The New York Herald Newspaper, March 14, 1851, Page 3

ANOTHER LETTEK FROM HON. JOBL R. POLNSETT. The following letter was written by Hon. Joel AR. Poinsett, of South Carolina, ia reply to an ia- vitation to attend a meeiog held at Ceorge- town, in that State, to forward the acheme of se- cession I was much gratified to fiad, by the notice you sent me of the call of a public meeting of the vo- ters of Georgetown, to consider the condition of our effairs in regard to tie general government that the vigilance of a portion of our fellow ci zens hed at length been aroused by the extraordi- Bary acts of our Legislature. 1 should have been glad to have beard the explanations of our repre- gentatives, not only as to the object of the conven: tion, and their reasons for increasing our taxes, but to learn whether they supposed that their con- stituents, when they elected them to make laws to promote the prosperity of the State, intended to couler on them the dapgerous power of initiating @ revolutionary movement too likely to terminate inits ruin’ [have every dieposition to do justice to our representatives, and regret, therefore, my inability to essist atthe mecting. I have suflered Jately from severe indisposition, and am still too ‘weak te leave my home for any time; under other circumstances, your kind iavitauon would have ‘been promptly accepted, and it would have given me great pleasure to have taken counsel with ‘these [ so highly esteem. 7 I studied the proceedings of ourjLegislature, du- ring us last session, with earnest solicitude; but failed to find there, reasons or explanations for what was proposed to be done ! saw only the expression of excited feelings, passionate declama- ‘tion and foregone conclusions, all ten.ling to revo- lution, secession, peaceable or forcible; in con- junction with other States or alone; in short,a fixed determination to hurry the State into the fearful position it now occupies. And what are Phe causes assigned for measures calculated to al- ter the foundations of our government and the de: tunies of our people? Not the admission of C: fornia, for that is a‘‘fait accompts”’ California is become a State, and no act of ours can drive her out of the Union She is, however, a sovereign State, free to follow the dictates of her own inter- ests, and may introduce slaves to work ber mines if she thinks proper so to do. You all must recol- lect the history of the debate which occurred in the Legislature of the State of Illinois, immediate- after its admission into the Union. It wasa State under the compromise; but an act was passed by both houses, to introduce slaves, and would have become a law but for the intervention of Governor Coles. He vetoed the bill. But does any one si se, if the citizens of Tilinois had, on Maturer reflection, decided it to be for their future interest that slavery should be introduced into that State, the opposition of the Governor could have prevented it? Surely not. Jt was withthem and will be forever, and everywhere, purely a question of interest. Slavery will be introduced wherever slave labor can be profitably employed, whethei that be in California, Utah, or New Mexico, and will be extinguished where slaves become a bur- then, as was the case ia the Northern States before they were emancipated there. i jor can the arrangement entered into between Texas and the general government be regarded as ding any color for these measures. Texas, the party most concerned, accep‘ed the offers of vernmeut with unexampled unanimity; and, on that account, we have no longer any cause of com- Pisin, ‘The suppression of the slave market in ‘asbington furnishes no excuse for violence. pid oa @ municipal regulation, not uncalled for by com! circumstances. re we, then, about to ménce a revolutionary movement because we apprehend aggression ? This would certainly be a Taost upbeard of proceeding But we are told no Jevolution is contemplated. South Carolina, ia Conjunction with other slave States, or aloue, merely intends peaceably to secede from the,Uaion. Ihave looked in vain for any section of this Tight by the early expounders of our constitution. It was advocated, indeed, advanced by none,and expressly repudiated by the wisest nd best of the statesmen of that epoch. Sugh a doctrine would have defeated the end and aim of the constitution, which was to form a more perfect and permanent union than existed uader the old confederation. It seeme to me preposterous to suppose a single State to aaa @ constitutional right to secede from the Union whenever it_ may think proper to do so, without regard to the injury such an act might inflet upon the other States. Toe old and well considered maxim of common law applies to States ae well as to individuale. “* Sic setere tuo utmm utrernum ladus.” Make use of what is your own in such a mauner as noito iajure ano- ther. Aswell might it be contended that 4 man hae a@ right to set fire to his own house, becauze he is diseatistied with it. If ke were vo i'l advised, however, as to exercise this abstract right over his own property, in the midst of a city, he woaid be regarded as a violator of the law, und b= consigned to punishment for the crime of arson; and what comparison 19 there in the degree of crime between conflagration of the most opulent city in th universe, end the Overthrow of this great republic the seat cf freedom, the hop: of the world, the foundation of our sirength and safety ? But our legislators evidently didnot regard se cession as hikely to be acquiesced in by the othe States, or asa perfectly peaceable measure; on the contrary, they appropriated half a miilion of dol are in order to overcome the opposition they ex- pected 10 encounter, and, with rare caution, com- Menced to raise the taxes ia a manner not to alarm our fears before the fatal step is taken, aad the Stace engaged in war. They are too wtelligent Do! 1o be aware that ten times she amount raised for 1851 will be required in 1852, should the war- dike and revolutionary measures coatemplated be carried inw eflect. As the peojle generally may not be acquainted with the subject, and ought uot to be ignorant to ‘what amount the taxes must be increased, in order to cerry out the eogayement which wil probably be entered into, in their name, by taeir represen- 1 will state very briefly the cost of the uvies, fortifications and armaments of the wes. The cost of the regular forces is per annuum; that of volunteers about that amount. I will say nothing here of the difference in the efficiency « f these two descriptions of force, aor of the disparity in their mortelity. The cost of an armed vessel may be stated at $7,150 a gun, the lowest cost; its wear and tear is estimated at 84 per cent perannum. This calcu- dation does not iaclude the expenses of the crew to wail and fight her, The building and equipment of war steamers is much more costly. They carry tewer and much heavier guns. Firat rate steamers cost about $5) 000 a gun, exclusive of the expenses ofthe crew. i would bea frig tful error to sup- pose that the steamers to be built for the direct trade with Eurcpe would prove, if armed, capable | of contending with the war steemers of the United States The cost of fortifications cannot be stated with precision, so much depends vpon local circum- stances; but mey be estimated, includiag arma- men! $5,500 @ gun, exclusive of the expenses of the pe son, and cost of repairs ith theee deta you will find the cost of main- daining imum force necessary to present a show tance will exceed $5,000,000 the fi-et year, and go on increasing as the resources of the State diminisa, from the withdrawal of so many of her hardy sone from tilling the soul. The amount ret down as the minimum ot our expersee in time of revolution will have to be raised by disect taxation, or loans negotiated at home; for, be sesured, that the slave States which place the mseives in hostility te the general govern- ment wil lore all credit abroad. cis the guaranty Ziven by the congtitution to this description of pro- | re well known power of the general at to redeem that guaranty, that has given them the credit they ve hitherio enjoyed: nor cou d South Carolina caleulace upon receiving any- thirg from duties on imports, for they would devied by the to iner m for the purpose of supporting Sate, would drive the wade to the neighboring orte of North Carolina and Georgia. Indeed, it is to be apprehended, that the annoyance of brought under the guas of a vessel of war, an kept there votil the duties are paid, might alone have that «lect There is one errot which our speakers and ‘Writers appear to have generally fallen into, that | think it necessary to advert to. They are, it would weem, perecaded thet Great Britain will take part with South Caroliva in any contest she may have with the United Sta They believe there is such a cherm im cotton, that the great manufac- turer of the article must, of necessity, be united, in war.or peace, with the producer. ow, is it pro- bable that Great Britain would risk the loss of ner Dew market, and engage in a war with a powerful ion, in order to secure to her factories the amall supply of cotton South Carolina produces’ (do not believe she would take so impolitic and huvardove a otep, it all the cotton growing States wre united in the contest. Yn the firat place, I take it for granted that there ‘Would be a0 opposition to the export of our cotton, and Great Br would receive it either from Charleston or Savannah; in the next, Great Bri- would regard any separation of a slave State or States from those which are free as the begin- ning of the end of slavery in North America, to ich they would contribute by every rt in their power They are persuaded, whether erro- neous.y OF not, that the culavation of cotton can r be @atiied on by free labor, aad entertain no appre: hensions om that ecore. Keleased from the obst clea vat nation NOW Opposes to the zeal of their abc ets, Catgoes of them would be sent over in the sivps we rely upon to transport our produce Not hike the sorthern politieat demagogues, but hove si, »ralous fanatics, who will find ia our disaen. Moe, (oe hopes and inducements for fresh exer- tone Jo Franee,the sam~ feeling exists. faa debate Whieh jate'y atowe in the French Assembly, not fater than Decemb-r, 1960, u » ya the exercise in New Gnivane and Charleston t tauaic'pal pg. ulations in relation to black and colored seamen, @ Representative from the French Weet Indies inter- rogated ruinisters respecting their application to French citizens. He said they were a flagrant violation of the laws of nations, an outrage upon | humenity, an insult to French dignity, &c., &c. | The replies of the ministers were i ical. They uesured the assembly that “they had already dene 21] in their power to obtain from those States # revision of laws which are almost barbaro moet sevage;'fand M. Lahitte, the Minister of For- eign Affairs, closed his speech with these remarka- ble words: * Well, hitherto, neither France nor England has had the happiness to persuade these States of the Union, that it was necessary to enter upon the urge of civilization and reapect to hu- mianity which we most earaestly desire. To this end we will continue to labor as we have labored. Perhaps, we shall have better success when those | countries shall comprehend that they are witheut the pale of the laws of all nations.” These ex- pressious were greatly applauded by the assembly. Such being the opinions, on the subject of our institutions prevailing in England and France, ought we not to pause before we withdraw ourselves from the protecting arm which now shelters us? If we | etand alone, how long would it be betore we should be visited by @ French fleet to seek redress and de- maad reparation from us for having sent to jail one of her citizens, a colored gentleman trom Marti- nique or Guadaloupe, and blockading our ports until satisfaction is given? And here let me remark, that neither South Carolina, nor any other purely slave State, can ever possess a mercantile marine ora nevy. These is no example of ion, having a large portion of its laborii pul te of vassalage, possessing an efficient marine. re €Xists no claes to draw sailora from, for slaves or serfs cannot be trusted on long voyages, or safely employed in ships of war; and it is a mistake to suppoge that entire dependance can be placed on foreign seamen. The Russian empire has had this difficulty to contend with, and has hitherto found th obaincle it preveaia Seseranie., icin dieneit am reluctantly compe! my failing strength, to close this letter. I would his have made some It} eneral govermment, and any ee | wu comments upon the very extraordinary fact of all the candidates for the honor of a seat in this con- vention, which the poopie y sulted, be regarded as having delegated all their power, have, without exception, declared their firm determination to vote for disunion or the secession of South Carolina, in conjunction with other States, oralone; and some have gone the length of ex- ramsing not only their tisfaction with the general (olpeegrant but their utter hatred of it. May He who holds the destinies of nations in the palm of his hands avert from eur beloved State the terrible evils these Uy g foreshadow, and restore to the people of South Carolina that noble independence which formerly distinguished their character, and led them to rebuke the exercise of undelegated power, and in every emergency to think and act for themselves Lam very truly, my dea Ponsetr. Write Hovss, Pee Dee, Feb. 7, 1851. will, without being con- ir, yours, Tho Examination of the Boston Gam! {From the Boston Journal, March 10.) At an early hour, this morning, the persons tested in the gambling houses on Saturday night, as mentioned on the first page of this paper, began to be conveyed from Leveret street jail to the lock up tn the basement of the court house, preparatory to being brought before the police court, severally to answerto complaints made by city marshal Tukey, charging them with “being present on the evening of the Sth of March last, that being the evenirg pps the Lord’s day,” at certain game? called “props,” “dice,” and “faro.” ‘The court house was completely surrounded with knota of men and boys—the equare on the westerly side of the building being densely packed with a mess of human beings, eagerto see the prisoners as each carriage load drove up to the en- trance hall. At every arrival, the crowd would shout, and peals of laughter resounded through the sguare Bat very few persons beaides members of the bar, oflicers and reporters, were allowed to enter the room; but such was the buzz and noise of those who apparently had no particular aess there, that the reporters were unable to distinctly hear, the panies of the delinquents as they were called by the clerk. Abouta,quarter before 10 o'clock, the “last load” | Teached the court house; and ail oving ready, at 10 o'clock, forty of the prisoners were marched into the pclice court room, before his Honor, Judge Cushing, and arranged around the bar ap- propriated to the use of counsel and reporters Chey appeared to be mostly mechanics aud labor- ing men; but some faces were among the aumber which were recognized as those of clerks in stores. All of them looked as though they had not enjoyed much rest since they feil into the hands of the marshal and his officers, and all appeared to velgiad that their hour of deliverance was nigh rt hand Che complaint was read; and as each name waa allied, the response of “‘yuilty’’ was heard, and each of the forty were assessed $4 anda moiety of the costs, being $4 44 to each one, and amounting in Segregete to $185 60 As fust as they plead. ed they filed off, and were passed by the marshal rato the judge's private room; and when all had estered, “the bill’ was presented, aod such as were fortunate enough to nave a sufficient amount of funda, “paid up,” and were immediately dix charged from custody; each delinquent, upon reaching the outside of the building, being greeted with cheers, or rather yells Those who were unable to cash the “bill,” were emanded back to the lecl-up, and the secoad | squad, pineteen in number, and presenting mach the same appearance as those first broughtia, were ushered in and their fate settled by the impozitioa of the same fine, muking the total assessment to each $ » which amounted in all to 0 25 These were disposed of in the eame manuer as the firet squad; and thee the third equad, numbering “pore persons, were brought in and adsessed #4 SS each, amounting in all to $86 94. These were followed by the fourth equad, consisting of eight individuals, who were taxed $5 0t each, Hl to $40 32 Two others were then assessed $5 66 each, for playing at “ faro. ‘his completed the whole aumber who were taken from the gambling houses on Saturday evening, and makes e grand total of $414 51 fines and Costs assessed upon them. Some of the more modest (?) of this large party of erring mortals, made ineflectual efforts to screen their countenances from the gaze of the spectators, and nearly all were able, either from their owa urses, or through the kindness of their attentive ends, to“ pay their taxes,” and go to their res- ctive employments. Those who were so un- ortunate as to be *short,”’ were doomed to return to the lock-up, but most likely their friends will lend them their helping hand during the day A trader of Washington street, answered to the nae of Thomas Smith, and took special care to hide his face by turning the collar of his drab over- coat. Others seemed ashamed of the company in which they were caught: and it is to be hoped that they have received @ leason which will deter them from again visiting a ambling hole | | dreds of young men have doubtless been ruined by the habits they have acquired in consequence of frequenting such places Now that the Marshal baseo well re commenced the onslaught, it is to be hoped that he will con- tinue to wage the war, vatil the city is rid of every similar ea! hment | This, we believe, is the first“ regular descent” made by the Marshal upon gambling houses for more t three years, during which time, hun- The Fugitive Stave Law in Sngiand. so TO THE FOITOR OF THE "ERALD. ‘The enclosed * gem” came across the big pond, packing box, freight paid, and is at your ser- Respectfully, A Svnscatmen TO THE BRITISH PURLIC. | 1 urge you, [exhort you, to“ turn out’ of Eagiand Abbot Lawrence. who represents the country thet he eo lately passed the Fugivs Slave ill. | _ Be ‘ber, you are in partnership with Presiden | | vice. calling out the military to enforce it a You ate the receivers of a ere poor captives are thus persecuted to produce Her Majesty's advieers have destroyed the free-labor cultivation of your oclonies, and placed you imthe of there » netions you are now im 1 with, all their cruel and HYDE thi 4 arias ihe — the ime o| ir com! ; but le ht yeheghochenyp bed raising your barriers ioet the Rev. Hngh MoNeiie to be pgton priors, for the prominent @ good Christian) in the cause of abolition Eresnres in ti So raern Rivens.—The New Orleans Preaywne, of the lat instant, aays:—We learn froma person just frem Red River, that a reat rice has tekea place above Shreveport. At jurrieane’s Bluff, the river was within eighteen inches of high Water mark and still rising at the date of our informent’s departure. The people, fearing a destructive inundation, and anxious to pre- serve their property, were moving back to the hills, toking with them all their stock and negroes. At Shreveport, on the 26th ult., the river was still | rising, and # general overflow was anticipated. | We learn from the last number of the Camden, | (Ark.) Herald, that Ouachita river had risen to | great height, ond had overflowed ite banks in many places. We learn from the Granada (Miss.) Repwhlican, cf Ube Wth wlt., that at that time Vatlabusha river wae higher than it had ever been known 4 Thees were oi deaths tn Baltimors gariag the wok | ending the 10th Inst. a {From the London Times, Feb. 22 Within the last two or three days, Pie at ad vance has been made in the propatstions for the cpenina in Me . An army of carpenters occupies centre aisle, and detachments are busily at work within the different hoardings, fitting up stalls for exhibitors. The tables on which the indus- trial products of toreign countries are shortly to be dieplayed, are in progress of Construction, and in anoiher fortnight a large portion of the space to be thus covered will have been completed. Great progress has been made in the erectioa of them, the contractors commencing operations on the south side first. Parties of sappers are engaged in the galleries, making oil the allotinents OF exhibe tors therein. In the centre of the transept, goods are being received, marked, and conveyed (o their respective destinations, under the control of the custom house officers. The portioas of the floor- ing that had noi previously been completed are be- ing rapidly laid. The light railings wich surround the galleries are nearly all fixed. The staircases are in process of conatruction, and will eoon be finished. On the roof men are busily engaged in pitching and rendering water tight the Paxton gut- ters. In every department immeuse exertions are made to push forward the great mass of work atill remaining’to be accomplished. from Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Spain, and other countries consign ments are arriving, and now our own exhi- bicors begin to send im their contributions. The ia- ternal painting of the building, too, has now been carried to an extent which admits of a pretty con- fident opinion being pronounced as to its ultimate success. A considerable space along the south gal leries, running east and West from the transept, has been finished, and, judging from the effect produced by this, and by the arched roof of the transept, we have little hesitation ia saying that Mr. Owen Jones will, after all, maintain. if not increase, his reputation as a decorator. The first specimen of his intended plan was most ay placed by him in the very worst spot that could have possibly been selected for enabling the public to form a fair esti- mate of its merits. Surrounded by every kind of object that could detract from and vulgarize it, and with not one favorable point of view for its exami- nation, the only wonder is that the violence with which it was assailed was not greater than it actu- ally proved. Under such circumstances the effects of perspective in a building so peculiar, and the ity of attending to a general pictorial design, were in @ great meaaure jostaight of. The eye, dias- turbed by strong contrasts of colors so near at hand, couldscarcely realize the extentto which these would be broken down by diatance, and by the lineal pro- portions ofthe interior,dimishing as they recede from the vision end Liat pon into one hue the moat oppo- eite tints. The difficulty has been to reader the colors used positive enough, for, the surfaces available for painting being ar narrow, the cali- co stretched over the roof will reduce aud tone down the most brilliant style of decoration, while | the immense mass of manufactured articles stretching from column to column and walling | the diflerent avenues, will completely eclipse Mr Owen Jones’s diluted oii paint. A distinguished autherity, upon this sudject, thus lays down the principles which ought to regulate the internal decorations of the Crystai Palace :—*Color,”’ he says, “when applied to small surfaces, should be clear, bright, and positive; on large surfaces it must be reduced. 0 one color should predomi- nate, and every feature of the construction should be diatinctly seen.” He points out, that there being bardly any light and shade in the building to ¢x- plain ita forms, and the iron liable to rust, and cer- tain to look dingy and heavy, recourse muet be had to painting, in order to bring out every feature of the proportions, and to carry off foreground ob- jects agreeably into distance. ifanv one color had been been used, it would decidedly have had a dull poor look, and bronze, besides the expense of it, to be properly done, would never have suited a | building the roof and ‘3 of which form one gi- gautic window frame ‘ur ideagon this subject,” eays the authority already referred to, ‘tare very veculiar, and savor of coai smoke with a | dash of puritanism. All our ancestors and all the | rest of the world have decorated their persons ana their buildings with cheerful colors, while we in | this 18th century, in this small island, are so at- tached to gray, elate color, and drab, that conid | we get at the gaudy blue aky or the glowing sun- | set we should paint them out of a“ soothing oronze tone.” It must be coafessed that we are ratner afrsid of vulgarity except in black, snuff brown, bottie green, or some such dismu! hae, and per- haps thie bent of the general taste he! ped to swell! the disapprovelof Mr Owen Jon plan when first prupound:d Whatever decision the public may ultimately come to with reference to the | merils of that plan, a safe conclusion can now be arrived at on two A i systein of inte: yet been suggeste nd the second, that the most gaudy colors will be toned dowa to such an extent thatthe eye cacnot be dis greeably affected by them. [t has been found by experiments that eight pacts of blue to tive of red, and three of yel- low, ur, which is the aame thing, to eight of orange, produc in combination a colorles- light, and, as these proportions ar peony nearly followed in Me Jones's plan, the general etlect will insome resemb'e that ofa scene fromexteroal nature, the blue say above gradually assumes more glowing Unts as the eye 1s ried downwards to the objects lying between spectator and the on. The incipal variation frem thie idea arise trom the use of red lines on the under sides of the girders and gutters, in order to mark the .neé! proportions of the building, and of stripes to vein ihe form of the columns, waich was designed by Mr Barry, andis justly admired for eauty. With reference botin to the red lines and the yellow etripes, one can hardly imagine, giaring as these look when you stand close them, the exteot to which they are absorbed b the btue and white colors beside them. The por- tron of Uh ing now finished, presents | many ver the eve, giving rise to a series of optic 3 a! most as curious as chose with which blic have been familiarreed at the Polytechai: tion by the oxayhydrogen nuicro-cope Another subject of the coup dav of the Palace, is thrown ope ment and shape of the 5 compartments for different eections of produce Over the whole of this division of the work Mr. Owen Jones exercises supervision, and his efforts have been directed, in the firet place, to secure a correspondence between the classification of ob- jects and the architectural proportions of the build- ing Forthis purpose, in the iifferent sections of produce, a distribution, as far as possible, into juad- rangular courte, will be pdopied not only will the poattion and shape of tables rendered sub servient, a# (ar ag possible, to decorative purposes, but centra! points will, if practicable, be reserved for the advantageous display of works ofart. Thus, not only will the great central avenue be adorned by statues, fountaing, and other objects calculated to gratify the eye, but within each compartment and cecton of the exhibition some effort will be made to raive the thoughts of the spectator up | to ibe connection existing between the industrial | and ine orpamental—between the products of la- bor and the laws of taste. The permission, which was ago unavoidable, accord- ed to exhibitors of building their allotments up to the girdere if they liked, has not been with- drawn: but wherever the exigencies of each case can be met by stalls reaching half way up the columns, that proportion will be adopted. By this means it is hoped that the ground area will not be too much blocked up with geods, and that specta- tors in the galleries may be allowed freely to glance from court to court beneath them. he impression that moet of the trees in the transept and on the north side of the building spoil the general effect, aj to be gaining ground, and it ig more than pro that some effort will be made to get the consent of the Commissioners of Wools and Forests for their removal. ‘The eingle tree at the south end of the transept is eo fine a piece of timber, and stan:is 0 well, that we should regret to see it cut down; but those at the other end are not so weil situated, and the greater aumber of them are quite decayed by age. As for the clamps of wood under cover elsewhere, from the elevation of the roof, they must be in the way, and no object can be served by the retention of them. Both in the centre avenue, and in the transept, fine oppor- 'd for the purposes of lecora- LJ = ba works of art be disp here, but remarkable epeciinens of raw produce, such os great blocks of coal, and contributions from the mechanical department, as—for instance, & gigentic telercope, weighing upwards of seven tene, and one casting of which alone weighs four tons Yesterday, the principal foreivn arrivals were from Saxony. The quantity of packages received wee oot quite so great agit has been on the pre- vious ho of the week ; but goods are henceforth expected to pour in very rapidly, and the custom house people will have a buey time of it in examin- ing and ascertaining the duty chargeable on such an fmmenee mass of multifarious articles. From Frence nothing has as yet reached the Crystal Palace, but many of the contributions thence are already on their way. Our own exhibitors begin to show themselves within the building, and to make the necessary preparations Several stalls have already been erected in the south i and among them isa large one for the Coven ibands. We were yengsony to a private view of a very splendid carpet, the joint production of one hundred and fifty ladies, and intended for the exhibition. This Vere begat fl piece of work was designed by Mr. G Pap- worth, and the dotails display f great iim- Ae upon the teual style of such works ey represent a mosaic surface, embellished with wreaths of flowers, which are not exag- gerated beyond the natural sive, aad are worked upon a light ind, in order to bring out their hues more strongly. In this respect there has been a coneMerable departure from the whidh, however, wan fouod wnay ven greater importance to erier, when the Crystal the public, is t Whe Groat Lidustrial Exhi bition in Lordos, | we do | ian police at Mi not consider it an improvement. The pat- terns were painted by, and the whole land ee derthe superintendence of, Mr. W. B. Simpson, who deserves great praise for the ingenious manner in which, by Lith the exact number of stitches in each piece, he has been able to put ac- curataly together, in one fabric, the work of 150 ladies scattered all over the kingdom. The initials of the (air makere,and also of the committee by whom the matter was ori d, are all neatly wrought into the border of the carpet, which is exhibited in the roome of the Society of Arte, John street, Adelphi, and will well repay a visit. We hear that in Westminster a movement has been commenced to try and induce the commis- sioners to delay till the lst of July, the throwing n of the exhibition at Is entrance fee. The object of this is to prevent the fashionable season being broken in upon by the crowds of the humbler classes which will throng the streets of the metro- is. Itie apprehended that if, upon the 22d of the doors of the Crystal Palace are opened at alow rate to the mechanic and the artizan, the wealthy and the noble will fly from a scene of such turmoil and confusion as London will present. We lieve that the fears thus conjured up are ground- jess; but if they were not, and if commissioners listened to such an application, the pepularity of the exhibition would inevitably be destroyed. Attitude of Austria towards Sardinia. {from the London Globe, (gov't orgau,) Feb. 20.) ‘he quarrel of the wolf and the lamb was never more faithfully acted over than in the present atti- tude of Austria towards the Sardinian court. We have had occasion, within the last few days to as- sociate ourselves to the unanimous protest of the whole London prese against the threatened annex- ation of Lombardy to the German confederation. The militery preparations of Austria have been 80 alarming--her diplomatic intervention so irregular— her politico commercial combinations on 80 vest a scale, that the organs of every party in London have raised their voice against the new enem: which the distractions of our own liberals have suf- fered to grow up till it thus threatens all the liber- ties of soutnern Europe. And the very moment when the indications of this sweeping ambition are setting every contemporary cabinet in motion, is chosen by the Austrian government for com- plaining of the turbulence and aggressive tenden- eres of the little realm of Piedmont. We make no doubt that Austria finds, and will long con- tinue to find, many obstacles to her quiet admin- istration of the “Lombardo-Yenctian provinces. The upper classes, in whose love for Ligne and social ease even a foreign government general- ly finds its surest auxiliary, are incurably alienated by Marsha! Radetzki’s avowed policy of attacking | the poorer population by confiscating the domains of the Littas and Borromeos to its benefit. The repeated exceptions from the mock-amnesties suc- ively accorded, still exclude a large body of citizens from the Lombard soil ; and their enforced connection with the victims of every other Italian | reaction makes them a hundred times more danger: ous thea would be the caee if they were allowed to resume their former way of life uader the Aus- fan. Butif Austriais not able to correct these inconveniences, we are quite sure re pret the help of any other power, and cs- Sardinian cabinet x et is exhausting itself in the e‘Turt to ritating recollections of the late war, and by vigileatly guarding the constitution, to pre- veut the possibility of another revolutionary out- | break ‘The few’ pertisans whom Mevzini can covnt in Turin are indefatigable in eppealing to M. d’Azeglio’s tong-euflering and inoffensive poli- cy ag an addi Uproof that Italy has nothic hope from a ro government. Even in th process of Archbishop Franzeni. the ministry nO antaponists so troublesome as the violent op- ponent: of the sacerdotel power ia Parliament in the police-offices, in its rigorous applicitioa | of all jegal resources for the reservation of tranquillity, the & jan governnent is literal ly depopulatising iteelf honest exertions tor the cause of “order,”—in a far truer sense than apy in which that mi» ed word ean be ap- plied to the arbitrary regime taat obtains in Hun- gary or Lombardy. But there are certain things which are as impossible to Sardinia as they must be to any government with the slightest eelf- respect. And the first of (hese impossibilities ie the sacrifice of the refugeee whose identification with the Sardinian cause in the war of indepen- | dence, adds adouble force to the obhgutions of ordinary hoapitality The aumerous Lombwrd ex- iles at present fesident on the Sardinia te form the text for the vast Austrian ar n course of concentration on the Piedmontese fron- tier There uever was a power that could mike claims on this score with a worse grace thin ue House of Austia lier communications with the Sardinian court prooably represent the expulsion of the ex- i rom her ceighborhood as a aecessury condi- Ui ral tranquillity, Ltiaa eutti- recisely simi- y that ehe has madi ands where no such a Hy ais here ld powstbly exist; a at while she gerrisouiog Hamburg, we about their abseuce from Venice rena and It ig nll very weil to talk of the alarnnog sy mpto of a movement oa the s Switzeriand or ¢ j but when Austria & ! ain North any tight to this Hulsemann’s correspondence with Mr {ine preseace of ber exil: , the Darred hereelf of eve athe tendencies og ts victims n the limits of choose berween egho and Prince Schwarzenberg, we can not be at a lose which opinion tot internanoval decorum. We repeat the best means of being acquainted with the mitti xettions of the Sardiaiaa cabinet tc whatever irritation exists within its frontiers, and to ensure he future strength of the morarchy by sacrifice of all present exciting or ambitious There 18 @ port, hower mt indicated plainiy eaoug of the cruek despotiom whichis ht wston cammot go; and the o nuance e present pressure o n Sardiuia will iadi- S an imprudence which even the receady adopted habits of the Austriaa cabinet have not prepared us to expect. cary the Wifth of Fra Manifesto of of Paris, on the subject of a letter addressed by the foun Chambord to M. Berryer, on the occasion of the remarkable speech of the latter onthe 1th of January, the jonal Assembly. It was said that this letter waa a gort of expos of principles, us remarkable for judgment, as for elevation of senti- ment and noblenees of diction. I have obtained a copy of this letter, and [ hasten to communicate it ill probably appea' et ign iti and ey magect the chief of ‘the illustriov house of Bour- Ca The document will, there is ‘ittle doubt, be received in France with satisiaction—a feeling which will be participated in by all who regard with interest whatever may affect the destinies of this cou ¢ lette ee hk rievreier. Jon, 28, 1861 My dear Recryer —I have just read the Monifewr of ITth January, and I am unwilling to lore a moment in testifying to you my great satisfaction and my gr: tude tor the adm! peech you pronounced in the ofthe 16th You are well aware of the fact -al- Lam pained at sometimes sesing my thoughts a distorted, the rtainly due to incere lan- ty thoug! and my intentions misrepresented interest ot F. is for me © forgotten it. That is the policy of fom, of fusion which Pop se ale, it: damental principle of archy would sot not in her. be the movareny, I know that suffice for all the wants of Franos if it wi mony with its sooial condition, ite manners, its inter este; and it Framce did not recognize and accept the neeesity of it with confidence 7 respect for m: country is equal to my love for it. | honor ite ¢ Mzation and ite glory of the present day asl do traditions and the souvenirs of its past history, Th: maxims {t has so much at heart, and which you have — at the tribune, vis , eyuality before the Ine iberty of conscience. the free accers for all species of merit to public offices, to all men, to all rocial advan. all these inet lightened and coetgty ave sae to me as to you—se to all To give to these princ' all uat- t antees necessary to them, by of inetit cosformebie to the wirhes of ip of political inert! at Ls Guisted an syeuy respected—such is olject of my ambition. I dare hope, that wit the sid of all good citizens, of all the members of my family, I not be wauting Im cc nor in per: reverance to accomplish thie work of national restora. tion. which is the only means of rendering so France & long perapective of happiness, without woich th sent even tranquil as it In, must sver oooasio quietude and sterility. After *o many iesitudes and fruitiess Franee, enlightened by her o periencs, will her. felt discover, [ fral confident. in what direction are her Dest destinies, The day on which she shall be oon: yineed that the traditional and secular principie of hereditary monarchy is the surest guarantee Lor che stability of her government and the developement of Mberty. ehe will find in mea Frenchman devoted aod anxious to rally round him all the capacitics, all tue lithe glory, all the men who, by their ser- e merited the gratitude of the country I renew to you. once more Berryer bert thanks, aud beg of you to nue, whenever cocarion presents iteell, to speak as you have done, with much success a priatensss, Let u to the , our loyal int what the Al tetale, my deat ‘ood deal has been said in the political saloons | in some of the Pa- | Which ls the best Route tothe Pacific’ ‘TO THE RbITOR OF THE LONDON TIMES, Sir:—The mist of uncertainty and oblivion in which all relating to the Isthmus of Darien has for centuries been purposely enveloped, on account of the prejudices of the Spanish Governmeat, ar until very lately, to have been perpetuated an transfe! to our own generation. It is only been since our trapsatlantic friends have ev #0 much energy and ente in making the present route by Panama the high road to their ‘‘new Eldorado ” that we have been aro to something like a con- viction that it dispensable that we, too, as a great maritime nation, should act, and satisfy our- selves as to the practicability of opening a great ship canal through some part of central America. Cuptain Fitzroy’s paper, lately read before the Geographical Society, gives a most able summary of the various lines of communication which have been at different times proposed, and each of which has its supporters. Although Dampier, Humboldt, and all travellers, nearly egree that the lines proposed by the Lake of Nicaragua or by Tebuantepec have the disadvan- tages of stormy seas, pestileat climates, and un- stable foothold, from the violent and frequently recurring earthquakes and the restless volcanoes in their vicinity, still it may be a question for our brethren on the other side of the Auntie whether the advantages of the immediate vicinity to their own favorite Mississippi, and the ntighborhood of their own territory in passing to their rich north- westera dominions, may not so far outbalance the drawbacks I have mentioned as to induce them, with their fresh energy and indomitable spirit, to encounter all, and invest an immense capital in cut- ting a canal very much longer and more expensive than would be necessary at Panama, so as to secure the quiet possession, near their own homes, of a ready traneit from one great point of their dominions to the other. With us, however, it is different. Our posses- sions in the West Indies, our intercolonial trade, the beaten tracks of our great steamers, our terri- tory in the Indian and South Pacific Oceans, to- ether with tae immense British commerce flowing In one uninterrupted stream all along the south- west coast of America, from Panama to Valparaiso, would lead us to select, if possible, a route more immediately opposite to our own distant coloni over a more tranquil sea, and by a country 38- ing a mere healthy climate. We can afford, ihere- fore, to give up, without regret, the Tehuantepec and Nicaragua lines, and turn to the Isthmus of Darien for the wished for outlet to the southern ocean We have there one of the two routes to choose— the “Atrato”? ine, and that by ** Panama.” Itis not for me to endeavor to enbance the advantages ot the Panama say detracting from or suowing t | the edvantages o Arato one, but in simply al- luding to the very disproportionate distances be- tween that line and the diminutive belt of almost 1¢ Jord, which, in a short forty miles, (and that avigable by river) divides the two oceans mus of Panama, I will try to illustrate, by he facilities this line possesses for a cheap, permanent, and efficient canal, for the largeft ships | ua er Majesty's navy. To begin with the Atiantic side, the little harbor at the mouth of the river Chagres itself, now gives shelter for vegsels; and om croseing a bar. having twelve feet or more, they can enter a beautiful river, without for a great distance shoals or rocks, an: with soundings of from four to six fathoms. But immediately cloee to Chagres is the extra- | 01 jinary indensation ia the coast forming the beau- tiful end secure harbor called the Bay of M inzi or, as our marine have christened it, Navy i ‘flua haven ia about five mules in width, with | imeny Coves and harbors within it, and six fathoms | depth ot water, gradually dee: jing to four and ‘two lathoms. It ba® neither sunken rocks nor reefa, snd may be entered day or night, and with a fresh breeze almost elways blowing. ‘The whole Coast is surrounded by the most luxuriant cocoa- nut frees, and in auch vast numbers, that our sail ore were in the habit of cuttiog them down, to save themselves the trouble of clumbing for the fruit. It ig @ most favorite anchorage for our men-ot- wer and steeiners, and, although used bi-monthly for many years, no casualty from bad weather or | bad enchoroge hus ever, i beheve, happened = lia opening is to the north, und the winds blow either NE. or 8.8 W. at the diilerent seasons, so that there ‘s little fear vt exposure, and that ex. posute, under any circumstances, 16 not eo perilous our ewn coast; aad, for temporary shelter. there is Porto ete, one of the most beautiful and sofe harbors in the worid, although trom its being i es by towering mountains it is very un- health Witkin three miles of this fair harbor runs the river Chegres, through a gofe trap rock, with a hard | bottom—no sheals, rocke, or rapits—with nearly perpendicular sides, ed in most places to the ¥ edge with fine t trees, and in Others ¢x hi into verdant * studded with hain- Jets and villages. Poe LU. Broja, aod for miles vpwerds Lo the jonotion ot river ‘Crinidad, tnis He stream porsesses « cons able depth; 80 does the Trinidad fora short distosce, showidg a fine country, refresh eosonable breezes, and force gineeting works of ly 8 cequired a eamal, just such a one as the Caledonian cunal, bet fer less extensive, to To complete the ad we have atno great Californian a district in “C. ”” as compare- tively rich in gold as is the territory— abounding, too, with caout valuable dyewoods, spices, and precious resins. ier’s quotations will again help me in my assertions. Speaking of arivens of the Galt « San he saya, “I ave been told, besides what gold the; Out of the ore and sand, they font Met 7 as big ae « hen’s egg, and bigger, we in betweea the rocks. Such an one Mr. Hi lbs. of gold there) fh a kept by him; it hi Veshiseaea ee The observations I have submitted will be borne out in the pampiters I forward. They have been ably supported by Mr. Glyn in his paper read be- fore the Institution of Civil Engineers, June 28, 1847, end published in their nansactions. Captain Foster, of the Chanticleer, lost his life in verifying my observationa, which were ‘in mi- nutely investigated by Sir Edward Belcher. Fi- nally, English, Spanieb, French, and German ea- ineers have trodden the ground, under perhaps tter auspices than I did, and none have contra- dicted, most have supported, my opinions. I feel, therefore, that I can with truth, honor, and agood conscience ask my countrymen to con- quer the remaining apathy that may exist, to take up with their wonted energy a work which is pe- culiarly fitting to become a national one, and te mapper and encourage further investigations. ask you, eir, to support me in ti asition 1 have already made, that a conference be held of the members of our Institution of Civil Engineers, ofthe Royal Geographical Seciety, and others in- terested in science and commerce, with a view to sending out to Central America two or three young men, distinguiebed in their profession as to; a phical and civil engineers, and koown for thett probity, their energy, and their talent, to examine into and r«port on the two proposed routes in the Isthmus of Darien. They will have the advantage of all our previous experience snd all our works. Itis a brilliant op- portunity to distinguish themselves ,that many have heretofore looked for in vain. In obtaining re- nown and honor, it may vie with any former expe- dition; and the result, I feel certain, would tend to our comfort, to our social advancement, and to the future happiness and prosperity of millions Tam, sir, with respect, your obedient servant, J. A. Lioyp, Her Majesty’s Surveyor-General and Civil Engineer-im-Chief. Athenwum Club, Dec. 21, 1551. .. Kossath and his Companions. From the voluminous correspondence, relative to Kossuth and his companions, transmitted by the President to the Senate on Tuesday last, the Na- tromad Intelligencer, selects the subjoined, a8 com- priving the portion which at the present moment will be most interesting to the public: — TMENT OF Brave Wasntncron, February 22, 1861 i —Being desirous to know the exact 0: which the Hungerian exiles are, and what ¢ tious of the Turkia pposed regard to them,I would be obliged to you if you would give me euch infor: on this subject as you may possess. Yours, respectfully, DANIEL WEBSTER. Joux P Brown, Esq., Dragoman ot the U 8. Lege tion at Constantinople MR. BROWN TO THE (HER eTARY 0: sraTE. Wasnuvcron, February 23, 1851. Sir:—I have had the bonor to recetve your letter of the 24d inetent, in which you are pleased to request <hut [ should communicate to the department what- ever informstion I may possess respecting the cireum- stances connected with the detention of Mr. Louis Koseuth and bis companions, now in Kutayish, in Asia ‘inor; and Loma ag leave to lay before it the following statement: When, in September, 1849, Mr. Korsuth and hi ppanions tied trom Hungary and satety in the dominions of the Sultan of Turkey from ibe upited forces of Austria and Rusaste, amounted to the Emperors of Austria and Russia Be Bultan of Turkey, whose prot ol nm the; 4, should deliver them up, and t the nerourly refused to acoede to their demands, ‘The Sviten, how f triend), t they might designate. requested that all the Poles should be expelled from Turkey; and consequently the Sultan sent to Malte rome two hundred steamers. and they bi perse: end Belgium. The Emperor of Avstria arked the de tention in Turkey of such of the Hangerian chiets as he might name iv « list, which would be given to the Porte by the Austrian Legation at Constantinople 1n the meantioe w large number of the refugees an eaped trom Turkey, through the generous connivance of the Turkish authorities, and made their way to the diferent parts of Burope, and even to the United Te this manner the original number of tha. came very much diminished offer to detain the Iiungariat ol Husion to equently de wit belending the goverzment that Mr. Gin ite hat should be detail: were and a perous Sultan pro The dcetrivu govermment sw ite demand to twenty. fitteen tive yeare but the Baltan cemained firm at his offer of ope yeur It was questioned previous to my depart only one year atly diminished ten, @nd fleally to | enter by Lio Grauce, or otherwise, the vast and beavuatul bay of ama! once the em- porum of the 4 d, and still a beauufal, cicarly, and healthy ¢ Such auventeges and facilities for a great mari- time depot are possessed by few countries in the old word. Ap extraordiaarily smooth and tran quil sea, nesther ro‘!ed by storme por agitated by cublerranean cutastropnes, a fair side wind to and * | {osm its shores towards our distant Colonial posses- sione, with such a wondrous daily oscillation in its toes, amounting to f to even 27 feet rise | end fell, thet for every purpose of shipping and ship building, waich could be required in docks, it equals sore of the most fevored havens on our own coast. | The wh bay is one vaet anchorege, and the | | lovely ads which grace the glassy surface of | the Pacific, within from three to seven miles, con- tain the finest anchosayes in 14 fathoms water; | the most excellent water, beeides fruit and pro- | visions, in abundance was my?tcif in the Brandy wine frgate when she took in water and provisions for & Voyage in a iew hours The city iieelt, built on an extraoramnary penin- sula, is on fine and dry soil, backed up by fertile plains, whence a refreshing breeze is felt, and whee thourande of cattle graze. A fine river of freeh water (the Rio Crande) einpties itself to the west of the city, ond the whole bay exstward is intersected by rivers, from the banks of which is e richest and most varied timber. [ have endeavored to show thaton the le exists a well-Loown and convenient ivarbor for the largest ships: that, to reach the other ocean, there only intervenes a little aeck of land, some 25 mules across (1 have eeen the two eres atthe same imoment from an emineace, | have bathed in both withia the 24 hours), through a pertof whickrun navigable rivers in the right | direction; thet the great back bone of the Aades does not run acroes t e ground, only dotted complete the advan in favor of the rock is easily ed, and th re iuaumera- ble guedradas er little rivers to supply water, so as to supply the few locks which would be required L ad of uuhealihy swamps and desest plains, a (air and beautiful city already furnishes a lemaporary resting place to the thousands who would and do pars thie spot; and stores, arsenals, capacious buildings and workehops—the vestiges of older 0 Pe exist, to become available to any spirite: ny Who mey, and! am most positive soon will, take advantage of such | * I cannot better conclude my notice of Panama itself than by transcribing | \wrally the Bu caniet Dampier’s own description of the place He saye—‘About four leagvestrom old Panama, near the riverside, stands New Panama—a very handeome city,in a spacious bay of the same same, into which dieembogue many long and navigable rivers, some whereof are not withow! besides | that it is beautified by many ple country about it affording a delightiul prospe | the cea by reason of the variety of adjacent hi valleys, groves, and plains. he ‘ouses ar the moat part # brick, and pretty olly., espe y the President the churches, he monasteries, and other public structures, which make the best show I ever saw in the West ladies. This city has a vost traffic, &e.” Again, “Dut Panama ws seated tn a nich better air, as enjoying the benefit of sea @ind from tea to eleven in the forenoon to eight or nine of the clock at night, and the land wind from nine till she morning; be-ides that, Panama having on the land side an open champagne country, it is seldom tron- bled with fogs, nor is the wet season, which holds from Mey to November, so excessive’ tte de scribes aleo the beauty of Taboga. To such a country | have endeavored to point your attention; to such @ county | invite the no- tice of the rising generation of engineers. An in — of my notes im the Transactions of the Geographical Suciety, will show Usat the whole sificent timber, in & Bs iting a canal, Country porseages the most ma; forests abounding with wild 8, deer, winged game, raboite, We: that there excellent baild- ing and limestone, Licious sed in abuadanee b ‘istics prove what riches in cattle, horses, and pro visions che country possesse The populatioa would gladly work for feasonn- ble “ages. Part of a fine country might be possi- exenanged, in purchase for onr aimoe' valueless “Calombian Gonds ' Finally, a phuanthropie © mtiment might be pr bly carried out, for we should have fur our ne noble and high cour i, since their existen re the yoke of an European nation, and are yet unconquered, and whe from their childhood ht to lisp “Me love In- glieman Their first connexion with Uoglishmen riginated @ith the buccaneera, and they have pinoe kept up a trade with the Americans, but will feeld av tatercourse with Spamarda. ure frow Constantinople, when the year offered by the Beltan rhould commence. and when terminate tossed the Danul in the month of September, ce with that syent, and end in the n the following year ox it might com- # date of the ‘stot the tadividuale jan govermment desired whould be —thet ie to say [ May 1850 (#hen the bist wee by mutue. ement to be closed) ips Dich case the period of their detention would terminate with the month of May ct the present im the antime Mr oseuth, with some Sve co thirty others nemed in the list, and rty more. who, at their own requert, were al- share in the extle of their iste Vovernor, ware | aod wribe reugees had | emend Turkey might com ood av it seer me'ia tidenor velliance eoutinue small monthly eUpend ow ury Those who d did not leave ths country, enietance a into very destitate ct + ‘ound employment lept Mesraimen; others were em; sarmy and a good aumber embri ope of receiving military preterment tions were made among the foreign levat' emoog the forelen residents in Pera for the the more needy aod the Turkish ministers never tallied to ald thors whors peculiar Jestitucion wasmade nto them. the position of the affair whea / left Com and in the expect Kossuth was to be terminate In the month of last Sep hove iL Incpie. May 20th of Inst on that the year for which’ 5 detained wou! tember. I fn! bern released. lieved that he would, ere thi din the enjoyment of the & of liberty in United Staces romise, contained in his autog peror of Avstria, which accepting the gene od Vreaident to com is friends to the Usited our public vessels, which offer was mm leet J netantinople. The Sultac, I ow has no desire or interest in ¢ nience which it occasions him. iat th, ish goverpment decided not te permit him to veyed this country in the steamer M ississipp proposed to it for that purpose, som cilnisters expressed the most posi in *Mich 1 still place confdence—that bis de- tention should not be prolonced beyond the period of ome Jens the Turkish government t co send the Hungarians an s stonmers. in case bis would provide 8 for their conveyance to this country and, from the cireu socer thet the period of their departure from Turkey would have beem sbons the menta of September, one year from the aete of their entrance into th dominions, [ am induc ye thot M. Kossuth would have been of . The Minister resident, not feeling him- ie should offer netantinople mmder had brought mia to Con- bere of the embark them Dad given te each one one thousand piastres, ($40) with which to decray their expenses to thir couatry, where (hey were desirous of proceeding. for the pur pore of exgagivg In agricvitural pursuits, The same et adda Uaat, at that time, there was nothing cer- tain \aown about Mr Koasuth’s releases In vlew ofthe preceding, | would respectfully eug- geet that the President direot the Minister resident at Conptantinople to w ascarly af practicable, te | the Tor! ish govermment. the offer of his late lame: predecesror vo convey Mr. Kossuth, és as may desire to accompany jn one of oar pubiic vessels ry ‘him, to the Umited For this purpose, eamer oe now im the Mediterranesn squa- t oruered to totion whiel roceed to Constantino, al- | oppor | Nobtened ministers to carry their into otieet without exeitl biel sir, with great respect, your JOHN P. BROWN U, 6. Dragomes. ‘Weosrea Beoretary of State & Toa. Davie Naval Intelligence, A board, composts of Commtacree Morris and Perry, end Capt. Breses, to LA) Hs, ramiee, ye | int at Washin, Oowrt the cere of Livut Clason C