The New York Herald Newspaper, February 6, 1851, Page 6

F - 7 — aeciaa see Annual Repest of the Executive Committee of the State Nermal Schoo}. The report is addressed to the State Superinten- dent of Common Scneols and Regents of the Uni- versity of New York, by the Executive Committee of the State Normal School, and under separate heads, the several points worthy of public atten- tion are given, of which we present a synopsis. ATTENDANCK. The annexed table shows the number of pupils in each term, and also the number and sex of the graduate s:— GRADUATES. Year. Students: Dale. Female. Total First : ot) 5 Bt ae o ww @ con t x 2 & Third ‘ 7 2 & 2 7 2 5 Fourth > u 8 46 2 3 A vith hon wy 8 2 " 2 2 3 Sixth 3 jatn a SoM 2303 «276 = 21S a pupils whe have enjoyed the advan- teges of the school, 1,447. The sumber of stu- dents has been larger auring the pas™than in any preceding year. CLASSIFICATION OF STUDENTS. — The sehool is divided into four classes, sub- juniors, juniors, sab-seaiors aud seniors, making a 1wo yeurs’ course of study. These classes are erranged ip divisioos to suit the convenience of recitations. The relative ing and advance- ment of the pupils will be seen from the followin, table, which exhibits the classification of the students, who now compose the school,now prose- cuting its 13th term :— Males. Females. Total. bs 13 36 Seniors S| -W 22 51 > 20 58 73 =) iL 61 COURSE OF STUDY. The following is the course of study tor th: school; and a thorough acquaintance with the whole of it, on the parc of the male pupila, is made @ condition for graduating: — SUB- JUNIORS. Reading. .......- + eee ee+-Mandeville. Spelling. Elementary sounds of letters. Page’s Normal C hart. ‘Writing. Geography and Outline Mapa. Mitchell. Tntefleetual Arithmetic. Elementary Arithmetic Eoglish Grammar History. . an E£lementary Algebra, Antellectual Arithmeti Elementary Arithmetic High Arithmetic, begun. Geography and Map Drawing riung. Elementary sounds of letters. . Pag Reading Mitchell. rmal Chart. Mandeville. Hissory «. Worcester. English Gramm» -. Browa. Elementary Algebra +++ Perkins. SUD-SENIORS. Spelling Book- keeping Englieh Grammar, reviewed. Higher Arithmetic, reviewed Geometry, six books. Constituuonal Law, ung’s Sci- parts of the Statutes of this State, } ence of Go- most intimately counecied with | verament; Re- the rights amd duties of citizens. | vised Statutes. Drawing. Elementary Algebra, reviewed + Perkins. —— Philosophy..... Olmsted. erspective Drawin, Lectures Mathematical Geography and Use of GAODEB 6.60 eens eee secece cece core LOCHUFES. SENIORS. Higher Algebra, Chape. Vil and VIII, pmitung Muitinomial Theorem, and Recurring Seres,)..........+-s+e000 Perkins. Plane ‘Ingonometry, as contained ims... se Davies’ Legendre. Land Surveying i Davies. Rheto ° ovaen . Lectures. Aids to English Composit - Parker: Human Physiology .. . Cutter. ‘Astronomy ......... Robins Tatellectual Philosophy . Abercrombie. 3 2 seal Gigli sees. Silliman Agricultmal Chemisiry oe Elements ot Scientific Agriculiure. Wayland’s Elements d Lectures, Theory Practice of Teaching and Exper. School. Mora! Philosophy Art of Teaching. Webster's standard ia the Normal School. Leseons in Vocal Music to be given to all. The seme course of study, omitung the higher algebra, piain trigonometry, surveying, and astro- be aitamed by females, as a condition Any of pupils who desire fur- ue Mathematics, are allowed to do so pleting the above course of study. Pu- ering the school are subjected toa tho- mination, and are classified according to ious attainmests. The time required to h the course depends upon the attain- nd talents of the pupil. During the past year, the committee have revised with great care, ahe course of study time bad been spent on some subjects, to the neg- lect of others believed to be of more importance to the teachers of common schools; hence several chances have been made, eo that greater attention Gistory, English might be paid to book keeping, composition, end other kindred subjects. How extended ehould be the course of instruction in Siles T. Bowen, A. M wat ge of Intellectual 5 c. se vin Ww. Clark. A: M.--Teacher of Natural ‘Tramaw | Bowen Teacher of Vocal Music, Grammar, \c. x { Elizabeth C. Hance—Teacher of Reading and Ann Maria Ostrom—Teacher of Drawing, Geo- graphy, Xe. CHANGE OF VACATIONS. ie The attention of the committee has been direct- ed, tor some time, to the fact of the great preva- lence of sickness among the teachers and of the ee! during the summer terms, a inal: resolved, that the term of the Normal Schoo! which begur on the second Monday of Nevember, continue nineteen weeks, and that the next term thereafter, begin immediately at the close of the first term, and continue nineteen weeks, and that hereafter, the terms be fixed as follows: The fall term to begin on the third Monday in September, and continue twenty-one weeks, including an in- termienenet one week, from Chri i, ear’s day. The spring term to begin on the last Monday in February, and continue tweaty weeks. ASSOCIATION OF GRADUATES OF STATE NORMAL 5 : SCHOOL. This association was organized on the 26th of September, 1849. Its objects are to keep up a system of correspondence between the Institutioa and its ages ites, and to furnish schools with well qi teachers, and well qualified teachers with schools. The utility of the association is demonstrated by the fact, that the number of ap- plications for efficient Normal graduates, as teach- ers for the common schools of the State, has reatly increased since its establishment. t may be well to mention, that the call for Normal teachers is not limited to this State alone. Frequent applications from other States and from the British Provinces are received; but it has not been deemed proper to recommend the graduates to places without | the boundaries of our owa commonwealth, as the | | Normal School was established, and is supported, by the State for the supply of its own educational wants. INVENTORY. The moveable property of the Normal and Expe- rimental Schools is preted by full inventorie: which, at the close of every term, it is the duty o! the principal to make a report concerning. LIBRARY AND APPARATUS. The libraries continue under the charge of Mr. Webb, who reports that the miscellaneous library contains 734 bound volumes, and 110 unbound ma- gezines acd other pamphlets. In the text-book library therg are 4.519 volumes fit for use; 343 vo- lumes are reported as worn out; of the 4,519 vo- lumes named above, 270 volumes have been re- port, by donation and purchase, volumes. bound. The increase in this lil since last re- - | apparatus were suflerin; {t was found that the chemical and philosophical ‘ant of suitable for the | cases to exclude them from the action of the air. | AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY | ad | Unebridged (juarto Dictionary i the | These have been procured, and the committee re- port the entire apparatus as im good order, and in the care of the teacner of chemi: By the liberality of the Hon. James S. Wad» worth, of Geneseo, funds were placed in the hands of the committee, for the purpose of furnishing a copy of Professor Johnston’s Catechism of Agricul- | wral Chemistry and Geology, to each of the gra- duates of the Normal School. A circular was at the same time prepared, and sent to each of the gra- duates, urging upon their attention the importance of agricultural chemistry as a subject of study in com- mon schools. EXPERIMENTAL SCHOOL. | | This schooi is in @ prosperous condition, under the cflicient superintendence of Mr. Phelps. Dy the liberality of S.S Randall, Esq., deputy su- perintendent of common schools, a miscellaneous library, forthe use of the pupils of the experimenta! 8€ hod, has been formed, Mr. R. having conuributed 245 volumes for this purpose. DEATH OF COL. YOUNG The committee have again to perform the mourn- ful dury of recording the death of another of their associates, the Lon. Samuel Young, who departed this life on the 34 of last November, in the 71st year ofbisage The State of New York is in- debited to Col. Young more than to any other in- dividuel, for the establishment of the Normal School. When superintendent of common schools, he again and again, in his reports, urged the import- ance of such cn institution, and having had the happiness of seeing his wishes accomplished, while he was yet in office, the school was begun under hie aus 2, aud indeed it owes much of its pre- sent efficiency to his wise counsels and directions For several years, however, he has seldom met with the comimittee, yet they always appealed to him for advice in difficult questions, and always found his counsels safe avd judicious. Of his cha- | racter and public services it is not the province of | the committee to speek; but when the history of this State, embracing the period of Col. Young's publi life is written, his name will occupy a con- | epicuous, and not inglorieus place. The Strike of the Spinners at Fall River, TO TNE TDITOR OF THE HERALD. I wish to make a few observations on the present | state of things in Fall liver, through the medium | of yourpayer. I think the subject is of sufficient importance to induce you to give insertion to the little information | have concerning it I have lately been in Fall River, and ascertained that the strike still continues, without any signs of either party giving way to the other. The suc- cessful termination of this strike, if I understand it rightly, depends mainly upon the spinners. They were the first branch that left work, and the others had to stop in consequence, although the other It was found that too much trenches had given notice of their intention to leave work on the 20th of November, 1850. The spinners left work on the 20th of that month, and like prodent men, immediately formed a@ union, and eet mea to work in different ways to assist those whostocd in need of the necessaries of life, in morma! schools is a grave question, and one which | which, | am heppy to say, they nobly succeeded. the commuitcee have considered long and anxiously n undoubted fact, that the sole purpose of the pment of such a school in this State, was to prepare competent teachers for our common schoo's. This tact, the committee wish in future to keep ever in their view: in the past they have k rhaps not doue so, as much as they should, and ence that kind ef knowledge has been imparted, which filted the students for other and more lucra- tive pursuits; and we are sorry to say that ia a number of instances, the students have prefe the greater gains of er pursuits, to keeping their promise of teaching common schools. The com- Mittee are not ebie to state the number of such Violations ot faith, but they are believed to be more us of Jat ly, and are a cause ow and « rf no well founded expec- tien can be cherished of his becoming a good Citizen, who begins the active duties of life by vio- lating a solemn prom se. THE BUILDING ‘The Legislature, at its last session, appropriated $2,000, to be expended “in blinds and seats for the said buil ther improv ts in the ite re ol as the said Executiv ding, avd for such | arrangements of e Committee shall sum of $300, was reya the Normal School nt of these appropriations, er with $312 57,4 balaace of the building fond, umexpended at the date of the last report, al of the committee the gross © be expended ia perfecting the arrangements of the school. With this eum, the committee have been able to procure iron shutters and casings tor the back windows and doors, which it is believed, will secure the building against all from fire inthe rear. lasid utters have n procured for all the windows, one hun- dred setiees have been bought to seat the large lec- ture room, new cases have been procured for the chemical and philosophical apparatus, trees have been planted on the ede- walks on Lodge and How- ard streets, and the drains and sinks relaid and a ranged more commodiously than before. Thess outlays have added much, pct only t the comfort and convenience of the teachers avd s'udentas, but glso to the safety of the building ; end the commi- tee would return their thanks to the Legislature, for the readiness with which these appropriations have been made for the school. The exoense of these repeirs and additions has heen $2.7 4, Ox- ceedin, nt which was to have been thus expended, but the committee have been able to meet thie payment, and do not ask for any additional appropriation. INDIAN PUPILS. ” The Legislature, March 23, 1850, passed “An act to provide for the support and education of a limited number of Indian youth of the State of New York, at the State Normal School.” Imme- diately after the passage of this act, arrangements Were made to carry its provisions into eflect ; and at the beginning of the following term of the achool, in May last, mitted, three o| ad eix mal 8, a Four of these pupile, two females and two males, ‘were not sufficiently advanced to be admitted into the Normal School; aod were placed in the experi- mental department. The conduct of all these pu- pils has been commendable, and they are making as great progress as could be expected from persons whose opportunities of improvement have been so limited. FACULTY ‘The following is a list of the names and duties of the present instructors: — George R. Perkins, A. M.—Principal A RT A atte armmrerecae of Experi. Darwin G. Eaton, A. M.—Teacher of Physio- &e. r CG. Webb, Librarian—Teacher of Arith- [believe taey have adopted various means, and are stil, practising the same, whereby to raise a fund for the supportef those among them who have Po meane of supporting themselves while on strike. They have got a fund, which is supported by the epinners of other towns in New England, in a mao- her which refleets great credit on their conduct and generosity. [am pot aware that any eesiet- ence has been rendered by the workingmen ot New York; but 1 think they have a claim upon the workinwmen of this city for some assistance, and which clam weuld neither require eloquence nor force to compel them to render such assist- avce. The workmen of this city are too no! hearted to require anything further than an expla tion of how matters stand, to induce them toeatend the right|band of fellowship to their brother proleta- rans of the New England States. | am aware of the antipathy which you and others have against strikes; but I] will undertake to show that this strike is not merely a Fal) River question, but that itisa New t.ngland,question, and consequently one that will affect, to some extent, the weces o throughout a great part of the United States. The operatives of Fall River receive lees wages for performing the same amount of work thau auy operatives in this country or in England, previous to this reduction being otlered. What, thea, would It be, after teking ten per cent off one branch, fifteen from another, and twenty-five from another’ Would not the wagesfoe as low agin Europe? Let us see how it would affect the other towns and other cities. Fail River makes looma, catding machines, and spinning frame mules, &e, e., Se. Wherever these machines are taken to work, they teke Fall River prices with them; and it is m opinion that the mules made here will turn ¢ iW more and better work than any other kind of cot- ton spinning mules that are now working. Theee mules must be attended by men; and if those men cannot earn sufficient to maintain their famihes, their wives or their children will have to go and work in the mills to asstet them; neither of whom could de so without opening a wide field of demo- ralization, which no reasonable man will deny is destructive of the best interests of the nition, and the epiritual and temporal welfare of the bu. man tace | may be told'that the prosperity of this country does not depend upon the mapufaciurers of cotton. Certainly, this country would not fail if cotton manufactures ceased; but it would receive @ check, from which it would be a long time in re- covering, it ever it did recover and regain that commercial traffic of which it now justiy boasts. It would be far better that it should cease altoge- ther than that thousands of human beings should be compelied to Jabor for wages that are insuffi- cientto supply the physical wants of nature, leaving the education of the rising generation uncared for ard unnoticed l tell you, capitalists and proletariana, (for capi- tali ad legielatures have made a di ction al- re you are approaching a crisis, — beware, pro- sabor ¢ Indian pupils were ad- | letarians,— watch youri nterats,—unlock the public . | lands, and have an inheritance to leave to your children that is worth living for. If you per the revellers in luxury and earthly pleasure to ri: rovgh-shod over the operatives of Fall River, a0 surely as day follows night, like a contagious disease it will spread through the New England States, and the laborers there, fiadin « they can no longer obtain a fair remuneration for their labor, wiil crowd your cities and your towns, and thereby reduce the price of your labor to a level with theirs. ‘The various placarda which the spingers of Fall River have iseued, (one of which I append,) fairly prove that the menofacturers are able to pay the price demanded. Hoping you will give insertion to thie letter, and that the workingmen of this city will do their duty, if called vpon, | remain, A Wor oxotan » Jan. 31, 1861 t but honesty, truth and perseverance to them. We heve “otrike ” f N fe strike” since the 20th of cent of our their already umuleted wealth, at the ex- of the rem liberties and well being of the community. @ have never manifested any ling of @atagoaism towards our employers, whereas, they, (or at least a part of them,) have Jeft no means untried to compel us to submit to their terms. The weakest among us have beea selected and offered bribes, insulted with threats, and ordered to leave the tenements which they now eccupy under the Company, within a certain period, (under penalty of prosecution,) a period too short for them to ‘oe so, even if they were dis- d to do it. Shareholders in this Company ave been to a mill a ehort distance from here, and combined with the owners to discharge any man that collected money to assist their brother operatives in Fall River—which they have done without giving the legal notice which they re- quire from any one leaving their empley. These proceedings require no further comment from us. Suffice ic to say, that all humane men will fairly ap reci @ proceeding that would oust half-fed, hal clad families of men, women and alee: into the streets at such time of the year as this. To the spinners of other towns who have ren- dered us assistance, we only wish to say that our etlorts shall prove to the country aadto them that we are what our Maker inteuded us—men—not slaves or inachines, to be used as others may dic- tate; and we hope this will convince all working men that Self abasement paves the way To villain’s bonds and despot’s sway. _ We have often been told that the mill-owners of Fall River would pay the same price for spinaing as their neighbors. ‘e consequently obtained a sumber of lists trom the most reliable sources to which we could gain access—for we cangot go to the owners’ houses and enjoy the festive scenes, dances, Wc., &c, Xe., nor to the offices of the clerks, unless we get an introduction by the Rev. Mr. T. B, or the wealthy Mr. J. T., or the Hon. Mr. A. 8, orsome other empty headed creature, none,of which we can obtain. Our lists, therefore, may Rot be correct to the cent; but to avoid the charge of exaggeration, we have set them lower than what they really ought to be. It 1s ourdesire that you (the public) shall examine, candidly, these lists, and then judge for yourselves whether we are right or not. We propose you as the jury, ourselves the plaintiffs, our employers the de- fendants. Letthe silent, but powerful, monitor, public opinion, decide the case. Our employers cannot Charge us with want of courtesy in publish- ing these statements, since we have shown our lists to them previous to taking this step; we also told them that we would willingly examine their books, if agreeable to them, and Swe found they could not really pay the price we formerly had, we would work at such price as would afford them a fair profit, and us a comfortable existence. ‘The appended list will show the eost for spinning 10,500 ibs. of yarn, No. 2%}, at the following places :—— Fa.u River.--Metacomet, Pocasset and Massa- soit Stesm Mill, at the p.ice now offered, $92 50; or, for 100 skeins, 2 cents 8 mills. Lowett anp Orxer Piaces.—Lawrence, Boott, and Hamilton Mulls, and Mulls at Great Falls, for same yern, now pays $162 05; at Slatersville, Wooa- socket, Hamlet, Mensville, Ashton, Quicknick, Phenix, Jackson, Hope, Blackstone and Provi- dence Mills, the average for 100 skeins, 29 7-10 yarn, 5 cents 5 mills. In England, the average tor 100 skeing, 20s to 40s yarn, is 3 cents 8 mills. Nore —The letter *s” attached to the figures, denotes the number of skeins in a pound of yaro, according to quality. These are our statements and the statements we brought before our employers, who could not deny their accuracy; consequently, whatever private de- nial they may give must be considered as invalid. it must also be observed that there are xo mills stopped in these States on accouut of ‘‘hard times.”” Those milis that are not running, are repairing their floors, machinery, &c. We aiso find that the Merrimac stocks sold last week in the Boston market for 20 per cent. This does not look much lke woking their mills at a loss, although they are paying something like 63 per cent more for their epinoing, and 6 to 8 more tor weaving, than is paid in Fail Rover, besides letting their tenements 20 to 30 per cent lower, and boarding their help 18 per cent cheaper than in Fall River. Various com- panies, whea they reduced their help, reduced their rents also, and gave @ promise that when trace revived their wages shouid be reiusiated. In Great Fails, facet and rent are 30 to 35 per cent oper then in Fall River. In Lowell and Great alls they commence work at 7 o'clock in the ng, ond stop at half past 7 in the evening. Spinners are aliowed to atop their mules om cer- tain deys, time evfficient to clean them; but we | must commence at half past five in the merning, | and work till half past ee in the eveni ad instead of stopping our m 0 clean them, must | do it when we ought to be eatrng our food, or rest- ing our weery limbs in bed; besides other advaa- tages end pri’ nes LOO DUMErOUs to Meation here Mouufacturers, how can you, 48 conscientious, ho- pest men, say we Willpay you as much moncy as they cara in Lowell, considering these advantages, and that one of your spinners Will gpia 300 pouads more and betcer yarn every week than is made by | any one spinner in Lowell? There is also another subject that requires your consiteratioa—that we are paid a Jess price for spinning than 1s paid in England. Englieb prices vary from Is. 5d. to Is Yd per 1000 skeins. or an average of 3 cents 5 mills per 100 skeins for No. 2s to 46s. yaro; and yet we ere told that our manufacturers cannot compete with the foreign mennteciurer. If cor manufae- turers would be more economical! in their household expenditure and outward decorativas, their bewail- ing? would have more eflect. When we tind ove compeny reising two cupalos on their mills, for which they must pay six per cent interest on 310,000, ond ancther paying $700 for one span of horses, we cannot shed tears for their losses, Nor starve our children to ease them. We hope yeu wil! continue your support in the same friendiy and berevolent manner you hitherto have done for the assistance of those among us who have nothing else to rely vpon. In conclusion, we wieh to remark that our friends in the country have acted as nobly as we expected them; and now tbat we have become More eccustomed to this business, we have appoint- mming parties, fishing parues, concert par- . lecture perties, and have a good managing party at home, to distribute to those who stand in need and watch events connected with our interest, so that you will see we are not idle nor depeadiag rely upon the generosity of others, With many # for your assistance, we remain yours, uni- tedly and respectfully, Pug Srinncrs or Fann R Jan 31, 1851. EF Neglect of the U. S. Government, RACK Ff TUE P CHARLES WHARTON, AND THE SCHOOMKE (OASTING TRAD LR Some time during the Indian war, the United Ststee government chartered th ip Charles Wharton, of Philedeiphia, to take ou stores ond ammunition, destined for the pub On the passege to Tampa Bay thie veseel struck on Muller Key, and was there wrecked. In this situ- ation, with her masts cut away, and a signal of dis- *, (union down) she lay in a very critical con- dition—a boisterous sea and a violent tempest rag- ing at thetime, perling the lives of al! on boa, ‘The officers of the United States reveaue cutter Jocknon, at that time at enchor in shore, witnessed the scene, and would not venture to their rescue: nor could other veseels be induced to attempt a pas- sege to the wrecked ehip. The schooner “ Cua ing Trader,” Elliet Smith, master, performed that i nd got to the ship, amid the storm and nd succeeded in getting to her in an open nped several times. y saving the fives of ¢ officers and soldiers, and their stores, besides @ arge amount of government property, all of which he landed in safety. Among the officers 90 rescued, wes Surgeon General Thomas Lawson. For thei highly important and meritorious services, Capt. Biliot and bie gatlant crew heve never received a doller, though he and his men endangered their lives, and lost the profite of the voyage. A petition hes been before the government, and the facts and services herein stated have n fuily proved and edmitted. The cargo on beurd, which was thrown overboard to tneke room for the persoas on board the ehip, belonged to the gallant Major Denald Fra- ser, who has, aleo, been neglected aad unrewarded. The ease was referred to the Committee on Com- merce, that sustained all the facts stated, and re- commended the Secretary of War to remuuerate the claimante liberally; but, like other and similar cases, where justice is due, it still remaing undone As Avstrarian [crs onme.—The Australian pa- verve are begunning to ask the question, Where is yw. Leichdardt' The time has already elapsed, according to” his own esumate, when he should have been heard of at the end of a successful jorr- ney. Three years have passed since he uadertook bis task of exploring an unknown part of the great Australian cen n'y tWe yeare since he was heard of last. He had then returned three hundred miles tothe last stetion on the frontier, for the purpose of dercritong the beauty and fertility of the country through which he and his companions had passed, sayicg, in justification of the proceeding, that he fearea he moght never return trom hie great jour- ney, and was enxious that the knowledge which he had already giiced should not be lost. He de- pared again, ip high epirita, into the pathlees wil- dernesa, and hes never since been hears or ween he authorities of New South W hould at onee set the machiwery of succor at work. — Lamdon Aunanm. mE | lant defence. TO THE BDITOR OF THE HERALD. The brevets bestowed upon our gallant officers, during the late war with Mexico, have led to many difficulties, bickerings, jealousies, and misunder- standings. Is not an officer with brevet rank clearly entitled to all the considerations, all the emoluments of rank, command, and all the courte- sies and military salutes, when he is assigned to his brevet command, as when he hoids that position in theline? An officer is assigned to « command equivalent to that rank—his orders clearly express that he is to assume his position in accordance with his brevet, not his lineal rank; with these orders a brevet major of merines was ordered, by the Navy Deparynent, to take passage in the cabin of the U. S ship Vincennes, to assume the command ofthe marines of the Pacific squadron. He was assigned his brevet rank by the Navy Department, aud accommodations ordered for him in ths ship. With these orders he repaired on bourd, was recognized by the captain in his capa- city, and all the attentions and courtesies due that rank extended to him. On the arrival of the Vincennes at Callao, the first heutenant declined his attendance at the gangway, and ordered the officer of the deck to extend to him such courtesy only as were due him, in his official capacity, as a captaia in the line. By whut right had the first lieutenant to decide on the authority of the Navy Department?) How had he the presumption to throw aside the express or- ders of the department, to questien its authority, and substitute his own opinions and his own powers, to invalidate the orders of the Secretary of the Navy, is certainly more than 1 can imagine or con- ceive. A letter was addressed to Capt. Hudson asking him if he did, or did not, recognise him in his offi- cial capacity of brevet major, under au assigament of the Navy Depariment. In reply, Capt. Hudson says:—“I recognized you in capacity of brevet major, under an assignment of the Navy Depart- ment, and ordered ui! the salutes, attentions, and courtesies extended to yon, which are given to my- self on going from or returning to the ship, except the attendance of the first leutenant at the gang- he being older as a lieutenant thi aagie’ as a captain, 1t would be manifest inju to that officer to require his atiendance.” — [t 1s unneces- sary to examine this deep, logical reasoning. If Capt. Hudson recognized him im his capacity of major, by what parity of reasoning could he exact the attendance of his firet lieutenant at the side, and refuse the same courtesy to a brevet mejor, whose rank he had thus officially recognized as equal to his own. a lt is cereialy exceedingly difficu!t to understand or explain such reasoning, except to call it purely naval, for no construction ‘known to the English language can satisfactorily explain the manifest absurdity of each peculiar mode of drawing naval conclusions. a ‘ The first lieutenant says, ** itis manifestly un- juet that brevet rank should be recognized afloat, because there is no such grade recognized in that peculiar branch of the ervice.” He calls the at- tention to the brave and gallant defence of San Jose by Lieut. Heywood, of the navy, wad adds, ‘¢ if there was such agrade known to the navy, Lieut, Heywood wouid have had at least two bre- vets.” * There can be no doubt of the high deserts of Lieut. Heywood ip that most successfal and bril I know of nothing superior to it éuring the war. Most richly, most deservedly, did thet gailent officer earm his proud reputation, by that splendid and glorious defence ; and it will cer- tainly not detract trom his well earned merits, that his garrison was composed nine-teoths of marines. lt is their misfortune—not their fault, that the; have received no brevets; but why shoulda rine. er, Who has gallantly won his brevet amid the iron bail of Chepuitepec, and the storming of the Belin Gate and the national palace, suffer by the cold neglect, the miserable jeaiousies, and ridi- culous absurdities ofthe navy ? On the arrival of the Vincennes at her station, he is gravely told by the Commander-in-Chief, tnat he connot be recognized in his capacity of brevet maior, because 1! would establish a precedent, of which he did not deeire the responsibiity of aking. What terrible responsibility would rest on his shoulders, for simply obeying orders from the Sec- retary of the Navy ? which orders were in simple compliance with jaw and regulation. The foilow- ing is the law in question:—** Be it enacted,” Xe , «That the officers of the army who have brevet cornmigeions, shall be entitled to, and receive the pey and emoluments of, brevet rank, when on duty, and naving a command according to their brevet ronk, end at no other time;” And it is here- by further enacted, ‘That the ofhcersof the marine corps shall be, in relution to rank, on the same fooung as officers of the same grade in the army, provided that no officer of ahe marine corps shall excrciee command over any vessel or navy yard of the United States.” )n the face of this plain and epecific law, in the free of the direct and positive Aesigumekt Of the officer to aeormand equal to bis brevet rank, the Commander-in-Chief shrinks from the responsibility of obeying the orders of the Navy Department, and commits a palpable injustice to a guliant officer, Whoee hair has been blanched by the active service of nearly thirty years, only to ratify the idle and causeless jealousies of the navy. ‘hie fear of responsibility, too, from one of those officers, who provdly boast that they are the law, | that they ere the judge, when, where, and under what circumstances, they are to condescend to gratify the express wishes of the Secretary of the Navy. They will recognise no brevets in the navy; they will have no marine officers in their ships, Whose rank is superior to their own selfish utenants. No; but they will have, when it eases them, @ junior lievienent, janior by filty- eight numbers, in command of & sloop-of-war, to the exclusion of an old lieutenant sent out by the Navy Department specifically, for the squadron in the Pacitic, thus creating, and actually acknow- ledgipg, brevet rank in the navy, when it suits their own purpose—thus disregarding the claims and iights of a marine officer, the orders and assign- | the Navy Department, to please the srl. , or their still more to be condetmuaed | jealousy. 7 What right has the Commander-in-Chief to go behind the Secretary of the Navy's orders, aud decide aguinst an assignment of the department to an officer of brevet rank ! to say he shail or shuil not, have all the salutes, all the attentions, and all the courtesies of thatrank tis he to say, that the department is incapable of deciding, what, when, and under what circumstances, brevet tank isto take effect! Is he to let the small and contermptible jealousies of the navy influence him, which ie to do so mach and so palpable in- justice to a gallant and meritorious officer, who has Won his brevet in one of the most fierce and gallant struggles, in the moet splendid campaign on military record’ It does no’, it cannot, make the ehghtest diflerence, what the rank may be of a brevet major, Whether that rank is @ Second lieutenant or a captain. It is with the brevet rani, api the brevet rank alone, with whieh he has anything to do, and with his lineal ramk, what- ever it may be, he has nothing to do, and he has not the slightest, or the most remote right, to re- fuse any, or ell the attentions and all the military courtesies due their rank. He has no right to in- quire what position he occupies in the line, whether he does or does not, even have a com- mission; as far as brevet rank is concerned, it is of no earthly consequence, What is brevet rank ? It must incan something or nothing. It murt be of some consequence—ot some importance; must give some privileges— some rank to him whe hoids it, or it is of no con- sequence, and, therefore, would not be conferred. It moet certainly eutides Lim, who holds that reak to wear the vnivorm of that grede, of prece- ¢ on courts martial, or visiis of ceremony, § What possible right, then, had the com Mander in chiet of a sqadron, or of a military di- vision, to refuse all the military attentions due thatrank ! Js it the individnal or the rank whieh is saluted when an officer vieits © ship of war, or a militery post?) Was it I. F. Srvith, Eeq , or the ronk of major general, which that high soldier and cliveirous ¢flicer had'so gloriously, so bravely wor by hia cool daring, and impetaous and fiery gelientry, m the terrible storming of Monterey, or in ihe world-wide fame end bloody croggee of Contreras, and which he held by brevet, which wee ec luted with the highest honors, with the full strength of the marine guaid and three rolls of the jrume, onboard of the tleg ship of she Dacilic equad: | Ifan English trigate cones into this pert, and en officer in the unitorm of a major of the royal marines visits this ship, is the captain to search the Lnglish navy list to see whether he hoids thet rank im the line, or by brevet! Is he to be refused the ‘eual compliments due to his rank watil a council of his constitutional advisers can be called, to decide whether his lineal or his brevet rank is to be saluted ? If an army officer, in the uniform ot a colonel, visits the ship, is the boat to be kept oi] by the sentinel at the gangway until the army register can be overhauled to as cerioin his lineal ¢ brevet rank, or whether his lineal rank enti him toa “present” or a “carry arms” from the sentiae! at the tangway, or wheiher he is to be received with « cor eergeant’s or lieutenant’s guard, or by the o' cer of the deck, first licutenant or captain ! Most clearly he is entitled to all the honors, all the military jutes, which that grade can give under any cir- curmetances: tie the rank which demande and which receives those salutes; and the Commander in-Chief has no right to inquire whether that rank ia lineal or brevet With what mortification, then, does the officer d the orders of his own superior officer and the firect esrignment of the Navy Department dis- regarded, and himself placed in the disagreeable end mortifyieg eitvation of his rights disregarded fod trampled on by the caugeless jealousies of these who plead only that they have po brevets. The military profeesion is aecond to none in ite high and gallant daring, aud i glorious re- | the commander of the Vincennes to diverge from | the expected continuance of pr henatte te. ve Te] sacrifices Tye all ‘the endure—saci ali that makes they to reward them? Those rewards which to H the soldier are so dear, which cheer him on in the path of glorious deeds and military fame, or end in | death—all, all sacrificed to the causeless jealousies — or the idle supineness of those who have brevet rank, and ere located at headquarters. To them brevet rank is secure—to them the mortification of unacknowledged rank, on a far distant post, is of no consequence. How much rather, then, would he who is thus situated, see the entire and perfect abolishment of all such rank, than to suffer the daily mortifica- tions of disregarded rights? To them, the few idle ceremonies on board a ship of warare of no earthly importance. To them, the miserable ceremonies of Boing in or out of a boat, firat or last, is not of | the alig ; ledged i it is the denial of that rank, on afar distant h has been assigned to him by their common superior, which is sensitive officer. The Secretary of the Navy, predecessor of the present incumbent, Mr. Preeton, informed the officer, on his personal ication for such orders as would enable-him to reach the headquarters of his command by the most direct route, that they could not be granted; that he could not reconcile his conscience to the expenditure of four or five hun- dred dollars in ordering him* by the way of the isthmus, when a ship, on board of which were sadonsa a part of his command, was about to sail direct for his station. At the same time, the ofhicer was Aven to understand, distinctly, that orders would be immediately given for his accommoda- tion in the cabin of the Vincennes, agreeably to bis assigned relative rank; likewise, he was en- tilled to all the pay and emoluments attending his | Speaament ‘the following is a copy ofthe orders uded to :— Heapquarters, Martine Corrs, Wasuinoton, Oct. 3, 1849. Sin:—There being no officer of higher grade than a first heutenant in the squadron on the Pa- cific station, you will take passage in the sloop-of- war Vincennes, and proceed to that station, and report yourself to the commanding naval officer, as the commanding marine officer in the squadron. The ships of that station having in them more than the strength of two companies, you are, there- fore, on army principles, detached on this service, with your brevet rank and its panes and allow. ances. You wail be careful of the health and mili- tary efficiency of the several guards of the equad- ron, and cause regular returns to be made to the stall of the corps. The peculiar condition of things on the coast of California, requires the services of an officer of your rank and experience to preserve military sub- ordination and faithful attention to duty, and 1 trust that your own exertions and the usual fidelity of the marines will produce the most beneficial results, Tam, respectfully, yours, (Signed,) Axkcu'p. HenpERson, Brig Genl. Commanding. Byt. Maj. Jno. Geo. Reynouvs, U.S. Marine Corps, nd a Approved: (Signed,) Wm. Batiarp Paeston. Vincennes sailed from the port of New inthe month of November, 1849, for Cali- for with orders to touch at three intermediate posts; unavoidable circumstances arising, relating to the commercial interests of our country, Caused 80 aanoying to the The York his course, thereby debarring the major, against his wishes, from reaching his post until the month it cotton and Tespects the of August, 1850, embracing a period of ten moaths; whereas, had he been pertuitted to travel by the shortest route, es he was solicitous of doiag, his station could have beea reached in the short space of about thirty-five days. One year's pay, as ma- jor, had been paid this officer agreeably to the orders assigning him to duty, as above quoted. On joining the flag ship, and presenting hi orders and pointing to the law governing. the pay ot brevet officers similarly situated with himself, to the purser, who, by the by, is a strict law-abiding accounting officer, he made not the slighest objec- tion to the mght of the officer’s receiving major’s pay; however, in consequenee of the non-acknowledge- ment, by the navy liewtenants, of the brevet as- signment, the purser deemed it prudent to submit @ copy of the major’s orders to the Saki ocr USTICR. The Mog Trade of the Wost, 10 THE SOITOR OF THE HERALD. In the Srbwne of the 2ist inst. there ia @ letter from Boston, signed N. M., in reply to a | statement of mine on the hog trade of the West, and to which that paper refers as a full reply there- to; but which, ou examination, proves to be fall only as respects words and assumptions for which there is no foundation in fact. The writer, itis true, uses figures ; but in doing so he gives a very conclusive proof that evea figures may he. The staternent in his letter of the number of hogs packed at various points in Missouri and Illinois, may have been given in good faith on his part, but it is quite certain that the party in the West who tur- nished it as an exposition of the whole season's packing at those pots, made a representation cal- culated to deceive. He must have known, when he furnished it, that even then the quantity packed at St. Louts was more than 65,000, while nearly all the packers were still at work—the number be- ing now up to 30,000, and hogs stil! arriving freely. Advices just received state that the total packiag wt that point will reach 100,000, against 116,000 lest ye (not 135,000, as stated at N.M.) Of the pleces named, St. Louis is the only one | have the means of checking; but it is fair to assume that the other figures given are equally incorrect. Again, he says that ** the falling off in Tennes- ee is stil greater, not one-third of last year’s sup ply being calculated on ;” in disproof of which the telegraph report from Cincinnati, of the 24h, states that the number of hogs already packed in Ohio, indiana, Kenmcky, and Tennessee is 933,000, egaimst 1,175,000 last year, while packing cil going forward. However desirous, too, (as e ulready said in my former letter,) one might be to in the pymber of hogs packed throughout est, at his period of a season like the pre- sent, it would be found quite impossible to get wt the tush, as the unusually high prices paid will protract the season much beyond the ordi- nary time of closing, while the returns received are not to be depended on, inasmuch as it is the obvious interest of those who have gone into siock at such prices,in the belief of short supplies, to gein currency tor that opinion, even efter the cir cumstances on which it was founded have com- pletely changed. In confirmation of this remark, L would quote the instance of a circular published by the late Mr. Winchester, of Boston, at the clore of the packing season of 1845-749, (which aUorded some paraliel to the present year,) ia which, after giving returns from the various pack- ing polats of the West, showing very deficient supplies of hogs, he gave it as his opinion that the total quantity packed would fall very mach short of the previous seacon, while the result proved that a larger number had been team than in any pre- vious year, the receipts of pork at New Orleans having been 550,000 barrels, against 356,000 in the previous season. lo this case, too, the infor: tion was collected with considerable trouble and expense by Mr. Winchester, who would aot be charged, by any pereon that knew him, with putting forward & statement in the truth of which e did not fully believe. N. M. disputes the cor- rectnese of my position that the quantity of hog products wanted this year will be less thon last, and calls it a mere assumption. He has shown in his letter \nat assertions and assumptions are very easily made, when he gives the comforting ass: rance that the people in England “ will hi American lard, at remunerating prices to shippe: whatever the rates here may be; but those who make shipments at present rates, in the faith of his aseorance, may find that such predictions are much mere easy of utterance than of fulfilment. A very wide distinction, in my opiniog, is to be made between mere guesses and calculations based on ciples which have always been found to operate in the same direc- tion, the two pricc'ples on which I found my opinion on the subject now under review, being, first, thata continued high range of prices during the packing season will always bring out an ua- looked-for number of hogs; aod, second, that high prices will decrease consumption when other arti- cles can be used as eubstitutes. i would egain allude to the decreased exports under high prices, N. M. having convenirniy overlooked the facts stated in my former letter on this head, as regards the small shipments to Great Britain ring the past four months, relatively with former y The succeeding months, too, will show a still greater falling off, inasmuch as the hoge packed in the Eastern ports, which, for some years past, have been prepared for aud shipped to the English market, are this season be- ing put up in mess pork and other forms, to meet the present home demand, thus enabling the hold- ers of old pork to nurse over their stocks for the high prices which are se confidently expected to prevail a8 the season advances. Wish respect to lard (which appears to be N. pet article), the product of this season may, aud probably will be, less than Inet; but higher rates than the average of last yea quantity produced will be more than adequ the demand—the eesumptions that Great Britain will much, or more, and that there will be a greatly increased home demand, whatever the pnee of lard may be, being equally fallacious. M. grounds the latter expectation on the present biah velue of sperm oil; but it is well known that the demand tor lard oil is much more aflectet by the price of whale ei than of sperm; and whale cil, 60 fer from bearing ig value, as com- red with last year, is likely to be much ower. The import to be 275,000 of the mark. The parallel case Amer Buy ‘s in Great Britain, and still to clothe the hun- dreds of milliont of the urna i y who wre ; ndent on operations o looms, while The whole supply of lard from this couatry might is required | ? | be withheld without abridging the comforts or af- fecting the circumstances, to any extent, of a sin- gle family in England orelsewhere. To any one ac- uainted with ‘he trade in England, and the purposes for which lard is used, the fact is well known that the extent to which itis consumed is wholly de- ndent on its lowness of price, relatively with tal- low and palm oil, for manufacturing pur, 8, and Irish end home rendered lard for culinary uses. In proof of this, I give the relative prices of tallow and Jardia. Liverpool, and the import of lard to Great Britain for three years past, by which it will be seen, rot only that lard usually keeps below the price of tallow, but that the consumption is in pro- portion to the diflerence in Pesci Toe Bae. Average price of tallow. ..... : Average i of lard.. = Rds. 6d. 83s. ‘Tons. Tons. | Tons. Export of lard from the United States to Great Bricain..... 11 6235 11,683 Now, the considerations which led me to assert that the wants of England would be comparatively small thie year, under a high ravge of prices, are the facts that hogs are more plentiful both in ng land and Ireland than they have been since 1545, and hence there is a proportionate supply of lard; and that the home supply of tallow is larger, and the price cheaper than has ever been known be- fore, owing to the prosperous condition of the country, and the consequently increased ability of the laborin; ulation to purchase fresh meat. The pete for foreign tallow is lessened in con- SeCUEROM, though Russian is offered at 378. 64. for delivery in London during the next four months. In opposition to N. M.’s aseertion that lard must be taken largely in Engtend, and that prices are likely to reach 483 a 50s., [ will venture to predict, that should the average, price of the year be over 368 , the consumption will not be half what it was in 1850. That such will be the case, the move- ments of the trade for the last four months furnish some evidence, the total export to Great Britain, from first September to thirty-first Decembe: having been 1,231,000 Jos , against 8,388,000 1 for the same period in 1849, wad 4,783,000 in 1848. Should the exports continue on the same rednced scale throughout the year, the total deticiency from that of last year will be over eighteen millions of pounds, while the highest estimate given, even trom the West, of the probable deficieacy of lard this season, 18 twelve millions of pounds. That the es of lard in this country must be kept at such a evel as to secure a large export, is shown by the fact that the quantity sent last year to Great Bri- tain alone, was 26,000,000 lbs., or 41 per cent of the whole quantity received at New Orleans, which amounted to 63,000,000 tbs Looking, then, at ali the circumstances and pros- ects of the trade, in view of the maintenance of igh prices, with larger stocks on hand than usual, a greatly reduced export, and a diminished home consumption, I have no hesitation in repe; ing my conviction that the quantity of pork packed will exceed that of any former year, relatively with the demand. I sav this, too, on the supposi- tion that the vumber of hogs killed in the West will be ander that of last year, which, however, now seems very doubtful, as every port brings re- turns falsifying previous estimates, in consequence of packing operations being still continued briskly at various points. Whether there be a defieieacy or cot, however, it is quite certain that the whole sevson’s packing will be very much in excess of any escimate yet published. In conclusion, { have only further to say, ia reply to **N M.’a” insinustion that “ A Looker On” was probably cne who bad made contracts tor ferward delivery of pork, that { am not in the trade--bave made no contracts, either for preseat or future delivery—and my views are wholly un- biesed by any interest either in favor of high or low prices; while, onthe contrary, it is generally understood that *N. M.,” himself, is a large operator in pork, and represeats others who are the greatest speculators in the West. Whatever bias either party may have, however, [ would suggest that the arguments advanced miy be taken for what they are worth, without reference to the source from which they come. Witn re~ terwnce to the challenge given by ““N.M,” Lam unable to accept it myself, for the reason already ven; but ! speak from authority when [ say that e will have no difficulty in buying, on the New York Exchange, a few thousand barreis of mess pork, for delivery wishin six months, at seller's option, at twelve and a helf dollars, or one dollar per barrel under present rates. “ \. M.’ will thus have the opportunity he is enxious to find, to prove the sincerity of his opinions by his actions, Looxer Ow» New Yonx, Jan. 27, 1851. ‘The British in Central Amertoa. TO THE EDITOR OF TUE NERALO In the present condition ot parties, there is alarge clars which looks to your columns for sound informas- tion upon all questions of national policy. Tas co: duct of the Uritich in Central America is now a theme of discussion in all circles, but we look in vaia tothe party prera tera true interpretation of the national sentiment. We must look, therefore, to the /ierald What. then, is the actual state of affairs at San Juan’ Are the British still there’ and if so, what right have they to be there’ If they have uo right. why does not our goverpment set? Your correspondent Webvier is now thinking of sending a Charge to Cor tral Americn ? Why war the former Charge wit! Grawn; or why was he not Immedialcly replaced Sending a Charge now would only tend indefinitely to postpone the question, and enable the British to confirm thelr usurpath must ¢ eot- tied this session, or trou! ‘The state of the case must be perfectly well known to Mr. Wi ster—-it wae re to his predecessor, Let him speak up to the British Minister, and tell him that the Btates of Sentral America murt be let rious, to stand or fall by thr mécives; that Americans Rp Aaa — there, and that the British &) no! ome . N AMERICAN 4 New Yors, Feb. 8, 185 —— Superior Court. The Hon. Judge Duer, presiding The Corpora Beriah Baptist Church of the City of New York, was an notion brought in arsumprit for $2000 peared, by the etutemens of Messrs, Cochran and Mo- Adam, that Ferguson, the pletotiffl. married Grace Kt Robinson; before the marriage, the defendants exe cuted a bond to her for $2.00 loaned by her to them, which was to be paid om six months notice; atter mar- riage with Mrs. Kobi: , the plaintiff gave the re quired notic Bubsequentiy, the plaintiffs wife, Ubrough @ person named Norris gave $2,000 to the de- fendants, with which sam they were enabled to pay the firet bond; they did so, and then the pinintiif's wife, through tie saig Norris, and without the pial a ey or conséht, advanced $2000 to the di for which they gave ie bond to Nor: led. The second bond, jaintif! or bia wife ever ntiil. therefore, contend ptitled to sue as for money had and ree! bis wife. Counsel for defendaot moved tor on the ground thet thi surtsin the action of bave been an acti on the case, a8 uit GENERA. TRRM. Before Hon. Judges Oakiey. Sandford a1 ¥ 4 White os. Samuel B, Whi ® others— This an ection of r roug! cover the possession of certain goods and dite levied upon by the defendants, under tion isened upon a judgment recovered by th nat Henry F Mabbett and Jothams, Foustain, composing the firm of Mabbett & Fouotain, aod which goods ana merchandise were claimed by the plauntiff, as yendes inh Mabbett, to whem a bill of sale had beew exeouted by the mid Henry F. Mabbett. ‘T! was tried before Mr. J d and abbott, ower of attorney executed by anoah Mabbett to Henry ¥. Mablett. dated July, {18 The counsel for the defendants objected to the reading of the suid documents in evidence against them, whietr objection waa overruled by the Court. Counsel for the defendants excepted, and the case comes om for argument before thie Court ANOTHER INSTANCE OF Stave —A Jackson (Miss ) correspondent of the New Orleans Delta, of the 25th uit says:—Among the many incidents that a piace like this affords, is one that occurred last Sunday evening--an tact dent of the most painful and heart reading eharac- ter. In the southwest corner of our be tol grounds 1s an immense cistern, ea am told, of containing six huodred barrels of water, and which is neatly full. Through the crimiaat negligenes of the proper authorities, this dangerous reservoir has no curb or covering. Mes. Jaok whose husband was in California, intending to go to him--as a matter of couree, it bein; free State—refured to take her nurse with her. The nurse, a smart and intelligent negress, devotedly attached to her mistreas end misirese’s child, de- termined, rather than be left behind, to destroy both herself and the child. Crazed at the thought of being separated from those she fondly loved, she stole the unconscions child from its bed, and at a late hour consigned both it and herself to a watery grave. A Mr. Adams, a stronger, who happened to be lay. wear the enclosure, heard some one exelaim, “ Here goes ime and my child,” an @ woman disappear, followed by a dall reverberat- ing splash of water, An hour intervened before the nurse was found, and some two or three before the body of the child Was recovered. of pares, both were beyond the reach of huruan hill. The exporte of lee from the port of Boston, for the month at nary SL, 1851, wae 4.20035 tons; same time 1850. 9, 7 ot me time 1949, 2,145; onme time 1846, THE Fipeery oF Tar