The New York Herald Newspaper, January 9, 1851, Page 6

ONE DAY LATER FROM EUROPE, ABRIVAL OF THE WASHINGTON. Interesting Proceedings Relative to the United States and the World’s Fair. THE GERMAN QUESTION, &c., &c., &c. The United States mail steamship Washington, Capt. G. W. Floyd, arrived off this port yesterday moming. The Washington sailed from Bremen on the 15:h ult, but almost immediately after leaving the We- wer encountered a tremendous gele, which caused her run to Southamp'on to be protracted to three days and three nights. To allow sufficient time for coalipg, taking on board cargo, &c., it waa ne- ceesary to detain the vessel at Southampton one day beyond her appoivted time. She therefore did — not fimally depart till the 21st Dec., at noon. H This steamer brings a very large cargo, and, as ‘usual, it consists of Geiman and French merchan- dise, with a emall quantity of British goods. From Bremen there is about '60 tons measurement, and | from Fragce upwards of 700 packages, received at Southampton from Havre, by three special steam- ers, for transhipment. Our private letters from Havre mention that a | meck and neck competition has now commenced | between the Cunard Company and the New York and Bremen and New York and Havre steamers. ‘To beat off these two lines of packets, and to mo- | mopolize, if possible, the whole of the traffic from | Havre, the Cunard Company assumed a position of | decided hostility, by lowering their rate of freight from $40 to $10 per ton Sf forty cubic feet. Asitcosts | nearly $10 to convey the goods by steam from Havre to Liverpool, this reduction has the practical effectof providing free freight for the gooda from Liverpool | tothe United States, besides committing an evi- | dent and palpable injustice to the shippers of Bri- tish goods, who bave to pay $35 from Livernool to this port, or $25 per ton more than charged on goods from Havre via Liverpool. Notwithstanding this strange method of procedure on the part of the Cunard Company, we ere glad to find that the ‘Waebington has a very ful! quantity of freight, all at $30, and the Havre agent was obliged to refuse freight. The Franklin was also engaged nearly faly | ata similar rate of freight. Against this we leara that the Niagara brought here about 300 tons of | Freach goeds, taken from Havre, at $10; thus the only effect at present resulting from the move of the Cunard Compzny, is thet they are carrying freight at a loss, while the American steamers are Yuoning full at remunerative rates. We are in- formed thet no reduction wil! be made bythe Havre and Bremen steamers as they iintgine the Cusard Company will speedily become disgusted with the unsatisfactory process of carrying freight at a loss, and will be the ‘irst to propose some fair arrange- ment that, while providing sufficient aceommoda- tion to the public, will be efiected at fair and remu- erative rates to ail the parties engaged. The Washington brings one diy’s later London pepers, and coneejiently twenty-four hour's later intelligence than brought by the Niagara. This is im copeequence of the carly hour at which the Nia- gara left the Mersey. We have received the Lon- don Trmes, of December 2lst, by this steamer, and | meke some extracts therefrom as sahjoined | | The information given in the New York Herald ot 6th December, end copied into the Lonton Times, that it was in contemplation to send the | American line-of-battle shiy Pennsylvania, to rope, a6 the bearer of the Americau contribu- | tions to the Great London Exhibition of 1851, had | excited considerable attention, and was viewed | with much satisfaction, as highly complimentary | to the English people The vicit of sucha ship, | (says our private advices.) would be attended | with great éclat, and would in itself be an event of | some importance in history of the exhibition. The town of Southampton was looking forward to being chosen as the port of destination of the Pennsylvania, in the event of her being sent across the Atlantic; and the Mayor and corporation, backed up by the principal inhabitants, were pre- paring memorials to the President of the United | States, to the efleet that every facility would be | afforded to the monster ship, aad expressing a hope that Southampton would be fixed upon, as being the most suitable port, on accouat of its contiguity to the metropolis, and its great natural facilities in the way of docks and railways. The Southamp- ton Dock Compeny had agreed to waive all charges, both on the ship and her cargo, and the railway company had taken into consideration the propriety of conveying all articles intended for the exhibition, free of expense, to London. | The festivities et Southampton, consequent upon | the visit of the United States frigate St. Lawreace, | under the command of Captain Hiram Paulding, | and the hospitsble and extraordiaury reception | afforded to that ship by the Mayor and inhabitants | of Southampton, two years ago, are well known; | they are only an earnest of the triumphant demon- | stration that would be prepared for the Peansylva- pia, and the event would assume a national charac- ter, ag serving to cement the ties of good feeling that should exist becween two great nations that control the desti of the world. A magnificent ship, such as he Pennsylvanian, would exhibit to ell Europe whet can 0¢ produced on this side of the we aepecimen of American naval architec- ture, and the fact o: her first actual employment being @ mission pre-emincatly of peace and pro- | gree, would show out in bold relief the cordial interchange of sympathies between the two powers, which will be displeved in 1951, if suitable steps be | taken by the executive at Washington, to repre- sent in ro fitting and appropriate a manner, the energy and power of the transatlantic repub! As Southampton is superior to any port in Great Britaia for the purpose, (Liverpool being owt of the question, from its difficulties of navigation and distance from London.) let us hope that the Penn- sylvania will be sent thither. When snugly moor- ed in the beautiful and romantic waters of South- ampton, to which the Isie ot Wight is a natural breakwater, che would be visited by tens of thou- | sands of persone, who would be drawn from all parts of the United Kingdom by the novelty of the eight | The Hampshire Independent, (Southampton pr per,) of 2ist December, contains the following address of the corporation of Southampton to the President of the United States, which has beea went by the present steamer: — fo Hie Kxcesiescy toe Pe Braves oF Aue ‘ The humble Address of the Mayor Aldermen. and Burgesses of (he town andceunty aod port of douth ampton, in Common counell assembled, this 26th day of December 1850 Mey it please your Rxceileney—We, the Common Covnctl of the said town and compty, apeciaily con Yened for the purpose. beg lew dent the Gove Of Amerion Orleem ant countrymen a secure the incr e tHe Users to offer to the Preset the United States one of respect and in common with our i4 the contin bet friendly cot ly between the t loepeat admiration the » United States bar 1861 arb Albert and adopted wich enthu arm by the peop this country. as eminently calc enefit the | Great fomily of men. irteapective of nation. creed, oF sountry, and esreniivily to promote ihe ciaimect ja. | @urtry and commerce, and extend the bieesines of Universal amity, peace. and concord. With ths mowt | Gratetol eetimate o the advantace of the sanction of ourereat couutry in thie be ¢ highert gratis your Krowlieney eduction sn: the Unt enerded 1) an exbibition cesigned by « the most gras to thie counte: * nea moet eplendid addition jon of & great and energetic | which will be ap to the cordial reapectfolly aed earnertly Invite the h Betre made the port of arrival of that distin Verm| Our waters bare been graced by the femes aod our docks end wharveg hare acoommola ‘* cf» peopie so kindred to onrsel: a ‘ect which will be made aa glorious by the approval of the nations of the world as it was exalted and dis- tinguisted in its origin, and universal in its adaptation to the commerce of all countries and the bapp! D cbamber of our borough and town and county, this ‘20th day ot December, 1850." | matic corps now in Paris; the four Vice-Presidents | tors to M. De with the prestical sup- ition, and glory im the visit v “8. may to add that Southampton is the nearest port to London that offers suitable dock | end reilwey sccommodation and there is no bearer tramsit to the exhibition. unless the navi to the ‘Themes is adopted which, although accom, ed by rs of t onwards, nermous sacrifice of lives and property, detailed in ublicatio: venture toattach. Under all the ciroumstances, we are indueed to ho; that Soutbampton may be selected as the port io question, and adopted for the resort of the nsy' vanie or any other govern: vessel selected the ing the Great Exhibition of 1851; but eae, your Exoellenoy will deign to re- ceive the assurances of our profound respect, aad this earnest tribute of our admiration and regard towards ‘nation and people eo disinterestedly adopting » pro. of an. Given under our common seal, at the council Mr. Braemvo then moved that a upom the American minister to request that it be 1g out the wishes of the counei of Southampton by taking the goods for the exhibitioa, brought in the Pennsylvania, free of charge. The French Republic, The following inte ligence from Paris is extracted from the London correspondence of the Times:— M. Dupin, President of the National Assembly, gave a grand dinner, yesterday, (Dec. 19), at his official residence to the President of the Republic. This banquet was intended to commemorate the anniversary of the election of Louis Napoleon, though the date of that anniversary had already assed, having been celebrated at the Hotel de Ville. ‘he banquet was givenin the grand gallery of the hotel, where the tables were laid for 50 persons. Among the guests were the Vice-President of the Kepublic, President of the Council of State, the Papal Nuncio, and the whole of the diplo- and the three ep of the Assembly, General Changarnier, M. Thiers, Generals Oudinot, Bara- gnay d’Hilliere, de St. Priest, Carulet; the Goveraor of the Bank, the Prefect of the Seine, the President of the Municipal Council, the Duke de Noailles, the Duke of Mortemart, the Duke de Broglie, the Dake Albert de Daze the Duke of Montebello, Count Mole, Coun ‘alembert, MM. Odillon ‘Barrot, Berryer, Charles Dupin, Vatismeuil, Admiral Ce- cile, MM. Victor Lefrane, Gustave de Beaumont, de Remusat, de Maleville, Passy, Lanjuinais, &c. A military band stationed ia an adjoining saloon, | rers, and other leadi OF pte cn 9 ty The Hoa. Abbou Lawrence, minisier pleni; tentiary from the United States to this a rived in » from Liverpool, on Moadas inn stecatens’ dere Wy a xan > M. P. for South Lancashire, where a mo of ladles and gentlemen gathered to meet him. Y eaterday, at neca, the invitation of the Mayor convened a nu- merous assemblage of the merchants, manufactu- personages ia Maachester, at the Town Hall, ia the Mayor’s parlor; which, on this occasion ‘gains, amongst others, A. .; John Henry, Esq., M. Bright, Esq, M. P; James Heywood, Esq , M. i 4 Westhead, E 4 M.P.;1 Bishop of Manchesser; Samuel Peteke, Joba Potter, Mayor of Manchester; Thomas Ag: new, or of ford; W. R. Caltender; Jona Sharpe; Olver weod, banker; John Mayson; Alderman Watkins; J. Kay; J. Heron, town clerk; J, Bazley, president of the Chamber of Commerce; J. A. Turner, president of the’ Commercial Associa- tion; Malcolm Ross, vice president of ditto; Alder- man Shuttleworth; Henry Ashworth; Professor Calvert; Hugh Fleming, secretary of the Commer- cial Aesociation; J. hman, secretary to the Chamber of Commerce; Jacob Bright; Salis Schwabe; Sir Elkanah Armitage; P, M. James; Honigz; Matthew Kennedy; J. C. Harter; Philip Lueas; Edward Consterdine; Robert Gar- diner; Leo; Reiss; Joseph Simpson; A. Ireland; T. Sowler, &c. Lawrence was, of coarse, one of the assembly; which was convened, ind-ed, solely to allow the merchants and others of Man- chester an opportunity of spending an hour in his ‘The Mayor had great pleasure in introducing to the meeting His Excellency Mr. Lawrence, min- ister from the United States of America. (Loud cheers.) He felt sure that they all participated with himself in the feelings of satisfaction with which he hailed the visit of his excrllency, and that they would agree with him that they woutd not have done justice to their owa feelings, nor to importance of this great centre of the miau ring industry of England, if they had not availed themselves of this opportunity of off-riag to his excellency a cordial welcome to their town. (Applause ) ‘hey rejoiced that an opportunity was thus afforded them of testifying to his excel: lency the high reapect which they had tor him as an individual, and the high estimation in which they held the very importaat position which it was this honorable gentleman’s lot to fill. i(Hear, hear.) They had on a previous occasion, had the satisfaction of welcoming Mr. Everett to Manches- ter, and they had also had the pleasure of seeing for a very short time, Mr. Bancroft, his excellen- cy’a predecessor. They rejoiced that Mr. Law- rence’s visit to Mr. Henry had again afforded them the opportunity of expreesing their anxious desire that the relations, the peaceful and frieadiy rela- tions with the great country which he represented, and Epgland, should be maintained and promoted. the folding doors of which were thrown open, per- formed select passages from the favorite operas. On the whole, whether as regards the guests, the magoificence of the apartment, or the etiquette ob- served, the whale display was in a princely style. ‘When the dessert was placed on the table, M Da- pin rose and proposed the health of their illustrious guest in the following terms :— I propose, gentlemen, the heaith of the President of the Republic—the chosen of the 10th of December— whore high and noble mission, conjointly with that of the elect of the 13th May, (the representatives of the people.) consists in defending and ensuring the tri- umph over impiety and anarchy. of the great princi- ples of law and morality on which the essential order of all human society. security of private affairs, and the loyalty of ail pacific relations between civilized nations are eternally based. To the President of the republic. Much applause followed the toast, which was done honor to by all the guests standing. Louis | Napoleon rose, and, in the midst of profound si- lenee, rephed thus :— M Le President—I return you my most sincere thanks tor having a second time afforded me the plea- ture of celebrating the anniversary of my election in the midst of the representatives of France, and the members of the diplomatic corps. It is a second sole: occasion for congratulating ourselves on the rep which the country enjoys; yet is this repose no: tirely without its danger. Dangers produce union; se- curity division. Can bere then be obtained noadvan- — tage, no good. without the ed of dissolution beiag al- ways present’ Yet there is nothing more glorious, more worthy of the public powers of the Btate, than to givean example of the contrary. May th which was foi med in the ter during the esim! I drink, of the public powers of the tate! to the National As- sembly! to its honorable President ! ‘This toast was also much applauded, and was followed by appropriate music. In the course of the evening the saloons of the hotel were thrown open, and, it being the usual night of reception, they were soon filled by the élite of Pansian seciety. particularly on account of the eee of the President ot the republic. Arab Chiefs, of Guelma, dressed in thei esque costume, were presented in, and afterwards to the President ofthe republic, who invited them to the receptions of the Elysée. The German Troubles. The subjoised letrr from Berlin exhibits the latest position of political affairs in Germany :— In epite of the violence of the one representative of the opposiuon, the country is accepting the re- turn to peace with a quiet satisfaction, which re- duces the war et al! hezards partly to insignificance. While the people believed there was a positive danger—aod they regerded the summons to the held es the proot that sore great danger did really »xist—the war party had a ‘‘capital” to work on. | Now that the nation is evideatly retarning satisfied | to its ordinary condition of mind, to coatinue the war od is not only an error, itis ridiculous. The d.urnal rage into which the paper ofM Von Viacke and his section lashes itself, forms tae oddest con- trast that can be imagined with the perfect and almost philosophical indifference of the citizens to the shame end infamy which it is said the late negotiations have stamped on the Prussian name. The actual fighters, the men of the ranks, are de- poeiting their arms in the stores, heartily giad of the certainty of a peaceful christmas ; bat one un- happy section of society refuses to believe its eyes, end still insists that there must and shall be war, Ic js regretied that the goveroment gives an impor- tance to such party manifestations by continually shes manga them, for at this moment they fall quite armless. Were the feelings of the nation now with the Gotha party, addresses would be pouring in by thousands to the leaders of it, and they would be duly chronicled; not one has been re- corded, end M. von Vineke and his friends left the chamber ina fever heat of excitement to expe- rience out of doors the chill of public indifference. On the other hand addresses of gratitad: von Manteutie!, the object of his bitte attack, are presented daily. Too much value need not be ascribed to such documenta, but the total ab- sence of such signs of eupport should be some in- | dication to a polincal Jeader. The joint eommons issued by the Austrian and Prussian cabinets to all the German governmeata to eend representatives to the Dread«n conferences, hos been published !o-dey The Proseian commiseary who will proceed to Holstein, in conjunction with a colleague named by Auvetria, to require the Stathalterschaft to sus ead hostilities, is General von Thumen. As his ap- ointment brings the active intervention of the russian government for enfercing the terms of the tr of peace it has signed one step nearer, the Comstitutionme! hae pabi d this eveniag an appeal to the people of Berlin, printed in the largest | type, exhortug them to subscribe generously to the funds necessary to carry on the war. The ournel has beew agnia seized by erder of the po- ice. The Swabian Mercur states that, during the sit- ting of the Dresden conferences, the Frankfort As- sembly of the Bund will neither adjoura nor sue pend its sittings. nor take any holidays, the se- condary 3 . Bavaria an urtemberg, having determined to act together, and by means of the above-nemed body, avert, or try to avert, from themselves, the imagine thr 8 them from the co: But if Austria, which holds the Presidency of the Assembly, takes no part in the sittings while the Dresden confereaces last, 20 resolution of the Frankfort Diet ean have any legal force. The statement must be doubted ; | both Bavaria and Warter berg will send their re- preeentatives to Dresden, like the other States, and will have every opportunity of objecting to any of the proposals made there, and no continued sit ings of the Diet at Frankfort will prevent them | from being carried into effect, if adopted. A sus- pension of the proceedings of the Frankfort organ is also generally understood to be one of the im- plied conditions of the late agreement between Praceia and Austria; in accordance with this un- derstanding, troops remaining in Hegse are no longer calied tronps of the Bund lie orted that, afier the termination of the Dresden conferences, the King of Praesia and the t nperor of Austria will have an iaterview at eslan The wer department of Prussia hae received ‘om the same department of the government of Beden, a letter acknowledging the general good conduct and discipline of the Prussian troops, during their prolonged stay in the Grand Dachy,*and ex- pressing ite thanks for the treatment the Badea troope received in Prussia during the same period. avzini.—Tt hae already been stated that Mazzi- ely visited Paris saye that he came diagnised as a saglor, was ed in use of @ military notability, and conferences with several others. His preseace wae required relative to the loan employed to pro- mnote the svecess of the democratic cause in Prus- sit. His loan, it seems, ie going on favorably; reventy or ciehty French representatives, says the Indepencasre, have each contributed « The Treeeury of universal demoerney,” adda that jour- ‘ ‘* postetres at present several hundred thon- are franee, but they are not deposited at the Baak ols ener, thovgh close to it,"’ Two | The Independance, of Bras | | (Cheers ) He (the mayor) felt assured that every | occasion of this kind must result in good to both | countries. They were satisfivd that no represen- tative of the free people of America could come to | thie great and prosperous towa, without being gra- | tified at witnessing the splendid results which have | attended the industry of our population. He (che | mayor) believed that there were many Institutions _ in this towa which must necessarily have an in- | terest for 4 minister of the United States of | America. They feit assured that any visit here must have a tendency to iaduce reciprocal good feelings towards sm of acommon origia, speak- | ing a common language, interested in a like civili- | zation, and equally striving for the improvement and pi sof ine world. They rejoiced thatia this town they haf some of those free inatitutioas | which promise progress and improvement. He was sure it was totally unnecessary for him to dwell upon eny of the importent relations that subsist | between the United States of America and our | manufacturing districts. Suiffice it to say that aa | they were dependent upon America for the main supply of the le of their industry, 30 America | was alike dependent upon them as being her best | customer for her main products. They trasted that | the ties of amity and friendship might be drawn closer, and that they might ever rival each other in stimulating the progress and advaac:ment of | their fllow-creatures, {brourpout the iworld, The resolution was passed with acclamation. | Asporr Lawrence, Esq , Minister Plenipoten- tiary of the United States, rose to reply amid loud | cheering. He said: Mr. Mayor and geati i | came here for the purpose of paying my re | and a short visit to my honorable friend, the mem- | ber for South Lancashire. This meeting is as ua- | expectedsas it is agreeable tome. (H hi I assure you, gentlemen, that [ had not the estidea of receiving any attention whatever, ei:her | asa private citizen or as a representative of the United Statee, from the pablic aathoritirs of Maa- chester, Bat I did not feel myselfauthorized, whew | the invitation came to me from my friead, Mr. Henry, to decline attendiog thie meeung, howeve sudden and unexpected it might be; becwuse, ar the representative of the United States, [ feel it4o be my duty, not oaly here, bat everywaere, to at tend every meeting that will tend, in any ba as to bind the two nations closer toge: Ar | plause.) 1 therefore, sir, in behalf of of the United States, particularly that portion o them who are resident here, and in my owa aime present to you, Mr. Mayor, and this numerous aad respectable company, the acknowledgments and | the thanks of us all. I hardly kaow how to ex- prese, in proper language, the sentiments I enter- | tain in regard to this nation, and particularly to this town. | am here as the representative, as you have well stated, of a great aation, with great nataral resources in a course of developemeat,—mighty lakes end rivers, every soil, and almost every clime; with institutions founded upon your owa; a people ef a common origin, the same religion, and the same language; and the laws of the Uaion are the common laws of Kogland, adapted, of course, | by statute, to our condition. I say, geatiemea, it is a wide field; and in the midst of a mighty em- pire I represent a couatry larger, perhaps, in extent, altogether, than any other country ia tne world— peculiar in its formation, and as peculiar in tts in- stitutions; and I deem it a part of my mission, | and a most important part at this momeat, to Batis- fy every British subject, in Great Britain and else where, that there are none but the kindest feelings entertained by the people of the United States to- wards the people of this country. (Applause ) As an American citizen, [ feel that we owe to Great Britain a great debt in the arts, in the apo! of sciences to art, in morale, in reliziou, tion. Our ancestors—my ancestors—the edue founders of the republic—the Pilgrim Fathers—(Hear, hear) —were all educated men; and they crossed the Atlantic ocean, and when they landed from the May tlower, they were as competent at that mio- meut for elf government a5 the people who exist ip the Waited’ Bates now. (Hear, hear, hear.) Therefore, I say, to Great Britaia we owe a great debt, and that debt was incurred by the first set- tlers of New Koglaad. The world, ia my jndz- ment, owes to the Pilgrim Fathers a debt. (tiear, hear) It im not confined to the United States; aad I may say I hope thet you, if not now, at some die- tant day, may receive back egain, in some form, a portion of that debt ia the improvements which we make upon your own institutions. (Appt ause ) Mr. ayor, I em perfectly aware that | am in the largest mart, the largest hive of industry that exists on the face of the globe—that I am amongst the most enterprising, the ingenious, aaf the most acute people, perhape, that exist in the world I do suppose that there is no towa existing any- | where where the mea of busiaces, whatever de. partment of See they may pursue, understand their bueineas co well as in Manchester. Thiais | the greatest centre of the industrial manufacturing purevits Dy your enterprtse, your industry, aad your fidelity to yourselves and your country, you ave brought every civilized coustry in the world in your debt; aod Manches'er, so far 18 that goes, has performed her fall share in that great blessing, I think I may call it; for certainly it 1s far better to have persons owe us, then for us to owe every- body; and, therefore, [ say it ia much better for this nation, under the cireumstances, that you are receiving from the varioug countries of Europ* aa annual interest, which has been created, not by carrying (he money from the country, but by taking the products of your indusry. Leavy you net that; you have earned it, and it is due to you. The volicy of Great Britain having been touched upon, f will say here, Mr. Mayor, that it is not my province, it is not my duty—nay, it not my pleasure—to enter into any gees up om which there is the slightest difference of opinion in regard to the policy of Great Britein to me, i# not the time nor the place. My own opinions have been alluded to, and yoy ob this occasion, | can only eay thet you know best; you, the people of Great Britain, know best what policy you should | pureve to promote the prosperity of our country. It isfor you to edopt such measures as will tead to promote the happiness of your » ople, and I have ao right to find fauit with that. If you ask me to be a free-trader in England, | have not the slightest objection to be a free-trader here. (Laugnter.) | If you ask me to be a protectionist here, and if a majority of vou think it is the policy for the country, | am sure I will go with you. In regard to my opinions at hom | 1 entertain those opinions, and I have en- deavored, for twenty-five years, both in public aad 1 private, to be moderate,—not to be ultra in any- thing; and | advise all my friends to that, whether | it be upon questions cf national economy, ia re- ligion, in education, in toleration—be moderate (Hear.) Lam so far a free-trader, that | go for the meat extended commerce everywhere; and | will go for my country to that point—to the wtmoet point of freedom, consistent with the honor, the hap- piners, end the prosperity of my country, and not ene j d, (laughter,) not for thia pation, or for eit though my admiration for this ty great—for greater than that for any conntry; for it ia my fatherland; but my own try | wish to be first in policy, ia everything, and I hope you will be satised uf 1 say, Great Br in pext. CL heers) I will athe farthees tu promoting what {dsm fo te the great interest % i) ind; and I feel that it is important to all the ia of maul the nations of the earth that Great Britain sbould hold that place the family of nations which she holds now. I would rather hav her influence as she is in Europe, than to have to place it in the hahds of an influence that does not understand human liberty as you understand it here. (Applause) Hencel say that [ deem it would be a misfortune, not only to my couatry, but to the world, that you should lose one iota of the power that you exercise in the family of all nations; and that the great sun of civilization will have eet fora time whenever you shall come uuder the bonds of the de: i¢ powers of Europe. fav plause ) Sir, we have learned a great deal from you, and we may learn a great deal more. We should te each other. (Tlear, hear.) There are a ato ke oe ‘0 this. Tam here midst of a population of four hundred thousand Pea ihe wealthiest city that exists perh: in the world; and amidst all your property, amidst all your wealth, amidst the increase of population here, I hope you will not deem it impertinent if I say toyou, remem- ber, gentlemen, remember to ascertain, almost from to day, whether your exertions in the cause of education (hear, hear,) and the inculca- tion of sound morals and religion keep pace with this prosperity. (Applause.) I did not rise, gen- tlemen, to lecture you u;un your duties; but! know the human hear: so weil, that in reaching on from time to time, from day to day, and from hour to houi, for something which perhaps does not always do us good,—I mean, great masses of money,—we forget (you are not aloae)—we all forget the higher duties that we have to perform; and one great point on which [ hope you may obtain some- thing from us is that of the universal education of the people of Great Britain. (Loud applause.) - hope I am not trespassing. (**No, no,” “go on.”) 1 do not know whether it is proper for me or not; but I shall take the liberty to say here, that in con- nection with Great Britain’s influence and power in the scale of nations, [hold it to be one of the essential conditions upon which, half a century hence, you are to maintain that position among the natione, that you should edusate your peo- ple. (Hear, hear, hear.) You should now set ubout it; this day ;—it is every man’s business ; it is not the business of the eminent prelate who is before me, any more thaa it is yours, Mr. Mayor, and any more than itis every man’s that h me 5 it isthe duty of every Christian man to educate the | whole people ; and if the whole people are edu- cated in England, oe may bid defiance to all the tyrants in the world. (Loud applause.) Mr. Mayor, T respond to every kind feeling and sentiment that has been expressed here to-day towards the United States. I know how the people of the United States feel towards this country; and I stated ona former occasion, a day or two ago, in a neighbor- ing vai that in my judgment, the feeling that exists between the two countries never was in my _ time 80 fraternal, so nearly alike, as it is now. (Applause ) Iam perfectly aware that the strong- est bonds of amity frequently and generally exist through the instrumentality of commerce, that glorious pioneer in civilisation and Christianity. [ am aware of that; but we need that the American people and the British people should have some- thing between us stronger than the ties of com- merce. We have the tie of blood, we have legis- lature, and laws and religion, as I have ted be- fore, the same; and why should we have—what | reason is there that there should be—any misun- derstanding between these two great nations ? We are the two greatest commercial nations in the world. You wilt find the Cross of St. Georze and the Stars aad S:ripes on every ocean. You will find them in every nook and corner of the world; and I should feel myself too happy if anything i can do in England would bind those two fligs together—(heer, hear)—that they might wave tied tegether in harmony, as a testimony of the unity of the Anglo Saxon race. pplause.) I know the inumate relations that ist oommercially between Manchester and the United States. [ know you are the largest, by far the large: the best customer we have for our great staple. We are fully aware of that, and we appreciate it highly, and when you come to exchangea—I say | this in answer to the gentleman near me who was speaking of our ail becoming farmers— (laughter) ; [ will inform that gentleman that we | like the farm exceedingly; we are very fond of ships, as you know; but we like spindles, too. (Lawghter ) We don’t see anything at all incon- sistent in the relations that exist between ag- nculture, commerce, and manufactures; we be- lieve they go together; and we have made some advances, in the arts, moderately;—we are makiog more; and I believe that the whole farming popu lation of the United States, which constitutes a | great proportion of the people, are clothed at this moment,—the laboriog man is clothed from the crown of his head to the sole of his foot in Ameri- fab Yet we are the best customers of ond [see no reason Why we should not continue the best customers of Eaglani. We have no desire to break off aay portion of oar com- merce with you,—not the slightest; we are increas | ing at the rate of nearly a million a year; aad [ can tell you this, that we shall always purchase from you #3 much as we can pay for= (laughter); | «nd | Know you do not want to sell any more than you are paid for. (Laughter.) Mr. Mayor, you are all business men; and 60 am | when Iam at home; ¢ but here | have nothing to do putto speak, and | | am very much afraid of taking up your time. | want to say one word upoa another point, and that is,—the great industrial exhibition of 1551 [ hap pen to be one of those who were consulted early in Lond as the mi rof the United States, upon that subject; and it struck me very remirka- biy, and [ beueve at the very first, more as a moral question than any other; and | embraced it with | | considerable zeal, and attended the first public | meeting upoa that subject. Ihave been engaged in ———e the success of the exhibi'iom trom | thattime to this; and j beg leave to say, that upon mature reflection, having seen a great many of | my countrymen, and a = many persoas from the continent, | do believe that, epeakiag of peace and frateraal feeling betweea nations, and | especially between the Unired States and Great Britain, this exhibition is to do more for the denefi- cent cause of harmony of feeling and good will | between the nations, than anything that has been | adopted in modern times. (rent fears were ex- | pressed in some quarters in Great Britain, that it was to be an injury to England,—that you would be beaten out of sight;—this waa an after-thought, for when it began there were no such fears; but the newspapers were crowded with articles upon that subject. Well now, | look atit im this poiat of view:—how are you to be beatea? by whom are youto be beaten! In desiga, in works of taste, | | think you will be beaten, and I think you ought to be, because | think you are behind your neighbors. (Hear, hear) Yea; but when you come to the great articles of necessity, that the world must | have,—that you must sead to every one of your | colonies,—that you must have here among your- selves,—take the macufacture of wool generally, the mixed articles of wool and cotton, and espe- cially all cotton manufactures,x—ia short, all the great articles with which the world must be supplied, there is nobody can come near you; no nation can come near you, | am quite sure of that. | Now my idea is, in regard to my own country, we have made sore progress, ag I defore remirked, in the arts, and ia the application of science to art. I am aware we can learn of you more than we can teach you; at the same time, I think if they come out here with all their Yankee notion itty of articles produced im the United you may get a hiat that may be usefal We expect to learn eomething from you ; but 1 hope there is no other feeling on the part of the British people than kuvisess, and a desire to teach Us on the other side of the Atlantic. (Hear, hear) I will not take up your time further, exceyt t press the strong sense of gratification | feel occasion ; and | sey to you now, that ite sadd nese, and the not expecting it, makes it perhaps to me more agreeable than it would have beeaif I had had a notice of such « meeting as thi lean only say to you, that, so far a people of the United States are concerned with this country, the feeling of aflection, of brotherhood, and of kind- rowe stronger as we grow older; and I say now that if we are true to ourselves 1a the Ugited States, and you are true to yourselves, and ihe two nations are true to each other, you can not only give the world your language, ‘and your laws, and your religion ; but we have the power, (I apcak of the two nations)—we have the power to protect human liberty where it exists; we have the power to extend freedom among the nations; and we have the power to say to all the tyrants on the earth, if we act together, ‘* Thus far you shall ceme, ant no farther.” (Loud applause ) I hope that the hoppy dey has now arrived when nothing may dis- turb the good fe: ood the peace and a ’ that do, aod always should, and always shall, so fer as [am concerned, exist between Great Britain and Amerien. (Prolonged applause.) The Mayor having left the chair, which was token by A. Henty, Exy, Joha Sharpe, Esq, moved, and John Kay thanks to the chairman The Mayor replied, hoping that Mr. Lawrense might, at a later period of his mission, again visit this town. This closed the meeting. Ata little after one o'clock, his excelleacy, accompanied by the Mavor, Mr. Henry, and several other influen- tial gentlemen, Visited the Exchange. Ia the eve ning, a large party were invited by Mr. Heary to meet his Excellency *1, seconded, a vote of Tersorarnic Coyausication petwren Horx- urs ann Liverroon.—The Electric Telegra Jompany are now extendiog the telegraph from et to Holyhead, and they purpose to meke it je for the immediate transmission of ship: ping intelligence to Li pool, by a combined working of the old eystem of semaphores and the electric apparatus. The subject has been laid be- fore the Liverpool Dock Company, and is uader theit consideration. The plan is to render the telegraph available in lien of part of the present semephore conununication along the coast | in 1829 only 79) miullious—and so on | that coin, or “metallic currency ‘The Uproar in the Bo Welrd caused Londen @ Deo. 11. @ehort be solution of ide Califor- than formerly; ‘oad on the han; ings banks, Btate. debts, 1 per aaa: el oa a and the eee forms in which meney is now in- vested, all of them hav: @ tendency to supersede the precious metals. Taking all things into account, it is not at all likely that the world at will want ‘s larger addition to its metallic ourrenoy £5,000,- 000 @ year, of which enly half need bein gold. Short, but aot sntiafuctory. ‘ ; The anticipation, * that California will add ite 410,000,000 a year to the former supplies,” is rather indefinite. The diggiogs have now been worked for theee annual seasons; and the most trustworth' estimates of their produce do not make the tota! more than £15,000,000, at the outside. Then it is to be remembered that however the crop, there is but one; and that that, once not be renewed. pny bad every other gold region yet discovered has given its highest annual produce within no longer period after it hae firet been stanaily worked. Even the auriferous tracts of the Oural and Siberia seem to form noexception. The returns of 1849 justify the inference that the produce there, has already be- gun to decline. That California may “ add its £10,000,000 a year to the former Gey is not improbable. {t may even have added this sum in the present year. But how | will the addition be continues? Five years! Ten? Twenty? It is the continuance of such an annual addition, and not its amount in a single year, that seems impor- tant to the present question. ‘Then “the ratio of that sum (£10,000,000 a year) to the wants of the world is a matter of simple cal- culation. The pepulation of the whole earth is, in round numbers, 1,090,000,000; its metallic cur- rency £300,000,000, which gives 63. 8d. to each member of the human species.” Very simple! itis said that a child may ask questions a wise man cannot answer. We take the inquiry—what is the total population of the world 1—to be one of these. But it is one that somebody, how wisely we will not preeume to say, has long since an- swered. School books have long set down the total at the sum stated by the Times. The largest item, we believe, rests on the distinguished au- thority of the Chinese mandarins, who told Lord Macartney, more t! hi century ago, that the happy inhabitants of the Central Flowery Land then numbered exactly 333,000,000. Possibly, how- ever, the answer is a correct one; and as our con- pe sen Bae: eb it, and we have no evidence to offer on the other side, we will take it for granted. The ‘metailic currency” ot the world we are disposed to set down at rather more than ** £300,000,600.”" The ealy English work in which this subject has yet been ayeeceosly treated ia that published by Mr. Jacob in 1881 (An Historical Enquiry into the Production and Consumption of the Precious Metals. 2 vols. 8vo) Mr. Jacob (chap. xxvi.) estimated the whole quantity of gold and silver in use,in Europe and America alone, at the ead of the year 1829, at £313,383,560. population using this masa of coin, he set down 270,000,000, or little more than one-fourth of the population of the world, as above stated. If we allow to the other 730,000,000 of people including, be it remembered, the 300,000,000 of Chinese, and the 100,000,000 of the inhabitants of India (who are all known to use gold and silver as coi), oaly £100,000,000 more, we may set down the total quantity ot coin in use ia the wearld, more than twenty years ago, at £413,000,000, or say one- third more than our contemparary supposes to be in use for that purpose at present. @ might rea- | sonable suppose that it had increased in the inter- But as we have no evidence co adduce, we will leave the estimate as it is. Now, we corne to an arithmetical error, manifest, yet smal), end which is of importance only as we are dealing with hundreds.of millions. £3,00000,000 divided among 1,000,000,000 of persons, gives, by our calculatioa, not 63. Sd., but 63. per head— 3 10ths of a pound, not 1-3d. The next sentence brings us to a pause—‘* Man- lind increases about 10,000,000 a year, and, i if everything else remained the same, the metallic currency would require an addition of £3,000,000 every year.” As we ourselves kaow nothing of the annual rate of increase of mankind, we can only accept, on this poiat, the dictum of our con- temporary. But we may perhaps be permitted to ask how itis that, if (ea millions are added every year, the eum totel remains jast what it was said be thirty years azo? Was the school story of thirty years ago, uotrue? And wes the total ia 1849 only 990 millioas—in 1839 ouly 890 millioas— atthe rate of a every ten years! But hold—if we ue this topic we shall get out of our depth. We will take (ne fact to be as our contemporary states it; aud in the really incre asin; | meantime set down our wonder to oar ignorance. he conclusion is, that, taking all things iate account—-settiog the increase and diffusion of wealth on one band aginst expedients for sayer- seding coin on the other—it is not at all likely that the wortd at large will want a larger addition to its metallic currency than £5,000,000 a year, of which only half need be in gold. F Now, ebout this conciusion we venture to in- dulge some doubts; and as others may possibly share them, we willstate what they are. Pochage our contemporary may think them worthy of at- tention. In the first place, then, we have always supposed —and see, yet, no reason for giving up the notioa— » is only one of several uses to which the gold and silver in the world sre applied. Mr. Jacob evidently indulged the same idea; for (chap xxviii.) he forms a some- what eiaborate estimate of “the actual value of the precious metvis in personal ornament andia do- mestic uiensi!s in Europe and in America,” in 1829; and comes to the conclusion that they amount to about £400,000 600 sterling invalue, Pureuiag be idea, he also allows for the consumption, or weuwr end tear, of the precious metals in theee shepos. After careful inquiries, he set down the annu consumption in Great Britain (exelusive altogether of the “metallic curreacy” £2,457,221; in France aud Switzerland at £1,550,000; and ia the reat of Kurope at £1 605,490—total, 2,71. For all America, on the same account, he added £290,650 a vear. Altogether, £5,503,240. He also, after consulting “the most considerable retiaers,” sets down 1 40th of this as the quantity coatributed by the remelting of gold and silver previously manufactured—meking the anaual demand for new metal, ia Europe aod America a!one, exelusi ve of coin, t ords of £5,000,000 sterling. We know this escimate has been objected to. The Edin- burgh Revww, noticing Jacob's work, (volume 55,) set down the whole European demand for gold and silver, annually, besides coin, at £1,250,! The proportion got from oid wares is still more variously estimated. Necker and Gerboux both, high authorities, thought it might be one-half. Peuchet and Humboldt qvote this, but offer no es- timate of their own he Edinburgh reviewer puts it at one hfth; and allowing £300,000 2 year ca, vets down the absolute consumption (or deetruction) of goid and er in Earope and America (b oin) at £3,700,000 a year. This Was twenty y 0. We will put the eatire demand at £4,599,000 in 1850. And, remembering how much more gold and silver, in proportion to their entire wealth, is, tecording to all sccounts, used for persoaal wad domestic purposes by the inhabitants of China and India than by those of Europe and America, we may, notwithstanding their comparative poverty, safely set them down tor £2,000,000 more per an- num. Thus we have a total of £6,500,000 a year required, irrespective of coin The consumption in coin is imperfectly es'ima- ted by Jacob. He allows nothing for loes by fi by wreck, or by hoards buried and never recover- ed. The wear and tear ot coin is set down by Edinburgh reviewer, on ell accounts, at three- fourth per cent for gold end silver together. This, on £400,000,000, the lowest eum we can (as above stated) esimate the coin of the entire world at, would be £3,000,000 sterling. Add- ed to the coneumption for other pore sea, it makes @ total annual demand of £9,500,000. We think thie under the mark; but Jet it stand It will_be observed that our cotemporary allows nothing for the consumption of gold and silver in any form whatever-—apperently assuming not only that the gole use for either is a “metallic cure tency,” but, also, that once browght into uae, the: are indestructible, and cen never be lost. He no outlet fora new supply except an incte cae of the number of persons using coin. This outlet we have not before been accustomed to thiak mach of; but placed before us as it now is, we do not see how we can refuse ita place. Add it to the £9,500,000 we have set down above, and we have 4 grand total—representing the enauul demand for anew ei ~of £14,900 000 sterling In conclusion, then, we admit yar contemporary’s case. We ofler only an amendmeat of his estimate (and that ow the authority of Mr. Jacob,) as to the amount of coin in circulation; and we do not vea- ture, ev on this amendment, to impeach his novel conclusion—that new eoin is wi year, to the amount of £5,000,000 a on'y ack leave to edd a reasoaadle sum for the wear and tear et gold end silver in other forms. For the wear of the coin, the evidence isin the records of every miatin the world. [t must even be in the memory of all who remember the pro- clemation of 1841 aa to “ light gold com,” and the inconvenience it caused to most of us. And for the wear in other forms, the evidence is both abundent and everywhere at hand. It seems need- hese to refer to the thousands of equare yarls of ‘up, can: | countrie: the best authorities, the large and continually increasing amount retain- ding on the ides dmiany tien ibe.s the walls of almost house in the boasts a framed print, or gold lettered back of published, or bound—to the new plate stamped opery year as paying rament, and quantity known In use—to the pockets of the male population the kingdom ig ere their wedding and other rings, and their own adornments ; to an endless veviety of similar proofs, w! can only have escaped our contem- porary because they are so common. (From the Lon duty to the s be regular, and that the receipts of the week 000,000,” or, in ee words, £400, In order to estimate the real produc! nees of the ‘‘diggina,” it must be borae in mind that the above enormous sum represents but a #mall portion of the gold actually collected—what had been sent to one port alone—without taking into account the sums trangmitted to Australia, to China, to England, or to any of the nations of Europe. It did not include the sums brought by ngers, who, having realised fortunes, were to enjoy the fruits of their good luck ere the precious metal became depreciated in distant as it has already become inthe neighbor- Francisco. Nor did it infringe upon heod of edin country itself, for the purpose of an in- ternal currency. Itcannot be supposed that from 80,000 to 100,000 persons, procuring and bringing to light from half an ounce to an ounce of gold each the | per diem,on an average, and living pretty nearlyfup to the smaller amount, would send away “aaitpales without retaining a large onion for their own use, to fall back upon in the event of any failure of the supplies. or their being debarred from further search by the interference either of Indians or of the American government, which. now that Cali- fornia has beea formally admitted into the Union, may probably adopt some energetic measures to secure a monopoly of “ treasure hunting” to those who owe allegiance to the “stars and stripes.” The weekly importation of £400,000 to New York is therefore but a small part, certainly mot a moiety, of the sums actually realised, and yet it is equiva- lent to £20,800,000 per annum, or rather more than four times the amount yielded at any former time by all the mines throughout the entire globe, or which, according to the views of the bullonis! can be required to provide forthe wear and tear of the pes metals and the increasing population of the world. It requires no extraordinary powers of vaticination to perceive what must be the ia- evitable results of this enormous addition to the stock of bullion. Although many years must elapse before the natural consequences of the chance can be fully developed, (it took more than halfa century after the discoveries in Peru and Mexico before the great depreciation in the value of coin was apparent,) its effects are already be- coming perceptible, and they must become more palpable in every successive year. _ : ‘he great and sudden “appreciation” in the value of silver, and the increased demaad for it every market, are the first symptoms of the change. ‘The relative proportions of the precious metal been altered, and as the quantity of ga incres and the amount of labor required for its production is reduced, so must its value diminish; and there must oe a continued depreciation so long as the existing causes continue in operation. The change hitherto has been little more than three Te cent; butit must be borne in mind thatit has een the fluctuation of a few weeks only, aad it is about what the ascertained arrivals of gold from California ™S to this period would most probably occasion. In order to avoid any controversy om the premizes, we shall take our data from the great organ of the moneyocracy, the T'mes, whose as- sertions will not be disputed by any bullionist. The Times, then, has recently estimated the amount of gold received from California at £10,000,000 sterling, and it has further declared that it sees little reason to doubt that a similar sum willbe obtained each year from that couatry. It aleo states the metallic currency of the world at £530,000,000 sterling. As we may, suppose that the ordinary supplies from South America, and from the Ural mountains, have not been with- drawn, and thatthe only disturving element has been the golden stream from Californie, the addition of £10,000,000 to the former stock of £330,000,000 should produce, as nearly as possibie, a dimiaution in its value of 3 per cent, and th as nearly as sible, the amount of the change. Silver having improved from 59d. to 6ljd., according to the Times’ calculation, there wiil be a further addition of £10,000,000 sterling in gold in each and every year; this must, in like maaaer, produce a further decreace in the value of gold, or increase in the value of silver (the terms are nearly convertible) of three per cent per annum. This wil! lead to “depreciation,” with a vengeance How will “the integrity of thé standard,” for which the pation has sustained so many serious triala, be preeerved? what will speedily be the state of our oreign exchanges with nations that continue to preserve the silver currency, when their circu- seo medium is increasiog, and ours deteriorating in value day afterday? These are ioterrogatories requiring distinet and categorical answers. consideration cannot he evaded or postponed. T: imperative neceesity of a speedy settlement of t! currency question is rendered more manifest than ever. The moneyocracy will at length begin to perceive its propriety. But if they desire that these interests should be at all regarded, they must seize the golden opportunity that still remains. Ao equitable arrangement is still practicable. Ifit be long delayed, they will be the chief euflerera. The industrious clasees will not forget hew strenuously they have insisted upon the letter of their contract, in tetal disregard of ite spirit. They have demand- ed their “pound of flesh”—perhaps they may Bpe noe | be required to accept it, being at the same time reminded that they cannot take with it a tingle “drop of blood.” They will receive their 5 dwte. 3 grs. of gold, without any regard to its purchasing power or command Ovgr the neces- ranes or comforts of life Syeam tn Prance.—The latest returns of the number of stesm engines employed ia France ia factones, steamers, and on railways, give the fol- lowiny its:—There are, in Franee, 5,607 ea- tablishinents of various kinds, at which*steam en- gives are veed. This machinery is worked by meons of 9.288 boilers, of which 8,776 have been made in France. The whole represeat 65,129 horse power. The number of boilers employed the preceding year was 8623; the aumber of estab- lishments at which steam engines were employed being then 4.0% The length of the railways now open is 2,171 kilometres (1,357 Eaylish miles), and the number of locomotives on th is 725, or 58 morte than the ES eding year. The number of steam veosels is 279, set in move ment by machinery of 22,893 horse power. The quantity of goods carried ia them during the year was 730,948 tons, while that of the year before was 696,666 tons. [t is calculate: that all the steam machimery now at workin France represents 110.178 horee power. Marvecs or tax Cornish Mives.—Some of the momes are iiuly gread undertakings. The congsoli- dated mines, the largest of the Cornish group, em- ploy upwards of 3,000 persons One of its engines pumps Water from a direct depih of 1,600 feet, the weight of the pumping epparatus alone being up. wards of 500 tong; the pimping rod is 1,740 feet d it raises about 2,000,000 gallons of weter k, from a depth ‘equal to five times tho Si. Paul’s. Theee are, indeed, wonders The conselidated ead uaited mia ing to one company, ere stated to have wing vest quantities of moterials in a 5,270 tone; candles. 192,144 ibs.; & rapa, &e., 3,493 Ihe ; pick and ehovel handles, 03 dozens Sir Charles Lemon has estimated, that, in the whole of the Cornish mines, £13,000 worth of gun- j owder is used annually; that the timber employed m the underground works equala the growth of 10 square miles of Norwegian forest; and that 37,000,- (0) tona water are raised anaually from the mines. Unexrreten M year—Coal aren 82,000 lbs; leather, for y ef the country cannot in’ any degree be reckoned on, during the year next ensuing, with- an additional military foree of 50,000 mea being added to the present establishment. A par. tial eprolment of the militia is contemplated for furthering this objeet. An augmentation of the army in Ireland ia likewise dee ned of paramount neceseity. Straxer Procerpinas in «4 Lonoon Cntrecn — On Friday evening, during the performance of divine vice at the church of 3:. Andrew, Weils street, Marylebone, where, as is alleged, Paseyite practices ere adgpted to a great extent, the con- gregation and the officiating ministers were dis- turhed from their solemnities by the flatterin, ebout of three little members of the feathered tribe, attired in @ most grotesque manner, against the gas lights, and falling amongst the congrega- tion, On being ured, they were discovered to be twe goldfinches end a sparrow, the latter attired esa cardinal, and the former aa Romish priests. The weg who had performed this not very deco- roue trick in a place of worship, had added eruelty to his freak, for the cardinal’s hat, also the priestly vescmenta of the poor little birds, had beea pomey Eng on, £0 that to release them the fea- thers had to be plucked out. It is stated that th: gravity of the congregation was greaily distarbe by the occurrence Tun Prince oy Cooxs —M. Soyer, #0 celebra ted for hie magic cookery, has taken Gore-house formeily the residence of the laie Lady Blessing ton, for the six months of the great exhibition, a arent of £600 for that time. It is to be fited u es an hotel, and the beautifal grounds are te b laid out for enterteinments in the style of thos aflorded to the pudlic at Cremorne. Yaakes hould viet Gore house.