, and the names of the original aad present claimants, and shall ain a deraignment of the cleimant’s cide, with cript of the report of the Board of Commis- aud of the documentary evidenoe and tes- ch petition, if presented by the Distriet At y in hehali of the United Siates, shali be ac- anscript of the report of the Board ‘#, and of the and evideace t f fully and dis tinetly set fort which the said ged to be invalid; a copy of which pe- he same shall be presented by a claimact, be served on the District myer? of the ed States; oad, if presented in behalf of the hall bz served on the claimant or his attorney, and the party upon whom such ser- vice shail be made, shail be bound to aaswer the seme within a time ‘to be preserive i by the Judge cet the District Court; ani the answer of the claim- ant to such petition shall set forth fully the nature of the claim, and the names of the original and present claimante, and shall contain a deraigament of the claimant's title; and the auswer of the Die fof the United State set forth the grounds ox leged to be invalid, covies of all be served upon the adverse party thirty days before the meeting of the court; and thereupon, at the first term of the court there~ alter, the said cage shall stand for trial, unless on cavee chown the same shall be continued by the court. See. 10. And be it further epacted, That the trict court sbail edto render judgment upon the pleadings and evidence in the case, and upon euch further evidence as may be taken by order of said court, and shall, on application of the t whom judgment is rendered, grant appeal to the Supreme Court of the Uuited States on such security for costs in the preme Court, in case that judgment o shall be affirmed, as the re And if the court shall be satisfied that desiring ppeal is unable to give such ay be allowed without secu- rity Sec 11 Ard be it ferther enacted, That the commissioners herein provided for, and the district | aod Supreme Courts, in deciding on the validity of any claim erought before them, under ¢ ovis sious of this net, shall be governed by the y of Gusdalupe Hidalgo, the [aw of nations, the laws, ueeces, and customs of the government from which the c is derived, the principles of equity, and t cisions of the Supreme Court of the L d States, eo far as they are applicable Sec. 12. And be it further enacted, That, to en- title either party toa review of the proceedings and sion of the commisssioners hereinbefore wided for, notice of the intention uch party 10 file a petition to the district court «| tered on the journal or record of proceedings of the commismoners within sixty days after their decia- 1on on the claim hae been made and notified to the parties; and euch petition shall be filed in the dis- trict court within six months alver such decision hae been rendered . Sec. 13. And be it further lands, the claims to which ha’ ly re- jected by the commissionets in manner herein pro- vided, or which shall be finally decided to be in- valid by the District or Supreme Court, and Janda, the elaims to which shall not have been pre- sented to the eaid commissioners within two years after the date of this act, ehail be deemed, held, and considered as part of the public domain of the United States; and for all claims finally confirmed by the said commissioners, or by the said District or Supreme Court, a patent shall issue to the claim. ant, on hie presenting to the General Land Office an euthentic certificate of euch confirmation, and a or eurvey of the said land, duly certified and epproved by the Surveyor General of California, whore duty it shall be to rivate claims which ehall be finally confirmed, to be accurately susveyed, and to furnish plate of the the location of the ead claims, the said Surveyor General ehall have the came power and authority as are conferred on the register of the land office and receiver of the public monies of Louisiana, by he eixth eection of the act “to create the office of Surveyor of the Public Lands for the State of Lovieiana,” 9 wed third March, one thousand eight hundred and thirty-one. Provided always, That if the title of the cleimant to such Inuda shall be ecooteated by any other person, it shall and may be lawful! for such person to nt @ petition to the + judge of the United tea for the district ee ee a ee eee y of the Witnesses on which it was founded; | li be en- } 1 | certained, and is possibly underrate same; and, in | ticetly setting forth his title thereto, and ‘praying the eaid judge to hear and determine the came ; & copy of which petition shall be served upoa the ad- verse party thirty daye before the time appointed for hearing the same: And provided, further, That it shall and may be lawful for the district judge of the United States, upon the hearing of such peti- hon, to grant an injunction to restrain the party at whose instance the claim tothe said lands has been confirmed, from sueing out a patent for the same, untilthe ttle thereto shall have been finally de- cided ; a copy of which order shall be transmitted to the Commissioner of the General Land Office, and thereupon no patent shall issue until auch de- cision ehall be made, or uatil eufficient time shall, ‘n the opinion of said judge, have been allowed for obtaining the same ; and thereafter the said injunc- tion shall be dissolved. See. M4. And be it further enacted, That the provisions of this act shat! not extead to any town jot, farm lot, or pasture lot, held under a grant from any corporation or town to whith lands may have been granted, for the establishment of atown, by the Spanish or Mexican governmeat, or the lawful authorities thereof, nor to any city, or towa or village lot, which city, town, or village existed on the seventh day of July, eighteen hundred and forty-six; but the claim for the same shall be pre- sented by the corporate authorities of the aid town; or where the land on which the said city, town, or village was originally granted to an individual, the claim shall be presented by or in the name of ench individual, and the fact of the existence of the said city, town, or village, on the said seventh Joly, eighteen hundred and forty-six, being duly proved, shall be prima facie evidence of a grant to such corporation, or to the individual under whom the said lot- holders clai And where any city, towa, or village shall be in existence at the time of pass- ing this act, the claim for the land embraced within the limits of the same may be made by the cor- porate authority of the said city, town, or village _ See. 15. And be it further enacted, That the final decrees rendered by the said commissionera, er by the district or Supreme Court of the United oe orany patentto be issued under this-act, shal the said claimants only, and shall sot affect the in- terest of third persons. Sec. 16 And be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of the commissiogers herein provided for to aecertain and report to the Secretary of the Interior the tenure by which the mission lands are held, and tho: who are cngneed in agriculture, or labor of an kind, and those which are occupied and cul- tivated by pueblos or rancheros Indians. id be it further enacted, That each pointed under this act shall be al- Pp An lowed and pai per annum; that the secretary of the commissioners I be allowed and paid et the rate of four thou- per annum; and the clerks herein pro- vided for shall be atlowed and paid at the rate of one thousand five hundred dollars per annum. The atoresnid salaries to commence from the day of the notification by the commissioners of tie. first | meeting of the board | See 1. And be it further enacted, That the se- cretary ot the board shall receive no fee except for | furnishing certified copies of any paper or record, and for issuing writs of subpeena. For furnishin; certified copies of any paper or record, he shalt receive twenty cents for every hundred words, and for issuing writs of eubpwna, fifty cents for each witness; which fees shall be equally dividea be- tween the said secretary and the assistant clerk: Approved Mereh 3, 155]. Iuteresting from the South Pacific. TNE RESO! RK OF CHILE--TNE MINING PROSPECTS— THE swrpr OF CHILE TLOIR FOR CALUFORNIA. Froi ‘Valparaiso Reporter Jan. 25. As it is our avowed maxim to enquire into and support whatever measures may conduce toward the welfare of trade generally, and consequently the gradual beneficial advancement of this country, we have been for some time past solicitous to as- certain the real state of the forwithcoming harvest, considering ae we do its greater or less abundance will in the same degree influence the means of the producer and consumer, and decide, whether his | Operatior.s at home ead abroad can be prosecuted | with suitable advantage. , As the increase ot our wealth depends mainly upon what the country can produce above its own corsumption, and exchange the surplus with other foreign markets for profitable commodities, the present period we certainly can felicitate thi: country, and state that atno time has Chile stood in auch high erdit, and with prospects to cotinnue | so, provided her reeourcea are fostered, aud der Capitalists and influential men will lead their aid to | preserve and pursue the new advantages new ra- | pidly opening to us ‘The mining interests were uever so luurishing, andthe imereaeed production of silver and copper, during the past year, so clearly manifest this fact, that co demo. stration is required. Stitl, that these | noble products may proceed in the same ratio ot iereese, itis indispensable that the first article of necessity (food) shal mederace rates, atd encoursg? ator and Operator, in every branch, two extend hus transactions. These dees bring us back tothe sud) of the present harvest, which, we cocceive, so materially goveras, and must guide the success of (he present year By cotreepondence with the agricultural distriess ot Chile. and verbal information obtained from residents and periies who have visited them, we ieve we have acquired accurate information on te of the wheat crop, and what is likely to Some part of the of San Fernando are later a t those to the south are neerly all reaped, and W grain 18 preparing to be sent to the points i The sowings bave been larger this bau at any prev penod, and elthough s towards the have been lost by the sequently suflered by foggy weather, rain) yet the wholes fully, if not more than, the ave- guct of any previous year, and the grain h We Rave so far seen is of good quality h sueh data before us, we are called to look into our present position, and how tar it may pos- sitly be aflected by futy erations The preduce of the province of Conception, in a grea! mensure, supplies what is taken for export, and by the ecxleulations of parties who are ac- quainied with the stocka of at now remaining | from the growth of Last year, it seems evident that, emg local consumption, and d tu Ivfornia, ao sur . ye added vo the product of the ;.esent har- , at the same time last year, the stock of wheat at Conception was about 150,000 fanegas ‘This cireumetance will naturally beget the im | | rage | whi pression that we must experience a short suoply of | © wheat to meet the demand of the present year, ani | that the jrice will be guided in proportion to the greater or less deficiency. Of this fact xo doubt | can be entertained, but when admitting | clusion, we see the prudence of examining, ¢ con- some extent, the eactions of the past year, combined | with other details collected from persoas exten- | | sively ed in this branch of busiaess; we | | thereby jc idce that the exports of our the last | year have exceeded tof previous years about | 200,000 bags, Without taking into account thet the supplies of wheat sent to Peru, have far surpassed the current consumption of that market, and thet hey now hold sufficient for several months = the During the severe winter months in Chil export of four to foreign ports was near! y para! ard conse juently, by the absence of timely au were severely felt, particularly in California; from | which cauee the price advanced for a short period | to the exeersive figure of 25 to 30 dollars per bag of 200 tbs; when the sales made there by A shippers of said flour in tew inetances exceeded [2 dollars pet bag of 20) ibe, thus showing that great advantages were taken by speculators residing there, ond engaged in the int ir trade The result by this delay of ipments has that by the last advie ‘om California, four was arriving in «reat abundance, and within fifteen days rior to the sailing of the packet, upwards of 0,000 Baws of 200 Jos. had been entered in the custom house, and by referring to the lisl of subse juent shipments made from Chile (not then arrived) we infer that daring the months of December to theend of March this quantity will be augmented about 140,000 bags, to which must be added the supplies from Australia, Oregon, and other i e | sufficient to meet requi | during the winter season; thus we may be satisfied, | beyond any doubt that st the opening of the spring demand, the stock at California will certainly not be under 150,000 bags of 200 lbs. | We will not assert that our calculation is exact, | but it is as near the truth as can OD set be as. We forbear to offer any advice guide to those of our correspondents who may be engaged in | these operations; at the same time we cannot but expreas our conviction that the market of Oalifor- cia will hold, at the conciusion of the winter sea- be conclusive between the United States and | se held by civilized Indians, and those | tthe rate of six thousand dollars | mparisoa with the consumption; mand ensues in the apring, prices must recede very material At the same period last year the stock yrancisco was only 23,500 bags, thereby show excess in the present of 126,50) bags, equal to about | 950,000 fanegas of wheat. The culturiste wil] probably notice these remarke, and concl that if the extra stock of flour now in California hed not been exported, it would have remained stored in bodegas in Chile—and hence they must be certain that this quantity lees weald be taken 4ovrirg 1851. Tthey will, of course, judge for them- welves, but as we are advocates for a continuance of a business so essential to the best iaterests of Chile, end to the prosperity of future yeare by this ital couree of industry, we are anxious to allay the upfeveded grounds of apprehension at present sisting in California, that Chile has little to spare for foreign demand, and public papers have also mai ferted this feeling, ty © nipon merchans in the U. States to furnfeh plies of flour to obviate the dieappointmente w might arise in the event of their not receiving what is requir- ed from other quarters. Our geographical position mary sdvanteges, snd when we consider that ro country can produce the article at a cheap- errate, we recommend a prudent course, as the best means by whi oa profitable = Jastia: trade can be secured. Viewing all other proceed- ipgs tending to withdraw our relations wih a anew rising country, which has been brought into Contact with us at euch an interesting period, and when our natural productions require most im- pulse, we would suggest, that if the millers, aud wheat growers were to consult their owa iatereste, they would understand that the so much talked of California flour speculation will result in incaleula- ble advantages, not only to themselves individu- ally, but also to the country st large. THE SILVER MINES OF COPTAPO. (From the Valparaiso Neighbor. Jan. 25) Much nas been said and written lately on the robability of the depreciation in the value of gold, in consequence of the immense quantities disco- vered in, and remitted from, Calitornia. We ob served some time ago, that the English govera- ment bad taken the alarm, and that the Directors of the Bank of England.had met to take the sub- ject into consideration. We do not pretend to be perfectly aw fatt in mattere of finance, and are consequently rather puzzled to dist ‘uish betwixt two parties; one exclaiming that this excessive influx of gold wil lower its value, and the other contending that its effect will be neutralized by the higher price which will, in consequence, be ob- tained for merchandize and labor. One thw, seems certain, that the proportionate value of and silver will mot wndergo much alteration, for whatever quantity of the former may be produced iw California, Chile bids fatr to export an equivalent tm the latter. We extract a few observations from an article in the Coprapino, referring to the sta- tistical aflairs of Copiapo, which may be not un- acceptable to such of our readers as are interested in the doings of that province. In the muning district of Tres Puntas,74 miaes were being worked at the commencement of the past year, giving employment to 581 persone. The quantity of ores extracted was, in January, 554 cargas (mule Joads of 12 atrobas). Ia December, the number of mines in work were 53, severa having been abandoned, but these were affording emptoy ment to 629 men, and produced 985 cargas of ores. In Chanarcillo, the moet important mine- ral, the year opened with 75 mines, sruslaving ,094 mea, and produced it. the first month 5,3! quintals of ores. The returns for the last month give 115 mines in work, 1,567 men, anda product of 5,339 quintals. ; ‘The district of San Antonio 18 the only one which shows a falling off, having produced 7337 quintals at the beginning of the year, and only 408 atits close. The article from which we quote gives us a fur- ther statement of the number of mines in that pro- vince; they are in all 511-578, of which 400 are silver mines; 42 produce copper; 10, gold, cobalt, quicksilver; and 5 are coal mines. This atatement affords a fair idea of the proportion in which these metas are to be found in this province ao far as it has already been explored. ‘We have alao an abstract of imports and exports. The amount imported of peodnce of the country is quoted ag $537,708; and of foreign products, 36,244 packages, value not mentioned. The exports ap- pear to have been as follow:—387,019 marcs of bar silver; 6 marcs of gold; 35,225 quintals bar copper; %,818 quintals copper ores; 5,299 quintals wee ores. The above items are quoted as shipments, the produce of this district, without reference to large quantities of various metale which have been ied from Copiapo, in transit. It has often been prognosticated that California, by means of herimmense mineral weatth and the enterprising spirit which prevails amongst the ma- jority of the people who are flocking thither in such surprising numbers, is destiaed in a short space of time to become the mcst important of all the na- tions whose shores are washed by the waves of the Pacific Ifthese predictions are verified im the result, the people of Chile will have only themselves to blame. Nature has done much, and almost more, for Chile, than, perhaps, for any other coun- wy3 she embraces within her limits every variety of climate and of sod requisite for the known pro- ducts of the earth; and the treasures hidden within it recesses, though already proved to be immense, are altogether incalculable. It is an old axiom that the wealth and power of a nation consist in its commerce; and Chile povsesses all the natural advantages for the attuinment of both The coun- try ig at present but thinly populated, but, by fos termg and encouraging immigration to the South— by affording all possibie faciiities for the extraction ot her mineral wealth, and by the continuance of the exercise of a libera! and enlightened icy on the pert of her rulers, she must eventually attain to a distinguished position amongst her sister nations. MARKETS Vaceamaiso, January 26 1851—The market during ‘be month bas been exces average, even eonsidering t cipated in the mon of December igot pummer goods a@coocnt of the uausually ber ore erliivg 2 Goods are tes, during ¥ export @ud soareel: umpticr has given a te prices It is our duty tb state facts, and w: expected to speculate on the cause of thi siom, but would simply seoribe it to the pre rleetions tn Peru and the gathering ia of the harvest in Chile Our prospects for the future, however, are not ro gloomy. Within the next month or two, buyers ae wpurt lay im Cheir stocks for the autumn trade; an are closed tn Pera. we m as alro from Bol! cipated that as wom in established with the Argentine pr y Ceaiers from Salta, Mende za. other parte wili visitour extent of our busion Be very few as current of cout Pr our price have uo- jecen ict- ings. about 250 00 y 6 to Sige. The mar and the few sales effected in baizesand bayatille been at alower rate. Nothing has been done in Ameri- can domestics, and the arrivals have amoupted to 4(00 bales during the month. Coffee ie in de- meod. acd may de quoted from $10 to il lots bave arrived from Rio and Lave shipped by the conriguees to California, having been offered for sale in this Sugar is stu! ing up. aod meets with o Je. Three carg ith ordinary sugar trom the bark Liverpool, 26.40 arrobar vith an upward tr of the Inevus frem A n bond, and from $lv to $12 for the coast of Arics Iquique and Coquimbo. Lumber—Is looking up and seme sorte are in demand but having had no arrivalr, 30 price hes transpired. Lron— We hear of one sale at $2, duty paid, and 1936 cle. bond for Welsh. Balt- ? ' um thouratd quintais were sold in the beginning ot the mont! tle. Tue article decomen more numerous buy: sear and we herve Since rival of the steamer, 12 a th. and 2.000 qulatals tor Engiand, b cold at $2, end 15 <4 quimtele at 15% reals, a March, have been contracted for have arrived during the month. a1 expected It has only bee! 1 Coppet— Consideral Silver ption it — Although the harvent is abundant, very little of the mew crop has come into the market, a yet. and that is scarcely At to be ‘ound The small lots ef id whrat,coming forward are ought up by the millers et the exorbitant price of $310 $8.2 reals, chiefly to Keep thele mille empl ed, but this state of thinge cannot Ine bee board; but we must expect a fall next month ‘D reale as the deliveries then will be Liquors — E en is improv! ly dull. Frei he bay, and little me charters have been closed at the following ymotations: To Liverpool. £8, nothing dol guano, 0! Island to a cafe port fer orders ish vessels, £850; do, continental vesnels, £329 saltpetre, £4, copper, 433s 6 per cent; to the continent, T6t: to California. $16 in thy | Vexchange—Lon- don. 464. 60 and 0 days; silver in bars, $0 hard bare. $14 75, on boara Gold dust imported during dollars, 7 per cent. © gold above ley. $1 5-1 the month, $600.00. Rew on tre Starx Ban —Loss of tre Seecin prawn ; rom it —Last week a person by the nome of McDaniels, of Granville, Washington county, having had some difficulty with cashier Harmon, of the Stark Bank, of Benningto», col- lected bille on the bank to the amount of $4,000 and presented them at ite counter, with a demand for the apecie, for the purpose of compelling it to close ite doors Butin thisMcD. was Meapo ed The bank was able to pay ine specie for gvery dollar of its notes presented. McD. took the £005, in epecie to the hotel kept by )ir. Robinson, with arequeet that R. would t&e it over to Dr. Heman Switcs house. |'. gays he had not an epportanity todo this until about 9 o'clock in the evening, when, on reaching Dr. S ‘s house, he found that the doctor wes in bed and asleep, and not demring to wake the doctor, he placed the specie under his Anteresting from Central Auterica. EXTRACT PROM A PRIVATE LETTER. Sen Juan pg Nicarag’a, Feb. 16, 1361 The Navigation of the San Juan River-—The Re- sources oy Central America—The Kung of Mow quito, &c., He. : I gather from your remarks, in your last, that you are entertaining & very erroneous opinion with respect to the relative position of this town to the interior of the country, as well as the present con" ition ef the cowntry, the manners, customs, and habits of the people. Justcast your eyes fora mo- meat on the recently published map of the country, and you will discover the St. John’s (San Juamp river, running ninety miles, until it reaches the luke, with a current varying from three to six knots per hour, and at ecme seasons of the year the water shoal to sixteen and eighteen inches of water ia some parts of the river, tull of shifting quicksand: and at abpvi three miles from the junction wit the lake, You will notice rapids, the most important of which are the Viego (old) and Muchaca (crush- ed), and you will form an idea of the difficaity at- tending the ascent of the river. The voyage to Grenads, a portenthe lake, was performed in @ apecies of boat styled bungay, rnaaued by twelve men, and occupied from fourteen to tweuly days, revious to the successful arrival of the steamer Director at Granada; but now the majority of the bungaye go no furthar than San Carlos, the town atthe junction of the river with the lake, and thence take the passengers and bring them to this town. The people are a picayune set of m*n-—no enter- pnise norenergy, nor perseverance, vor RaGwiedges they are completely under the influence of the Romish clergy, a8 indeed are the inhabitants ofall countries where the Pope is goveramentally recog: nized asthe head of the church. The soil is a tertile aa any upon the face of the globe, sugar requiring to be planted only once in ten yeara, tobacco but once in six years, the {mest in the world. T*ine-apples, oranges, and lemons, such as you never saw, grow spontaneously ; but the peo- le, with but few exceptions, are good for nothing. jusiness is very limited. ly business relations are radiating throughout the country, the States ot Nicarague and Costa Rica, {rich coust] I beg to invite you to keep your eyes upon the State of Coata Rice. [cis that country to which business is conccntrating. Costa Rica is the richest State of Central America. Costa Riea co‘lve is famoua throughout Europe. Costa Rica silver has a fixed value throughout lurope, and in your own Wall street the commerce of Costa Rica is, and always has been, in the hands of British merchants. Some Britigh merchants are about sendiag a s'eam tug t» navigate the —— river. The ——river isa branch fo the San Juan river, leading out of the latter at @ point about twenty-eight miles from this towa, and runping about thirty-five miles into Costa Rica, and being almost as difficult of navigation a3 the San Juan river. Now that this port has become free, the exports and imports of the State of Costa Rica sre expected to pas3 this port. Heretofore, they have entered the port of Sait Creeks, a little Indian town about sixty miles to the southward of thia. San Juan is situated just at the gates of Paradise, and itis destined to become a second Chagres, only more reepectable, as the police regulations of this town are very strict and good. A public meet ing has been held with reference to procaring a church and market house, &c. This town is os- ueuly verned by George Fedrick Agua‘us, King of all the Mosquitos, but it is really under the dominion ot Queen Victoria, whose officers assume the privileze of dispearing the law for this etupid net Kong, who has no more sense than Low's wife, and whoee taate led him to atop in the streets of Port Royal and play with the naked ne- groes; and yet this black shadow of royalty is treated with as much deference as euy European monarch. He hes a European tutor, who is his Prime Minister. 4 Ss The conduct of the British authorities here, who dispense the Jaw for the Muaquitos, has been ovtrageous—disgraceful alike to the British government, to the officers who executed it, as to the American government to permitit. As an ex- ample, a short time ago a wealthy gentieman of Grenada, of an encient Spanish family, brought to this place a bungay, loaded with merchandise froin the interio~, and upon hi: i ere he was #0 well pleased with the marimeros (sailors) that he made them a present of some moey, and, as a maiter of course, they all became tatoxicated, and while in that atwte they exposed their intense hatred of the British by saying, “Damo the Queen;” and ia compliance with the orders of the Captuin of the Port, a Jamaicr half-breed, th were arreste!, and punished with forty lashes wi: iarcd =Their employer protesting against such inhuman treatment of his men, was hunself vd puaishedin the same manner. The wren they meet a stronger, say, ia the in- uve tone, “Anmglere, Senor?” .t the reply is they hold up both hands, coa- d ery ovt. mucko mato, (very bad); but if the reply should be, a», Senor, dmerr cano, they wili cry out joyfully, * Mucxo bueno,” and shake hands gledly I now have a building by myeelf. | have aban. doned the idea of building forthe present; [had commenced driving the piles wheu the doadts frose cbout the validity of our title co the land.in view of a claim belt by Capt oo rns of thus town, to the eniire const, end whic dicated in Lop¢oo in Fet raary next government dizpstched a specia! agent to t country to examine this <itle, and he returm pronounced it, acevording to his opinion. Since then the Britielk government have o three thousani pownds sterling for the claim, which was rejected . Shepherd holde this claim by virtue of a purchase made by bim many y age of the Moe juito hing. We cannot send letters by the Biitish mail fron dere with any assurance that they will be for- warded from Cheares. Io my next lettento yor i will endeavor to for- ward you a pleu of this town—we have St. Georges equare, (Juren Victoria square, ia ,&e iL. 8 te in be offirasas tort thew faces, Our Curacon Correspondence. Curacea, Feb 15, 1858 Th. Want of Good Hotels owing your ya aable paper to have the widest circulation of any in the Union, you will confera favor on the public generally, by giving the fol- low/'ng an insertion ‘There come to this island from the United States, every wiater,a number of invalids, to cs- cape the tempestuous weather of the North. Whea they arrive here, they cannot be accommodated With suitable quariers. There are here (30 called) two hotels, but either of them are what would be cuticd in the Une ates or Europe a fou ‘th rate Now it thia fact could induce some of our go-ahead Yenkces to come here and establish a hotel, I feel assure) it would be well patronized, aot alone by the strangers, arpivinc but by the residents; it would also i vel to the island. It ig but a few years post thatan ice house was erected at the Island of St Thomes The former proprietor has retired with a fortune. Why could not the same be done here? Hoping there few remarka may at least have e tendcacy to improve the hotels that are new here, or induce some enterprising fellow to establish one, Tremain Justice NATIONS AT 14k Sino Siva Prison —A tew sago, while Mra Dodge, Ma- ron of the Sing Sing female prison, was in the dis harge of her duty, she wes felied tothe floor b » powerful blow given by one or the stout black emale convicte, who, it appears, deliberately weat 7 behind Mrs. D. and struck her with the violence of a Herculean; and we are inforined that the ma- ton was coniderably injured, avd bas vince been vader the medical treatment of a physiciva. Ii is apposed by the Inepectore that the desperate wench intended to take the life of Mrs. Dodge, aud since he committed the outrage, she hae kept in close coniinement. and ovherwise punishe! accord: iog to the rules of (he institution, About the erme ‘one, Mr. Johw Purdy, one of the keepers in the men’s prisou, was struck in th: beck of his head with a billet of wood, in the bande of a powerful and athletic negro coavict, who w sentenced to imprisonment, some time ago. for stabbing Mr. Thorn Mauy, residing in the village of Sing Sing. Mr. Purdy was badly, in- jured, and would have, ao deat, been killed by the black rascal), had not the outrage dean quickly observed by other attachdes of the prison, who tushed to the assistance of the convict’s victim, whom the y saved from further *io'esice vy knock. ing the culprit down witha club. ile seemed re. solute and determined to carry out his murderous design. The injuret keeper was removed to his resi#ence, and the desperado * shawered” and ironed with a heavy ehain and ball. ‘These at- tempted asearsinations have alarmed the managers of this prison, Who, we leatn, have tavea prompt measures te prevent a repetition ef thei. Soave in tue Cativonnia Be scars an. — the Senate on the 2%h of Janvary, Mr Greea rs quired if the committee appeinted to confer with the postmaster had discharged its dutice. Mr. Tingiey seid that the committee called ou the postmaster lay t night, but as ho had a little lao depp pe could not attend to their business. r. Broderic'« hoped that the Senator frum San- ta Clara woud make no undue reflec tione; it Wee nota Liat for all the beauty, and taleat, and elite of the city were there. it. Green said he would correct the gectleman AtrempteD own bed. In the morning following, door of the roen: waa found open ena the r missi The beauty were not pb hg he (Mr. Brode- pat Sore weet ate t pvecees —- Frey on fa +f anid that the talent ere not ali . or Mr. G (NV) Meg, March U0 ( Tiaeressed ieughter himself wero got there