The New York Herald Newspaper, March 5, 1851, Page 6

a ‘PROFESSOR @REEN’S ORATION. exercises of this institution Friday evening last, at the College, b sureet, in the presence of a large and audience, when the degree of doctor of as conferred on twelve young gentle- President of the faculty. roceedings were commenced by prayer. Woop, Esq , then came forward, and said 6 ammoumee that the New York Medi- had reselved to confer a degree upon a oung gentlemen who had gone through ree of etudiee, and who had also at Mfular course of lectures in the institu ‘ood then read the report of the Cu mmending the candidates to the de; ors of mei The attainments of the en were spoken of vy the Curators in a very ome manner. After the reading of the re- finisl Wood, on behalf of the College, said he conferred upon them the e of doctor of medicine, and added that they Id be addressed by one who was more compe- it to do justice to the subject than he was. Gaxen then came forward. He begau by , that having spent macy weeks in intimate eable union—we imparting and you learn- the elements of medica! knowledge—we are d to separate. You, the firstlings of this ion and the corner stone of our pal conservators and restorers of public ice the precepts you have here learned. he corriculum which now closes, we, your ms, have had frequent occasion to refer to medical lights in the Euro; firma- to those whose earthly career Hunter, Beli, Cooper, Larry,Bichet, '—but to many now on the stage, 4 r, Clark, Forbes, Loi of nota few stars in our pro- pugh shining at this side of the t worthy of European fame. At proportion of American names dical course is much larger than we, who now now teach, were nd | am persuaded that the i still more and more increase ween the old world and new at of dependence and patron- ity amd independence. Accord- attention, and that of thie audi- Considerations which indicate to that our profession, in all its branches, Pd to make great advances in this country, the day is yet coming when we shall not of ve returned an equivalent for all we have xeceived from the professional savans of Europe, but shall, moreover, in our turn, take the léad in the ive march of the science of medicine. iam to believe that advancement in the healing art im our own country will be more and more, whew I survey our progress in other arts. Those arts which promote material well being were natu- rally, im @ new @ountry, first dev all those arts which, though sitiric: called averisD by hsle, are pre-requisites to liberal culture, we are unsurpissed. For ages our sailing vessels have been unrivalled. Asto the use of steam—in virtue of Ficch and Fulton, a my- riad miles of railrow@ are traversed; and we have as many steamers as all the world beside. A distin- guished foreigner has deciared steam the “ Ameri- | can element.” With regard to labor saving machi- nery of all sorts, we have adopted none which we have not improved; and most improvements that | have been recently introduced into English manu- | fagtories are conf by Enghsh writers to be of American inv The records of our Patent Office presepa’a fist of inventions without a parallel, andar” few! most ingenious devices that we saitk European, would be found to be of domestic ongin did not lack of capital or encouragement at and | her hand we have been led to | | body, it is sincerely hy oad’ M “f by which, in other sclanase, the jomena of na- ture have been unravelle etc study of medicine has been characterized in a greater degree zo ie ered dcloguia 4 vat it e ly | constant ation and explosion of theories ; | that its professors in every age have been noted for the tenacity with which they have c! to opin- ions, and for the unanimity with which have resisted the introduction of the most valuable dis- coveries; that they still continue to disagree in respect to the treatment of diseases as old as the human race,” &c., &c.—assertions, which, in the main, we emphatically deny. We deny that prac- titioners of medicine in all ages have more given to tbe invention of theories than to close ob- servation and the accumulation of facts; we deny that the study of medicine has been distinguishe: by the constant promulgation and expositien of theo- | ries. The lecturer continued to combat the opin- iens of the judge at great length, and concluded as follows. Addressing himself to the young gentle- men who were to receive di he said: We welcome you, then, to a noble profession a TO- fession with reason said to have been derived from | the god of music, since its province is to keep in tune | a harp of a thousand strings. May we henceforth be rivals in mind, but brothers in heart. You are the firstlings of our handsand hearts; you lead the van of a legion that in years to come shall issue from these labor of our lives shall be to make this i ition such that you s always be proud of your alma mater. Let it be your still-renewed en- deavor that she may be ever proud of you as her sons, her first-born, and the beginning of her strength. After Doctor Green hi was greeted with several rounds of applause. ir. Wood then addressed a few remarks to the [sponge who received their degree, after which 7 ey received their certificates, and the meeting | broke up. ‘The Christian Art. THE LECTURE OF MR. HUNTINGTON. On Monday 24th ult., Mr. Huntinaton delivered a lecrure on this topic, at the gallery of the National Academy of Design. The lecturer commenced by saying that, before he entered on the subject, he | would say that it wasone which had been selected for him, by the gentlemen who acted as a com mittee in conducting the present course of lectures. He might, therefore, be excused for any appearance of audacity for venturing on a theme so sacred and which should be approached in a profoundly | reverential spirit. It may not be uninteresting | even, at this state of the course, to state the cir- cumstances under which it originated. Some months since, a proposition was made before the Academy of Design, (I believe by Mr. Edmonds,) to appoint a certain evening in each of the winter months, for a general meeting of the artists of this city, for the promotion of a more intimate acquaintance, or for the general interests of art. | This is but one of those movements now taking place in the Academy of Design, by which it ia pro- posed to pcpularize and throw open wide the doors of the institution, that it may be emphatically the home of all artiste, in every department. One of the firet things which grew out of those meetings was the present course of lectures, and the new impulse which has thus been given to the artistic Curtis), to be, aot the spasms of " 0 be not the ms of death, but the throes of birth.” "It is intended, 1 believ t the present series shall be a prelude to another, in which the more practical principles of art, as well as the distinct departments, shall be treated,—such as Greek sculpture, color, drapery, landecape, art, &c. How soon this may be brought Prag I have not yet learned. The meeting just alluded to, has been characterized by Cee good feeling—artiats generally feel friendly towards their brethren. The world, how- ever, has some misteken notions about the seati- ments of painters towards each other. It is often home ofven drive our inventors abroad in quest of the my f realizing their ideals. The London | journal which has few predilections in | be or, admits that our last census shows an | instance of material and ind: | developement | unparalleled in the annals of nations.” May we | not, theretcre, hope that our compatriots will be, if not the first, yet among the first of the eompetiters of the approaching Worid’s Exhibition in the mam- moth Crystal Palace. But [ pass to our progress | tw may be deemed the higher arts. Our pemi- | tentiaries, as well as our asylums for the insane, | the blind, and helpless of every name, have been ‘nspected by foreign experts, and have taught them lessoue. Our toleration, or rather our equal- of all sects; our representative system; our alhoun, Clay, and Webster; Taylor, Jackson and Scott; | hools and our common people, have extoried the admiration of the most ppreciative judges throughout the earth. It is ROW Fo lime to ask who reads an American book, since we can boast in law of Marshall and Story— in divinity, of Edwards and Channing—in history, | of Prescott and Bancr of Webster and Robin: and Dupanceav—in fiction, Cooper—in poetry, | Bryant and Longfe|iow—and, asa fuvorite of all the Muses, our classic Irving. Who of us believes that medicine, in any of its departments, will prove, as here developed, an exce n to the rule which ve te wewail in other arts, whether mechanical or comma 9 al? In the progress which I behold on every *iGe, at home and abroad, | read cheering «mens good thinge im store for my own choses art. VYhe profession of medicine will make progress if Our country, because of our | commercial and eclettic character. We are to- day the second among cor cial nations. We shall soon be the first, for ou untry is the key- stone of an arch formed by the earth, embracing oceans on the east and » By reason of our commerce, we shall kne ry coraer of the earth more intimately (he other natioas, and we shall know tne more, since we are inquisitive to a proverb M composed of ments that have been bro together from the feur winds of commerce. The East Indians have given us our croton oil—the Arabians the se of mercury—the Turk « inoculatic the Mexi- jalap—and the Peraviaas bark ere truly of an eclectic char r, we shall all due adventage of the resources allorded us merce—we are ourselves an eclectic people, of Corinthian brass, resuliing from the fusion nation, k odred and tongue— , Pluribus Unum, our national ito, describes our national character. Hence, we hope that among our characteristics, be- German depth, French tact, and English efficient from being and such aa exemp nat we shall view no my. The legiti- lead us to ap- hh adopting ical, in the remarks on id that the free- is country, from . all rendered mo ricanized, there wil) national preju tee light of an c age, i all endeavors to reform old some Who would uropean States postmasters with mment is thrown em of practice. Can Paicians being app . the whole influcace of ‘or of some particular wate of things be fav je to untramelled in- tion, wf the reducing ctice any aeW prin- ciple however valuable ! n many parte of Europe the number of phys 8 of other govern- ment officials, is limited, se that a young genius, be fore he can begin pra may be obliged to t s ecore of yeare id Ae yOr those in office flort, compared to such ves! itionizing our pro not retrogressive. He ten track,and fall behind find his occupation gone profession we have nglish prime nunister used to wich at every political duiner, namely pinistration, aod a stfong opposition.” odies,” soys Jocias, m wi ow lien B= coltision’™ % = iund intr of ebitfeversy. Give me, y Opponents if professional oppo have - give me n of erudition and ath, bue esional Ninevites discern by heir right hand and ft hand Leetaret ten the me referred to the connex- profession and the he dwelt at con- neluding that topie tive connexion of # and its depend- tadle, he could an opinion he medical profes. the Judges of this adicial decision,— to the vandal aveg » besides their o»\) ized by & pedantic from some antiquated ‘ors to show that no tever hii jomenta, m one who practises any stem, this judicial func- | read from the New Yor ueners of medicine, in all iven to the invention of rvation, and the patient inclined more to that inductive process | en | of frame would be suitable for a room hun; | rose colored curtain: said, the artists are a careless set of madcaps and oe devile—always quarrelling with each other— cause Torrigiano threw his hammer at Michael Angelo and broke his nose, and gentle Dominichi- no wes driven from Naples by the persecutions and alf-drawn daggers of the savage ——— and, our own times, Newton was kicked down along | flight of stairs by his uncle, Gilbert Stewart. The impression has gone abroad that artists are always at loggerheads. There can be no greater mis- take. Perhaps I er Ger excused for saying there is no profeesion which leads to a more fraternal spirit than that of painting. Possibly, the sculp- turers, from the use of the hammer and chisel, may into more pugnacious habits. | kaow that the artists, as a class, are excit- able and passionate; but, at the same time, if | may eay it, that should not, the artists are be- nevolent, generane, forgiving, and whole anpled: a little impatience may be allowed, when, alter be stowing weeks of love and toil upon a picture, and fancying the work full of interest and beauty, one is met by the remark from some patronizing critic, “that’s @ nice size for a picture,” or ‘ what style with An occasional grow! must needs follow such trials. Such is the artistic tem- Ft but what is all this to the purpose!—enough. vet us paes to the consideration of the subject al- lotted to me, which is—Christian art. {shall not attempt to treat the subject historically, but oniy generally, and beg the audience to indulge me in a desultory and careless arrangement. Art ~ be considered ae Christian in three respects—first, as being eo in its very nature; then, as nominally eo; end, finally, as inwardly and positively so. In these divisions, there is a correspondence to the characters of the human race. All men are C in that they are the children of Christ, the : and whether ‘hey will or no, in their very being and powers, the images of his person and the evidences of his goodaess. Again, very many are co in name; professing the creed, prac- tising the morality, and speaking the language of the religion But thoee only, it will be granted, are truly end wholly Christian, whose inmost hearts are penetrated, as well as their lives governed by the divine principles of faith and charity. After making a few more prefatory remarke, the lectur- er proceeded to say that “ All artis, in one sense (that sense to which I have alluded), generally Christian, The simplest tracing of an outline by the bend of a child, when spontaneous, is an ex- ercise of t reative faculty, and is no small roof of hie claim to an immortal parentage and in- Peritanee Those feeble lines scrawled by an infant on the scrap of paper with which it plays at his mother’s feet, and which bears some dim resem- blance to a living being, are but the dawnings of that power, which the Almighty has coaferred on his children of shaping, from the unmeaning chaos of matter, forms of beauty, and of reproducing all, but the breath of life, his own sole prerogative Whenever the artist puts forth his wand to cail into being e true work of art, he is but imitating his Divine master, and is 80 far a Christian, and it mat- ters not whether from the shapelese mass of clay he moulds the human form—or from rude earth and rock rears the atchitectural pile, harmonious ia lines—or by ariangement of sounds charms the cat and steals away the soul by divinely warbied notes —all are but reflections of the Divine, and must re- dound to the glory of the Creator. When the poet peoples the brain of the silent and solitary reader with phantasms and dreams, or, to come more home to our subject, when on the bare, flat canvas, from that blank and void, by stains of colored earth, the painter wakens to life the images of the past; when in his lonely studio, the sepulchred form throws off ite white shroud, and the lite and motion of nature begin to be deve ; whea, the repeated touches of his pen the blood see to steal gently thinneh and ig enfweca With tendery cuget, end the group, in all ite | 2 thee oye kiedles or gleams with ing force, is re vealed to ws, then is another creative act accom- plished—one more proof is added that we are the oflepring of God. It is but another echo to the p longed and ever extending song with which weWn oF vu wea first celebrated by the an- for we and they are alike the eons of 3 Every work of art is also an illustration of Christianity, in a general way, for, ia every paint ing, end in every statue, ie wrapped up the grea truths of revelation--the cre: @postacy und ever bound ; and th ot that immortal life for which we pant. Int ight, we see how high is the calling of every true artist; our pencils are bound by indissoluble inka to the past, and the coming eternity. Every work you produce, that bas eny real character, is forever engraved on your own ls, and on the souls 1| who behold it e effect you cannot. If the soul is tnunded by what you have done, woe to you, for fied, will re forever; if the soul is puri- stain is ablessings wait wpon you. Every foul fingers ; every Widle ae the blood upon murderous ehali chine on long @.pure line is juminous, and destroyed, till the very #h.oleasent pictures are longer, till that ght shall groweput out. Yes, serene and unclouded from the face of (yhich flows , There are those who would frown on all artepif injurious to the Christian religion ever, my province to answer such objectors; some of them are sincere, | doubt not, but most of them | have their eyes bent too steadily on the coarse earth at their feet. Let them look upward and around them. How fair hath the Creator made all thinge— last night's sunset, heavens with @ flood of glor » which made eo gorgeous that tumultuous pile of clouds, aod turned your river into molten geld, and gave a deeper richness to the brown forests which overhu banks That living picture you scarce glance: But there was one w gazed —_ nd wistfully a’ ", on whose soul all ite heauty is impressed for- ever, The humble landeca: despise, bas treasured up all, it im colors, if not se Our Saviour himeett cath standers to the exquisi of the lily— glory, printer, whom you and will perpetuate at least more enduring. It is not, how. ' lessons were of : ¢ u | our take 4, leason. aware that it has ina this course, that the end ertig never to teach, and, especially, never to Stacks tad gaat a lege tk al te above to teacl aie Are the holy lessons of divine law never to be impressed on the mind by the pleasing images of the poet and painter? here, then, 18 Overbeck, who, in his carteon of the Wise and Foolish Virgine, hath plainly said, “ Hav:, thea, oil in your lamps.” Let them appe ir, aad, with his chastened eye of calm faith, look a re- tne ie his impiety a waste is eae t come, angel- wi and seraph-voice and from Paradise assert eternal Providence, and justify the ways of God to man. Did Hogarth falsify the objects of art in his “ Rake’s Progress orin his marriage 4 /a mode; but, honest fellow, haps he did not mean toteach. Woaat meant ilkie, by his distraining for rent, bu: to say— “Thou shalt not grind the face of the poor.” Is Dante’s warring voice in the “ Inferno” to be strangled? and old Bunyan to be dragged down from his place arooeg creative artists, or else con- sidered so great a fool as not to have ‘known w! he was about? But I have said enough on this i For one, | believe that art isas unlimited in it isin its means; it has dominion over matter,'mind, and morals, and can never be penned, even to the thin and intangible formula woven for it by the belogged trains of German infidels and transcendentalists. Let us turn again to examples of art used for holy purposes. Poetry, i architecture, and painting, were em- ployed by divine command since the world be- gan, and for moral purposes. It is neediessto mul- tiply instances: The book of Job itself isa dra- matic poem, whose sublimity all must acknowledge, and there is no attempt in it even to conceal its moral meaning. The Almighty has smiled upon all that is beautiful, as well a3 upon all that is good and true; every art, then, that is pure and inno- cept, is approved by the All- wise, and may, ina com- prehensive sense, be styled Christian. The lecturer then dilated at great length on the beauties of painting, gave a short sketch of the lives and cha- racters of the most eminent painters of the Chris- tiam era, and concluded as follows :—Christianity is an easence, a princiole as unchangeable as Go: himself. The adoring love of Christ, a thirst for all that is holy, a joy in the happiness of men is its epirit. Imbued heartily with this, with an earnest, constant, unconquerable pursyit of knowledge and power in the art itself, we may hope to leave some way marks along the wilderness of life—some cre- ations of beauty which shall cheer the drooping Christian, and strengthen holy men im their con- the powers of darkness. Oriental E THE LECTURE OF DR. BETTNER, AT HOPE CHAPEL. On Wednesday, 26th ult., Dr. Bettner delivered, at Hope Chapel, his firet lecture on Oriental life, which bathed the whole | One carries his own lantern with a ite fenceely confined to it ¢ colore and delicate form | ¥ “ Behold, saith he, Solomon, in all bis | OVeT the body of the individual, wae not arrayed like ome of these.” His prom ae The Javanese have two kinds of | twilight is ‘VeWhich thatisland abounds in in which he principally coafined himself to a gene- ral description of the island of Java. Considering the merit and interest of the lecture, we must say that the audience in attendance was but poor. Dr. Bettner commenced by remarking that, white the western hemisphere has been almost wholly ex- lored, the eastern world is, comparatively speak- 1, remote and unknown. We kaow but little about the island of Java, and the little information we obtain 1s often very incorrect. The distance of the island from this is about thirteen thousaad miles. Itisvery difficult, on arriving there, to ob- tain information. The Europeans there are in a state ot apathy, and information can only be had by mixing among the people. The eastern hemi- oo presents to us new heavens and a new earth. ‘here we observe a greater number than we have of stars of the first and second magnitude, which imparts to the firmament an extraordinary degree of effulgence, and it is therefore not very astonish- ing that the Orientals have devoted themselves to the study of astronomy with so much predeliction as they have evinced. The voyage to the east 18 pleasent and easy. On journeying towards the equator, yeu gradually lose sight of the north star, while towarda the south pole, constellations of a dazzling brightness present themselves to the gaze of the estonished traveller. It seems that the con- stellations were known in Europe before we re- cerved their descriptions from the Spanish naviga- tors. There are also two different kinds of clouds visible, which are never seen here. They con- stantly maintain the same shape and posi:ion in the heavens. The ieland of Java lies south of Borneo, and is separated from Sumatra by the Strait of Sunda. It is about seven hundred miles long, and one hundred and fifty broad. The popu- i fi six millions. By its locality, entern waters’ Ua To RPP RE Java, rivalis atthe town Anjia. After passing the Strait of Sunda, the first land visible is @ promontory called the Java Head, and which 1s very conspicuous. Proceeding further, you see several minor to and ultimately reach Batavia, the capital of the The harbor is very spa- cious. There are sharks and alligators, whose numbers are 80 great that it is quite impossible to extinguish them. There are no wharves, and in goimg ashore you pass these sharks and alligators at every moment, who are constantly endeavoring to upset the canoes. Batavi: a Datch city, in- tersected by numerous cani The atreets are wide, and ornamented by rows of shade trees. its population is about one hundred thousand. Every nation almoet, 1s represented there—the Europeans, the Javanese, the Hindoos, the Armenians, the Chinese, the Japancee, &c., are ell commingling in Batavia, Each nation, or tribe, has a certain portion of the city to live in. The Hindoos are a diminutive race of people, Their complexion is dark, or rather bluish black, and their features prominent, mild, and prepossessing. Their coo- tume contrasts greatly with their physical ap- pearance, by using white clothes. The Armenians are natives of modern Armenia, which lies partly in Turkey and partly in Persia. They are intelli- gent, prepossessing, and very commercial. Their costume is also somewhat singular. With re- ference to the time in Java, there is the wet and dry seasons. In consequence of the extreme heat, the people constantly ride when they go out, an are obliged to change their dresses very frequently. ‘The interior of the island is much more salubrious. There sre numerous hills, long plains, and beauti- tul valleys, in @ very high state of cultivation. Batavia is very unhealthy, and particularly so to European and American constitutions. He said, that in a period of only twenty-two years, there were in the city of Batavia alone, more than a mil- hon of deaths. There is no intermission of heat, as it aleo cont ein the by ba the night The Europeans transact their busmess during the day time, and then remoye © their residences in the country. The night in these regions 13 one of the most sublime epectacies that can be imagiaed The moo#hght eo bright that there is not the slightest difficulty in reading any kind of priat. T = always conveyed | travel with small | mount of electric ficid in the air is some times so great that you see nothing but con- stantly flash upon fi hear the echo as it hills of Javea, and die rebounded from the way in the distance nudity, with the exception of the loins. Their limbs ere beautifully formed. The ladies are very digni- fied, and their manners as modest as those of Euro- eens. peal upon peal, and | county, at the period referred to, with which i z slongalde ofthe cat rua ol of althier and respectable citizens. productions of this island are the richest and moet diversified in the world. Rice is very plenty. bi wales tee inGonen. yomarkable ; dating - season, if you tap this tree, you will procu fg of fresh water. The mangestine is the finest frit existing ; it has the shape of a walnut; it ia of white color on the inside, and when put into the mouth melts awry, The darien is the greatest anamoly in the world, asing the most delicious flavor with the most disagreeable odor. There is 8 great quantity of pine apples, and purest green oranges. Trees are very abundant ; the most cu- rious is the soap tree, from which the natives obtain their . Allthe foliage of the eastern trees is remarkably luxuriant, and their leaves are muc jJarger than in the western world. ices grow in greatperfection. The Upas tree is the most re- markable; it obtains a great height, has a flower, and exudes a milky soap, which is highly poigon- ous. The coflee plant is cultivated very exten- sively in that island. The natives raise annually, about fifty millions of pounds of coffee. Birds are also very abu: i markable being the mauo crow, which possesses a voice asclear and distinct as that of a human being. Insects are very numerous and extremely anner ing. Monkeys, iesegaras, bowwows, squir- rels and foxes, are there in abundance. also flying mice and flying dogs, or bat dogs, which seem to be of the bull dog species. The language of the Javanese is beautiful and mellifluous, and free of all harsh sounds or aspirations. zex have two forms of language—one for the weal- thy and one for the lower classes. With regard to laws and government, despotism is the ruling sys tem. They have their own laws, and under the | dominion of the Dutch, it is almost impossible to obtain a footing on the island. The natives are compelled to work excessively. They have troops amounting to about three thousand. Consideri this sciniitaranheria eenameine te six millions, it would almost seem incredible that the natives would submit to such tyranny. The reason, how- ever, is very evident. Al! the fortifications and other principal points along the ooast, are in pog- session of these troops, and of course, all ammuni- tion is removed out of the reach of the natives, and they can offer no resistance. The whole country presents one eystem of slavery. To the natives their work 18 portioned out, and they are compell to labor terribly. There is also, great moral and mental darkness in the country. The inhabitants consist of idolators and Christians, but principally of Mahometans. The Javanese, and With them all the Orientals, have a great reverence for the dead; they frequently visit their graves and deco- rate them with flowers, as the Catholics in France and Germany do on All Saints’ day. Their graves or tombs are very long, accor#ing to the merit of the person. The tomb of Adam in Syriais said to to be sixty feetlong. The lecturer concluded by adverting to the advantases we have of marie all the knowledge which others have obtained, without incurring the dangers ot the voyage, etc. New York and Eale Railroad. The directora of the New York and Erie Rail- road Company have generally paid little or no at- tention to the numberless slanders and misrepre- sentations which, from time to time, have been puplished in relation to themselves, believing they were too well known in this community to render gay notice of contradiction necessary; but their attention having been called to the published ae ceedings of a meeting of the citizens of Rockland county, calculated to mislead many sincere friends of this work, they have concluded, at the sugges tion of others, to rake a simple statement of facts in relation to the matter complained of, for the information of the stockholders and the public. Their cause of complaint is stated in their firat published resolution, which is as follows:— Resolved, That the recentact of the N.¥.&E.RB. R. Co. in diverting the travel and business {rom the county of Rockland, and in transferring the terminus of thelt road from the Btate 0 Sta ot New Jersey, contrary to thi the charter and of the laws o! State, morits, and should receive, the reprobation of all the citisens of this State. Resolutions of a similar character, threatening to ‘*use all the means in their power to compel y to resume the route which they have ly and unnecessarily abandoned,” speak sacrifices made by us (them) to sustain the road when its pros; were desperate,” * solemnly appeal to the Legislature and people of the State, to arrest so manifest an act of injustice,” and remark on the “ impolicy of diverting capi- tal, industry and business from the metropolis, “c. &c.—all; evidently intended to arouse our citizens to the danger igppendie over them, and to urge thei to protect mselves against reckless speci. leiors who have charge of the N. Y. and Ene he. in their esti. ailrewdy mad mh oS h Ba , 80 fe B' hat they were citizens of New York as to engage in a conspiracy to deetroy ber prosperity. It is unfortunate for the meeting at which so much indignation was manifested that there is so little foundation in fact for the Gharge of abandon- ing eighteen miles of railroad. The simple truth ir, that part of the road is notabandoned, and those composing the meeting knew at the time that it was not abandoned; and still further, the directors have no intention bandoning it. The resolutions are followed by a long address upom the subject, filled with abuse and misrepre- sentations, the injustice and groundiessness of which could be shown, had we time to refer to them in detail. We will, however, notice only a few of them at thia time. The address states that the charter was granted in 1832, gives a brief history of its objects, and quates the restrictive clause in the original charter, forbidding a connection with any railroad leading out of the State, and also speaks of the large dona- tions of lands and materials given by certain parties, valued A company, at che time, as is alleged, at $100,000. F Something in relation to this subject will be noticed in another place. The history of this road from 1882 to 1844-5, is well known. At the latter date & portion of the present managers Came into the board, and obtained the law under which the work was resuscitated, Whatever the merits or demerits of its management during that interval of twelve years, the present managers are not respon- tible for, and of course claim no credit for it. Its condition at the latter date, is too well known to require any particular description at present. We with notice, however, only a few particu Atthat time some $4,500,000, including the State loan of 3,000,000, had been expended on the road, which was in use to Middletown, fifty-three miles —seven miles of which, however, were built by a private arsociation (end since purchased by the company.) The condition of the whole road at thet time is well known, and of that portion in use (fifty-three miles) it may be inferred, from the fact that over $1,000,000 have since been required and expended upon it, aw Piermont) to bring it to its present condition. F f One passenger train per day, (carrying the milk) and one freight train each way, was the extent of the accommodations to the citizens of Rockland presumed they were well satisfied. They h e | now more and better accommodations than at that The most of the people are entirely in a state of | The natives, when in dress, have two | been raised to complete the wor’ inds, which chiefly consists of a loose piece of | cloth wrapt rouad the body. Mea and women wear | the citizens of Rockland county have not, it i They also wear combs, which, | lieved, contributed tive thousand dollars, nor their hair long however, are placed in front, and not behind, as is the case here. They also have a custom of tan- ning end blacking their teeth with a preparation ob- tained from a nut and a leaf of a cer ain tree They consider it a disgrace to have white teeth, like a dog or a monkey. They also pay great attention to cleanliness. They fre- quently wash themselves, and as frequently oil their bodies. They chew almost constantly. The seldom wear weapens pne but the Malaiti, Ja- d Javanese ments of the Japanese, there is not great They generally hold their fairs, which variety are very entertaining, and at which gamblieg and | | was obtained from the Secretary of dai are carried on heir mode of dancing is their movements being much slower They are very fund of music, and have @ great number of beautiful and touching melodies. The Javanese ate very abstemious, but very fi of sweet meate—an observation which is very cha- racteristic of all the orientala. They use no milk, bot ure a kind of ealt lard along with their rice He then gave a description of a European dinner in that island) Every quest has to bring his own ser. vent. The servents come at an early hour to assist in preparing the dianer; no -ervant will wait on more than one person There is al # @ fresh current of air produced by the ewinging a sort of fan. The quests | are also obliged to put on Mosquito boots, which are @ kind of legging, in consequence of the moequitos and other insects. The dinner is in the iewch style; at the conclusion of the repast there excelled: @lencid dessert, furnished with atl ihe ne roximate porition ‘Yat, in consequence of the here ere no public latnpwigland to the equator rente rathe r & curious an dzovel seene. ‘Thich pre- balls, too; and he gave a description of that attended’ ‘They fave ‘barbers, whose ofa 'e source of luxury am of these ear-pickers the tympa liable to be injured. Th: iso a kind of shampooing, which i# a luxurious and expensive enjoyment, and which is performed , arith the points of their delicate agers, tap al il he falls into a buffalo aad the express they armed. With respect to | ity, but every | f | and since it has cost eo large a sum, the directors | its present condition | that the “large donationg of land and materials” time, notwithstanding the indignation so freely ex- preseed r Since the resussitation of the company in 1345, by the piesent managers, — $20,000,000 have ; and to provide the requisite machinery. Toward this large — eo it knowa that they have contributed half of that emovnt, while more than $500,000 have been ex- pended in that county alone, to bring the work to They will doubiless reply, originally made to the company, entitled them to exemption from any further contribution. Let us for a moment examine that subject, and see the y | grounds upon which they appeal to the Legislature, the stock holdere and the public, oa acconnt of “the great sacrifices” heretofore ¢ by them The “large donations of land’’ referred to, con- sisted mainly of land under water the water grant or right to improve which for commercial purposes, without adjacent shore, and assigned to the comes expenses fur improving which, before 18 exceeded $20,000, and was then so far incomplete as to have required since that date, ever $100,000 to bring it to its present condition. Most of the ma- teriale referred to were sold to the company by one of the party referred to, ata very large price; t ie here distinctly stated that Le day ned have more for the land, directly and indirectly, than its real value for any other purpose, as can be shown, if the parties referred to are disposed to have the whole matter Jaid before the public The company have not been diaposed unnecessa- rily. to bring the subject of Pyermont before the public ; but if necersary they will give a full,unvar- nuhed, history of the whole matter, when it will be seen what a vast amount of patriotiem has been evinced by the parties who have made these “ large donation of land and materials,” together with the “s9erifices” made by them which are the grounds of their appeal. The company have expended a large amount at Piermont, to improve it for use, charge to the applicanta, by the part intend to use it to the best posable advantage for & < foioht business, if permitted to hold it with- out constant aDRuyeance. A suit, however, has been commenced by one of the parties ane, 4 portion of the land made at eo large a cost to the company, on the ground of an old contract, and claime under it 90 feet of the whole pier,about one mile it h;and within a few weeks an injunction has been served en the company to restrain them from dred, in front of the pier, which was necessary to make it available, for the company’s use, and on which several thou- eand dollars have been expended during the last ereson We will now proceed with the history of the h | public. After the dant and beautiful, the most re- | There are | toad since 1845. The directors have ed for- ' ward the work amidat every ae embarras- ment, and by ever: their power have mee the best possi the comp any’s pre perty. | The Ramapo Railroad was built without any aid or ei ment from this company. The direc- tors do not now, nor nave they ever owned one dollar of its stock. For a considerable time they declined to make regular connections at the junc- tion pf the two roads, and gave that company as little encourcgement as possible, hoping to be able to satisfy the public, and prevent by every fair means a diversion of travel fiom theirroad. Du- ring all this time no conveniences or accommoda- tions were afforded, except such a8 we were com- pelled to furnish by the demands of the travelli | passage of the general railro jaw, compe us to afford any railroad company | connecting with ours, all proper facilities for a con- | nection and interchange of business, this company continued to charge the same price to and from Sufferns to Geneva, as to and from New York to Gonets Yet with this diecraan es mise that | |, We, U an average, lost in our trips coming east, from i thind to half of our passengers, be- | cause they could reach New York generally one hour and a half earlier than by way of Piermont. To protect themselves against this diversien of travel, and to pay the expense of running trains to Piermont, meamabosis (- Bow York, the com- were compellea to charge the same price to | Buffers as toNew York. Without this dlscrimi- nation against that route we could have retained few or no passengers, east of that place. This at- tem) vacua to compel the travelling public to go by way of Piermont or to pay the additional charges on another road, caused much and severe complaint, which was daily becoming more and more general. With the best arrangements we could make on our ferry, with the aid of the fastest steamboats we could procure, from causes of fre- quent occurrence, such as storms, ice, fogs, &c., | passengers were not mabequenuy two hours longer time by way of Piermont to Sufferns, than by way | of Ramapo Kailroad. After the passage of the | general railroad law, Pie! fag) the charter and | compelling @ connection with that portion of the Ramapo Railroad in Rockland county, known as the Union Railroad Company, the directors were still determined to make an earnest effort to satisfy the public and prevent a diversion of travel. But after a long and faithful effort we were driven re- luctantly to the conclusion that we could not ga- tisfy our passengers and prevent a diversion which was every day increasing. Besides which, the de- tentions on the river from Causes referred to, were so frequent as often to throw all our running ar- Tangements into confusion, and thereby delay in a greater or lesser degree all the trains on the roaa. And who are the parties who complain se vehe- mently at this change? Simply the citizens of a emall portion of Rockland county, and afew land- owners at Piermont, without whose promptings the publie would provably never have heard of this meeti The convenience or wishes of the great mass of the travelling public, even through ‘the southern tier of counties,” are of smail conse- quence, if the gentlemen composing that meeting can be giatitied. And what real cause have the citizens of Rockland county to complain? They are now acc: ited by a passenger train daily to and from New York, and upon the ry poe of spring two daily trains will be provided; all our freight and milk business is done there as usual, with no iatention of changing it, and only bs regular passenger he gone rd foie 80 a 4 allow passengers to pase throt ‘ow Jersey, (an that not of choice, but from paar hae This real or pretended alarm and indignation on account of the travelling public being allowed to pass to and from this city, by the nearest and speedi- est route, is too ly abeurd to need a refu- tation. The directors are citizens of New York, with no particular friendship for New Jersey or her railroads, and will take good care that New York will receive all the benefits from the construction of the New York and Erie Railroad, to which she is entitled—but in doing so we are compelled to allow our passengers to pass through a corner of that State. The directors have no apprehension that the citizens of New York, with these state- ments before them, will question the wisdom of ar- rangements that will bring the vast interior to be’ accomodated by the New York and Erie Railroad, nearer to the city by at least one hour and a half— especially in view of the fact that the most streau- ous efforts will be made by means of railroads now far advanced in other States, to divert the t and business of the great Valley of the Mississippi, to neighboring cities. § The directors cannot see any propriety in compell- ing all the travel over 447 miles of their road, (in addition to that portion which will soon come over an equal length of tributary railroads) to pass over that portion of railroad east of Sufferns Depot, for the satisfaction of the inhabitants residing there, when 1% hours oan he saved by taking another di- rection. It is not believed that the Legislature to whom the meeting appeals for redress, will attempt such an act of injustice, after affording all the rail- roads in the state the privilege of shortening or changing their reepective lines whenever distance can be saved. On the Central Railroad from Albany to Buffalo the change of lines contemplated, will, as is under- stood, save some 30 miles in distance, which im- provements are now commenced under the provi- sion sof Ss peer railroad law; and itis not believ- ed that the Legislature will pasate general law com- pelling a connection with any and all railroads, and then shut out the New York and Erie Railroad from its benefits; neither is it believed that the Legisla- ture will attempt virtually to compel the New York and Erie Railroad Company to convey all their pas- sepgers, amounting to hundreds of thousands an- nually, to and from New York via Piermont, at an increased expense, and an average loss of time of 14 bours, or say Ce to 30 or 40 miles increased distance on the railroad, while a shorter and speed- ier route presents itself forthe acceptance of the travelling public. Neither is it believed that they will attempt to compel this road to run empty trains from Suflerns to Piermont, and incur the expense of running a steamboat to New York, comparatively without passengers, orcompel the company (to pay this increased sspoaee) to charge the passengers the same, or nearly the samejprice, to Sufferns, and thereby subject them to the additional paymeat of paseage on another railroad. Neither is it believed that the Legislature will compel all the travel throughout * the southern tier of counties” to go to and from New York by way of Piermont, as a re- 'd for the * large donations of land and materi- als’’ made by parties liviog at Piermont. [t would be far better to impose a tax on the “‘ southern tier of counties,” and pay off their claims at their own valuation. “Lhe addreas speaks of the advantages of connect- ing by a ferry from Piermont with the Hudson River Railroad. This we should gladly have done had it held out the advantages of the other route. It may be a sufficient answer to this sug — to say, that passengers by wy of Ramapo ailroad can be landed in the city in as time as they could be landed on the eastern shore of the Hudsoa river opposite Piermont, and reload- ed with their baggage on the cara of the Hudson River Railroad, where they would be twenty-four miles distant from Duane street, from whence we take aud land our passengers. Doubtless the time will soon arrive when, by the rapid extension of our city along the Hudson River, end by the increase of population along its shore, it will be for the interest of this road, and for the convenience of a large number of our citizens, to run trains im connection with the Hudson River Railroad, if such arrangement can be satisfactorily made; and whenever the business will warrant euch a connection, be it sooner or later, it will aflord the directors great pleasure to make it. The interest manifested by the citizens of Rock- land county in behalf of the growth and prosperity of the city of New York, is duly appreciated. The charges and insinuations against the directors, of being intluenced by private considerations of gain or speculations in land in New Jersey, or in the stocks of the railroads referred to, are treated with the contempt they merit, The directors do not now, neither have they ever, directly or indirectly, owned one foot of land on the shores of New Jer- sey, opposite New ) ork, or one dollar in the stocks of the railroads referred to. A large proportion of the property of the directors is invested in real estate in the city of New York, and in the aggre gate amounts to some millions of dollars, and the: are deeply interested in all that affects her growth and prosperity. Hence, the imputation of engaging in any movement tending directly or indirectly to injure its prosperi y, is eo palpably absurd as hardly to need a refutation. The directors have given to this work a great portion of their time and labor for several years past, without any hope of private gain or emolu- ment; and now they have nearly brought their labors toa close, and the od of New York will receive from the completion of the krie Railroad 4 boon second only in its result to the completion of the Ene Canal. This has been the object which has cheered and encouraged the directors amidst all the embarrassments aad difficulties which they have had to encounter. The imputation that they would now, through ignorance or stupidity, or for private gain, engage in a conspiracy to divert from t th anticipated benefits of this work, living in another part of the Stat ould ask to in- terfere between the directors and the interest of tizene, 18 too insulting to deserve any notice buta feeling of indignation, and but for others, would have been treated with silent contempt. Signed Bansamin Loner, _ Vowne Ramspait, Henry Sugioen, Witttam B. Sxrpmore, Danen 8. Mruver, Marstaty O. Roneats, Henry Svypam, Jr. Tuomas W. Ga: —- M. La . in 1850, The National Intell of the 24th inet. pub. lishes the following“fable of the population of the several States, mamed. The aggregate has been published in the New York Herald:— The Un! Pree Kepresen- 4 erates, Talore” Staves, tation po- sSg nies _— Peatien, and {racieoes * ~ 3 38,476 - ~ 10 62,964 1, = = 3.34,794 - - 1 54,373 Connecticut... 370.913 — - 3 91,985 New York...3;098,818 — — — 83 24010 New Jersey.. 489,868 52 - 5 24,019 Pennsylvania.2,341,204 - - 25 11,804 bi 1,981,940 — — 21 25,246 (nn FT 305, a” ion00n = 9 itae 850. vel . 192,000 — ~- 2 6,68 200,000 = — = 2 13,68 492,661 90,355 546,874 6 80,984 940,000 460,000 1,216,000 13 4,712 576,000 238,000 748,000 8 2,640 280,000 350,000 490,000 6 24,120 665,000 365,000 774,000 8 28,692 45,000 22,000 58,200 1 — 440,000 330,000 633,000 6 78,994 300,000 320,008 492,000 6 26,120 250,000 200.000 370,000 3 90,472 Arkansas. 160,008 45,000 A ,! Miesouri. 590,000 91,547 644,928 6 85,872 Tennessee 800.000 250,000 950,000 10 18,240 Kentucky.. 782,000 211,000 908,600 9 70,016 Delaware 90,277 «2,332 91,676 1 — 222 ENTIRE POPULATION. Fi Staves. Free States. _— Slave States 3,075,234 District and 3 Total. 20,182,720 8,078,738 The entire representative population is about 21,- 710,000. The ratio of representation will be about 93,170. As the law of 22d May, 1850, determines the number of representatives at 233, and as but 222 of these are provided for in the foregoing table, wita- out rr 3 them from fractions, it will be necessary to select from the States eleven having the largest fractions, to each of which are to be assigaed a re- presentative, to make up the entire number. The States entitled to Representatives for such fractions wil probably be Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Indiana, Maryland, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Missouri, and Kerntucky—11. The States which gain, i tive of the frac- tion, will be Pennsylvania linoi issi 1, Michigan 1, Missouri 1—6. The tes which gain, in all, are as follows, in viz :—Arkansas 1, Indiana 1, Illinois 2, Massache- setts 1, Missiesippi 1, Michigan 1, Missouri 2, Pean- sylvania 1—10. The following States lose, viz:—Maine 1, New Hi ‘ire 1, New York 1, North Carolina 1, South Carolina 2, Vermont 1, Virginia 2, Rhode Island 1. The free States gain eix members and lose four. The slave States gain four and lose six. GEORGIA. Returns from Georgia have been received at the Census Office, except those from Baker, Floyd, Troup and Richmond counties. The returns, so far as received, make the free pulation of thi 501,451 Ves. « 959 3 858,410 Add the estimated population of the coun- ties not heard from 62,200 ++ 920,610 GENERAL VIEW OF THK CENSUS STATISTICS OF OHI@ A*D ITS TOWNS. [From the Cincinpatti Gasette, Feb. 22. We e given in six sectional views, the com- ica ef the population, towns, =e . These sections were the Miami Valley, the Sciota Valley, the Mineral Region, the West- ern Reserve, the Central Wheat Belt, and the Northwest. who are familiar with Ohio, know that these sections are each distinguished from the others, in many important particulars. Geologically they are widely different, as the rea- der will find, by looking into the reports of Messrs. Mather, Locke, Foster, and Whittlesey. They are likewise inhabited in a fot degree, by from different States. The Miami Valley was inally settled largely by Jerseymen, induced to be- come pioneers by Messrs. Symmes, Dayton, Lud- low, &c. The Sciota Valley was chiefly settled J Virginians. under the lead of the Massi ‘orthingtons, &c. The Western Reserve, as we stated, chiefly from Connecticut ; and the great wheat counties of the centre, mostly by Pennsyl- vania Germans. All these various settlers have in the main, proved good citizens, and may with- out vanity, but with a just self-respect, it the world to the fruits of their conduct and industry. They é bo the gl with an honest patriot- ism, that this young and unpretendi is filling the ships on the ‘Atlantic. prep Be the millions of the old world, with the corn and at and butter, from their thrifty farms ; and gi ‘ing, under their simple republican institutions, exam- ples of labor, of virtue, of energy, of successful en- terprise, of frank manners, and honorable conduct, which other nations will hardly find surpassed im the long pages of their recorded Tastee: But that is an aside, which we must leave for the statistics before us. By combining the six sections we have given before.the aggregate view of the growth of the State is as follows, viz: sae Section. 1840. 1850. Increase per C4. Miemi Valley.. 803,71 502241 «42 —per cent Bcloto Valle . 268041 6% « Mineral Region 280,199 31 Wheat Belt . 439.4608 Western Reserv: 900,875 = 30 Northwest... 171874 =—-70 Total 87 countics, 1,990,100 SOK The three upper of these sections are what is called the * southern” part of Ohio, and the three lower sections the 4 northern” part. Let us com- pare these sections :— 1810. 1860. Southern Ohio.. 773,278 = 1,060.481 a7 cont Northern Ohio. «746,179 = 920.709 = 23 Had the northern part of the State increased much as the southern, we should have had 110,000 more inhabitants. Had the “Wheat Belt” in- creased equally with the Scioto Vailey, we should have had, in that section alone, 100,000 more ; and had the Western Reserve increased equall with the Miami Valley, we should have had 30,000 in that section. The opening of railroads to the townsof the lake the principal counties of the wheat district, will probably give the .northera part of the State a much greater impetus in the next ten years, than it has had in the last. also in the southern part—the just beginning de- velopement of the “ mineral region’’ will produce the same effect, in the next ten years, as the Schuylkill coal region has on Pennsylvania, in the last. So also of Cincinnati—its growth (un- lees arrested, by* Providential misfortunes,) will surpass inth- future what it has done. e are now just © the beginning of the great wave of commerce: and manufactnres, which has recently swelled the wealth and population of Massachu- setts, New York, und Pennsylvania. Oar towr growth i+ just beginning. ur coal and iron are just beginning to look above ground ; our capital is beginnivy ‘0 increas* ; our commerce is swelling, and Will continne to swell, with that tremendous energy which has already made the tonnage of our internal trade greater than that Of the foreign. The town growth of the ast ten years has been as follows: 1940, 1850. Miomit Valle: - 58.606 140,606 = 140 per cont. Boleto Valley. ++ 16398 35 861 130 do. Mineral Regi@n. . 16,606 98802 © 85 27,168 70 28351 120 11464 130 STL 68 1% do town population of Ohio (over 1,000 each) was8 per cent., and in 1950, we find it 13 T cent. we see, that the civic populatien is now increasing ve: the case where the |i serseee of civic le =f = This is always is all taken up, and on this jd manufacturing population nds the market for agricultural produce ithout it, the surplus produce of farms would be a drug almost without price. The civic ja- tion of New York (in towns over 1,000 inhabitants each) is 30 per cent of the whole population. the town population of Ohio equalled that of New York (pro rata) we should have had four hundred thousand inhabitants more than we have. So, also, the town population of Pennsylvania is 26 per cent, and if our — population on been the same per cent on the present agricultural la- tion, we showld haye had two hundred and tty thousand more. The civic population of Ohio A just begmaning. Heretofore her strength has beea agricultural, and it has given hera stronger basis than any other State. The developement of her — been unsurpassed, and so will be her future. Srortino in Catirornia.—The followir,g vertisement appears in one of the San F pers, showing the manner in which the t- gered gentry are treated in that world :—" Notice to timber thievea rate —The wharves du: henna J off m: ice, OF 4 wharf, after dark, they rail Ne tere A ‘veh man is on the premises, Unones Gonvon,® ad- ¢ancisco