The New York Herald Newspaper, December 3, 1850, Page 7

THE AMERICAN MIND—BY E. P. WHIPPLE. ‘The winter course of lectures, concerts, and dra- matic readings before the members of the Brooklyn Institute, commenced on Wednesday evening at half past 7 o'clock, the opening lecture being given by E. P. Whipple, of Boston. The lecture was well attend- ed, the room being nearly filled. The lecturer com- menced by saying that the laws and institutions, arts and sciences, commerce and literature of a country were but indications of the national mind. The great nen of a country are also exponents of the national mind. Periclee, Scipio, and Chatham, each presented images of (reece, Reme, and Eng- lend, the countries that produced them. Only great nations cen produce great men, for great minds require great stimulants to call them into ac- vieon. We speak of a Greek, a Roman, and an English mind ; Jet us inquire whether there is an American meneted pn rh are its bg pean amg end ispdenciany, and direction it ites 0 the indi vidual ea We cannot say that u Es inant doesent cued in the same sense that there was a Greek, snd Roman mind, and that there ig now an English mind. The utmost that can be asserted is, that the Plymouth Pilgrime and bi. cavaliers have blended into one national which mind possesses the power of assii en) @ process that is constantly going forward. At present we can hardly speak of more than ten- dencies and t lash of elements. It is a modih- cation ot the English Saxon element, which ab- sorbs all others, aa the Celt and the Dane, and the Padi EA a Sg ne exist here as they are ified. by it. But the veboorbin force is also moat itself by what it absorbs. Every foreign- er that comes into this country is not a mere ab- stract addition to the peppiasion. but is an element infused into the vital blood of the country, produc- ing either injury or good. Thus @ transforma- tion is gradually wrought, which we call a change of sentiment. The American mind in & composite min mposite in the sense of assimilation, and not mere. aggregation, There were two elements origiovaily—ithos+ who came here to repair their estate, and those who were driven here by ecclesiastical persecation. This last, English puri , Was by far the strongest element. It was all character—strong in coury, persistence, and practical Bog It moulded al things to itself, till at length it has beeome greda- ally modified by the infusioa of elemeats from other nations; ey thet, while the Yankee is not fashioned after the pattern of any other nation, he has.a touch of them all—a power to accommodate bimself to them all. A farmer ¢ a mechanic in New England, he is Sam Slick in the proviaces, and he assumes a Protean shape under every new phasg of circumstances. Let him drop dowa from the clouds into [taly or Siberia, he will be equally successful, and the inhabitants will we, out, “Behold the smartest man in creation!” (Laugh- ie and cheers.) There is not time now to discuss Se uestion how this charaeteristic of the ican mind had its root in unaccommodating pire it may be observed, however, that one side of the eran mind was leftopen. In religion it was ad ty, authority, und had no toleration or liberality. In politics it was auda- ciously bold. It had no equal i m Darereupeoiess and its freedom gradually undermined a a potic e ma- theology. Bat we have now to do with tional mind, as it is and as it is likely to be, rather than with the past. The two grand characteristics of the rican mind, as it now exists, are energy and ibility. Work is the test. Not literary work ; for liter: ure is only a fraction of American intelligence ; but of practical skill to the business of “ite. If the intellectual sie ppt jeean Dy pace suse ee Secebania, ae oer f money- were ies more a pee would resound with ilinds and the preseut race of Ame- sing thn ves with sti of no rhs which high cocrmorcial ic commerci: success is achieved, we hall fi pin same quali- ties of mind that matk the ELBE, the poet, the essayist, the orator, and the historian. Is it ob- servation? Mark how he discriminates. {[s it ar- ine ong Watch him ashe connects, link by liak, ¢ long chain of facts which lead to the inducti soundness he stakes his fortune an character, Is it will? Mark, wes the com- mercial hurricane comes | betore it, ae reoleta the blast. Is it Toekisatica ® His on wings that mock the swiftness of the soe flies from pole to pole, aad realizes, with more than tie vision, the coming events which cast their tontowh before. Is it analysis ? ‘With what subtle skill does he trace results to their eauses! There is, in truth, a commercial genius the same Far an artistic or literary genius. The ie ays only ta ma to which it is ied, mode is fereat. The same radical aie energy is"present ia both; there is diversity in the occupations and the direction of the mind. It is in comprehensiveness that nations generally fail. Narrowness is the death of might, and national exctusiveness is ni- tional suicide. For instance, there may be too much devotion to art, to the neglect of the prac- tical aflairs of life. Italy is au example. The Ingher German philosophy is an example of the result of arbitrary goverament, which has denied of thought and expression, except in abstractions. Hence the German is free to ide liberty; but if be speaks a word against a brazen law, which bears a lie on its face, he is dregged to prison to expiate his oilence. He can indul tulge in infidel epeculations, but he mus: not touch po!ttics. He is free to blaspheme God, but not to insult the house of Hapsburgh. As there is a danger that in Italy exclusive devotion to art will deprive the people of the energy which is necessary to sustou art, and as ia Germany trath degenerates into abstractior?, ®» in this country the great danger 18, valgerity and sordidness, and the inordinate thirst for mouey, will destroy all love for ideal beauty, erdiailame individuals with a self seeking whieh will devour national life. The safeguards egainst this, lie in the moral and religious influences with wh ¢b he American is surrounded; but these very ini ueaces become modified by the national character, and religion itself becomes worldly. Two classes have been thrown on the surface by the heavings of American society, violent reform- ers violeat radicals. Both are antagonistic to the na ional characteristics. “The first are come- outers, Who carry the doctrine of free will so far that they think man ean do everything, and they protest against the whole life of society, coadema- ang the entire conerete form of religion and polities, and social existence. But their effort is hopeless. They cannot come out. They cannot me themselves or others from the conmunity he | are held by it just as effectually as if they ‘attempt to leap mio the air, and were drawa back to the | earth by attraction The earth woull say to every | jonsry—If you — my forests cut them if my surface isrugg?d and barren, cultivate you plese dig into my bowels tor hidden treasure ; bat you shall not part from me; if you want to go upon a journey around the sun on your own eccou = like a vagabond, that you i not do, 80 hei avitation Instead of a ‘divine patience,which thesejmen claim, they manifest an impatience with the diviaity. [a fet, their spirit is the very reverse of resting on Providence, who, when he takes a step, an age Pp During the 4 sentiment in full blast, and ie carried to the wi most piteh of extravagance. But I have but one idea of morals, there is another class, the practical, who have but one idea of moaey. ‘The one carries the doctrine of free will to an ex- | treme, the other class refers all things to “‘ manifest * With the latter everything is inevitable dogma is the coiaege of rogues, who calle providence ; énd_they are to be found ¢! ely upoa the frontier. farions ia their patriotiem, and their bombasti rpeeches are ever bedizened with sta ‘eet tae and ai ticipate: ns of the raséal’s ** coming.” (Lavghter.) One of their Jogmes is, * our country, right or wrong;”’ a fallacy at best; for, separate « country from its moral acts and from the — rinciples of justice and trath, and what iu? These men say, they go for the counury whether right or wrong ; but they witl be alwaye found to havea remarkable |eaning to the wrovg rather than the right. | most dowyt the capacity Of the sailor who goes with the tendency of the ebip to go downwards. which leads to the bottomless pit. Il the too ex- eluzive application ot the American mind 'o prac: tical mattets is not checked by there two classes, ont moral and religions imstivations will stay the | xcessive epeed of the moneyocracy. Lut, on the ciber hand, in proportion as this takes place, there with mammon, and industrial prodactioas areex- sagerated, in se and prayers aa the chief bles- ga of Heaven. If we look into American titera- onal rps ssce be Bott cise that it is not so much is inepired as what it inspires Take one of owt — prowe ba hy ey rey ed jostance, is lofty and universal, but he wan ruddy strepgih ind its souree as from the national mu His sey clugiveness, Teciness, a0) gusto ‘he one ae Se eere Yor porend omar y are beaatifal, it is t tit of tt net My 7 ity of America. a vibe nin] Bay dow Ste eotive Reston rene route Longfellow, Bunty mae rom necessity won, Setecion trons eet weet tos | 4 (Roars of lrughter) | This class are | That is a philosophy | ym our religious ministritions, a temporisiog | “mine that wa: ihe et eeehien. Laughter.) It 1s in the la and active pursuits of life, tous Go dmactoch winner sought for. Out — compare favorably with any other Lame ty, as regards their morallng and intelli America has produced three great stateemea ns hough aan Cl and Gulhoun, ‘he last, for such a man can onl oatat the monuments he originated. eater is the most n- sive statesman; Clay, the most weber of thetorician ; Calhoun, the nimbleet,, © of partisan warfare—a kind of Pome S ing! . crea between Nag ee ee ike. gh er.) New Hampshire water power, (laughter,) but it ievithen men oh Maseachuce't Career al pra ve the same great grasp disregard of the means of popularity.” Webser's "s orations have more of passion, and a wider r sweep, but they are not so compact ret character, nor indicate 80 much persistency to an object. Cal- houn ignores everything that does not agree with Be epi oy lf re before and ai re event in princ! events, and arching over the Seanad mental i sion, looks at things from above, and in their rela- tion to each other. Webster has compreheasion without audacity ; Calhoun audacity withou: com- prehension, ebsier has an instinctive con- Poeduouedees’ ig from the very greatness of his intellect oeie keeps him alway eae be right, and leads him to despise minor considerations. Web- ster is inductive ; Calhoun is deductive, and con- verts prophecy into aseience. Burke, test of European statesmen, was remarkable for having made the discovery of deductive laws. But the mischief of Calhoun is, that his will controls his reason; and it may be suid of him, what Macaulay untruly said of Burke, that he chooses his position like a fanatic, and defends it like a philosopher— and we may reverse the sentiment in ropard to Fey! who chooses his position like a philo: er, ddefends it like afanatic. To overthrow Cuhoud yeu must direct a tremendous blow at his centre, ike Napoleon’s army in a certain position—to overthrow Webster, like the same army in an- other neh with the same organization in another posi you must rout the whole line. The style of pest bork shows the power of the men, as waves answer to winds. Clay’s power is of a different kind. His personal qualities attract men’s admiration, while they command their respect. He wins the heart. Tbe secret of his influence is not to be cought in hie printed speeches. If Web- ster is inductive, and convinces the reason, and Cathoun is deductive, and dazzles the reason, Clay is seductive, and carries the votes. (Laughter.) Clay concentrates all his qualities in his person; and, without being a sermaucgne rnd mikes all the demagogues work for him. Like Napoleon, he has the ed of winning and controlling the hearts of millions till he moves ihem like one man. Yet Clay is not a per ribet srecisicn of the class of characters to whic! belon; He does not al- ways exercise his dot Pp petty, or turn it to the best account. A sense of honor, morbidly quick, sometimes urges him into impolitic acts, which destroy the labor of years. The best’ test of greatness in a man, is, how he acts whea he is euriped, Calhoun is apt to lose him- self, and Clay displays a glorious recklessness, while Webster preserves his soul in calm “digmty and patience, and sees the end from i Pe vinning. In_ his style, Wenge is not like Burke's zigzag lightning shooting along the horizon, nor Chat- hem’s thunder pealing overhead, in solemn gran- deur, without the bi y of the electric laid; but, like the flash — crash together, convincing and striking awe into the mind. After adverting to sladerts , which, Mr. Whi |, cursed one portion of the country, while it disgraced all, but would yet find its inevitable doom, the lecturer went on to say:—It is not so much Stee present, as in the = futre, that ——_ jon of American mind be seen. have Obeerved that, at phony ‘ie practical productions are its greatest characteristics; and, in the future, is reason to beheve it will be a comprehensive national mind, harmoniously committee tae quali+ ties of every race—the vivacity of the Frenchman —the frankness of the Irishman--the humor of the Englishman, and the national eheracteristics of every other netion—a mind too sound at the core to be consumed by avarice, or destroyed by power —a mind moving down the pathway of ages, an image of just, ietctheeet, beneficent power. (En- thusiastic applause. ) FINEICAL ASTRONOMY—BY PROFESSOR MITCHELL. Professor Mitchel delivered his fourth lecture on Biblical Astronomy, at Hope Chapel, last evening. The object proposed by the lecturer was to show thet the science of astronomy furnished no data by which to prove that our race has existed longer than the period alluded to in the biblical accouat. He alluded to the term year, as used by the an- cients, who appear to have applied it to differént extents of time; but as to the period in the past to which all astronomical calculations point with cer- tainty, as a time at which astronomical | were firet observed, the longest period w! ean be claimed will only carry us back some six or seven thousand years. In proof ot this, Professor M. quoted the tables and calculations of the Chaldean, Egyption, Hindoo, Chinese, Hebraic, and other astronomers. There are seven of these different calculations, carrying us back to the following periods of time, before the Christian era, viz : 3101 years; 2252 years; 2365 years; 2306 years; F a > 2232 ears; 2245 yea 82 years proof that our race had inhabited the earth more than six or eeven thousand years. The American n Mintater and the | Lord Mayor ff London, At the splendid inaugural banquet, at Guildhall, on Saturday, the 13th ult., to celebrate the instal- ment .in office of the new Lord Mayor, his lord- sale proposed the healthrof the American Minister in the following terms :— ‘The Lond Mavon—It becomes my far pose a toast which Iam sure you will ali receive with acclamation. I believe there never was a period when it was more acceptable to this country, te receive the represemtatives of foreign eae ie Vy it isat the — seut time, when we are at peace with all the world. (Ubeers) [take thie opportunity ot saying. that on the last occasion of dining in this hall. I ‘the plea- sure Of sitting opposite the American Minister, and he did me the honor of saying, that ¥ he lived to thir day, he would be sure to be here, (lear, hear) ils ex- ovllency bad fulfilled his promise. and I am delighted to see him here. with several of hie collesgues. (Hear, hear) I beg (6 propose “the Health of the Foreign Ministers; Iam sure the citizens of London are ai- wayevendy to give them ® hearty welcome. (Oheers ) ie t was drunk armidet = nig | «. the American Mints- now to pro ‘his lordship, that on have had the honor of ~y fa ship Lute be ¥ a8 to be pledge he calls upon 1 beg your iords! acoopt the elt. in pehat wut, for the great hon our heaiths on ‘his occasion. cupled almoet time out of the city of London, (lear) We to our duty our interest. if we the compliment of being Invited to di honored occasion. wich the chiet magistoete ot does exist, or probably ever at earth. (Ubeers) My Lora gteat city of London, which | fy ty oft ? ‘Te te tps gualen ghty olty ’ has made aod created Bat w! | to the city of London i bat a | mation. ot what really belongs 7 lathe beme of f wh distingviched ta the tradermen of 4 ity of intone et ) 2A... ook refuge! ». under t S posteciienred he imager My lord, bes ways be of inedom. both in = Loy 4 mrathein eal the without ray ing « ring! fel relations « xieting bet th the & ) prace but there je somet! ve, then that, We are of the Aogin Sax Say sed BOOKS.—A COMP! wren and crratmene affec ore ea aS pe ae rv a nature. cond edition; cal and Burgi lished in Baris iy cree Ke jan ;" price tr abuse and its de am edi: oa th oe Author o: ty onty-Ree eens bon wor! elionte divenses, Ty srepent suse don Medt= The Pail sale ‘Broadway, gp Ba ro faithfully deeoribed, an in plain cate ‘chapter on Belt ry i isular attentica, ani showla be reed by Sericte'te plovine soienaivis atte the, core Srasting eviews to pial rtontians aay be Fed noo Hae Geeful work. Bt bree larriage, the cian. in letter, wil aix 007 YOUNG, 18% Spru as TeOns ‘to nea, oie Pecks person sendi: Twomey: 7m Fecel ul e city, dont’ think peuionns, er ive one gat char ‘Stringer & Towser Syirenae * pare AN REO hour ide imennatitional efeetions aad de) Y ‘mproper habits I combine medicines w reme’ and can vhowany one there are thourandswho Shap: sooneel LONDON TREATMENT OF PRIVATE DIS by & vegotabli joation without ton by ere without it "as T have gsooe daily, of ‘ permanent havo soutfacaang @ dai; b caustic others use, Niele nes expelling the disesse gnosah. “sy Uiplomes with theca, sh ths hundred ct cor. ens, pe xpab néne oan equal i. You, cured bouts, been a vas naar the other pha tse cove oe hort ete Roltfeon, fe e five years, lity, with efit; aa, Bait ata reel sites in a short eae Tr.) iba La duonT ite smakes « ot cure, Hy Ibis wee ses io. een with 7 rections the Insts a c ane. XX stv" sex, age, oF and purifies ome cnet and very fow L forfeit $3, yan are cured In two deys. WARD —JEEPRIES’ ANTIDOTE, A BPE- 500 ie med ire of disorders. eek—many are cured i BRING, 192 Brod 1 aver ste is Little, aie ee Boats treet, ereet, and at th red dollare. oie oe ee Nee Wore rr ANTIDOTE 1S 4 PER- sateen =e mone ate laste a ne aoiies, vas the vis roprietor will return all Lion etree! IST OF LETTERS hwy a IN TOE NEW YORK Post Office, November 30 Givensnaee RUTUAR OLS eaneeen MAVING THELARGEST cHRCULATH LADY ot the date of phe] Hes ‘a which they are ad- Akin Mary A Austin Min Malil~ Adolphus Mes Sarah Ackerson Mary da J ‘Mrs Eli- Serene iain a, tet aera irs Eli ws AntereliMfiesdane-2 sabeth A ‘Avery Aen Eliza Ayers Mus Mary A Adams Sarah Babcock Mes HB Brodnax Black Miss Virginia aa Mics Bisa daa Blair Mics Mary Ball Mrs B, Pf w nN Boylan Cat Bares Miss Bridget Hever Mes eA Bormager Mra ‘Mrs Henriet pease ices Merta Theat evn Mt Pars Ba Ai Cansedy ni Camp! Sereene me iwary campbeal MiveJane Cooper Calete Cita rs Alice IL Clifton Kachael es Are Day | Mra Moar teWareic ™ Mile me Bridget or 7 er Befnees argoret Dem lrg Mien barah nn Devine Mrs Ann Deseresux Miss Elliott vane au Mine Mery, Eqnn Mrs Mary Ann re 0 Britget See ot Seas ee es seek ¥re ons Knight Mre Edward Ane: Lawr Tray] he Biceer cr los harey Aa Lavinis Fa W acer t Aang tay od ick Mrs Ko~ bell Sarah bin $y Cardon Rael Correll flies Aunie Beasor Miss Aman- Benton M - Setugd Bu tha, be ia Busch Mes Viotori Brown Mi ‘Gos hate ns Sdave Sie fk Me Wal ot SommertoraCathe- _Chakey Mrs Elies- Contin Mist © Gatha- D DonchooMisallelens Devlin Ann Jane Dor N Dewene ab Be ante Dus Danes Daley M Pannell Bete, payigereca Bs Bit Dorgs. rites Borah Dinley sa Cath Delany Catharine ri Dance viele Mes Rosalic E Bon Poonthaatnn Bs ate in Se- iveriy Mas Av- Berwert Mig Mary Prene! sinia i joled Mre BL: Bera: fey Misa, Clinton ) is Judge son Mre Mary Rae meli minh Miss Ca a Snap non Miss Sarah Reonig Mrs je re a Kenny * FaoginerCatharine Prom} Mary E Fiusersid Mie, Wa- Feo —y a Jones Redeooa P Baran Jordan Miss Lith wi Me fize iy, cat ise a Mary idges by id My Evens Miss Maria Miss Mary mn Min, Va-~ ricl jargaget Hesier’ Miss Mary A i'r, G. ‘ Bura- beth Rieniny Wary Boqee Macys, Mester Hogs Mary, Peart 7 wshisey at Pay Anns Hones Mat Bad a ed _ Maee Mrs, Leonard Jug Mise Mary Cor kare Kiely Johanna Kiernan Misscreil » ‘Mire Marg? * Laralisiere Madame pint oh Mes ey pag ‘ash es Ee |B 0 Merritt me Alice B at Movies Brid~ Mec tere a Aecorthy Rilen ysCabe von i susan MsBlavey Mise le! ve} ona in en oy oy ae in pain, Eee et jeCurry Mire Mrs FJ. McMurry Catharine aii Mise ith, Vise esa Monatly ais en storm ton Foes Meath et Mcliuuen Sarah leGivne} 2R0R lewoomd Ji ur Enis oo Karas. oe i John _— Noble Mise Sarah teas Navin Brldett is meen Nocton ty Mary win Nelvon Marx eels Pete Newell Miss nan ey, Ene joCune & Co enn "Fobsans rey Win Biliston Mr Nichole it ra, Nichols Caroline Newuan Rose aed Henry Engels | mL Qeborn Malinda, eee YMire KI- O'Brien Mrs Catha- English & Welsh Bserioh Joa Overton Tipe F \ O'Doachue Miss OBrien Mr, eninge ver Misa i Fatnland Georse O'CessorMrs, Mule she Htamflvon Festa Lawrence at) O : a ty 5 ort ‘Lah hh r is Gi O'Connor Dennis O'Brien Davit es: | one Menescot ny tras ahig ater funnels ceesta” O'Brion Neil OrConnor Hugh Farum € Favre Hypelits SGomtr Dn Ay Patriek Paburd ts Mrs Willian Penning’ ‘ton Mary ae Pete Fraser Axchil Onderdonk MA me N pela ie Joanna] ket ster Bowel on enara Foruuwaten Aso Farwsil Tita mas Yaraiamy Wa sliver Br J et WA Sploa Powers Miss Anne srt ‘Wise Mar- Periora Biviee | Five Wiliam Fielschimauer , ot a Bespin . eres Telt Nalgon, ‘Snoques & Fred’k auch Mr Qaden John 1 we tite n Lie! Quinn Mes, Mott ot Quinn Miss Mary Quinn Margaret French Wim It Osborne Wm R Fenwick Thos Owen Kobe M a Mins Mary Rowan Bre Michael Robbin be | Fecmlee Beary peace Reymond MinsMary Fer eP Mise Julie, Hoblnron Caroline Frsiulander , P Bees te ee HichecauupsClarae oe Reve) re Paschall Be) H Plympton amt 1) MissCath: a Roshe Miss Catha- Fiseher, 5b & Fister ( Coes Parker Py = Parde Watures Reiley Miss Catharine ihn Genren Fitegerald Mr en eee, ri Re amelin® — Rort Mise Mary Saeeeld Stems | petcstos ibid Regaolds Cathorin , Cheat Ross Mrs Mary High flu rae y aba me 5 sue Parkioson biwa Robe ui til at Redden Miss Julia Mowlend Mrs Bliza Formats e pomp spaeshen D| Eagees So aes Robinson Mie W" Kellley Anne ge Flood Al Foran’ Patterson Adam Mar Madame Heilly Bi Bich Miss Emme Floor Hen Fowler WW Pratt Zadock anaes Re: muldaCatbaring Richardson RA jet henry Frost Rdwin. te + Ped pains mgd 2. or aa 5 Fows P r Pelton © Mors Mise 8 —= aed = Flournoy Hon Geo Forhar: Silvester Phelan J StJebn Mex Dorcas, Simons Mra Hf Shon Margaret Flewer William = Flynu Jona. W see Sennen Miss Mae Beads Core Fwllerton John, Fuller Nelwoa Flynn J'S Petero Brn: Porkine wet ef regi tS ari oy eo Furguson David Puller J utter Perez Baldomer “eavathanielS Perdew John seen? 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