The New York Herald Newspaper, December 6, 1850, Page 2

THE PUBLIC LANDS. if the Com: Report o1 missioner ef the Land In submitting for your consideration a report of ‘the operations of this branch of the service during the past year, I have concluded to modify to some extent the forms of statistics, by presenting semi- annual tables of the sale and disposal of the public lands so as to conform to the fiscal year, and at the same time admit of being arranged by calendar years when . As it has been the practice to found the tables for the third quarter in part upon estimates, I have concluded this year to dispense with it,and to carry the statistics into the body of the report. : ‘The surveys of the public lands and private claims have been prosecuted during the last year with all energy which the means at the disposal of this ice would permit. The late peried at which the appropriations for the current year were made, pre- ‘vented the extension of the surveys this fall in the northwest, as intended, so as to keep pace with the pgress of settlement. The delay thus caused, owever, will be compensated by increased eflorts in the ensuing spring, so that the numerous settlers in that direeton may ean early opportunity of purchasing their nuprovements. [on the States ot Ohio, ladiane, Missicsippi and Alabama, the sur- veys have been completed, the archives connected therewith transferred to the State authorities as required by, the act of June 12, 1840, and the office of Sui veyor General in those States discon- tinued In Llinois, Arkansas, Michigan, Missouri, Louisiana and Florida, the surveys are being brought to a close as speedily as practicable, as will be perceived by reference to the following ta- ble, showing the area of each State, the number of acres surveyed, and the number remaining un- surveyed :— . Surveyed — Unsure'd ryAreas of the Staten to Sept, to Sept. 30, 1a. 1250. S08, 8317 44 5 18,341 LS,385554 44,203 Oregon. Total. » Fxelur Thus it is she veys of the pubtic lands, im all these States, will be completed, and the archives connected there- with transferred to the respective States, as pro- vioed by law. The object in pressing forward the surveys, has been to keep pace with settlement, and to enable enterprising pioneers to avail them- gelvea ot the benet s of the pre-emption act of 1811, which in express terms excludes all persons who settle on unsurveyed lands. Where the surveys have been carefully and cor- rectly executed, it is but seldom that a re-survey is necessary, and branch of ihe service is required. Much emberrasement bas been experienced in determining the location and survey of private claims, especially in Florida and Louisiana, but uncer the judicious direction of the Surveyors-Ge neral of those States, the difficulty, to a great ex- tent, have beep removed. In Florida, most of the private claims have been located and surveyed, and the work appears to have been done in a man- ner generally acceptable. During the present seaton, itis expected that the remainder of the ivate claims, and most, if not all, of the public ds of any value outside of the Seminole reser- vation, in this State, will be surveyed. . . * + a In consequence of the great number of bounty land warrauis issued and located, the low rates at which thore warrants have been sold—averag- ing ovly about 80 cents per acre—the grants and dcnations made to the several States for internal improvements, the sales of the public lands, dur- img the past year, have been comparatively limit- ed. The whole quantity sold and appropriated in satiefaction of warrants and donations exceeds, very considerably, however, that of the precediag ear. * The following statement of the amount of lands sold and located by military land warrants, \c., in 1848 end 1819, and first three quarters of 1350, exhibits the decrease in cash receipts, and the in- crease fos 1849 iu the amount of lands disposed of. Bales in 1848. Fs 1,887, 563:04 equal to $2,621. Mexican Wor Warra 225896000 °° 8 Btate telectiour tote tl bd Trpruvenent “ Cheetaw Core “ ‘Total Acres 4,935,009 06 $5,423,135 35 Acres. es te 149, 1,820,902:77 equal to $1,758,800 42 jextean Wor 3.406 510-10 yd 900 OO | iam prove Cheetaw Cer Total A res le bree quarters in na Sephacerp tps $60,092:53 equal $o $1,129,136 59 of copce RTD for ist, sd quare 24, ana ter... Cheetaw Cert Total Acres From thi 2,815,960:42 tement it will be perceived that the aggrega'e amount of land disposed of in 1849, con- fiderably exc atot Is48. There isa falling in the current fiscal year, caused probably by emigration to the Pacitic, th tions for the Railroad from Ci the fact that most of the military warrants have been located, and the State selections disposed of. Since the lest Annual Report, over six millions of acres of lands have been brought into market, and about seven millions are now prepared for sale, and will be oflered early in the ensuing season. Vari- ous opinions have been formed and expressed of the cost of the public landa, and of surveying, sell- ing and managing them, in comparison with the revenue derived trom them. That thie matter may be correctly understood, and the value of those lands as a source of revenue be seopesiy eppreciated, | beg ve to state that, by a careful exemination, it is ascertained that the a of the public domain, exclusive of the in Oregon, California, New Mexico, Utah, van and Nebraska Territories, was 124,103,- es t one-fourth of these lands has been sold, and the purchase money received for it amounts + eee $185,399,002 The cost of the whole of these lands, iaciuding the amount paid to Frener for Louisi- ane, to Spain for the Flori- dav, ond the amount paid for extn odven tuje, was eeee «$61,121,717 oly of these lends rveyed, the cost cloding saleries and of wine of surve clerks, and tending the sur 6,969,838 Lees then halt veyed has been fold, and the whole cost of selling aud maneging the some, including every expense not previously charged, is. 7 Aguregaie outlay of every kind —— 74, Net profit to the government... ......@60,381,213 Or on averoge of nearly one million and a quarier of collars enuunlly, for the last filty yeara. If to th i be added the value, @ Net acie, of granted 1a boun’ for military ser- vices und for internal improvement, donations, &e., it would emount to nearly double that sun -_ be more fully appreciated when it ia un- the average ¢ ¢ government Of Gequiring title to the publi » tentading the guishment of the Indian tile, . 14-41 cent r acre Do. of seiling aud managing Total average cort while for each acre © 00, oF a net profit over ve every ¢ d expense, of ¢1 03 1 5-100 per acre he whole force of the of has been actively and vigorously employed in diveharge of t onerous dati ng out of ite ¢ 4 the ree publi The quarierly acco f quarter of the current ¢ selections, adjusted, posted and the ise atte, donation’, and military en pressed forward rapidl placed at our disposul for that 5 mit. neros Muay ned a of nearly all the diviein jocations, &e., have nd eater t Ne period; of pe * for private as i pers 9 of the of for years have prodyeed nmeh ad co respondence, have beea takea d of, and the eurreot dutivs have been Jischarged with commendable diligeuce There has been a material in eral business of the office, ¢ claims te lands for military * * ‘ rense in the gen- yent upom the Daring the past year 7,215 Mexican horaty land we been examined and carried into pa- tents, the whole of which have been forwarded direct to the parties entitied, ead severe! thane! Tore are nearly reedy for transmission Whole nuimoc Rexicaa warrants issued of ce no fusther expeuditure in this | 1,900,150 00 | extensive reserva. | ic igo to Mobile, and | transmitted to this office is 75,860, of whic! 269 have been | d, covering 7,840,400 acres. ‘he act granting Mexican bounty laad claims was construed to authorize their assignment, whic h opened a door for the commission ot extensive fraude, a8 well upon the soldier and his heirs as the vernment. lumerous discharges have been fe ed, an warrants obtained thereon, and assigned and paesed into the hands of bona fide purchasers, by individual Personating the sol ier. Some estimate may be formed of the extent of these frauds, from the factthat about three hundred warrants have been cancelled on the ground of having been obtained on false or forged papers, and about two hundred and seventy-five have been nage upon allegations of the same character, made by counter-ciaimants. Fourteen hundred caveats have been tiled in this office by individuals contesting the issue of patents to the assignees, chiefly on the ground that the assignments are false and counterfeit, or, in fact, executed prior to the issue of the warrants, and the dates subsequently inserted. . + * * * * * Much embarrassment has also been experienced in closing the grants made to the States for Inter- ral Improvemeats by the Act of 4th of September, 1841, and by, other similar grants made to_particu- lar States, y special acts of Congress. The fol- lowing table exhibits the present condition of the grant made by the Act of 4th of September, 1811, to Wit :— BraTeMENT SHOWING THE ConprrioN or THR State BELEC- TioNs UNDER THE Act or 4rH Serrewper, 1841, oN sae 80rn Day or June, 1850, «to ach State No. of Acres to whi which each State was entitled un— teas on der the ih See. of Acres ap the Lat July 1850, tion of the Act o id uptoSieh and tobe selected States. Sept. 41341, June, 1500, and approved. Hi 209,055 50 28.980 05, 15 | 0,000 00 449317 62 i} ‘UT 469 17 pone | 0.000 00 493,555 53 | 6000.0 00 BOSNTO AL 44 513 43 49), 889 03, 507 94 172,394 56 2m) 088 42 | Aggregates. 4106,08 77 3,061,017 29 1,105,991 43 | Thus it will be perceived that the grants mide by this act have ,been nearly closed in several of | the States, and special eflerts are now making to complete those in all the other States. la some, particularly in Florida, this consummation has een prevented by the difficulty in completing the » | location of * private claims,” as it was impossible | in many portions of country in which selections have been made by the State, to distinguish public from private lands, till those claims were located, | and, of course, until that time no definite action | could be had in the “State seleetions.” A like | difficulty has been experienced ia bringing the | business connected with claims in Florida, under the “Armed Occupation Act,” to a terminatioa. As most of the ‘private claims” bave been lo- cated, a8 already meutioned, the * State elee- tions, and cases arising under the “Armed Occu- pation Act,” will be disposed of as rapidly as possible, | The several grants to the State of Indiana, for the construction of the Wabash and Erie Canal, | amounting to about 1,100,000 acres, have all been | selected, the lauds certified to the State, aad closed upon the books of this office. | . The same may be said respecting the grant to Wisconsin, for the improvement of the Wisconsin and Fox rivers, and the connection of those streams by e canal, made by the act of 8th August, 1816, | except that portion west of Fox river, within the | recent session, by the Menominies, which has not yet been surveyed. z : * * * Among the most important matters that will doubtless engage the attention of Congress, in con- nection with the extension of the lind system over our newly acquired territory, will be that of making provision by law for the prompt adjadi- cation, settlement, and separation fgom the public land, of all valid foreign tides which should be re- spected, and recognized under coy. The first requiring attention are those in Oregon end California. in the former, the claims, it is presumed, are comparatively limited number, which come within the purview of the treaty of Sih August, 1846, between the United States and Great Britain, and the rights which our govern- ment by treaty has agreed to respect may, it is sug- gested, be discriminated, and settled by the joint ection and co-operation of the Surveyor General and the Register and Receiver, acting as a Board of Commissioners, whose juriediction should extend toall cases contemplated by the treaty, except such as may have been provided for by the act of Con- gress, approved 27th September, 1850, to create | the office of Surveyor General of the Public Lands in Oregon, and to provide for the survey, and to make donations to settlers. The decision of those oflicers should be subject to the final determina- | tion of the appellate authority, hereinafter sug- sted, respecting the adjudication of claims in the State of Califorma. | | In that State the claims are much more nume- row nd are of a very ditlerent character from } | those in Oregon, being generally of a larger area, | ecme, indeed, of an imimense extent, and resting | Upen inceptive and other tiles, in various stages | of maturity, as derived from the governments of | Old Spain and Mexico, and a great portion of which are unaided by any actual survey’under the govera- | ments from w they were derived. 'o settle these claims, it is recommended that legislation be had analogous to the plan presented ia a bill intro duced into the Senate at the last sessioa, which looked to the appointment of a Board of Commis- sioners, with power to visit diflerent places in Cali- fornia, under the order of the President, and to take testimony of all the facts reiating to the valid- ity, or invalidity, of the respective claims,"and to report the same, with their opinion, tothe depart- ment, subject to the revision of a tribunal consist- ing of the Se cretary of the Interior, Attorney Ge- neral, and Commissioner of the General Land Of- fice, who shall have power to render final decision of confirmation, a8 against the United States sur- | vey and patent. They should also have power to reject all clanme which, in their opinion, are not valid under the treaty, but in case of any such re- jections, the claimants ehould have the right to ap- peal from sech decision, and briog the case by pe- tition and a transcript of all the evidence and pro- ceedings before the District or Circuit Court of the | United States, for the proper district in Califor- nia, who shall thereupon enter up a decree, or de- | cision, from which an appeel mey be taken by | either party to the Supreme Court of the United States, whose decision thereupon shall be final end conclusive, In the eventof confirmation of a claim by such court, a survey to be made, and a patent to issue us in other cases, but when the decwion shall be aguinst the claim, the lands ipso facto to be treated as public lands of the Uatted States, and disposed of eecordiogly. By the option of such a meas | sure it is be hewed that the ends of justice will be | subserved, the whole matter will be brought to a final decimon end adjustment within a reasonable ad separated from | the public lands, whicn cen then be disposed of without danger of conflict wah the bona fide inte- rests of privete individuals. * * * . | By the treaty of 1932, the Chickasaws ceded to our government Certain |b in the northern purt of Mississippi and Alabama, with a stipulation that they were to be sold by the United States, and the net proceeds paid over tothem. That cession, as heretofore ered, bas all been duly surveye platted, and found to contam 6,718,696 27-100 ares * But of thie area individual Ta- dian rerervations, which bave been recognized, cover..... 2.421.070 86-100 ores 4,200 910 41-100 neres Leaving subject to fale... Of this quantity there bere been seid up to 90th Beptem ber last... Leaving unrold at that date 200 S17 44-100 notes ide the sale of “ publ there hav been disposed of by the | era, ia the ce fl 65,005 OS 100 weres of * O; n reservations,” under the Sth article of the treaty of 1804 phan,” and the gross amount rece re spective el each year, end . gate, up to the f the third quart ar exhibited m the wing table: n tire CHIOWASAW C8 market, with he excepiion_ of one section, reserved | for the use of the oval offices. The unsold lacd=, wnder the operation of the | cee systeni, Have reached the minimum price ed by treaty of 125 cents per acre, except a fe: | tacts Which are now sulject to entry at 50 cents | racre, There bave been issued for public lands im this ceexion, , For revervations.. 22,460 patent. 2,200 sisi (Se Seer All of which have been duly recorded in this and the sceounts of the Keceiwer have been adjuste up to the 20th September, 1860. Tt may afford some idea of the amount of labor which has been required acd performed in conduct- ipg thus far the land persons of the Chickasaw Cession, by reporting the teet that the records in this office, in convection wiih this busi- nese, Comprise ninety: three folio volumes, * * ‘The pre-emption bysiness has been ssing in a very satisfacrory mavner. Nearly all the claims under the sets prior 1o IS4l have been finally dis posed Of, many of which wer very important from the value of the property at issue, and the com- plexity of questions wvolved * The act of 4ih September, 1841, prospective in its character, bas been beneficial in its operation, securing as it does to every setiler who desizes it, the right to euter without compention the land um- roved end setiied on, and generally ners hin, y ordinary industry, to realize trom the soil suffi- cient meats to pay for the same, before he 1s ree quired 10 do vo by law * * * * * The county land aod scyip business under the war of the revolution, oud that of 1812, is being wound up @ rapidly as possible, pursuaat to the Jegislation of Congress. Under the act passed by Congress on the 28th September, 1850, **to euable the State of Arkan- sae, and other States, to reclaim the swamp laads within their limits,” it was decided, with your ap- probation, to charge the Surveyors Generat of the several Sates ta which their othices existed, in the first place with moking out lists of the lands grant- ed to those States by that law, and where those offices were abolished, to devolve that duty on the Jand offices of the sespeetive districts. Full instruct have been made out, and trans- mitted for this purpose; and, by those instructions, the act of Congress will be earried out—the right to all the swemp and overtlowed lands unfit tor cultivation, secured to the States, and the iaterests of the government protected The State of Louisiana haviag made the neces- sery arrangemenis to defray the expense of select- ing the swemp lands therein, under the act of 2d Mereh, 1819, the vecessary instructions for that purpose were issued; and, at the instaace of the delegation from that State, a epecial agent was or- dered there to arrange and determine the princi- ples on which thet grant should be adjusted, who discharged the duty entrusted to him, and made his report, Which was laid before Congress. ac- cordenee with the instructions thua issued, afd the principles established, the State proceeded to make = relections, and has made considerable progress therein. The lew recently passed embraces Louisiana, and increases the grant made by the act of 1819. Instrucuons have also been prepared for all the district land offieers, under the act of 28th Sept., 1:50, “granteg bounty lend to certain officers and soldiers who have beea engaged in the military service of the United States.” ss In order that the liberal views of Congress, in pasting this law, should be fally carried out, and all possible expense saved to the brave and patri- otic citizens, for whore benefit it was enacted, ia locating their lands, and at the same time to pro- tect the improvements of the hardy and industrious pioneer setuers, it has been determined, with your epproval, to waive the affidavit heretofore required, thet there is no improvement on the land proposed to be located, but to publish notices for all the set- uers upon the public lands, to come forward and notify the land officers of their improvements; to require that the warrants shall remain forty in the local offices, afier they have been located their settlements and improvements, as now required This will vive the settlers full ume to file notices of bylaw. uring the time a warrant is thus retained in the bands of the land officers, if it is found that it line beem boeated upon the improvement of a settler, that location will be annulled, and a new one made for the werrantee. Arrangements have also been mode for lecating all warrants that may be sent to this office for that purpose. The instructions for the Surveyor-General of Oregon required a combination of the geodetic, with the rectangular system, as explained in the preceding part o! Lacy 2 and as required by the act of 27\h September, , establishing the office of Surveyor General of that territory. The geological surveys of the acthene. parte of Michigun, Wisconsin and lewa, authorized by the acts of Ist end 3d March, 1847, have been brought to a close, and it is expected that the final reports of the geologists will be received in time to be laid before Congress at an early period of the seesivn, if not te accompany this report. * . Immediately after the passage of the act of 20th * * September last, “granting the right of way, and making # grantot land to the States of Illiaois, Miseise:ppi and Alabama, in aid of the construction of a railcoad from Chicago to Mobile,” instractions were sent tothe land officers of the districts through which that road will pass, directing them to reserve from sale or entry of any kind all the lands within euileble distance on each side of that road until the grant is adjusted. This measure was adopted to prevent the lands along the route from being located by specalatore, thus securing to the States the benefits contempla- ted by the law, and preserving for future disposal | by the government, the lands in the alternate sec- tions alorg the road, the minimum price of which was doubied by that law, Under the eet of 26h September, 1850, “to re- duce the minimum price of the mineral lands io the Leke Superior district in Michigan, and in the Chippewa distriet in Wisconsin,” the whole of the miceral lands in those districts which have been surveyed, will be brought into market as early as practicable next season, at the reduced minimum, arrangements having been made for that purpose. The appropriations for surveying and marking the northern bow y of lowe, end the eastern boundary of Minnesota, were made too late in the sescon for the eervice to be performed the past fall. All the necessary instructions have been prepared, and the work will be completed early eat reason, . . . . * The manner of disposing of the public lande ia Calforma, New Mexico aud Utah, has ateracted | much attention, end various plans have been sug- gested es the most judicious for this purpose, es- pecially in reference to the valuable mineral lands in thore regrons. La view of the peculiar topogta- phical features of the country, and the value of the mineral lands in California, it has been supposed by many that the leasing system would condace most to the interest the government and the | people, so far a8 thoge mineral lands are conceraed, wad 4 bill to establish such yetem im that State has been introduced in the Senate. * It is not a matter of surprise that these opinions should be entertained by ail who have not realized the resulte of this system. The same views were held, euccessively, of the lead mines of Missouri | and iNinoiw, aud of the lead and copper mines of | Arkansas, Northern Michigan, and Wisconsin. As an additional reason, however, for the adoption of this system in California, it is alleged that the eoil in many ef the placers is utterly valueless, ex- | cept tor the mineral foucd therein, and that, when | that mineral is exhausted, (he land is worth nothing | When the history of the post, with reference to this msidered, it will be fouad that there of diflere@ce—that like xe elleets im all the resulta will probably be © gem the beginning the government haz mani+ a desire to retom &n interest in,Jands con- ble minerals. This ie a natoral feel re who, daral the supposed value of | he ue y desire that the govern | ment ebe When experience, how. t showa that th st of obtaining this share by aystem exceeds the be i byal tite derived kensing t loog train of serious ndi aitend em she ction on the thre sul 785, et mines was reserved Here it will be perceived | ' ’ “ 1 to reserve or lease the ihe genins and spirit of the people would not | he ve ated that ay 1 of vassal, 1 nee provided that th should be | sold, but that, in’ accor v vsage then | foree in Lure poriie cole mines | The wes the joiot resolution of the 6th of | 0, ¢ jog the employment of an agent | te lative to the oc yet mines | ia that act of at to lease ing system was adopted of it we have butiittie ins | al lends were pleeed vader the mine } f the War I tment 1 S21, and het tune there Was bat little if any thing The firet official information I have found, is e6n- ve port of the Seetetary of War, of t % ch it ie eteted thatthe | amount expended on account of | 8 ot: | forty. two, fifty and sixty-four, res; acre, it the leasing system is | © | mended that the law be modified would not iy re beequemt 5 ly @ sul report 11844, amounted to 4281 an amoun: ih about $4,556—while the neral lands by the government, including salaries of officera, &c., during the same period, was 729, making actypl loss to the government by the operation of . If to this be added the amount that wouid have been realized from these lands, if they had been sold at the ordinary minimum of $125 per acre, and the expenses, costs, &c , that grew out of the vast numberof suits instituted by the United States to recover rent due by defaulting leasecs, to vacate fraudulent entries, da., it would amount to @ 8um in Comparison to which the loss abovemen- tioned would be insignificant. Subsequently, in consequence of active measures having been talen by the District Attorney for that purpose, a greater amount of rent was received, but without any abatement of the attendent evils. So fully was Con- gress satisfied of the inexpediency of this system, with reference to revenue, and of the actual loss that the avers had eustained from it, that en the 3d March, 1849, an act was passed, authorizing of the United States about $1, oat 01.0009 more salary in,thi frum tbe Wai De rent received in of lead, i to cause the val mines reserved in the State of Mia- souri, to be exposed to public sale, subject to the ordinary minimum. This was followed by the act of 11th of July, 1846, direc'ing the mineral lands of Illinois, Southern Wisconsin, and lowa, to be sold; by the acts of the Istand 3d March, 1847, di- reeling the sale of the valuable eopper mines of Lake Superior, &c.—and finally by the act of 26th September, 1860, reducing their minimum price to that of ordinary. public lands. ‘ * * * _I therefore recommend that the lands in Califor- nia be sold—those that are agricuitura! he or- dinary way, and those ¢ contain valuable mine- rals, in small lots, and subject at first to an increa- sed miaimum ; that these mineral lands, after due public notice, be put up to the higest bidder in quantities only to suit the demand, that after such cflering, if they should remain unsold, to be sub- ject to entry at an increased minimum. And if it be the determination of Congress to secure a recompense for the valuable mineral con- tained in those lands, that they provide by law that all those minerals shall be assayed in California, by the United States; that a given ratio of the same thus assayed shall ensure to the government, and thet no mineral shall be exported from the couatry, until it is thus essayed. » bd * The Army. ‘THE REPORT OF THE GENERAL-IN-CHIFF, ACCOMPANY- 1NG THE REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WaR. HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY, ‘Wasnrneron, Saturday, Nov, 30, 1850 Sin—The organization, actual numbers on the rolis, and distribution of the army, will be shown by the returns from the Adjutant-General’s office, snpende to this report, viz :— . Organization of the army of the United States, as established by law, marked A. 2. General return of the army. B. 3. Position and distribution of the treops in the Eastern division. C. 4. Position and distribution of the troops in the Western Division. D. 5. Position and_ distribution of the troops in the third, or Pacific division. E 6. Exhibit of the number of recruits enlisted from Oct. 17, 1849, to Sept. 30, 1850, F, with the Adjutant General’s report thereon. Ta my Jast annual report to the War Mey posse dated November 3, 1849, | represented the urgent necessity of the increase of the military escablish- ment, created wget by the large accession of territory acquired by the late treaty of peace with Mexico, and the express stipulation, op our part, to protect that republic from the [ndian tribes with- in our limits. Congress, by the act of June 17, 1850, recognized ums necessity; but the additional force authorized was both inadequate in numbers and deseription. The act empowered the Presi- dent, whenever, in his opinion, any exigency re- quired it, to increase to seventy-four the number of privates in companies serving on the Western tron- lier end at remote stations, and to mount such por- tons of the foot companies so employed ashe might deem necessary. The great extent of our frontiers, and the peculiar character of the service devolving on the troops, render it indispensable that the cav- alry element should enter largely into the compo- sition of the army. Two additional regiments of horse (4: or mounted riflemen) are deemed absolutely neces- sary. The service is sulleriog greatly in Texas, New Mexico, and on the Pacitic, owing to the in- sufficiency of the force now authorized by law. Fer the want of regular cavalry, the commanding General in Texas been compelled to cali out, at great expense, a considerable iy of volunteer horse. The © nder in New Mexico has also made repeated and pressing applications for cavalry, but not a company could be spared from other quar- ters to reinforce Rim, No other deseriptioa of troops will answer for the protection of our immense lines of emigration and frontier settlements through, d bordering on, Indian tribes. Mounted infantry, @ substitute, is wholly inadequate; and the ex- periment of employing toot regiments in this way can only resul’ im disorganizing them, as infantry, and converting thein into extremely diferent horse- men. Besiaes, from their inexperience, the temporary character of their new duties, the wear and tear of horses and equipments, in the hands of infantry, would be enormous— probably three fold greater than with regular cavalry (dragoons or mounted riflemen)—thus making this nondescript force the most expensive and the least eflicient ever known to our service. 1 beg, therefore, to recommend, for the reasons given in my former report, that three regiments be added to the establishment, two of light dragoons, or mounted riflemen, and one of infabtry; that two companies be added to the present forty-eight com. pee of artillery, and that the fifty be organized into five reginenyp of artillery—one with field and stall officers, for the Pacilic coast; and that the President be authorized, according to the exi- gencies of the service, to cause to be extended by regular enlistments, the number of privates in every company, old and new, throughout the army, from ctively, to any bumber not exceeding seventy-iour privates per company. Another year’s experience hes confirmed me in the opmion that it 1 only by such augmentations the army can be enabled to preserve our forvilica- ons along the British, the Atlantic, and the Guif of Mexico frontiers ;—to guerd the immense lines of emigration across the Rocky Mountains, and defend our numerous settlements bordering on as many ill-afle cred Indian tribes. In the same report, Nov 3, 1849—( Executive Deeument No. 5, pp. 93-103)—I presented the equitable claims of the decayed or worn out soldi- ¢re—regulars and volouteere—discharged, or who mey be discharged, to an Asylum, and showed that one might be established out of funds already lodged by the treasury of the army, and by other means, without original or subsequent charge upoa the country. I egain beg leave to comnitad this most interesting subject to the attention of the higher authonties. A bill providing for a retired list ef disabled and worn out officers, passed the Senate at the last session, end will, | hope, soon be taken up by the ise ani mace a law he Sd section ot the act of June 17, 1850, de- sighed to encoursge eulisiments in the vieiity of the reraote frontier posts, by giving asa bounty to each recrait the expense of subsisting and trans- portiog one trom the principal depot in the East, to tuch post, hes proved a tulure, and e«ght to be repealed. The mducement tt presents is not suffi- cient to necomplish its ehject. Ladeed, the main, if not the sole reliance, for filling the ranks of the army is by recruiting im the old States. ‘The act makiog appropriations for the support of the army, approved Sept. 23, 1860, sec. Ist, doubles the pay proper of enlisted mea serving in Oregon 1a. This is a just provision, and onght ed to New Mexico, where, it is belie ¢- ed, the expenses of living ure nearly as great as on fie, and the service more arduous. The nt of this additional compe n- , but it will no doubt be found yrolong the time. It is also directed thet the gratuity be not |e to the soldier till the end of his enlistment. ‘his will certainly serve as a check to desertions, but it is apprehended it may also prevent reenlistments’ A soldier receiviag so Jorge on amovnt of back psy at his discharge, would not be likely to re-enter for a second term Perhaps both 8—the prevention of desertions, and encoar ut of enlisimente—might be re: cured by reteining till the expirotion of service one-holf instead of the whole of the additional pey erenied by the act referred to, and it is recom ordingly. I have the honor to remain, sir, With high respect, your ob't serv't, Hon. ©. M. Conran, See'y of V 1Gup Seort. Army Intelligence. We ate indebted to Volonei fF tunt, Deputy Quar. termaster General, for int jon relative to the mente ot 0 & troops 4 lery wirived at the New 0 . ¥ Were on thetr anti further or. ry lets 7 & chert t'me rivce for Ne pa regiment ie destined for Fort MIflin, o river; and com ny b for Fort Washington | Potemac. Company F,let Artillery, commen ut, Cot fh. reiterer, at the New Urieans ka, Company A, 4th Artiliers, which bas beea or. red to New York harbor. Company ©. lt Artilier mended by Brevet Lieat. Col Webs . Heved company I at Baton Rouge Barrac . ed by Brevet Major Seott of the fh Artilery has railed for Fort Washington, on the Pocomas Or ieons Picayune, Now 26 t this time, in all. 455 der thents ‘There are at Yale stneente- of there gical aincente, 26 law stu Aid dl Bi udenis of philore ge, a | There ere 10,21 mussagdoomes N. as epee od Marshal for the following statistical ‘The population of the village of Ballston Spa, lying int e town of Milton, Saratoga Co., is 1,961. Surroix County, N. ¥.—The number of inhabi- tants in Southam, Jes, 1,269; in Shelter Island, 386; families, 77. increase in ten years in the three places, 1s onl Harbor, 650 inhabitants. In 1845, Harbor 63 whaling ships. ced to 15. 356, The village of porate limits, contains there were owned in Sag That number is now redu Broome County, N. Y.—The census of Broome | Perry. shows a population of 30,680, an increase of | Pickens county 5,554 in five years. Massacuvsetts.—The following are the returas of the present census of the State of Massachusetts, in comparison with the be 4 of 1810:— . 1810. Counties. Population. Populatio. Suffolk + 144,520 95,773 SECX « 131,307 . Middlesex + 161,385 106,611 130,817 95,313. 35,714 51285, 58,140 B2ee S558 76,202 60,165 35,279 32.548 Nantucket. 8,452 2 Dukes. . 4,540 3,958 Tota)... eee cree eres 904,665 737,700 Increase from census of 1 te eee eee 208,900 Ruopx Isuanp.—The complete official return of the population of this State makes it 144,489, being | was 10 al of 35,767 since 1840, when it was | drowned; and 18 deaths caused by various other Venmonr.—The following are partial returns from this State :— Vv Total increase ty 4 = a sae chs | waged eee ace since 1840, 1,119. Total. 000 0000 sees cece cere over cores Kentecky.—The present census of K Benton, Macon.. Sumte) Maaison Increase in nine cos. 35,896 * Sumter county bas been divided since 1840. Maxenco County, Ava.—The census of Maren- county shows-a total population of 27,700, viz :— $7308 at whites, 20,544 slaves, and 39 free negroes. 23'812 | The increage of white inhabitants since 1844 is only 41,745 | ten, while the increase of slaves is 3,340. Trvsas Panisn, La.—The Concordia Intelli- 47,373 | gencer furnishes the following statistics of Tensas- per resent white population. « ‘ myaher of bushels of corn raised 332,100 last year... 4 The number of deaths, u ast 178; of which 156 were from cholera; eccidents. Texas.—The following returns are from Texas :— Bus Counties. 1850, 1840." “Inc’e. “Dec’e. | Counties, Free Inhte. Slaves, Farms, Dwell’gs. Cora, Windsor (22 town 356356 © 98,515 — 2870 if . P ss ct. oe Orange (11 town 6971 17,238 she J Sn aa aE aa Windham (18 tow 6401 15.249 1152 — Caledonia, .... 23.009 2180L 1716 Washington (10 towns) 12657 12005" 652 — Bennington (10 tewne) 10558 0,735 $28 Chittenden (11 towns) 17.371 15,565 1,806 = — AGGIOOD so .eeceeee 5 20,552 24986 1605 — sey —We have received the returns of population in four of the counties of New Jersey, which are as follows :— Counties. Total in four counties ... myn Increase + 12,276 The population of Warren county is 22,164. crease since 1540, is 1,798 :— Ja- 1850. 1840 Greenwich 734 2,904 Franklin 1,565, 1,347 1,567 Len ingbuy »275 Hardwick . 27 1,954 1,756 1,690 2,853 Meshing Manstield . Independence Total........ seececeeeeeee MBSE 20,366 Pennsyivanta.—The follewing returns from this State have been received :— Newton, Ouachita . Crawiord Crittenden. . Counties. 1850. 1st0 .. | 45,242 slaves. i 4 1,235 | “"‘The following are the productions of the State :— 497 28,369 Bales Bushelg Bushels Bushele 64,569 Cotton, _ Corn. 2 Wheat. 29,368 | Arkansas. 118,676 08S _ new) | Asbley.. 127,140 7 6L 1,085 | © 13,476 11,165 (new 100,674 4,193 12 rf 113.3890 «1984 7B 29,053 fulter cutee Sino Wayne... 21.911 11,815 | Orittenden: 39/897 403 Clarion. . 23,712 new 273.946 336 as er | 478,089 289,34 Increase .. 66... 66 ee ees 188,788 PB ysy = Moxtcoweny Cornty, Pa.—The census of the | Hot Spring pe country, as far as received, is as followe:— is ee = cn. Norristown... ....6,030 Lower Providence .1,990 7 Skippack 4 30 $26 1.840 99S Limerick S413] 4.824 Plymouth. Pottsgrove . 960 45 ui wee Dat bho rd Li Madieor 229 463 is inise pper in ower fo Ww Mooreland Towamenci ‘904 | Merion TAS 10,807 6.086 1 Franconi 1,263 seacientagt 521 5 meg Haifield...- 1,135 | Moores = aS aa Cheltenham +1202 _ Gexs = S01 O44 Total 083 ce Tso aie rade townships to a] ba Peed Ps one- of the county ‘he population of the 38 county in 1840, was 47,241, and it the remaining = eee > show the same ratio of increase, the po- 808 an 3 pulation wiil be nearly 60,000. OM 2192 1,140 Omo.—Thirty-one counties in Ohio exhibit the os 5580 1T0 following a8 the popu! ation :<- 700 biord ay ss to] 24 16986 = F280 + Te,108 = 8822 6,140 1,633 7,190 «= BIT 177 1970 865. 7,953 12407 88 wT 4648 (1,689 109 rie kT t4 585 88055 = 7.0L A OT Total of 31 counties. Race Counrr, Wis.—The United States Depa- ty Marshall for this covety, has furnished the fol lowing us the official returns of the number of in- habitants in this county, on the Ist of June, 1850; —~ City of Racine Il Town of Roches'r 1,6 Townot Racine.. 780 “ Burlia; oe 7 “ Mt. Pleasant 1,078 “ Yorkville... 8 * Caledonia... 1,003 Norway... 1 “ Raymond... 1,021 Dover. y Manytann.—The following returns are from nine counties in this State, ne | » icladiag the city of Baltimore :-— Cownties. 1850. 1849. Daltimore city. ... 169,125) os das * county 49,0005 194,379 Catoline. ° 9 ONT Harford. ..... 19444 Carroll . Talbot. Frederick. Alleghany Washington. Inerease..... 96,236 Tatvor Covyty, Mo.—The census of Talbot County is »8 follows :—M@e imhabitacts, 9,556; slaves, 1.135—total 13,601, Increase of free inta- bitents since 1840, 1,153, and of slaves. 448; of this inerenee 1,500 is in St. Michael's district. Number of dwellings, 1,64 668 Queen Ann's County, Mp.—The following is the census returng for Queen Anne's eonnty:— white and free blrck inhabitan’ and of families, and 4,271 slaves in the county. For the year eud- | ing Lat of June, there were deaths There are | 1,#65 places of above in th punty; 40 establish | ments of productive try, yiel to $10,000, and § Wwerds annually. s yielding $100 and ¢ RURKE GOUNTY, GA. Free inhat ‘ Slaves... Tetal Death Varin. ceeeec veces Volve of real eatete personal é Total.. opulation... rom June 1, JEFFERSON Free inhabitante...... Slaver. NTY, GA, Total population... b productions, sre devoted to the culture 430,294 to the culture of grain. 39,229 acres of laad of cotton, and Traoxpy IN Ankansas.—The Little Rock Demo crat, of the Sth inst, contains the particulars of fe late tregic occurrence which took place in Jefler- county, Ark , and resulted in the death of two citizens of that county. It appears that Mr. Elzey Taylor, an industrious and hard working citizen, hed mode himself obnoxious by entering some government land on which some of his neighbors had made some improvements, The settiement | took the matter in hand, took Mr. Taylor into cus- | tody, and after cor him, under pain of death, to convey the lands he had eo entered to | the persons who had improvements on them, on the payment by them of the entrance money, they warned him to remove from the settlement. Thio took place some time ago. Recently thé feud broke out afreeh, when Me. ylor, having oec1- | tie go to Pine Biufis on busigess, was followed | or met on his return, on Wednesday week, Oy three men, Anderson Steadman, a Mr. Hoyle, and | Jehn bs. Hogan, all armed with rifles. Taylor was termed with a double barreled shot gun. Perceiy ing manifestations of an attack on the part of hie | pursuers, Taylor alighted from his horse and awaited their approach. Oa getting within a shor: distaner, the two firet named persons discharged their rifles at him, but probably without aay eflect except shooting his horse, which was between him and his aeseil He then retreated ton tree. Steadman and Hoyle advanced on him. when hé fired both barrels of his gua ia quick ane” cession, killing the former on the epot, and infliet- ing fatal wound on the latte hich terminated in his death a few hours afterwards. Taylor mad his escape into the woods. vod had not been heard of up to the Sth inst. The Democrat thinks if Tay- Jor is caught, he will be tess ia r from the law then from the of his neigh? who, it is suppored, will be satisfied with nothing short of his hile. Arrest or Lovrcrove, tae Baut © Foroen. <A decent looking young man reached this etty om Sunday evening, ia the Northern care, and took lodgivg at the Lxchange Hotel. Yesterday aorns ing Mr. Boyden, leosee of the hotel, recognized the young men as being the wentieal individual tr who stood ¢ re, whieh He immediately city of the eiyoumet functionsry at once depated a rest the indixduul designated. The o' tined that duty, and straightway ear g min (who gay "| layor A de h was then transmitted to the Police of Baltiraore, appr arrest, und shortly afygerwarde ap reqhesting the authorities here to detain Lovegrove til # requisition eould be made of Maryland.— Richmond (Va.) 1 Eornrste Coon? of vie Uvrren Sratns, Deo. 2 —Pre- tent as yesterday, and Mr. Justion No 1 Suydam ani Boyd. patotits va RG. Peyton On the motion of Wt. Waiter. of conga Yo the de. fondant thiseaane tom the (ier it Court ot the United States, won diemicred with costs, for the want of at op- tT, under Sich rats of