The New York Herald Newspaper, November 9, 1850, Page 2

1s now certain, and that his resignation will take plack before the meeting of the Legislative Assem- bly. General D’Arboaville and General Schramme are spoken of as likely to succeed to that office. M. Guizot, it is said, will offer himself as a candi- date for the department of the Cher at the election which isto take place in the course of next month. The Count of Chambourg is said to have ad- @ressed a letter to some of his friends Ne ey exe pressing his {decided opposition fof the prolonga- tion of Aaa of the President of the French lic. re stated that a soeiety has just been formed at Rotterdam for the establishment of a regular steam eommunication between that city and New York, the service to commence in May or June next. The favorable accounts from India and America have given a decided impulse to our manufacturers, and the accounts from the consuming districts are highly satisfaetory. Money continues abundant. The rates of dis count moderate. Bullion in the bank increasing. United States securities steady. Cotton hed advanced in the Liverpool! market jd. on all clases of American. Sales of the week 38,390, of which 11,650 were for export and specu- Jation. Quotations were firm. Orleans, Sjd.; faiy Uplands and Mobiles, 8d.; Middlings, 7/d. a7 Lb 1d. The demand for cotton at the Havre market, on the 24th imst, was regular. Prices very tirm.— Sales to 2 o'clock, 1,337 bales. 7és-ordinaire New Orleans, 115f. to 116f. The Corn market was firm; Indian corn, (yel low,) was in demand at 293., and white, if good, much sought for at 30s. Iron remained about the same as the previous week. The people of Samos have rebelled against the ‘Sultan, and the sons of Ibrahim Pacha are quarrel- ling about the division of their father’s property. The Paris correspondent of the Times states that the wine growers find that produce is better than had been expected. In general the quality of the wine is infe there are some exceptions. In the Charante it appe tha: suflicient casks can- not be found for the produce, and that the quality wsaticfactory. Inthe Crleanais and Beaugency, beth cuantity and quality are equal toa fair average year. The same observation will apply to Avignon and the neighboring distric's. The market at Ber- cy is still firm. Large quantities of wine continue te arrive there from the Loire, Burgundy, the Or- leanais, and Auvergne. The Madrid aeronaut, when preparing, on the th ult, for his aeriel voyage over Europe, to con, vince the world that a baloon can be guided in any directioS, found alarge rent in the silk. The voyage has, therefore, been delayed for some weeks. It is by the Times. I subjoin you the article, which, as jt emanates from the foreign office, is of great im- portance, as giving the view taken by the English government. The Globe of the 24th says:— ‘A morning cotemporary has published what pur- ports to be a narrative of the proceedings at a cabinet council held yesterday, We are told that the minis try met to deliberate on certain announcements made by the Rursian and French governments. Those an- nouncements concerned the intentions of the two were, respectively, to invade Silesia and the Rhenish Frontier, unless Prussia frankly gives ever the encou- Tagemenc she still holds out to the insurgents in Hol- stein. It was added, that our the rubstitution for these wa asures of a re- monstrance to be addressed separately by each of the three powers to the court of Prussia. This latcer state- ment can be only alucky guess, strengthened, per- haps, by such in! ation as was at the disposal of the French and Kussian embassies. Assuming the accu- racy of the step stated to haye been teken by the lat- ter, it waseasy to reckon on the only answer t! could be made by an English government. We shall not dwell upon the causes which would na- turally disincline the Euglish cabinet to entertain any | such éxtreme proposition as is said to have been laid before it. Nor need we point eut the obvious interest of two conservative powers in placing their attack on aruspected neighbor on the most plausible aud popu- lar ground. It is enough for us that the conduct of the Prussian court has given too much justification for the measures ut present in agitation, and that if the sword were drawn by Russia and France, it weald be drawn in defence of teeaty obligations and guaranteed hts * y the treaty of last July the contracting pow bound themselves to do all in their power to puta the war raging beyond the Eyder, The King of Denmark was permitted by that treaty to reduce Schleswig by arms, but notto enter Holstein withoat & previous appeal to the German confederation That ty has now received the ratification of all the Ger- governments. Butas yet the King of Denmark has borne all its burden, and reaped none of its ad- = s 3 vanta; Yielding to the solicitations of an ally, who nxious to respect even the exaggerated sus- ceptibilities of Germany. he bas refrained from calling on the confederation to use even its preliminary efforts for the reduction of Holstein. Ile bas scrupu- lourly respected the frontier that separates the Duchier; while his antagonists have had full liberty of entering Schleswig, and retiring behind the Eyder to refit and recruit themselves on ground which a care- for the treaty of July bas rendered sacred from @ | Danish foot Meantime, ean Prussia be fuirly said to | have done her best. or anything like it, to carry out the treaty’ General Willisen, the commander of the insurgent army. is a Prussian, Not u day passes wit! out the spectacle of some hundred Pru: soldiers, in full uniform, crossing the frortier to st in the | Holstein army. Out of the sixteen officers in one re- giment who fell in the k om Fredrichstadt, no fewer than eleven were the Prussian rervice. At this moment an office isopen in Berlin, under the very eyes of the Pruseinn cabinet, for the enlistment of volunteers for Schleawiy-Holstein. All this, we say, is so eminently discreditable to a power which has ledged itself to endeavor to restore the peace between enmark and the Duchies, that we need not wonder if other courts stize upon so weak a point in the charac- ter of a rival. Prance and Russia hold themselves bound by the treaties of the Inst century to guarantee Schleswig to the King of Denmark, and operations for the maintenagce of that gua 4 certainly not be met as violations of national law. We deeply regret that the Prussian government has | failed to discover how powerfully their connivance at the continued prosecution of the war in Holstein tends to alfenate Eaglish sympathies. Pr be | quite eure that the public opinion of Eng! and has all | slong been adverse to the German invasion ef the Duchies. She may also be sure that the English go- yernment will never acquiesce in the reduction of Den- mark to # position of «uch insignificanceas wauld, vir- stated that the ascent of Moatemaynor, who aa- mounces that he has discovered a certain mode of directing a balloon, is now fixed for the 19th of No- | vember. He will ettempt to proceed from Madrid 10 London. The Moniteur publishes a decree of the Presi. dent of the French Republic, makiog forty-four promotions amonget the captains and lieutenaats of the national navy. The Neapolitan government has given an assu- | wance to the Helvetic Confederation that the Swiss who suffered from the bombardment of Messina, | shall be indemnified on the same footing as the ci- tmwens of other nations ‘The cholera has again broken ov Sweden, and at Alexandria. jenna, in The Débats announces two new works from the | pen of M. Guizot, to be published at the end of this month. The first is entitled ‘Monk: Fall of the Republic, and Re-establishment of the Monarchy im England, in 1660.” The second is “ Washing- ton: Foundation of the Tepuvtte uf the United States of America.” Thej Moniteur du Soir announces that a grand ournament is to take place in the Champ de Mar, +t Paris. Fifty horsemen, armed cay-d-pred, are to figure at this representation Che establishment ot the Dominicans in France hae been canonically recognized by the Pope. Many strangers resident ence, whom the government considered as suspicious, have had passports delivered to them. In the Sardiaian dominions there are 6,820 monks and 2,340 n that is, one monk for every 670 in- babican nd one nun for every 1,645, The line of electric telegraph between Vienna and Pesth, in Hungary, has just been terminated, and immediately placed at the disposal of the public. The tariff for the transmission of de- epatches by this line has been fixed as follows:— By day, 50 words, 3 florins; from 51 to 100 words, @ florins; from 100 to 200, 9 florios. By night the prices are doubled. The number of isolators used tele- this year in the construction of electric gtephs in the Auetrian States exceeds 40,000. The Duke of Palmelia expired at Lisboa on the | 32h instant, after a long and painful illness Our London Correspondence. THE STATE OF EUROPE Lonpon, Oct. 25, 1850. gence-- Anticipated War Mighly Impaitant Inte in Evwrope—Threatened Partition of Prus Aititude of Rusa and France—Afairs inthe French Republic, $5 $5 The intelligence | have to transmit to you present mail, fa moet important chara no time since the last French revolutio urope been so critical as at the present It is still to be hoped that the peace of urbed ; b wtateot coment. Europe will not bs pon of war is loade which the slightest touch w France mvet cede the st P at the deadly -wea- on a hair trigger, tof day in point of im- portance to the affairs of The duration of the war between Denmark and the Duchies, favored by Germany, in face of & treaty of pes signed with Prussia, with no prospect of a cession of bloodshed, has a! length induced two of the great powers to takea mest important and seriovs step with regard to Pressia. Other political motives have doubtless urged them to do so. France and Rusna have th eavened te enter Germany, sword in hand, tf the peoce with Denmark is not speedily acted upon ac. wong (o the treaty,and the London prote n Wednesday afternoon last, a cabinet council wee held at the foreign office. The following Ministers were present :—Lord John Russell, Lord Lord Chancellor, Marquis of Lansdowne, Sir George Grey, Varl Grey, Sir Francis Bering, (First Lord of the Admiralty,) Mr Labouchere, © quis of Clarri What took 1 wae con ed to the Times, which jovraal nex lished the following :— The cabinet, which would not sem bled till the 6th of a very short notice, on a question of consider: geney. The dircracoful conduct of Prussia. tab to protect the Schivswig-Holetein war, not only i of © treaty of peace with Denmark, but « ‘under cover of th nd by means of tos very natural ight almost say legiti t Russia John Hobhouse, and the Mar- jcat= morning ptb- Tem ptorily reqri gegement with De: she still continues In the event of ravonable demar tack it, not by dispute, but ine ime ry npr aitalle h to the tervitery wader fy an ay more congenial to their tastes m of the Silevion provinces ef Prussia on side and the Rienish on Ue other. In the first instance, however, they require the co-operetion of England in the remonstrance with Prussia, w thout which they are gt pecpeens to move at present. The answer of the British government may perhaps be anticipated. Tt declines te Joh with Russie nat bramee in e ribed, but vores that all three A. shall sep: present breach of mm: Whether their triple rem ee avail than ail the rest of the dij lavished on thie affeir, i* a question wh) not venture to give an opinion. ‘The funds immediately declined 3Sths, and | there will be a similar depression elsewhere. The Globe, which is Lord Palmersion’s organ, came acy that has on whieh we | the army asa sol | as a Chevelier of the Legion of Honor. tually, make her a dependent Russian principality. Engl has already mn abundant proot of her | good will to her constitutional and Protestant ally. ‘e bave done 60 by dissuading the King of Denmark from attempting the military conquest of Holstein. | We have done so a second time by Pee es remonstrances for the measures recommen by France and Russia. But Prussia may depend that this good will on our part will not be perpetually avail- able to silence the just complaints of other powers eryerseverance inanytbing but a straightforward and honest policy can only end in her being subjected toa ogreeable pressure on the part of France and Rus hich, with all tts favorable dispositions, the English cabinet cen have neither the will nor the power to prevent, All the morning papers of to-day, (Friday,) de- vote leading articles to the subject, and copy the | article from the Times. | England, you observe, refuses to use @ threat | towards Prussia, being aware that Russia and France mxke the Danish peace a pretext for fur- thering their own ulterior views. The invasion of the Rhine provinces by a Freach army, would be moet popular in France and smacksof the Empire. Louis Napoleon might then count upon the army to euppert him. Kuesie has had am eye before this to the Silesian provinces. N However this may be, Ido not hesitate to say, hat nothing will tend so much to unity in Germany © this threat, ifcartied into execution. You will re~ member how in IM, when there was a ramor of an invasion of the Kheinish provinces of F the py r feeling manifested itself ia every of Germany, It was then thet Becker wrote is eelebrated song— fie sallen tho nicht haben, Den trien deutschen Rhein &>., for which Louis of Bavaria, (the ex-king,) pre- sented hin with a beautifully chased goblet ia 1. [was in Germany, at the time, and will 10n of feeling then evinced. Jeive Germany from her ia- Rae , ternal cinbarrassments. it would be wrong to draw any hasty conclusion as to what will take place—the spirit of peace is strong ia this century. The more prepared States | are for wer. the less chance is there of it. Se vis pacem, para bellum, was ne’ so fully exempli- tied, as it nes been within the last twelvemooth, The other question—which is one of civil war— has also reassumed an ugly appear. Slector retains Hassenpilug; he will passive resistance of his sub- jects st./l remains within the bounds of constit tional Jegeiiiy. Austria and Prussia have two pow. | erful armies ready to advance ata month’s notice Suxony, and Wurtemberg, are equally ” pared for every eventu Austria, b »y thene three latter stat to enforce the ir ctioas of the Di seia is equally deiermined to oppose decided, in a cabinet council, at Vienna, that if the lleeter diabdieated, Austria should oc. cupy the Electorale, at all risks. The question has been referred to arbitration—t nv eror of pon himself the office of nv ; Count Neaselre J zenderg, (Au Breudenbdarg, (Prussia;) purpese, at Warsaw The latest advices from Lerlin are up to the 224 Everything.as regards Hesse Cassel us Ine recent cabinet council, held at tor. hia ad ” x @;) have met for this melusive. rince of Pruesia (heir to the crown) neelf warmly in favor of opposing , if necessary. 10 Hanover the has resigned. This is so far im- portant, as the new munistry will, it is said, be favoredle to Austrie, which will throw the balance fecidedly in her favor. It will then be Austria, Bavari Saxony, Wurtemberg and H. evoinst Prussia and the small States. From France the inteliigeoce of th second only in importance vo the facts relat the commencement of my letter " The Alpha and Omega of the French political vIshabet, et the present moment, are Louis Napo- leon and General Changarnier ‘The first fears the latter. The bribe of @ marshal’e baton hav been offered to the General in vain. The General keeps hie views to himself, and sides with the Assemodly— in appearance at least—and will, it is said, oppose the proloa, on of the powers of Louis Napoleon Some say he hopes the prestdential powers will be conferred upen himeelf, General d’Hautpoul, the Minister of War, has been removed to please Changarnier. This is looked upon as @ defeat of Lows Napoleon, who did oll he could to prevent it. It was General 4'Hautpoul, you will remember, who allowed the reviews at Setory an reailles when the Assembly refueed the funds, General Changarmier is re- garded as the representative of the party of order in France. _ He is « cure upon the prancing ambition is Napoleon lve for hia wounded dignity, General nl hes been appointed ‘iovernor-(jeneral ia, He is suceseded in the war office by General Schramme. He is the son of a genera officer, who distinguished himself in the wi of the empire, and has always borne the character of being a good n and ink man,” as well asa good officer. So highly was he considered y Louis Philippe that he made him a peer of France, and as far back as 1827 he was placed by Marahal Mai- son, then Minister of War, in the important pe sition of -hef du persomel dela guerre Fort several years past he has been president of the infantry post which he has retained to the notwithstanding the revolution. Philippe, General time, tly before the fall of Lowi atame Was spoken of as well known that M. Guizot offered post, and that he refused it. The military career of General Schramme is very siogular. He entered ier at the early often yea At sixteen, he was decorated on the field of battle , He wasa Colonel of the Imperial (oard, an officer of the Legion of Honor, and a Barow of the Empire at twenty-two, and at twenty-three he was a general. Before being created a pect, he was ea member of | the Chamber of Deputies, and although | irector- | General of the personel of the he opposed the government on the question o! ettempt et insurrection Strashourg. dismissed from his for that vote, but itis able that to it he owes his present promotion. We is eaid to be devoted to Changarnier. M. Persigny has returned to i This private ambassador of [. it is said, the department of the Cher. He will, in all proba- bility be returued. Nearly four hundred of the members of the Assembly have already arrived in aris. The section of the Centre railroad from Neron- des to Nevers, was opened this week. The total length of the line between Paris and Nevers is 304 kilometres, or 76 leagues, viz :—From Paris to Or- leans, 122 kilometres; Orleans to Vierzon, 80; Vierzon to Bourges, 32; Bourges to Nerondes, 33; and Nerondes to Nevers, 32 This distance was gone over by the trains in 7} hours. There are several very fine works of art on the section just ned; the principal one is the bridge thrownover the Loire, and on which the line passes into Ne- vers. It is constructed of cast iron, on a plan somewhat similar to that of the Pont du Guronsel, each. with seven arches of pia two Sep Ley (Thurs. place A novel ceremony too! d day) in the chapel of the palace of St. Cloud. The President of the Republic administered the oaths to the three French cardinals recently created by the Pope, and presented them with the cardinals hat and the robes of office. The prelates in ques- tion wore the civil costume of their dignity, viz Diack coat, with red buttons, black breeches and red stockings. In presenting the iasignia of office, the President addressed a short complimentary speech to each of the cardinals. The Pope’s nun- cio, the ministers, amt a large body of the superior clergy, were present. r a England, rd chi i is the aspect of foreign politics. is now anxiously watched by speculators. Yester- f topic in commercial circles ‘The turn of events day the market for stocks was very heavy. The deficiency im the cotton crop ia the United States, and the uncertainty of the crop in India, has be- come a matter of serious consideration. The at- tention of the government is directed towards the cultivation ef cotton in our own (British) colonies, to provide against such deficiency. As I foretold, the a aye of Cardinal Wiseman to the see of Catholic Archbishop of Westminster, which has been followed by the promulgation of a peat bull, ee twelve Roman Catholic Bishops in England, namely :— Bishopric of Southwark, Bishopric of Liverpool, Bishopric of Birmingham, Béshopric of Plymouth, Bishopric of Nottingham, Bishopric of Beverley, Bishopric of Salop, Bishopric of Clifton, Biaboprie ot Salford, Bishopric of MerthyrTydvil, Bishopric of Northampton, Bishopric of Newport, has raised a regular storm in Englard. The ‘‘map- ping out” of Queen Victor dominions by the Pope, as it has been styled, is universally censured by every organ of public opinion in England. A meeting has been announced to take place shortly in Exeter Hall, to take the subject into considera- tion. London is filling ; all the ministers are ia town, and members dropping in fast. The Queen and Prince Albert are still at Osborne, in the Isle of Wight, since the death of the (Jueen of the Bel- aged They see little orjao company. The court as gone into mourning for three weeks. mi On Friday last two carrier pigeons, taken by Sir John Ross when he left the port of Ayer, in Scot- land, returned. He was to let them loose in the event of his finding Sir John Franklin, or of being frozen in. The birds arrived within a short time of each other, but without any letter. One of them had a string ; the document was shot away, the bird being wounded. Sir John Ross has three other pigeons with him. Gibson, the sculptor, is to execute the statue voted by the House of Commons to the memory of the late Sir Robert Peel, and which is to be placed in Westminster Abbey. On Tuezday afternoon, the cotton factory of Messrs. Allan, Havghton and Brother, at War- rington, was completely destroyed by fire. _ Our latest advices from Madrid are to the 19th inst. In my last, | informed you that the rumored retirement of Narvaez was incorrect. The subse- quent advices confirmed my statement. There is no chance of his going out. The itive Slave ‘the United States. [from the London Post, October 23) Some of the characteristics of juries are illas- trated indirectly and incidentally by the important law entitled the Fugitive Slave bill, which was recently passed in the Fedral Legislature of the United States. Until the introduction of this bill the slave-owners were obliged to resort to a species of legal machinery which was found quite ineffi- cient for the recovery of their abscending bonds- men and bondewomen When the fugitive was at length tracked to his place of refuge in one of the free States, the owner or the owner’s agent, asit ight be, on claiming the individual, was met bya refusal to return. To effect by poke what could not be otherwise managed, the claimant had to recur, of course, to the authority of the courts of law. Here the great question was the identity of the #! end, as @ question of fact, it belonged to the m of ajury. Ina free State, a jury composed of men warmly prepossessed against the whole system of slavery, and often formally pledged to effect the abolition of it, would naturally have all their sym- patbies enlisted on the side of the poor runaway, and their keenest antipathy excited against his pursuer. Certainly, sympathy and antipathy were not supposed to be the preper grounds for a verdict. The jury, too, pronounce by virtue, as it is said, of their oaths Nevertheless, it so happened that the slaveowners were exceedingly dissatistied with these verdicts. tt were invariably against the claiment; inveriably they ignored the iden- tity of the respondent. This could not be borne for ever by the slave-owner The increasing activity of the abolitionists rendered the case more intolerable, for, in proportion as the enemies of slavery became more and more stirring, the slaves fled from their masters more and more frequently and readily. The owners, contiaually baulked ia the. attempt to regain possession of them, and unable in many instances to prevent their fight and their evasion into the free territory of the Union, proposed end carried a law which entirely alters the mechinery for recovering the fugitiv Instead of the before required verdict of a jury, en their oaths, all that is now necessary is the oath of the claimant himself. Oa the strength of this species of ideatification, the un ortunate slave is surrendered: by the har- boring stete, and handed over to the control from which he bed fled with horror. Already the new regulations have been enforced with unreleat- ing strictness, and the slave owners are enjoying @ mei | identi and ostentatious triumph. As far as the cation of ihe fugitive is coucerned, no rea- doubt can be entertained that, in most the new test of the ciaimant’s affirmation is ied to be practically eflective. The chief « ection to such a witness is almost a confession of his sufficiency. That objection would de, that he is a party interested in a principal degree ; or, in other words, that he is the owner of the slave whom he claims. Thisisthe precise point which alo to be decided. Either, there fore, the witne’ jectionable, or else the owner is confessed, an: case iscomplete. We need notsay that these con- tideretions leave the question of slavery itself, the iNicitners or the allowableness of the system in- trinsically, and the rights of the bondmaa, or those to which his master pretends,altogerher untouched In the case of an escaped slave, the pout which it is the object to ascertain in the United States is merely whether the individual «lleged to have fled be or be not the same. And itis a suggestive fact no satistactoyy solution of this simple question could be wring from the indignant jories before whom it was tried for so many years. These tribu- nals, influenced by many high and general con- siderations, and transported by the feelings of their hearts, could notcontine their attention to the simple and single fact which they had to oetermine. They saw before them the oppzessor and his victim, nit two parties between whom there was but one issue, whetber the first wasor was not the person whom the second declared and ef firmed him tobe. ‘The jury saw before them a wretch who had just escaped fi what they con- sidered most iniquitous and horrible afflictions, and who stood tremblingly wuitiog to learn from their verdict whether he was or was not to be again consigned to unrighteous and remorseless tortures; whether, being 2 man, he was to be treated as a beast of burden, and aecounted among the least regarded kind of cattle. In fine, the jury, instead of eummarily declaring a naked fact between claimant and respondent, sat in judg- ment on a vast system of politics and a high ques tion of ethics and philosophy. They forgot that they had merely to say whether such a man was Cornelivg, and replied virtually, that Cornelius ovght not to be aslave This species of confusion of ideas could hardly assume a more amiable form ; but men on their oaths ought not to confound with other points, however seducing and however noble, the epecial point which they have taken those oaths to determine. Yet juries are famous for these wanderings from the case in hand into the realms of sympathy and theory, and it really is not sur- prising that their jurisdiction has been set aside by the influence of the slave owners in the matter of theee melancholy investigations. ceedir last. ‘bis company, it will be remembered, had sunounced the re of reports from Mr. James Palmer, “an eminent engineer,” whom they had sent out, and who found himself in a district of “immense riches” on the Stanislaus river, over whieh he had obtained an exclusive r the benefit of the shareholders Thie rig! ured from « Ceptain Tremaine, of the / ates urmy, who wes to receive £1,000, ity of w'third of the produce. “I, or querts, {0 ated. with wl, ft chi thiekly to hed as evidences of the wealth of mine, and the title to it was “as secu that of of the hest tenures held in | on the 12th ult., im the trans; tion with them, would, however, have been suffi- cient to prevent even the most eredulous from being long deluded, but for an arrangement which the directors hed contrived to make with Sir Henry Vere Huntley, of whose good faith people enter- tained no doubt. Sir Henry sailed some months back, at the head of nine Cornish miners, and the company have letely (been advertising that they have received most flattering despatches from him. It now appears, however, that on his arrival, he learnt that no such person asas Mr. Palmer or Sarteis Tremaine was known, and that the lo- cality of the mines, of which the London directors had issued a lithographic drawing, was equally undiscoverable. Under these gen nig ® Sir Henry has permitted the miners to hire them- selves eut to another company—the Mariposa—who coolly propose to amalgamate with his London friends upon receiving the sum of £100,000 for con- ceding them that privilege. As the amount thus required would merely purchase the right for the nine Cornish miners to work ina particular spot, without furnishing the slightest guarantee that the proceeds of their labor s! be handed over by them to their emyloyers, and as these miners, if they pre- fer working on their own account, have nothing to do but to use their practical skill in selecting a loca- lity for themselves, the nature of the offer and the present condition of the shareholders may be easily appreciated. Sir Henry Huntley appears to have been asmuch deceived as they have been; but at the same time he must be open to the reproach of having by his name given support to the scheme by which they have suffered, and the real character of which he might previously have ascertained by the slightest inquiry. Anticipated heres = “gaa ne with Eng- jand. From the London Shipping Gazette, Oct. 24.) The large amount of British shipping which is now trading to San Francisco demands some at- tention at the hands of our government. It has been long knewn that the mene of our shipown- ers and traders has been subject to all kinds of extortions, violence, and other lawless conduct, at California; and yet, with the large amount of trade carried on there, the British government has not thought it worth while to appoint a British Consul to protect the property of our merchants and ship- owners ia that locality. It might be truly said, in this case, that ‘they manage these things better in France,” whose shipping, it should be remem- bered, is of far less meguitude than ours. There isa French Consul at San Francisco, who is ac- tively employed in the protection of French pro- perty and French citizens. i We have been favored, by a highly respectable firm in the city, with the following extract from a rivate letter on the subject, which, we trust, will fave the immediate attention of our goverament:— “ Baw Francisco, Cartronnta, Sept. 1. “There are now about 750 vessels in pe-t, of which WO are British. Everything, as respects shipping, is in of destruction here. I have had to pay each of six dollarss day for discharging cargo; and, being unable to norm BP in consequence of the lighters not being alo: , L “declined to pay for that day; in consequence the men all left, and I have since been summoned for the whole of their wagesforthe voyage. The inferior court has already decided against me. but I have been advised to appeal to the Supreme court, which I intend doing. The British ship of war Dedalus bas recently arrived here, but the Captain is unable to render me any assistance. It is @ most shametul thing that there should be no British Consul attbis port. There is @ French Consul here, who is bp ‘a very active part on behalf of French su e die] ritish bark Gloucester, ot nearly 300 tor of under ution for $1,000; an ie hip Chateaubriand, of 1000 tons register, also ution, for $1,000. It is generajly con- sideredhere that this wholess! confiscation of ship- ping will lead to difficulty between the British and United States governments.” < Important from Spain. THE COMPLICATED £TATE QF RELATIONS BETWEEN SPAIN AND THE UNITED STATES—THE AMERICANS TAKEN AT CONTOY. {Correspondence of the London Chronicle} _ Maprin, Oct. 15.—The latest accounts received here, respecting the Cuban question, and the rela- tions between governments of Spain and the United State, grewing out of it, are of a gloomy character. The negotiations have been chiefly carried on at Washington ; but the goverameat here is not satisfied with the manner in which their envoy at Washington has conducted them; and a short time since there was even a question of re- moving him, for waat of energy, Xc.; and a note was uansmuitted to him, for presentation to the ‘overnment of Washington, of such a character fat, had it been left to his d tioa, Senor Cal- deron de la Barca would probably not have sent it in. This gentleman had been lefi for a long time without any instructions, and, in the critical cir- cumstances in which he was placed, it is stated to have been his object, as far as possible, to avoid whatever might irritate American susceptibility, and efford a pretext for picking & quarrel—and this, under the a conviction that a quarrel, for which anything like a@ legitimate pretext was fur- nished by Spain, would be welcomed, more or, Jess, by all parties im the United Stat and, in fact, it is the opinion of those dest acquainted with he ectual state of things, that, however diplom: cy may stave it off for 4 time, uarrel will inevi- tably gr q\ ion at last. The ministerial journals here hailed the advent ot Mr. Webster's cabinet to power, as if Caba was quite safe in consequence of this event, and ia- vished their praiges on the new President of the Union as they had on his predecessor shortly be- ore. But they are now aniog to assume a different language ; and the Espana to-day hasa long article, the object of which is to show, from a mulutude of considera ions, that there is no de- pendence to be placed on the policy of Mr. Web- cubinet, * the * astonishiag lenity” of which towards the conspirators against Cuba it explains by the position of the American goverament, and the power which popular feeling and natioual desire of aggrendisement possess in that eowatry Without discussing the merits of the £spaha’s view of the case, | believe that those who have the best knowledge of the subject consider that, if any tenable ground be afforded for it, all Americans will found on the same side on this que . All desire Cuba, more or less; and those who would not sanction an invasion by cdventurers in a time of peace, might con- sider a quarrel, for which a good pretext was fur- nished them, as rather a godsend thaa otherwise ; and it has been, therefore, the policy of Sewor Cal- deron de In Barca to steer as wide as possible from ich a rock ahead. The Spanish government, trusting probably to the large force, naval and mili- tary, Which they are eccurnulatiog in Cuba, and also, perhaps, to the prospect of forming European liances in case of need, are taking a higher tone; dl eee one of the New York papers, as quoted Espoha, alludes to @ report that “ Spaia, ia ficial communications with this country, has ‘ tone to which we cannot give way with honor. Count Mirasol left Cuba for Spain on the lth ult., ina eailiog packet. General Eana, ajpointed second in command in Cuba, arrived at the Hivana rt ehip Sactacilia, with Brigadier Pavin, Colonel Lagos, aud several other officers, and 320 rank and file. Generals J. ~ a#ymerich, Manzano, and other chiefs, destined for Cuba, arrived at Cadiz on the 10th, to taken for say, sell it to the best advantage w and pey off your debts with the proceeds; but this is regarded as infra dig. by the men in power, who have proclaimed by their chief o} that Cuba shall be either Spanish or African—a dependent co- lony, or a second St. Domingo. The sentence possed at the Havana on the American captains teken at Contoy, wili probably coatribute to the complication of affuirs between the two govern- ments Manni, Oct. 16.—It is confidently stated in the best informed quarters that the government here have sent off orders to the authorities of Cuba, to suspend the carrying into effect the sentences passed ae some of the Americans taken at Contoy,and that there is reason to hope that this cause of strife wil be ultimately got rid of by ther beg set at liberty, asthe great majority have already been. By this step of the Spanish Government, time is lowed for negotiation, at all events ; while there is very little doubt that the execution of the sentences would have been immediately followed by the most serious consequences. It is said that a long correspondence has taken place on the subject be- tween Mr. Barrin, and Senor Pid i that matters had approachod at one ume very near toa rupture. ‘one of the journals here have alluded to this part of the Cuban question, to which | have more then once ever They contine themsel denouncing Lopez and his American coadjutors, who are plotting future invasions, which the Ame- rican government is believed to be very desirous to prevent; while, but for the prudent resolution now taken, the two nations would be plunged into ® war, without the Spanish public having the = at ) Tevious knowle f what was going on ntander letter of the Lith says that 1,200 men to embark at port on 16th for nds, to join there the forees sent and ©. that the vessels m are ready to receive teviewed on the 12th at Cadiz for embar- which was to take place very shortly; a Concha —— with the Lae who aceeinpany bin, expected to veina stesmer on the 15th. Td t of the London Times.) Maprip, 19.—All the | journals here, of every shade and color, are furious at the indifference with which the government of the which are to conve; them. General J. of §) uiring the States of the rire to pessne stash eat dines for the restora- tion CA i pores, bere, fd two ountries. ate u ‘astil! sailed om the 13th n the Do d t from the port of Te: na, having on boa detachment of artillery. the ‘Geese’ Te t a r This vessel is bound for Cadiz, to join the expedition Fg the London Mernii for Cuba. Chronicle Oct. 22,} ‘he recent legislation of the American on the subject of slavery is producing im jiate results, The measure dto strengthea the constitutional provision for the extradition of “per- sons bound to labor,” became operative on recetv- ing the President’s assent; and it has already been enforced in one or two instances, of which we can- not read without pain, or without a lively sense of the destructive agencies which, though mitigated for the time, are still working to disintegrate the composite structure of the great federation. ‘There was a period, as old Americans tell us, when a feeling: widely diflerent from that which manifests itse! i at present, prevailed in the South- ern States regarding the escape of a slave. In those days the planter gave his negroes law. If one of them ran away and was recovered, he was flogged, or worse; but if he succeeded in crossing the border he had regained his na- tural rights, and the owner left him alone. The int of view seems, however, to have ahited, concurrently with that singular alte- ration of sentiment on Fs ey 8 relating to slavery which has been developed in the South within the last half century. As a susceptible pride in its domestic institutions took the place of regretful acquiescence in an navoidable evil, the flight of a negro assumed a different aspect; and of late years the activity of the abolition societies in enticing away the slaves, and the tacit coun- tenance which the free States accorded to these proceedings, have excited the fiercest resentment among the Southern proprietary. At the instance of their sister governments, the Southern legis- latures on the border waoniee the severest pre- cautionary enactments, and, with the aid of pri- vate vigilance, they maintained a systematic watch for fugitives from the Delaware to the Mississippi, particularly in the vicinity of the two great routes which conduct northwards from the South-through Cincinnati and Baltimore. In spite, however, of all the measures of the unserupulous oligarchy, the annual average of escaped negroes was extraordinarily large. Once across the fron- tier, the runaway was virtually safe. The fede- ral constitution declared, indeed, that his mas- ter’s right to his services should not be ex:in- guished by his flight—but then he was always en- ttled prma facte to the local privilege of the ha- beas corpus, and the question of identity, which was instantly mooted on hi3 being brought up, had to be determined, like other questions of fact, by a jury of Northern citizens. I[n hardly a single instance has such a jury deen known to return a verdict in favor of the owner. The power of re- claiming a fugitive negro had, in truth, ceased to exist, and multitudes of colored persons were at large in the great Northern cities, whose sole title to freedom was the impossibility of success- fully attacking it. But the measure just passed by Congress deprives these unhappy men of their only safeguerd. It withdraws from local jurisdiction and from the cognizance of jurors, any claim which may be advanced to their persons. A citi- zen of a Southern State, after making oath that such or such an individual is his slave, may ar him at once on Northern ground. The case is then brought before the District Court—a tribunal ich, In subordination to the Supreme Court of nited States, sdjeceee interprovincial ques- and administers the imperial law of, the Union—and it is decidedly summarily, on affida- vits, by the presiding fusctionary, who may bea Southerner, and who, at all events, is little affect- ed by the public opinion of the locality. Unfortunately for the tranquility of the Union, the three or four colored persons who were first selected for arrest and coudemnation appear to have been long in the enjoyment of liberty, and long settled in the ps where they were seized. Itis ible that they may have owed the misera- ble distinction of priority to the facilities for dis- covery and capture which their mode of life afforded; but, at the eame time, it is not improbable that, in choosing for their earliest victims individuals en- gaged openly in the avoeations of freemen, the slave proprietors may have been deliberately hurling the deadliest of ineults at the hated North. The seiz- ure first effected seems to have been determined bt with the view of testing the sufficiency of the protection og to Southern property by the new statute. One James Hamlet, a small shop- keeperin New York, was captured, condemned, and removed to Baltimore in less than thirty-six hours. Immediately on his arrive! in the capital of Mary- land, his owner announced that his Northern friends might redeem him for am tesum. The money was be pre J raised by subscription, aad the ran- somed Hamlet was brought back in triumph to New York. We observe in the American journals re- ports of a meeting held in honor of his return by some thousands of white and colored sympathizers; and, if we did not keep in mind that the language of an American, making a speech, invariably tlows at a level considerably above his thoughts, and that where a white speaker is hota negro orator is voleanic, we might be tempted to imagine that the next mail would infallibly briag us iatelli- ence of actual civil war. The chairman, a Mr. owell, ia alluding to the Fugitive Slave act, proclaimed that “ this covenaat with death, this agreement with hell, must be trampled under foot and violated at all hazards,” adding other ameni- ties of which the foregoing is a favorable sample. After the chairman’s address, the clauses of the billitselt were read one by one, amid a tempest of fierce execrations. The Rev. Charles Gardiner then declared that “editors of the United States had concealed the real nature of this bill from the pub- lie,” and ** were a set of villains.” He advised the blacks to “ take the life of any man who attempted to arrest them.” The Hon. George Niles said that the “only argument he would use against this hell-hashed law, wae the bawie kuife and the revolver.” Dr. Smith recommended the negroes to ‘shoot down the Mayor and his officers like * Innumerable orations of similar complex- ion suceeeded, and the meeting, which was an- nounced as the first of a long series, separated with volleys of curses for the bill, and, according to some accounts, with vehement groans for the Union. Scenes of the same character are reported to have been enacted in almost all the large towas of New York and Ohio, and at Philadelphia and Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania With_ re- gard, however, to the intensity of feeling ia Pena- sylvania, we must say We have our doubts. There is a paregraph in our file of American journals, which would have formed a fitting text for a lay sermon from ~ poy Smith. A party of negroes having esceped into the bill country of Pennayl- vanis, some score of citizens saliied out with Titles to ee them, and to earn the handsome reward which their masters had ofiered for their recovery. After shooting one or two of them, they got an old woman to entice the starviog remuant iato a hut— came upon them while eating their food—carried them off, and secured the money. We must not, perhepe, argue confidently from any menitestations of discontent at this enactment which may appeer ia the free States that touch the frontier; but it is not to be doubted that in New England, which is the true antithesis of the South, there reigue a deep, a serions, and a very dengerous exasperation. Nothing ‘ut hostility was to be expected from that sturdy and liberty- loving population ; but a peculiar impetue has been administered to their natural bias by the opportane ingenuity of an abolitionist, who has cireulated some millions cf flying sheets, upon which two verses of scripture are printed. ‘hese papers con- tain a well known piseage from Deuteronomy (xxiii, 15,16), “ Thou shalt not deliver unto his master the servant which has escaped from his master unto thee. Tle shall dwell with thee, even among yo, in that place which he shall choose, in one of thy gates where it liketh him best; thou shalt not opprees him.” On the heirs of the Pari- tans—with whom, taken in the mass, the literal in- terpretation of the Hiblical text a still an article of implicit faith—this cita' has had all the effect of & celestial admonition ; nor is there any part of our leulated to cause 8 of prea which have been takén in New England, in sup- poved obedience to the divine command it is im- ossible to speak lightly of the meetiags in these bastern States, withthe solemn language, of the speakers, the associations formed for the pro- tection and rescue of fugitives, and the formal iavi- tations to return, which are being addressed to the negroes who have taken refuge ia Ganda. At pre- tent, however, no capiure has been attempted on New England territory ; end, as we presume that such an atternpt must inevitably be unsuccessful, and prove profitless to the adventurer, the probabili- ties, under ordinary circumstances, would be egainst its being meade everything is to be feared from the reckless audacity of the South ; and the preparations which have been made for re- sisting a federal law are, at the best, an ugly tymptom. The Russian Empire. The Journal des Leo sts pudlisucs the following remarke on the financial condition of Kuseia :— We have just had communicated to usa rather curious document. Itisthe report of the opera- tions of the credit establishev of the Rassian empire during 1849. Atthe aonval sitting of the of A last, et which the directors of ishments assembled, the minister of the ernpire, read a complete exposé of of the country The firet im- pression produced by the perusal of this docament isan itageous idea of the efforts made by the mment tp ivcrease credit establieh- ments in ita States, to specialize credit, and to offer it, under all forme, to ail kinds of business, to all claeses of its subjects according to their social position, their manufacture, and the particular immense superfice on three cotinen ite frontiers it touches China, and that ifa cnnttat not more eight days distant from Paris or from London, we cannot but remark that, foraState which plays oo gst @ part in the world—which presents i yr such an extended the results, obtained show a commerei Pievelope- ment far inferior to what we should have been inclined to attribute to it. The principal opera- tions of credit during 1849, were—Is! thorizatiun to issue, for the expenses of the army which made the campaige of Hungary, under Mar- shal Paskewitz, seven series of tre bonde of three millions of silver roubles (13,500, .) each; four series ooly, or 53 millions of francs, were, however, issued; 2d, in the loan concluded at Lon- don by the houses of Steiglitz, of St. Petersburg, and Baring, of London, of £5,500,000 (or 140,250, > at ‘4 = cent, with 2 per ceat per annum siakiag fund; 3d, in the re-opening of the export of ie. prohibited in 1848. The rapidity with which the second of these by mpc Toan contracted in London—followed the conclusion of the campaigi> in Hungary, gave a useful lesson to Europe. A® had been before shown, in 1828 and 1829, by the campaigns of the Danube and of the Balkans, it proved. how ecantily the Russian government is mnished with what may be, with reason, called the sinews of war, and how, hotwithscanding her military resources in men, horses and material, it would be difficult for it to support a long efforr without the assistance of foreign capitalists. The fact is so evident, and must be so well understoot in Europe, that we must believe that the Russiar: government would not have decided on soliciting this loan but from imperious necessity. It was am ‘owal painful to its amour propre; and, regarded. in another point of view than its political side, this avowal must doubtless show their error to those who still think that the abundance of the precious metals is a certuin symptom of the riches. of nati and that the accumulation of specie by governments sure guarantee of their free- dom of action. In fact, setting aside California Russia herself produces more gold than all the rest of the world together, and there is no gov- ernment which contains iv its coffers so considera~ ble a mass of cie. The treasures locked up in the fortrese of Peter], at ~t Petersburg, amount-- ed, in 1849, toa sum of three hundred millions; and yet, for the campaign of Hungary‘it was obliged to have recourse to foreign capital. owever this may be, the amount of debt inscribed on Ist Janua- ry, 1850, was, in capital, 336,219,000 silver roubles, or 1,512,985,000f. This is, more particularly in view of the reeources which the future promises to Russia, a moderate amount; but it is not quite the same with regard to the floating debt, which, after deducting the securities lodged as a guarantee tor the notes which represent it, is se by a surplus of one hundred and sixty three millions of silver roubles, or 733,500,000f uacovered: For a State whose annual revenue does not exceed five hundred millions, and perhaps is below that sum, this pro-~ portion between the floating debt and the ordinary Tesoursces shows an irregular state of things, aad doubtless preseges the necessity of some new loan. Eatension of the Franchise in Great Britain, (From the London Advertiser, Oct 22 } We learn from a source in which we place every reliance, that ministers tutend to bring in a mea- sure, immediately on the re-assembling of Partia- ent, for an extension of the elective tranchise. Without professing to know the main features of the intended bill, we have the best reasons for be- lieving that it will contain such comprehensive provisions as will ensure a very great addition to the noes cd of wg nec We on vgs reasOn to believe, t Frese oma of a vi i- beral extension of the electora elifieation weil be among the first subjects which Lord John Russell will bring under the consideration of his cabinet, at its approaching series of meetings—the first of which takes place to-morrow. Statisties of Crime in Great Britain in 1840. sopmieitcn of, 7 land aud Wales, (1841). ire! CHARGED WITH OFFENCE, ETC., AT ASSIZES AND SESSIONS, 1549. ENGLAND AND WALES. Charged with offence. £ ie ee Offences. — oe 3 gf 3 § = | 3 8 ¢ Against theperson... 1600 246 1846 1214 45¢ | —— Laiagtty F j 2 lence veecig is 161 2076 1,591 974 | e with. Gut violemee 2. «17,361 4,692 22,053 10,953 3.69%, Malicious offences "i re er 160 676545 BE 122 «872554 238 15 640L B7,810 2100 404 Imei AND. - | A R48 Or ye ‘ i Mffences i $ | 5 Agrinst the person. ety Against property,’ A 2 eee 436 2,082 1,168 59! out violence. .... .15 79 7381 23,173 14 606 4.260 Malicious offences 163707 ar 6 ml 10 A718 9,881 3,190 2.07) Totals. cce veces SL S40 10,069 41,989 21.202 8,87¢ 18¢ eo Forgery, colalog. Ei Offences not inelude: before were eee e eee B16 Boo FL END. Chai ced with offence : nme Offences. ée : HE Against the perso: Pi 105 é. $5 m... #1 TD ee bo a viol bh WA 6710 (568! Ae eeen with out violemce...... 1307 777 2134 1688 = § Malicious offences Werth “ee wm um ‘orgery, ke Omenecs not included Oe eee newer 7) 675 (18h Total.....scesee. SHS 1120 4957 3aTe 26 Haviog been favored with a of the tableso criminal offenders in se viand, for 1549, now {irs ted to those cd for England < Ire “ arative view o habitants of the three ted a were charg te period. The tables fo Scotland give no inform:'« 1 a3 to the increase o decrease of crime in isi compared with any former period, and ther fcr, in this particular,ecom parison cannot be made |« ween Scotian’, Englan and Ireland. As regards age and wv give the htowns, oa oige. section, the Irish table ™. F KReodand write 6454 99: Atendun'r]2 173) & «#16 1.933 684 Koadonly.... 3,023 : “ Qh 6.781 2288 Neither read “ & 30 7161 3.110 mor write. ...12,157 687 “40 4524 1 57% —_— — be © 2162 7%) Tot, as*tained 21.604 8 91 “ 4 @0 998 313 Abore......00 879 117 Tot as'tained. 22.79 4 The tables for Scotlend (ve following :— Read and wrive oa a 1081 a LZ mm we Tot. asc'tained 9.204 1.128 ‘The tables then give eults :— otal as'tained the following general re Proportions Comvicted |. 1 Acquitted ou Acqvitted ow crial.. Convicted tn a otland, " Acquitted rged witht. _ Scotland, could lini bs 1 Could not read or Lindy i The system adopted iw Scotland for briaging of- fenders to justice seems (o ensure a large propor- tion of convictions, and, compared with [reland, few wequittals. Unanunity not being required in juries, the tender compassion of a boot eater is of no avail to the guilty. in cases of acquittal, the verdict of not guilty or not prov the case Tray be) is also more satisfactory thnn the indis- criminate one of not guilty; being more in strict eccordance with truth than the assertion, that where the evidence does not fully support the in- dietment the party on trial 1s not guilty, of whose actual guilt, at same time, neither jadge nor Jury entertaine a doubt; now the Scot et, not proven, exactly meets such eases, [| may here ba ag that of 260 nequitted wet ye yds jiet in cases was not en, in only @ not guilty | whilet the umber returned ia ireland as not guilty, was no less th On a reference to the tables of it may ap. pear somewhat strange that more jon of after the age ‘at any other ;_it might in Tead and write ite conduet is exhibited within ten cf diseretion has been similer period, either before or almost apy t le to make