The New York Herald Newspaper, February 8, 1851, Page 2

k, Sol - Geary, and Joha C. Fre- above will withdraw ye the claation. is i fl proximately surmise the result of the contest; should the Legislature decide that the plurality govern, as is not impossible, a Whig must be elected. Should they decide in favor of the majority rule, there will many balloting: before there can be a choice. One thing appeat as certain as anything concerning elections can be— that Mr. Fremont must be defeated. The strength he mainly relied on is melting away day by day. ‘The vote of the old Californians will doubtless be divided between Bryant and Halleck, and the members of the mining districts will go into con- vention almost instructed to vote against the pre- Rent incumbent. : The Legislature will meet on the 6th proximo, at San José, but there i trong feeling in favor of removing the seat of government temporarily to this city. The session commences under very em- ing circumstances, as there is no mosey in the treasury, and very little prospect of obtaining “ould Congress neglect at its present session to vote the civil fund to the State, it is impossible the government can get on without a loan, and a pro- position of that nature must go to the people for ratification before the Legislature can vote it. ‘The constitution provides tkat no money shall be borrowed except by the first Legislature, without consulting the popular will. 2 The result of the mining operations up to this time will be found in another column. The mines are at present yielding less profitably than during the past season; but it is a matter of doubt whether the yield of the next year will not equal that of the past. The quartz gold will be mined with a great deal of energy during the coming spring and sum- mer; and with the aid of machinery and steam the profits will undoubtedly be very large. The Indians in the Mariposa country have com- menced depredations, and all efforts to pacify them have proved unavailing. There is in town and country a much greater amount of crime against property and life than heretofore; and no doubt is eatertained that there exists an organized band, mostly composed, probably, of convicts from the British colonies, whose trade is pillage and murder. [From the Alta California, Jan. 1] Since our last monthly summery we have no stirring events te notice. We have, however, one item as pleasant to send to our friendgim the States, 28 gratifying to us to be enabled to record. It is the entire cessation of the cholera. At one time it threatened us amazingly; but it has passed away, notonly from San Francisco, but also from Sacra- mento > where it raged most severely fora while. e do not hear of i#s ravages to any ex- tent elsewhere in the country. The health of our State is excellent, not exceeded, we venture to as sert, by any land on earth. There have been a number of society celebra- tions, which have helped bind together still strong- er the tes of friendship and memory which con- duce so much to individual happiness and social enjoyment. Another newspeper has also been added to ourcorps in this city, one more ia Sacra- mento, one in San Jose, and another about coming out. The question of ‘‘who shall be our next U. 3S. Senator?” has been considerably discussed; but we are decidedly of opinion that the satest time for answering will be after the Legislature have ballotted. The good old custom ot Thanksgiving has been duly observed, and many @ happy associa- tion awakened thereby. ‘Pilgrims’ Day” was also celebrated by the Sons of New |agland and their guests, in honor of the band who stood upon the shore of Plymouth two hundred aad_ thirty years ago. This is well. We should cherish their memories and their virtues, and avoid their faults. Much anxiety is felt about the Panama steamer, over due here now for more than a week. But we hope her detestion is nothing more than what may have resulted from injury to her machinery, aad that we shall ere long have the extreme pleasure ot announcing her arrival. A noniber of our most prominent men have died during the month. Very suddenly were some of them called away, and at one time our city eeeee really gloomy in consequence. But a different feeling evists at present degree of dissatisfaction expressed on account of 40 opinion froi the Supreme Court, which goes to vitiate almost all the land titles in this city. A umber of steamers have arrived from around the Horn--among others the Gen. Warren, Consti- tution, &c. Our steam marine i ‘easing rapidly. ‘The Koman Catholic Bishop ot ( » U mveni, has arrived, and received a r ost chy welec me. Our business men have awakened to the impor- tance of the fine field opened for whaling from this rt, as the emporium. Unfortunately, the first +| fitted out for that business, the Popmuanet, has been lost, with a partof her crew. Another vessel has also been lost, but happily no lives lost. Reporis from the mines have been rather ecarce, most of those engaged on the rivers during the summer, having gone iato the dry diggings, from whom a good account is aptictpated next s g. Another large fire has visited us, but its ravag are so httle, compared with previous ones—oaly about $60,000—ihat itfhas searcely been noticed, except hy the unfortunate sufferers. A partof Capt. Freach’s company has arrived here. This will be pleasing ne to their friends in the States. One of the heav gales that has been known for years, has raged on our coast end overthe country. Batthe damage has not beea very great—the most unfortunate effects of it yet known, being the loss of the British ship Merse at the mouth o ys bay. ur chief sub; cvuesion here in the city recently, in additioa to the . has been the medals ordered by somebody seems not yet anxi to own up to ‘he pater- as a testimony of r tfrom everybo ly i the matter, to everybody el nothing « Jing the Aldermen. These medals will be to them what those conferred upoa the Freaca soldiers at Rome were considered by those tro: —a mark ef diegrace. And so they are. Arrival of Captain French's Company: From the Alta California, Dee 17 We have received from of the members of the above company, Mr. William Miles, of ¢ | liele, Peansylvania, an account of their journey, to some extent, the treatment they received from Coejtain Freneh, &e The comoar called the “Overland Ex prees Train Franeieco, by way of New thence to El Pa at French had inde » bf ndred and th ontracting to take t days They were four months it ©. Considering that they had been com- eived by French, and p e and disappointment, they resolved to hold a prblie meeting, and request Freach to send the pe ngeres by pack mules to their point of destinat While they were consulting upon the subject the news arrived by express, from Antonio, that French had used, without author Howlend and Aspinwall’s names, in a letter o ed credit, without their knowledge an Of course, the wh m. The id company was thrown 1 being abandoned na land, without money or food, after haviag ) for a through ticket, was not very grate- Legal measures hed been taken by Freaeh’s tore to seize all the outfit; to prevent which, cre the compeny resolved to place everything in the hands of officers choeen to receive them, and to sell and distribute the proceeds, pro rata, according to | the claims of the passengers. French, while at Lavacca, had selected thirty men to act as jurors for the arbitrament of differences and jor the pun- ishment of crimes and offences, himself signing his pledge to abide by their decisions. In aceordance With such organization, the chattels were solid, a final settlement made, and 2) per centon all the claims was paid over to the members of the com- pany, or passengers. With this amount, they had to purchase their mules, provisions, and pay what- ever necessary ¢xpenses might accrue on their journe: French appealed to the American Mili. tary Commander, the Sheriff, the Mexican and American consuls, to interfere in his behalf and etrip his dupes of everything. But ia vain F ly, @ part of the passengers, badly fitted out, Paso, on a journey of a thousend or fifteen hundred miles, for San Diego. Soon after leaving, they learned that French had employed some twenty men, armed the teeth, for the purpose of robb This he effected, the passengers ch man, as he came up, was ded, with a pistol at his breast, to give up ‘apons, and then was stripped of whatever he peesessed--biankets, clothing, mules, money, &c. Many were thus left entirely destitute Finally, a little party of half a dozen Vermonte: whe ned to be together, determined to, an did, st. A battle was the consequence, in which two,a Mr. Wright and Mr. Nelson, were killed; Mr. Cooper hada thigh broken, and Mr. Holmes both arme broken. French had his right ‘arm shattered was supposed mortally wound- ed, being shot also in the side This occurred at Corolitas, in Mexico. When French was shot, hie banditti scattered, and the reat of the company were allowed to pase on. They suffered terribly by hunger, thirst and totl, but bore all with un! fortitude, werking their way ae with worn down bodies and swollen feet, til they reached the Colorado. There the gar- ¢ Ilournas Indians, which had been de- them after their battle with the California irnished Lay worn out travellers for a week or ten days beans. After a journey of av 1 some forty reached San Dievo. (ook passage in a brig for thie place, and dene of werted There has been no small | New York city on tne 13th | being nearly worn | were twenty-one days in reaching here, having di- vided out the last provisions and water on board ere there arrival. Here is suffering and misfortune and horror enough for one narration. If it be all true, and French comes to this couatry, as it is reported he will do, being on his way here minus an arm, if the unen he has thus injured are men unworthy of such outrage, we think he will be likely to have a “happy tume ot it.” We give our authority, knowing nothing further of the matter. NAMES OF THE MEMBERS OF CAPT. PRENCH’S COM yea. A. N. Corss, N. Y,; Dr. Thomas Foster, Tones ‘Seth E. White, Va.; Rutus Tulow, N- Y.; Jas. Fitton, San Francisco; Roswell Hewitt, N. Y.; Samuel Maxson, N. Y.; A. ie, Texas ; Westley Phillips, do.; J. M. Strain, do. ; Wm Freeman, do.; Samuel Haslett and three boys, do.; A. J. Baker, do. ; Pleasant J. Staugh- ter, do; Wm Johnson, do.; Thos Huring, do. ; Russell Johnson, Michigan ; Oscar Thayer, do.; Joseph B. Fortiner, Pa. ; H. Clagett, Ky. ; John Mettler, N. Y. Diep.—Edward H. Rooker, of Hamilton, Cana- da West, died on board, on tha 6th day of Decem- ber, of congestion of the bram, aged about 23. ‘The Legislature of Califernia. (From the California Courier, Jan. 1.) We have permitted all kinds of classification’ of the members of both branches of the Legislature, by our cotemporaries, to pass uncontradicted. now, however, intend to put the matter to rest, and leave them to draw all the comfort they can from the statement. We class them as follows :— SENATE. Warner, dem. Hope, whig. Dea “ Woed Guerra, whig. worth, whig. Tingley, whig { Heydentfeldt, whig. Pag Aa “Bair, wi Lipplncote, wi incott, whiz. Miler, dem. * Cook, dem. Crosby, dein. Green, doubtful, Crosby, dem. Adams, dem. do. an Diego. Lot Angelos (Campbell, whig. +> | Bodley, whig. Brown, whig. Carr, whig. | Wethered, whig. Bennett, whig. | Thern. whig. ( Hoff, dem. \ McDougall, whiz **e'"*) Yeiser, dem § (Lynn, doubtful. seeeeees) Murphy, dem, § Moore whig. . 5 Baldwi Wilkins, ‘ Merritt, dem * ? Richardson, dem. (Bigler, dem. . ) Lisle, whig. Robinson, whig* \ Hall, dem. « Kendrick, dem. San Jo: Contra Costa...... San Franciss San Joaquin. .... Calaveras... ... Tuolumme...seeseeeses Maripoea. Sacramento... seeeeeeee Bradford, dem. Crane, whig. M’Corkle, dem Field, dem. + Saunders, dem. + M’Candless, whig. ReCAPITU LATION. Whigs inthe Senate. . Whigs in the Assembly Whigs in both houses. . | Democrats in the Senate Democrate in the Assembly . | In both howees.... | Whig plurality...... | Doubtful in the Senate. Doubtful in the Assemb doubtful and in- Whig majority over democrat: dependents... .ceeseeee We ineert Capt. Fair's name in the place of Van Buren, because all agree that he will get his seat. + We insert Gen. Green as doubtful, because he votod for Gen. Tsylor, and has never acted with the demo- crete in California, and will not, as a party man Covarrubias is a Californian, and has as yet formed no alliance with the democrats, although he appeared to—but he does not self one | Lynn has al 4 with the whigs, but dif- fers with them on the tariff, In tect, he isa whig by patare From this statement it will be seen that even if we give the democrats ali the doubtfal members and the one elected es an Independent, we beat | them five votes on joint ballot. If we give them Mr. Van Buren, we beat them three votes. Mr. Karner has always been put down asa locofoco, here ix not a more ultra whig in California. whig, acd as the no doubt, legis- emacy of the for all time to tate ix pow un pagrwargf whigs have thapower they wil! late and so act as to secure the whig party in the commonwealt | come. | The election of a United States Senator, this winter, by the Legielature, and the election, by the | people, next fall, of two members of Congress, a Governor, Lieut. Governor, Secretary ot State, | State Treasurer, Comptroller, Attoraey Geaeral, | end members of both hou of the Legislature, | will make the present seesion one of grave consi- deration. Important modifications of laws passed atthe last session of the Legislature must take place, euch es time and investigation may suggest | The party cannet be too caref We believe all | the members ofthe Leg: to party, consider the responsibilities entrusted to their care are important to every interest of the | commonwealth. We have great hopes of securing | correct and prudent legislation from the wisdom, good sense, and patriotitm of the ensuing Legisla- | | ture. Intelligence trom the Mines From tbe Stockton Jo rue ER MINE EXPLORERS. inful rumor was ia circulation here, sore nce, in reg to the party which atarted by ia | time si valley route to Los Angelos, and among whom | our fellow citizen, Mr. allis. It was stated | that Indians atfecked them while hunting their mules, end killed several of the party. Intelligence received from them, since this occurrence was to have teken , reports the whole party , and that they have discovered the extensive silver mine which they were searching for | (From thi paper} SPECIMENS OF GO!.D (UARTZ hepherd, who arrived in our city from So has brought with him a.number of specimens , combined with quartz and other minerals a2 tnem he showed usa very curious piece re quartz, having a small golden fringe, thalf an inch high, rising out of the centre —and imagination can very easily shape it nto Minerva, the ruling divinity of our State. The quarty has no gold in it except this | beautiful eprig. The doctor also showed us seve- ral specimens taken from the golden streets of the town of Sonora; and pieces of gold in quartz taken | from the new discovery recently made within a | few hundred yards of the town | leotion was a piece crystalized quartz, rare union of the two piece of flat rock, apparently limestone, in the doc- tor’s possession, has the itnpress upon ite face ofa Miniature tree ; end in another plac ¢ outline of a ridge with the formation of trees crossing it. Sci- | entific men, skilled in geoloay, have a vast field | for interesting study in Calitornia. NEVADA DIGGING | The miners who have remained in the vicinity of Nevade, are sad to be doing very well in | digging. | LOGTOWN | The miners here are doing a good business. 1k | is eetimated that in this valley—about three tiles | in length—there is already dirt thrown up, which will yield from $300 000 to $500,000. I should judge there were about 1,000 men engaged, and to whom fn this amount will fail. Almos' re now engaged working. Logtown is quite ; 1 suppose these are not less than twenty mores, two black- akers, smith shops, two taverns, shoemakers, carpenters, and one gambling house: house, however, does but a limited bu: being but corparatively few miners green enough to“ buck up” to monte or other games. Eucre, ten-pine, and old-sledge constitute the principal gemes in this Borg. We have preaching here nearly every Sabbath, and always a good attend- ance by thi GOOD YIELD. The Sonora Herald, of Dee. 2ist, says rain has fallen abundantly, and that miners in the immedi- ate vicinity of that place, are washing out not less than $10,000 per day r NEW DIGG INOS: ript.) [Prom the Bacramento Trane’ We learn that new discoveries of gold digzings have recently been made on the North Fork of F ther river, which are represented as of a very rich character. WORE METALLIFRNOS QUARTZ. (From the Stockton Times | , Our friend, Mr. Jeffreys, inferme us that a vein of metailiferous quartz was discovered afew days since and in the immediate vicinity of the town of Sono- ta. Ite represented to be rich, and there is ‘80 doubt that this discovery will ecercise the most important influence on the destinies of the little ure, without reference | Among the col- | of gold combined with the | 4 | town in the mountains. W< to {Gi iels is the ettse us the coe an Mexican, some months ago, but who refused to re- veal the secret, a8 @ reason the cruelty the government tow: his couatrymen, in matter of the foreign miners’ tax. Iture begins to take form and order, and recults are Teportag as atte: the labors of cultivating the. soil. The election in Sacra- mento resulted favorably for the whigs. [Both perties claim the Le; ture. That body, it is asserted by some of its members, will be adjourned to this city. Two or three Marine Iasurance Com- panies have been forme! here—a pretty sure sign of confidence in commercial transactions. Some ill feeling has arisen in consequence of the abduc- tion of the Marquesas girls by Captain Snow. He awaits his trial for the crime. We have three theatres in full blast. Balls in abundance. And £0 ends our summary, amidst the sounds of a kind of “wake,” which the boys are having around the dying year. [rom the Placer Ti ] ¢ Placer Times. _ We have san a entleman from Ringgold, who informs us that he left that place since the receat heavy rains fell. Miners have commenced wash- ing the earth which has been thrown up du! the fall, but net enough has been done to tell muc! what will be their success. Previous to the last raing, miners about Ringgold were nearly dis- couraged. They were making but little, and the prospects were bad. Merchants have been com- Hed, from the large quantities of provisions on and, to sell at exceedingly low prices. AUBURN. Miners at Auburn are now said to be doing well. This location was one of the very best in Cali- fornia during last winter, and, from what we have heard, we see no reason why it will not be the present winter. ANOTHER LUMP. From the Stockton Times. __ We had the pleasure of seeing, on Thursday last, in this city, a lump of pure gold, weighing 10 lbs. 3oz. It belonged to a Frenchman who dug it owt, a_ few days ago, below the Rich Gulch, near Mogquelumne Hill. The Rain~The Mines—Soc! 3 (From the Sacramento Tribune, Dec. 19} ¢ rain is upon us inall its force. The miners can wash now if they will, and we expect them to turnout the shining dust through their long rockers, a: ily and as merrily as ever. The general carelessness which for some time might be seea in the minin; district, vanished before the first few days raia, an bustle and retivity will henceforth reign supreme until the end of the wet season. The roads to the mines are nearly impassable for the wagons, and bf soon be for heavily packed mules; so that it will be difficult to transport supplies thither. Ua- less the principal mining districts are well supplied with provisions, clothing and utensils, these articles will bring prices. We believe, however, that many of them have a good supply on hand, se that they will not be obliged to purchase much trom the river towns until the dry weather again returns. We look tor a good winter’s work in the mines, even though the rain was long coming ; but we do not expect so rich a yield as many do with whom we have conversed. We are satisfied that most miners have heretofore been sadly disappointed in their calcu- lations regarding the richaess of their claims and the dirt which they had taken from them, So it will be, and must continue, uatil the richer de- posits are almost gone, and the regular unprospect- ing takes the place of the irregular, unmethodical labor which has been, ard now is, prevalent in the mining region. In another year or two we will have system in culling from the auriferous soil. its golden treasure, and though some men may not then make their “ pile” as speedily as before, yet all on an average will be better paid. It the gold cannot be extracted without the use of water, rail- roads will be built to carry it to the strems, and sheds erected, not only to save the workmen from the summer’s sun, but also from the winter’s rain. There is sullicient wood for fire, houses, roads, &c., in all parts of the mines for many yeara to come, end in most places railroads could be erected round the mountains, with, inmany places, a gra- dual descent from the mine to the river. la other places horses or mules would be necessary. _ We look for great improvements in mining opera- tions during the coming year, both as regards the machinery and the ease and comfort with which it willbe worked. More gold will be turned out with less labor and danger to health and life in the coming than in the past time. Men will feel more at ease as the comforts of home begin to surround then, and daily additions to our female population will wipe from their brows that sullen gloom which is the general companion of the new delver after gold. lamilies, like angels’ visits, are aow and | then met with in the mines, and the very sight of happy mothers and smiling children is enough to cheer the brow of labor, and raise high above the freezing point the drooping heart of the social wanderer. Men have hated California, but this will not always be. Used to society in the States,’ they have come here and fornd it not. wtomed to the sweet influences ot home and friends they have deserted, in high hepes of glittering treasure, which have vanished like “The baseless fabric of « vision, wreck bebiod ” | wants are no longer felt—when families shail dot the bosom of this valley like that of the Mississippi, and churches and school houses and libraries be erected, they will find themselves as much at home as they were on tae other side of the Rocky Mountains. Many of our citizens are now returning to the States for their families to reside permanently among vs, and many others are sending for theirs, not being able to leave their business operations here. Ina year or two we will tind ourselves as comfortable here as most of our friends are eny- where. San Francisco at the Close of Eightcen Hun. dred and Fifty. From the Pacific News, Jan. 1.) We have hitherto published an article giv- ing some interesting incidents connected with “San [rancisco Fitty Years Ago,”’ which has suggerted a contras: with * San Francisco at the Cc of Eighteen Ilundrea and Fifty.” At the period to which the first article refers, the only evidences of human improvement, or of the fact that the hend of man had fashioned inte shape any thing appertaining to this locality, was the Presidio at the northern extremity of the borders of San | Francisco, and the Mission at the southern line. Letween the two was almost a barren waste, the extremes being occupied by a community of per- | baps a thousand rough, uncivilized men, untutored in the arte, unlearned in the sciences, and follow- ing in the way their fathers trod since firat the footsteps of man were imprinted in the sands of a locatity to which the eyes of the world are now | turned in almost stupefied amazement. Look at San Francieco now! Had a dweller hereabouts of “fifty years ago,” takena Rip Van Winkie sleep, and awaked at the close of “eigh- teen hundred and fifty,’ he would have fancied that the | art of magic had eclipeed itself in working a change scarcely lege surprising thia th h the whole locality had been bodily trans- ferred to another region. The raud hovel, the tiled adobe buildings. the hide houses, have given way to splendid piles of brick and mortar that rise towering to the skies—monu meats of energy and ingenuity of a people that know no superiors, aad acknowledge no equals,—while the people of that day have almost left the field of action, or become “hewers of wood and drawers of water” to the more enterprising and intelligent class whom the ‘olden sands of California—to leave out of ques- . the “ manifest destiny” which seems to urge the American nation—have attracted thither. Fancy may conjure up, and almost give life and | shape to, a thousand impossibilities, absurd and visionary, but the utmost stretch of imagination would fail to present a picture so wonderful in all | its aspects, es the past and present ia the history of Cahtfornia We have neither time nor space to exterd the con- trast to the entire State, but must continue ourselves to the principal city, where the changes which have taken place are more marked than in any other locality; where, “filly years ago,” the extent of population did not exceed one thousand, but which number may be multiplied at the “ close of eighteen hundred and fifty,” by at least thirty-tive. As the mines of California and the shipmeats of gold duet are the principal features of attraction here and ut home, we first enter upon that field, and annex the amounts which have been sent for- ward during each month for the past year, as taken from the manifests at the custom house, and which of course do not include that taken by private hands. All the’ statistics presented below are compiled from official sources, and for a great portion of them we are indebted to the courtesy of Vol. Collier, the Collector of the maa) and the gentlemanly clerks under him, who have charge of the book: Amount or Gown Drer B 8 Mina 734,651 « 1,250,000 + 220100 179.863 249045 . 3029000 often exprested opinion that the mines were be- coming exhausted, and that California must prove a failure by and by. For the past two seasons the eurnmer months have produced the greatest amount of gold, the wet diggings being worked then to a eaterextent than the éry. Tois aeeounts for the fact that the shioment in the month of August exceeded that of any other month im the year. xing the amount of gold exported, and which was regularly shinped and entered, for the period nemed above, a! $20,000,000, in round figures, and },000 more South Curo- fan ry 41,000,000 more than Georgia, and $43 000,000 more than Pennsylvania. And while viewing this statement, it will at the same time be borne in mind that States which show the largest amount of exports, are those which possess advantage of having ports situated on the sea- board, and which do the carrying trade of States more remotely located. The eight States above enumerated, in fact do the labor of transporting to | foreign ports, not only the own ducts, but thoor a the remaining | twenty-two. - 4 From the same source of information—the cus- tom house books—we have compiled the following monthly receipts of bullion at this port for the y yond or B xf6x Receive rrom Janvany 1st To a MTEL Decemsen Slst, 1850. pooh of January. see Meet et eoreee ty Total for the yoar......sseeee eee +$1,722,000 The largest proportion of this amount of bullion has been received from the Atlantic States, though a no inconsiderable amount has found its way from the old world—sent hither from both localities, for the reason that in no country in the world does aa investment of money pay a8 well. Securities are ample, and the losses small, in comparison with the flood of disasters which sweep over other lo- calities. Individuals may be ruined by fire in an hour, but the money loaned at from three to ten per cent per month interest, genesally comes in but for a small proportion of the loss. As connected with the subject of currency, we will here take occasion to say that in no other sec- tion of the globe are the generality of bankers more careful, judicious, and business-like, than in San Francisco. The rapid changes which are noted every day, necesearily compels them to watch the course of events with a careful regard for their own interests; and the exceptions to the general classification for integrity and business ca- pacity, are but few. Itis buta short time since most of them, in San Francisco particularly, passed. through a panic that would have shaken the com- mercial circles of other cities to their centre; and all but one or two came out unscathed, meeting oF ry demand upon them promptly, and to the last joliar. The names of the principal bankers of San Fran- cisco are as follows:— Burgoyne & Co., Montgomery street. F. Argenti & Co., Montgomery street. Bolton, Barron & Co., do, E. E. Dunbar, do, T. J. Tallent & Co., corner of Clay and Montgomery. W. F. Young, Washington street. < The following houses represent parties else- where 3 : idson, represents the Rothchilds, London. . . represent Willis & Co., Boston, and Dr Robinson & Co., New York. Br Bacon & Co., represent Page & Bacon, Bt. oul Joraes King. of William, represents Corcoran & Riggs, Washi: c 8. B New Yi Godettroy, Billem & Co., represent J.C. Godeffroy & | twe | effects. Co., Hamburg. In addition to the above, there are other smaller tors, Whom it would not perhaps be proper to their transactions being mainly confined to the pur- chase and sale of gold dust, and do not do a legiti- mate banking business. For the time included in the perioa for which all Ludlow, represents Beebeo Ludlow & Co., | sify amongst the leading bankers of the city, | | Moore & » Gower & Co., Montgomery street. Backus & Harrison, Montgomery street. These comeriae the principal auction houses in the city, and for correct business habits, liberalit integrity, will not suffer in com; a wit those of any other city. Many of them occupy rooms far more spacious than those required for the business of the long established and most ex- tensive houses of the Atlantic cities. Neither time nor space will permit us to enume- rate in detail many kinds of trade which fol- lowed with satistactory success in our midst, and which form no small item in the trade of Califor- nia. In addition to what has already been men- tioned, we will add that San Francisco, with @ population of over 35,000, sustains seven dally pers; while New York, numbering half a mi ion, can boast of only double that number. We have eight express companies, the principal oaes being Adams & Co., and J. W. Gregory; over sixty brick buildings where, s1x months ago, there was not one; eight or ten first class hotels, at the head of which stands the Union, (just erected by Selover & Co., and under the management of Isaac M. Hall,) the St. Francis, Delmonico’s, the Revere, and the National. A But a few months since, the boundaries even of San Francisco were hardly defined with sufficient definiteness to guide the inquirer in his esearch. Now we have one hundred and seven miles of street laid out, one querter of which is built upon and occupied, and over seven miles of it substan- tially planked, and most of that distance properly eewered. We have now a semi-monthly mail, where a year ago it was only an occ: one— reaching our shores now and then, and half the time not as often. One marine insurance com- ny has already been formed, with a ital of ,000, and another in progress of organization. Such 1s a bird’s eye plnee at San Francisco, at the close of “eighteen hundred and fifty,” as com- pared with ‘ San Francisco fifty years ago.” The change is wonderful and surprising ; but when we add that nearly all this has deen accomplished within twoyears and a half, it is no secret that the world lock‘on and wonder. Civilized and uncivil- ized nations alike have heard of California, and most of them have witnessed, in some degree, entic- ing specimens of her mineral treasures. But she hasa mune of wealth inher broad acres yet undeveloped 3 agricultural riches that lack only the hand of in- dustry, the energy of the people into whose han Destiny has placed the country, to make the wil- derness ‘“ blossom like the rose,” and her plains and valleys to yield riches far more lasting and stable than even the glittering ore that each stroke of the miner’s pick exposes to the broad light of the noonday sua. But California is not “fora day.” The history of the past, her position in the resent, agsure us that there is a future in store for her more glorious than has marked the progreas of any State, or even any nation, whose history has been written. We do not speak enthusiastically : we say what we believe time will fully warrant us in penning. The germ of a mighty people on the shores of the Pacific has been planted; it has grown into @ stately, proud position already, and although the past has witnessed much that appears like a dream, the future, as developed by time and energy, will give birth to yet many fold more as- tonishing results within the golden gate of San Francisco. Wreek of the Bark Popmunnett near San Francisco—Stx Lives Lost. (From the San Francisco Herald, Dec. 30.) ‘The gale on the 15th and 16th instant, appears to have been very severe along the coast. The vessels that have arrived in port during the last two days, report having suffered severely from its The whaling bark Popmunnett, William H. Taylor, master, of this port, which sailed hence on the Ith inst, on a whaling cruise, foun- our statistics have been made up, viz : the twelve | moaths past, there has entered our harbor, from + : - i ‘and bursticg her main hatch bars off, and im- ali foreign ports, 1,743 vessels. During the same riod, the number of vessels which cleared was 461. The vessels arriving have landed yj our shores, 35,333 males, and 1,248 females. ‘he number which have left by sail vessels and steam- ers, during the same time, was 26,593 males and 8 females. The report of the Secretary of the Treasury on commerce and navigation, for the fiscal year end- ing June 30, 1849, shows the number of clearances from the port of New York to have been little more then twice that of SanFraacisco for the yearending Dec 31,1850,end the number of arrivals at that port the same periods corapared—to have been 268 lees than twice the amount. Orleans, the difference in favor of San Francisco is, in clearances, 330, and in srrivals 645. When Ae compared with New | the comparison is made with Philadelphia, we fiad | the diflerence still greater in favor of San Franc’ co, being in clearances 922, and in arrivals 1,13 The same would be the result were the compat = made with any of the sea portsin the United States. ‘The total value of merchandise received by fo- reign vessels, from Nov. 21, 1549, to Sept. 30,1850, was $3,351,962 65. The tonnage of the vessels was 151,604. The total value of merchandise received during the same period, in domestic vessels, was $797,- 275 10. The tonnage of the vessels, 52,949. It has been frequently asserted by persons unac- quainted with the facts, that California has import- ed more goods, and coutracted a larger agareg of debt els¢where, than her shipments of gold dust would pay for. to show the error in this state- ate | ment, a comparison of the figures above need only | be made. The total value of all the mercha received here, of every nature and description, | from foreign and domestic ports, from Nov. 2 1849, to Sept. 30, 1850, was $4,155,257 75. By re- ference to the table of gold shipments in this arti- cle, it will be seen that the aggregate sent forward during either of two months in the year, was more than enovgh to wipe out the entire debt incurred on account of California for merchandise. In the monthoft March, 1549, the pioneer steam- ship, inthe trade between this port aad Panama, entered the * Golden Gate.” With what demon strations of rejoicings was the staunch old vessel, Californie, received, may well be imagined. In Jess than twenty-two months from that date, we find the following noble steamers traversing the waters of the Pacific, arriving end departing with the pf mi of a train of cars upon a New Eag- land railroad PACIFIC MAIL @TEAMSIIP COMPANY LINE California, Unicorn, Borah Sands, Pa Oregon, Caroline. Tean Northerner, LAW'S LINE OF PACIFIC #TRAMERS Columbus, Isthmus, Antelope. In addition to these, belonging to the regular lines, are the steamers New Orleans, Ecuador, and Constitution, which have been engaged in the Pa- nama trade, and also the Gold Hunter and the Sea Gull, which have recently been upon the route be- tween this port and Oregon. ‘he number of steamers running between this port and Panama is greater than the number employed in the trade be- tween New York and Liverpool and New York and Havre, combined. One year ago last October—fifteen months ago— the first steamer, the Senator, designed for the river trede, arrived in port. Previous to that time, the transit of the river to the ports above had been by means of small sail craft, occupying some days in a journey that is now made by many of the ves- sels named below, in from seven to ten hours. ‘There are now employed in the river trade the fol- lowing steamers :— | camens Eurtoven ix tie River Teave. Tons, Names. wns Butter... .ccee eee ee OE El Dorado, 153 Libertad. . .. WT. Clay... New Star. . u — Sacramento..... WB Total cscs ces. 6698 In addition to this list of steamers, there are also engaged in navigeting the riv id the bay, 270 craft of various There are also now lying in port, many of them abandofied and others use store ships, between five and #ix hun not a few of them of the largest class that can be found in apy of the waters of the globe. | The auction business of San Francisco beara no | unimportant relation to the trade of the city and | they retusedto permit him to bring his goods among the State. The number which we propose to them. He stored them at a crossing of the Tuol name as the principal individuals and firms legiti- | ar nd ona, S th rides, . mately engaged in this branch is seventeen, With- | in, Ny ‘they Feta the e out including the score or two whose “going, | pj te friende; but ti ing’ disposes of goods ia smaller quantities. The names of the more extensive houses are as follows :— “7 ag Bore aie street. * , Wainwright & jontgomery street un afte & Uo, M “A Thecdore Payne & Uo a Hate, M dered at sea during the gale, and six of her crew, numbering in all sixteen, met with a watery grave. It appears that at eight A. ,» on Sunday, the 16th instant, it being the mate's watch, a terrific sea struck the vessel on the larboard bow, throwing her on her beam ends, mersing the hatch in water, when she instantly filled. The watch on deck, with the exception of the mate, were washed from the decks into the sea. The captain and nine others succeeded in getting into a boat, but unprovided with either oars or sail to govern the boat, food to eat, or clothes to their backs. They had left the vessel but a few seconds when she foundered. At 11 P. M., one of the number, a eeaman named R. H still, died from exhaustion. A portion of the lining was torn from the boat, with which they continued to paddle stance of some hundred miles. After knocking about in this way, with a heavy sea runniag, for fifty-two hours, these unfortunate men were picked up by Capt. Hogan, of the Col. Tayloe, and have been safely brought into thi rt. We are inforined by Capt. 1. that it would be impoesible to descrtbe their state when taken on board his veseel, and that in his opinion they could not have survived in the boat three hours longer. They are still suflering severely, especially the captain. Their names are Joseph C. Little, first mate; James Taylor, second mate; Wm. Spooner and Bernard Keen, boat stecrers; W. Baldwin, cooper; C. Perkins, George French, and James Roundy, seamen. The names of those who were drowned we have been unable to ascertain. The ship W. V. Kent made the Farallone Rocks on the léth, when, having lost saile, spars, etc., the wes compelled to run before it, having the wind from the southeast. The Col. Tayloe experienced the gale from the southwest, lost sails, bulwarke, de The brig Eliis had it from the northwest—lost a boat, end was compelled to throw overboard about fifteen tons of her deck cargo. Indian Hostiltues in California, (From the California Courier, Jan. 1.) It apnea, from all the accounts we can gather, that the Indian tribes of California have taken the bold stand in their affairs with the whites, that they muust have undisturbed control of their old huating rounds, or perish in defending them. This isnow the issue. They refuse to listen to any proposition for peace—tor any amicable termination of their difficuities with the whites. Indeed, the exaspe- rated state of mind of the {ndians on the whole west coast, towards the whites, whom they regard as intruders upon their possessions, is likely to in- volye us in constant troubles. if they adhere to their determination, we apprehend that they are all doomed to. perish. The Indians in the northern mines, have openly | attacked trading and mining settlements, and com- | will cease to harrass the whites. mitted many thefts and murders. This they have done repeatedly. There is no evidence that they Asa matter of course, the whites will retaliate. They have al- ready Visited upon them eevere and terrible chas- tieemen's. We do not, however, consider the Indians the aggressors. Some white men, in a spirit of wenton cruelty, have shot them dowa without provocation, end thus produced a feeling of implacable hatred to the whftes, which no peaceable overtures yet offered them have been strong enough to reconcile, and they have become desperate. i ortile feeling is aseuming an open and un- disguised appearance among the tribes on the Tri- nity and Klamath. Severai skirmishes have taken place, and the whites, in sparse settlements, are in constant apprehengion of wn uding andmurdering bands of Indians. (n this acceuat, all travelling end prospecting perties go armed, and are constant- ly on the watch against indians. This hostility to the whites has existed, to some exteot, for many yeersin Oregon. In some parts of that territory, meny brutal and ferocious acts of cruelty and mur- der have been committed by them. Recent infor- mation from that quarter shows that there is no ment of hostility, but on the contrary, their ‘ition to the whites is increasing. ‘he thefts and murders committed on the immi- grating parties to California, on the Gila, and Colo- rade, by the Indians are well known to our re e It is said that not less than three hund sand dollars have been stolen from these par- ties, and over eeventy persons murdered in cold blocd. There are several powerful tribes on these rivers, and they are kept constantly organized into scouting and marauding bands, with the view of attacking small companies of immigrants. The people ot Southern California have been compelled to raise several companies to attack and severely chastise them. There are no means, we fi compelling them to be peaceable. A war of exter. mination, we fear, must be made upon them, and continued until they are all killed off, or so reduced in numbers as to be forever harmless. It will be seen from the following article, which a F, | we copy from the Stockton Journal, that the In- diane in the southern mines are in open hostility to the whites. It says: = We have been informed b: itlemen down from the mines, that the adie hha open hostility to the whites, and hi teoently mi _ reveral murders in the neighborhood of Bavage's old is since, made @ trip to Ban don his return to the moun. Indians hostile to such a pite \d Indians se ed, she latti dian: dian wives ly is now im pursuit of the hostile tribes, & leader of one division of the whites. P.8.—Since writing the above, we some further particulars in regard to t! bles, confirming the reported murder a ome and also their declaration of hostility to the whites. According to previous ing Pepe the Indiane. under Bavage. on the Little Mariposa, and on the Fresno, all left the above camps on the night of the 19th inst., and centered in the mountains. Savase was at this time on the little Mariposs, and at the hour of their leering. in the evening, wae engaged at: the camp of one of his friends. As soon a6 it was as-- certeined that the Indians had left, his wives, with the others, he mustered party of sixteen men, and started on their trail, and du the night came upor their camp. aulaking it unadvisable to disturh them. ol at that hour, h ded to encamp with his party at © little distance from them, and, in the merning, persuade to return; but it is sup? 5 fact of the Indians starting out trom their pat such ly inthe morning. ag behind them an ‘squaw. who had died from fatigue, two living chil- at they had ascertalned, by some m that a party wasj.on their trail, Savage and hi: still pursued, and during the day overtook: all forts te je them to They would not let him roach within two hun yards of them, and at distance they told him that they hed murdered his men on the Frezno and burnt up his camp, and that they were going to carry their squaws echil- dren back of the Snow mountains, aud then coming. éown to fight the white people so long as their faces were white, for cutting down their acorn trees and oc- cupying their lands. They wished him to gohomeand tell the white people what they had said, and not to tell any lies about them They also told him that he could go back and kill the two children which they had left, and bury the bodies of the men whom they had murdered on the Frezpo, stating that they did not burn them with the camp. The men murdered on the Frezno were Greely, of Maine; Stiffin, of Ohio; and James Kennedy, of Empire City. 'A man by the name of Brown, a butcher in the Mariposa, escaped badly wounded. ‘These are the facts, as ted tous by gentlemen from the Mariposa, who ha’ vage and othere who went out wich him on the pedition, and in the main may be relied upon. ‘At the last accounts, Savage, at the head of a party of about one hundred men, was in pursuit ef the [n~ dians. It is estimated that the Indian force numbers six thoueand strong. and if so, they have it in theic power to do @ vast deal of mischief. Since writing the above, we notice that Dr. O. M. Wozencraft, formerly of this city, and Reddie McKee, late a prominent merchant of Wheeling, Virginia, Indian Agents, have arrived in San Pran- cisco. Mr. M IcKee is a very intelligent and ener- getic gentleman, and will make an efficient officer, unless he has greatly degenerated since we knew him. We hope that these gentlemen will at once: attempt to reconcile the difficulties with these Ia- dians. Outrageous Case of Kidnapping Females. [From the Alta California, Jan. 1.J Some time in the month of July or August last, the American schooner Jupiter, Capt. Snow, ar~ rived at the island of Dominique, (one of the group of the Marquesas Islands) and remained there for several weeks. While at the island of Dominique, the captain and mate induced five female, one of whom wes the queen of the bay, and only fourteer years of ege, and the others the daughters of chiefs, to go on boerd the schooncr, by some false pretence, and soon after they were on board, got under way, and forcibly, aud against the will of the females, brought them to this port. Daring: the voyage the females were treated witie great cruel and after their arrival here they were treated still worse, so much so that all of them jumped overboard, and endeavored to escape to the shore. Having been saved from drowning, they were egeia teken on board, and soon after the schooner sailed for Stockton, still retaining the females on board. Col. Collier, the collector of this port, made a re- presentation ‘of the above facts to the Justices of the Supreme Court “noeme 4 morning, and a writ of habeas corpus was immediately issued, directing” the sheriff of Sen Francisco to cause the said females to be brought before the Supreme Court, and summoning Captain Snow and Mr. Coleman, the mate of the Jupiter, to appear and show the cause of their detention. Alexander Rose, a seamen on board the Jupiter, was shipped at Domingue, where he had resided fortwo years, subscribed the petition upon which the writ was grented. Col Collier stated that two vessels are now in port ready to sail forthe Marquesas, and will convey the females to their homes. |The: ceptains of the vessels represent that it would bo extremely hazardous to proceed on their voyare without these females, es they are fearful tha the natives will take revenge upon every Ameri can vessel which may visit the islands. Colone Collier states that, while in this pe Capt. Snow forced the females to receive the visits of dissolu'e men, and in this vile business he collected a cone siderable eum of money. Census Statistics of California, (From the Caiiformia Courier, Jan. 1.) Shortly after Mr. Hull, the census ageat for this county, commenced his duties, he furnished xe with @ statement, embracing some particulars rela~ tive tothe first 3,200 inhabitants, which we pub lished. We are indebted to the same gentlemar for the following, relative to the next er facceeding: 9,425 inhabitants registered by him, as follows Born in foreign eo ee Mi “State of Ni " « “Massachusetts other States... rl year an Pacific Ocean. 1 off © on the Bq Born in the Rocky Mountaii sd Nebraska Territor; “Patagonia, , Total. ..see To which add... And we bave now enumerated.................12 626 —of which 7.423 are foreigners,and 5,202 are Ameri- can born citizens—1,270 ef which were born in the State of Massachusetis, and 1,191 in New York. The agent being required to take the whole county, has, since his Tormer report, been a con- siderable portion of the time out of the city, or in the outskirts, where but slow progress was made in the enumeration. The above statement, how- ever, comprires only those within the city. The region yet tof enumerate is comprised hetween Broadway on the north, Stockton on the west, and Secramento on the south, being the moe densely populated region of the city, and where the service can be done much more expeditiously. The especial law allows the agents in this and Oregon, additional time beyood the Ist Jam ry, which is allowed in the States. Mr. H_ expect to finish by the Ist of February. Much difficuliy is experienced in getting the returns, as the oc- cupents of many houses are absent from early morn until late at night, ‘ The most numerous class of persons in the city ere mariners, next to which, in mechanical pro- fessions or trades, (exclusive of persons desi¢~ naling themselves as jaborere,) come carpenters, and then teamsters. The fernale population wil! be much larger than was anticipated, of which & large portion are from the British colonies. The this year requires the reg’ or young—the occupatior ether with the personal estimate of the in 8 real estate in the jurisdiction of the and many particulars are to be ence the work is slow. Theagent estimates that there is a floating Nation of about one-fifth, which it will be impossible for him to enumerate, at least as fully as the law requires Our Present Population, [From the Alta California, January 1.) When the course of political events directed the eyes of the United States towards this country, and the events of war threw it into our ie which the treaty of Guadalupe changed to a per- manent posession, there were not a few of our pecple who turned their faces,thitherward, tired, perhaps, with a fruitlees search for wealth, or fame, or station, in the * settlements,” and deteramined at to find independence where there was plenty of breathing room. Most of such made little deti- nite calculations of returning. Others, too, came nd hunting trapping life ta the Rocky Mountains, from Oregon, andfrom Mexico. Few of these expected to get suddenly rieh and go back. Generally they came here to settle. But when the cry of inexhaustible gold struct the world amazed, vast numbers who would never have thought of coming thither through the love of excitement, or for the purpose of cu'tivating the poy cmne ny in the grand cavalcade, and came like the locusts of Egypt,to eat up all they could ootai and disappear. e came like Mahomet wh he fled to Mecea; their journey ot voyage was their Hegira—an escape from feared evils or pun- ent—rather than a very definite object. Others. came like the Pilgrims, to find and enjoy freedom; to build up an empire and inscribe their names on the pedestal of its columns. Some came like the visiters to @ wa'ering place, to leave when the sea- fon should be over, Others like devotees to @ shrine where they expected to live and die. ak are cohen the evanescent has already /e gone, or, becoming too poor. have found it Segonnaty to ro to work upon some ct} op RN them eisher go of remain. ! who expected to get any quantity of gold without labor, have geacrally become dis-