The New York Herald Newspaper, October 31, 1850, Page 9

* jo the poss of Mr. Mil AT THE SEPTEMBER TERM OF THE WABASH @mevIT COURT, AND HUNG ocr. 11, 1850. - at Mt. Wi penta Getober i880. world i will be sven by the me to give to we seen der, s th the ie di of his heart, an pee, ereety, murder his f At whatever time he may first have d the Bpopion parcoee, his’pereeverance in to strike his friend, while that friend, ithering in agony,as Eeooany begging his life, pre= nts a scene too horrible to dwell upon. The frisoner says that he could have given a fall jistory of his life, from his youth up to the present ime; but as it would prove of: but little interest nd of no benefit to any one, and ouly calculated o distress his connextion and friends, he would de- G. W. Lincenrucres, Jailor. THE CONFESSION. In a few days, at the farthest, I shall be sum- Imoned before the bar of the Great Judge of all the ‘th, there to give a full and true accouut of the most unparalleled sins of whichIam guilty— tof murder ; and declaring, in the presence of imen, my innocence, and appealing to a just and true God for the truth of that declaration. I caa eke no atonement to my fellow men for the awful crime with which I stand 5 in complying with the terrible mandate of the law, can but beg their forgiveness, and trust ia a merci- ful Redeemer, who Raryoned the thief upon the leross, and said that blood is suffiziennt to lwath, white as snow, the vilest sinner, who would repent and call upon Him for forgiveness, will enable me toreach another and 2 better world, lwhere crime and svilering will forever be un- known. To conceal from the world a true confes- sion of my guilt, can be of no benefit to me or an) but to give it, may prove a waraing to al those permit avarice to overrule their moral principles and better judgment. 1 was born oa the 27th day er July, 1823, in the county of Gloucester, in the Siate of Virginia. In 1838, my father moved with his family to Coles county, Iliinois, where we continued to reside uatil Mareh, 183%, waen my mother died, aud my father Teturged with his family to Virginia, aad. married again. In 1340, myself, brother, and sister, were invoduced to a stepmother. Here was the com- mencement of trouble, and the caus2 of a more speedy eae or a of my baser passions, which have, at so e any a period of my life, brought me to ashamefil and iguominious death. My stepmo- ther was all but what she sheuld have been—cruel and coldhearted, exhibiting less sympathy at a time of sickness and pain, than a stranger would have done ; end in. time of health, treating me worse than one-of- the slaves upon the plantation; thus fori me, in some ineasure, to ptactice deceit and and I concluded to continue my journey to Charleston. Before leaving my employer at Cin- cinnati, my avar disposition prompted me to steal a watch, which, at the time, [ thought was go's but which proved to be only brass. Mr. ‘orbush made tae discovery that I had stolen the wach, and sent to Charleston for the pay for i I was very glad to get off in this way—took a receipt ia ti presence of a witness, so that I might not be prosecuted for stealing. I arrived in Charleston, and was received with open arins by my ‘Triends; introduced into the best compaay, and every attention shown me that could have-been expected, by a son of one of the most iaflaential citizens of the place. | was desirous of retaining the good opinioa of the citizeus of Charleston, which my firet introduction hud procured me, and in order to do 80, was careful to let them kaow that [wasa member of the Christian chareh; eae the sous of temperance while there; and, deed, done every thing im my power to ob the eheracter of a retigious young man. Notwith tending all this, [ was guilty of some crimes. fiich, Lhave since learned, Some of my former friends could not help sugpicion’ng tae. “Itis not necessary for me tocautmerate those crimes, the people of Charleston will know thei, and | pray they wil now try to forgive me. Monday moraing, May 7th, 1819 —[ left Chatles- » Coles county, iliavis,en rowte for Richmoad, Va., by way of Louieville. Ky., in cov i my etieemed friend, Mr. Joseph R. Miller, who I accompanied more for his accommodation,than my own convenience, for! had eagaged my seat stage, and should have puraued my jow menaer, had it not been for my triend’s earnes’ solicitation to resiga it, end take a seat ia his boggy. As I bad, at this time, no evil desiga ia view, | made no preparation to complete the dreadful trage¢y, of which this is a true contes- sioa. Itis irae, Lhad in my possession .a cane- gun, but I tried repeatedly to sell it vefore I startéd on my journey. tt is also trae, that this weapon was loaded, when myself and friend left Charleston, bat it was a mere happen so, it bein a logd that had been put ia it the last time I use it, which was seme time previous. We reached ardnsville the first day of our travel, early ia the evening, and there putup. After supper we walked to a covered bridge, some distance oat of town, and on the roid, near the bridgé, I shot a biack bird with the load that was io p when I lelt Charleston, which was all that I had. e ‘Tuesday morsing, while crossing a prairie, after Ieaving Martineville, we saw some game near the read side, and Mr. Miller uaked me to jumpout of the buggy I thea told hi ne mupition. He nuked any deyvree of accuracy. [ nee. that whea they fit, it shot thern very well, He then offered me t adozen balie; but amorg them were only five that would fit my cane. I took the five balls, ‘onvepient, loaded my ec» balls and powder which Mr. Mil- ler @ and that evening 1 shet a bird with that load. q We ccoched Palestine the second day, ia the evenieg, where we put up, and after supper, walked some cintanee out of town, and did not retarn aatil eendle lighting, and retired to rest soon af Upon weking the following moraing, (Wedaesday), Mr. Miller requested me to have the horse attended }) which | aid, end he did not rise uatil near breal fart time. | washed and got ready for breakfast, and pereeiving that it would not soon be ready, took my cane and walked a short distance back o! atan jerd, for no otherthaa the very harmless purpose of obeying the calls of nature, and while there, chanced to fiad aswiteh, which I thought would answer Os ame of a ramrod. I then loaaed my cane, and picked up a piece of leather ehavivg, from among the trash, and put iton the ball, but forget to Wet it, so that when [attempted to ram dowa the bell, it etack fast about half bons | down the barrel, and the ewitch proving too wea! to force it down, I dropped it and returned to the and informed Mr. Miller how [ had reader- edmy gun uselese. He advised me to go toa emith shop and have it rammed down. | took his advice, and paid the smith five cents for ramming nt down, While crossing a large bottom of bad road, be- tween Palestine and Kusselville, I, as usual, upoa coming © baa road, got ou: of the buggy to watk. While welling, | saw aequirrel, which ran up a tree, and (shot at it, hut missed it. | did not load agnia until we got to Russelville; andin the sho, where we kad our buggy repaired, | commence: Josding my eane, end in pouring the powder out of | the paper into the charger, accidentally spilled the reaver" portion of it, which was all that [ had. Peeling disposed mot to be blued of my sport in that maoner, | went toa store ond procared five conte worth, for myself and Mc Miller, to replace that whieh 1 pied, tor it will be Tecollected that he aave me all that he had the day Yefere. Altboagh | hud determined from the time we lef Charleston to possess myesit of the moary » Lnevera for a mo meat, thought of destroying bie life. B.. (pre less. i s place J first conceived the dreadful thought ofa even thy cold shudder parsed over my fre Wir, a4 though | had already committed a dreadful ¢ time, end | coud not at that time moke up my on, “iw do wt; nor did [ believe it powible, notwithatin, Yor my thoughts were contioaally upon it, te com. wt the dreadfal crime vatil the very moment of tu @ If this provision were not in the. act, I not receive the testimony of the prove that he was the person described, It would be a temptati tribunal should permit to No lawyer would urge a court such an absurd construction of 1 ed to drag him to the bu, king him to the river or better to conceal him. But my nerves shocked at what I had done, and 1 wasso weak at what | caw, and trembled so excitement, that I could do nothing. ed to pull off his coat for the money, but could not, and so tear it off, until I got at the belt mi knew what I had done, or horee, after Miller fell continued to run until the bug: @ grape vine, and the horse made no eflort to go any farther. uch from excessive such were the tate : press it in unequivocal terms. > t equivocal in the lan, act; it forbids the judge to hear the testimony of the fugitive, but not the testimony of disinterested witnesses. It almost seems that nothi sire to render the law odious, for the sake of poli- tical agitation, could ever have led to so grossa misconstruction, and so great a libel on our national lature. It has been objected, also, to this law, t Y corpus act, inasmuch as it enacts that the certificate of the judge, or com- missioner, * shall be conclusive of the right of the ‘suns in whose faver granted, to remove such fu- ive, and shell prevent all molestation of such person or persons, by any process issued by any e, magistrate, or other person whom- utthis isa mistake. ' this provision of the law, forbidding the testimony itive to be received, and forbid ding inter- ter a certificate, 19 but an enactment of sn established principle of the common law, added through extreme caution, but wholly unnecessary. “The writ of habeas corpus is undoubtedly an immediate remedy for ry illegal imprisonment; but legal when the process isa j cer; and process, whether by writ or warrant, is legal, whenever it ia not defective in the trame of it, and has iesued in the ordinary course of jus- tice, from a court or magistrate having jurisdiction '—(Commonweailth vs. there is nothin; confused that I ec: are to proceed. it suspends the habeas already been so long that log, but feared I ha in go off, and the some one having heard the screaming, might come and and continued to pursue my way towar nes. After my arrival I speat much precious time im deliberating what course to pursue. At one down the river on a steam- The truth is, that time 1 thought of y other process, at another of goi: teok the road leading to Louisville, proved the most unfortunate one I could have From the time of my first acquaiatance with Joseph R. Miller, up to the time of the awfal best friend; no brother could have shown to me, more kindaess than he did, ecpecially on the fatal trip from Charleston. He reposed every confidence in me, and I now be- lieve that had I requested carry the belt and money, he would have done so. So far as could be seen with mortal eye, we were bosom friends. In fact, aa bave teken us for brothers, who were returning home to a kind father, or affectionate mother, ‘he natural question arising deed, be was my subject matter.” Lecky, 1 Watts, 87). him to have let me vi of a judge or magistrate, under this act, is legally “from a court or magis- and cannot be released trate, on a writ of imprisoned, under proce trate having jurisdiction,’ by any other court or m: i habeas corps or homine replegiando. 793 hes no such provisions as that which is the subject of compluintia the present case; yet in the case of Wright vs. Deaeon, (5 Sergt. and reme Coart of Pennsylvania decided that a certificate under that act was a legal warrant to remove the fugitive to the State of land, and no writ of homine replegiando would Tom a State Court to try the qu stranger would after a long absence inthe mind of the reader, did you kill so kind a friend ” avarice that prompted me to do it! wished to return to Vir for myself ia the be. It was the demon Rawie, 62,) the 3: show what I had done could not bear the thought of reteraing and prodigal to the house of my chi!dho: Thad Jeft under the di determined to show t would rise in the world without his assistance. The time is close at hand, when I shall pass from this worid, and I trust to a better one. counsels for the able man- leasure of my father. I was it father that [ could and ances was“ in viola United States.” The chief difference between the fugitive act of 1850 and that of 1793 is, that the former allows a warrant to be issued by # judge, and the arrest to public officer, aad imposes more stringent penalties on those who interfere, by vio- lence, to prevent the execution of legal pro: ‘Those who believe that the constitution aud laws of their count! have no groun n Of the constitation of the turn my thanks to ner jy which they with the jury, aad every one with whom I have had any thing to do; and now bid # beautiful world an eternal farewell. The following letter, written by Milton Jones, the prisoner, to James M. Miller, (brother of the deceased) is inserted by the conseat of prisoaer:— Sevremeee 30, 1850. Mr. Mitter—Dear Sir:—I[ cannot leave this world in the peace of mind for which I pray, with- out addressing you as one whom [ have so deeply injured, to acquaint you of the bitter anguish of soul,the sincere contrition of penitence I have felt, at having been in a menesure, the cause of the shocking efiliction to which you were so sudden- ly called te mourn. Tecan ofler no excuse for my wicked and fatal pacsion, nor would [ attemptin the least, to palli- " Joseph R. Miller, | had never, cursed moment of the misfortune, felt anything but gretitude for his kindness and friead- And that [ should have allowed the feeliags excited at the moment of misfortune, to have over- come my better judgment, and induce me to com- ife of my unfortunate nd—your brother—I have again, and again wondered at with inexpressible Lmay not receive be made bya should be regarded and obeyed, of complaint; and those who do not, will continue to rail at both, as usual. 1am happy to say that my brother Kane fully concurs with me in the views I here express. I am, very respectfuily, day oS Te Cuan.es Ginnons, Esquire. New York Medical College. PROFESSOR GREKNE’S LECTURE. On Monday evening, Doctor Greene, of Clinton Piace, delivered the frst introductory lecture of the course which is to be given darin: evenings of this weck, at the new Medical College, ia Thirteenth sireet, to a very crowded audience. He prefaced it, by saying that eveuts like the acts of individuals or nations, have their iaterwst, light or intense, according to the circumstances or re- sults with which they may be allied. of an apple, or the lifting of a lid by the expanding Bleam ot @ boihng vessel, are occurrences unim- portant in themselves, and yet the observance of thore common and setural phenomena by refieo- tive mindy, led to the discovery of @ principle and a power, which have filled the world with astonish- ment, and revolutionized the affuirs of its inhabi- plete the destru forgiveness of you ia this werld, yet I cannot but hope and believe that you will think of me with compassion, (yea, | know ‘ou could bear, and would believe, sstauces underwhich your brother «i ) and remember me ia your prayers to Hum who will not turn away from the humble and repentant. Had | many lives, with what joy [ would saecrific® ,atone for the injury done have caused. Butt can now only pray for forgiveness for myself, and for every consolation and of the wounded ana distre: tunate deceased. Inow humbly beg you to show this miserable letter to every member of the injured aad distress- ed family, and particularly to the deeply grieved wife of the unforturate deceased. That every consolation aad blessing m1 eelfand every member o! fed and distressed family, ia the prayerof ‘The laying of a corner stone and the completion of stately edifices, public and private, are the oc- currences of every duy in thiajeity of cities—events which neither regeive nor deserve the especial in- terest or attentiva of the commuuity arouad them. Yet, a corner stone has recently beea laid, and its superstructure hae but now received its crowning turret, and a noble editice has been completed—au eveut which may be connected, aye, aad which must be allied to some extent, with the deep- est and the dearest interests of mankiad Withia the halls of this institation, which heaceforth is to be dedicated to instruction in medical science, doctrines will be taught and principles will be cireulated, on which may hang the issues of health or disease, of life or death, w maay. Car- Tied out in practice, by its future graduates, these | inciples of good will be the meaas of coaveying joy and gladness into many & family, or, if bane- tal, meuroing and sorrow. this institution, who hav over its interesty, rests the responsability, through its professors, for the results ou the commuaity, of the doctrines here teught; and, gentlemen, i responsibility. This noble edi it may be as the rock oa whic! stands, is nevertheless not imperishabie. will crumble its walls, or it may be changed for other purposes, or removed by the hand of mans but, ere this shall occur, principles in the hoi inquiry after truth may hese be di nduring as time, or doztrin be inculeated that, for good or evil, shal their inwrees on facure generations. Called, through the kindness of the trustees, to aid my colleagues ia imparting instructions to those who may seek in these halls, it would be an act of justice, betere entering upon the daties assigned to me today, by your cor, and the community who are necessarily in the results to which | have alladed, @ brief ex- position of the course of study by us deemed neces- fe, and practical me- ed, be an interes!- ing and, at this time, an appropriate task to enter fully on this important inquiry—an inquiry iavolv- ing @ problem pot yet solved, namely, the best propriete method for educating young ssion of medicine. But having other subjects to bring before you, | shall leave this duty for one more competent to the task. Uaset- ded as the professional miod at this time is, we can say with truth, that we are not more firmly d of anything than of the importance of such an inquiry made largely, liberally, aad strictly, by a man at once deep, truthful, know- ing, and clear; and we trust that, ere long, some stroog man from our ranks will be found who, thoroughly comprehending his subject, will be ready Lo grapple with it, and put an end to the un- protitable disqnisitions on this question in oor pals, academics, and medical associations. regard to the views entertained by the faculty of the New York Medical College, oa this subject, I may be permitted to sey that ia this resolve they are united end determined, namely: “ to teach, earnestly and faithfully the accomplishment surgical education.” Ia the acquirement of medical know! the practice of our profession, there are difficulties and discouregements in which the stadeat and the community are both interested ; and it has occurred to me that I cannot better oce me this evening, than in cons’ most prominent obstacles of the and to confine to mediocrit could [, im the lea jeviate the afiliction, upon every member family of the uafor- Important Letter on the Fagitive Slave Law from Ji The following lever from Jadge Grier, of the United States Supreme Coumt, Upoa the goveraors of been appointed to watch upon the coastitu- ve Law, will. be , Oot, 25, 1950, yments have hin- attention to the instant which it read with interest:— Dear Sin--My official eng: dered me from giving that pr contents of your letter of the would otherwise have received. Untiliniormed by you, | was unable to appre- hend what possible cause could be assigned for the unmeasured denunciations with which the act fugitives from labor, passed at the last ‘ongress, has been received by 80 man; persons in the sorthera portion ofour Union, A though it would be improper for me to voluateer extra judicial opinions upou doubtful questions of construction of a public statute, yet, if any opinions expressed by the courton the Garnett, or which, though not thea expressed,seem to me incapable of dispute, can have aay teadeacy to correct misapprehensions and calm the public agitation on this subject, lam perfectly willing to for medical knowled, ate case of flenry sary to ensure a thorough, safe dical education. in the case of Garnett, the warrant iseued by the court was founded on the affidavit of the alleged Bat ** on the trial of hy ing,” before the court, after the arrest, this davit wus not received in evidence, nor did counsel for the claimant iasi owner of the fugitive. men for the pr ist that it should be re- i wholly neglected to make the proper proof, before some court or jadge land, to establish the held to and what d other marks, of such described had facilities given him by the ae pufpore, we decided that he must be boaad coumon law rules of evidence, as ia other werty his to be estab refused to receive the parties in iaterest as witnesses, and wills, and other documents of title, unless properly proved. ‘The act contemplates a trial and a decision of the , involving questions both of law ant the rales of the common law as when not changed by be without rale, go- jiscretion, siave, or person was the name, age, sine, an where a tile to before a court. ver ie necessary for to evidence be followed, complete medical aad statute, the trivunal would ly by caprice, or undefined di which would be the exercise of a judicial power. exercises it, to render equal justice both chumeant aad the person clamed. were heard on one side only, and t out say regard to any rule or priaciple known to the law, gross oppression and wrong would flow fiom it. FPreemen and citizens of Pennsylvania nnght be kidanpped into boadage, under the forms of uw, and by the action ef a legal tibuaal, ewora to do equel und exact justice to all men. This jigved law not only gives a ** trial” be- fore the legal tribunal, before the claimant can be authorized to carry the alleged fugitive out of the | Siete, but it takes away from the prisoaer ao right rdeving my heat friend fer bis mon ev, and | which he would have enjoyed before this act of Congress was peseed. Jy all cases ot extradition, the evidence esta- bhehing the offence and ese manded, is usually made in ibe person demended hos escaped, and i ily ea-porte, end the & rannical, not @ It is the duty of the Judge who sent day, which medical science, the course of the there one of your mosey at robelan me ott rity in bie |, one wi will be content with merely that amount of medical knowledge that the law requires? Could I be- heve that there is among those whom I now ha the honor to address, a sing!¢ individaal who formed that low estimate of the value of his pro- fession, that he is not prepired to cultivate, to the uimost extent of his ability, the egience of hia choiee, to etch a one would I say, turn back from ) our fruitless pureuit. wih such an estimate of its val than heaven; you cannot atta’ nd Loy you § t question to be act. Av Lhave before stated, the rond was very had, 4 ardone ot the other of us woull get ou: of the , ond walk over the worer parts of it. - | was buaey close behind the bugay, with the cane- haad, & bile pavsing |< rorgd the bv . i we torthe telepene and duruesr ood fa part 4 jendieh thought flashed upon me, aod bie to n08: cane-gua alavost directly i and fle the screamed, ‘aad at where I steack bom over the the eho _ee The bepgy at tt getting free of Ye i) horee ren swiftly down the road, and ler be threwe several ie eee eds to the 0! rhe ee mL Wi aap ORG buaal before whorm he is brougpt, prev ke an order for bis extradition, is only course, to ahow that tut if he be the person deveribed, he bas mo right to claim a jury trial, as to the n of hie guilt, in the couatry te whieh he The qnestion of identity, cluimed in each a one a ‘he two countries requires to be been tried summary aad without plaint has ever heen mace wNeR whe men have beea seat to ¢, en 8 o.tmand for their extradition, without mo jw'v triel; and why greate persons, ie not ensuy pe entleman, in the recent progress eee, in the late ym oe ay unfolded chemistry, statistice, and the mict eries, most of which have been younger members of our rnc te and if the faculty of oe fail to awaken | for their fy acy that Jeetur me i THE EUROPEAN NEWS. ARRIVAL MAILS BROUGHT BY THE CANADA. AMERICAN AFFAIRS ABROAD. TH MAREDTS, dies, die, dies, The British mail steamship Canada, Capt. Har- rison, arrived at Boston at ten o’clock on Tuesday night, in ten days and eleven hours from Liver- pool. She left Liverpool en Saturday, the 1%h inst., at 11 o’clock in the morning. The European mails, brought by the C., reached this city yesterday afternoon, by the New Haven trein. ‘We have not much additional news to give, as our telegraphic abstract from Halifax, published in the New York Herald of Tuesday morning, con- tained nearly every item of intelligence. Among the passengers in the Canada, not pre- viously mentioned, is George Thompson, the abo- litionist, well known in Boston and other cities in this country. In speaking of his trip ‘across the Atlantic, one of the English papers says:— A valedictory soirée to Mr. George Thompson, M. P. for the Tower Hamlets, usto his embarkation United States of rica, where about to ons short anti-slavery campaign, came off at the London Tavern, Bishopsgate street, on Wednesday evening. There has been no alteration in the tone of the London market for American State Stocks, and the prices reported by Messrs. D. Bell and Son are as follows:— United States Five per Cent Bonde (1: eee See Six per Cent Bonde Ohio Bix per “ Five pei Cy Po Mase, Five per Cents (Stenling Gon, Maryland Five per Cant (Sterling Upper Canada Five per Cont Delentur The new American steamer franklin, Wotton, arriyei off Cowes oa the morning of the 18th inst., en roule for Havre. She left New York on the Sth inst. The United States mail steamer Washington, f Cel Captain Floyd, from Bremen, had not arrived at Southampton on the morning of the 17th inst She was hourly expected, and would leave again for New York on the 20th inst. The screw steamer Helena Sloman, Captain Paulsen, was to call at Southampton, on the 23th jnst., oa her way from Hamburg to New York, to embark passengers and goods. The Late Session of the American Congress. (From the London News, ot. 18 } Tf the session just closed has been a long, it has also been an eventful one—eveotful alike as re- gerds the incidents which garked its progress, the crisis which it braved, and the measures to which it has given birth. , Soon after the commencement of the session the nation wes cailed upoa to mourn the foas of one of the greatest, sincerest, and most patriotic of its statesmen, & man who had occupied for forty years a conspicuoue position on the federa! platform, aud who had been more or less mixed up, and honora- bly consistently mixed up, with all the great que ns of the time. It was pending the greatest crisis that nad ever occurred in that struggle with which he was more peculiarly identified that death carried off Johu C. Cathoun. Great as in other re- spects was the blow thus inflicted upon the nation, it is undeniable that the demise of the slave-king has contributed in no small degree to the peaceable solution which the slavery question has for the pre- seni attained. ‘The trappings of mourning for the great Caroli- nian had scarcely been removed from the Capital, the Executive mansion, and the other pablic build- ings at Weshington, when they were replaced for the head of the state. General Taylor suddealy fella victim to the combined attacks of disease, mortification, and dissppoatment. His bodily ia- firmities were aggravated by the results of his morat weakness, 1 surrounding bimself with ad- visers in whom he could have no real confidence, who never acted cordially with him, and who brought discredit, both: pulitioal aad yersonal, on his brief ednmmistration, Me was succeeded ‘by the present Executive Magistrate, who took pos session of the vacant chair, with pone to dispute his right, any more than there wasto question that of Victoria to the throne of her ancesiors. Without direct election, Mr. Fillmore has thus been suddenly raised to the head of a Goverament eminently popular, and elective in all ite depart- ments. Itis through no hereditary nght, throagh no prescriptive usage, or traditionary claim, through bethec force, fraud, nor eastom, that he swoys fora time the seeptre of the union. His sudden eleyrtion .nd suostantial power are the re- sults of a brief paragraph ia the federal coastitu- tion, [tis by virtue of that paragraph alone that he has been raed from comparative obscurity to Tank with the poteatates of the time—thas fur- nishing enother strking exsmple of how com pletely, even when the greatest stakes are to be played for, on Anglo Saxea community can sub- ject to the dominion of law both national caprice end individual ambition. Twice has the Presidea- cy devolved, within the last ten years, not on the elect of the mation, but on the desigaate of the | constivution, In neither case did the dody politic suffer eny shock from this unlooked for transfer of | sad ithin the last four months the elect has heen suddenly removed, and the desigaate ine sialled in bis place; one inet has been wholly dissolved, am another slowly orgunived; and ail with ag little disturbance to the political machise as is oce. the mechanism of a chronometer. The prospects of the Unioa, which were gloomy and menecing at the commencement of the ses- tion, brightened towards its cloee. The slavery question had at length attained the crisis which had long been foresecn for it. As horses running a long heat rererve their wind till the winniag-post is in sight, so the parties representing tv nist principles of freedom and slavery were ed, 80} as they could postpone the tinel struggle, to keep abreast with each other ia the controversy which has raged between them since the republic was organized. But when it became obvious that ime for ultimate decision had arrived, both parties prepared for a final and desperate struggic. he crisis was precipitated by extraneous events The spoliation of Mexico brought matters to an issue. Lut ind-pendently of ‘Kis, the struggle could not longer have been postponed, tor the South foresaw, in the shadow of a coming event, that its only chance of seeuring anything like a favora- ble settlement was to bring the question to an im- e issue. Ona the census which is being ta- is year & new apportionment of the repre- sentation will be based, and the result will be, the absolute supremacy for the future of the free West in the House of Representatives. This was long foreeeen and dreaded by Mr. Calhoun, who was extremely solicitous to anticipate it by a settlement of the question favorable to slavery, or to devise some means, such as a double executive, as @ eovnterpoise to the growin, wer of the antago- nist principles. The time Living crane to decide which principle was to commence a retrograde moventént, each party began the struggle by taking extreme and uncompromising und. Both in the republic, and out of it, many believed that the Union was at h in the throes of dissolution. Neither perty seemed inclined to yield, and with- out some concession on both sides, the confederacy could not be saved All the excitements and pas- sions were called forth which characterize national agitations when at interests are at stake. ‘The South and blustered, whist from the old eeat of nulificaticn came rebellious menaces at which the great bulk of the nation smiled, coa- fident in the omnipotence of the Union to crush any treasonable movement to which they might ive rise. But by degrees both parties became if weary, half ashamed, of their uncompromis- ing attitude towards each other. Come what might = forthe ie could not be perpetual. The ith felt ite and dvemed it pradent to ive way, more ily aa it could then hope for tter [oy Te i rossi obtain ss future lorth felt ite power, fortunately was pot inclined to abuse it, and the result was, the a of that series of measures whichihas inion to turn in safety the drended corner in question of slavery. The: were ally embodied in the proposal which was so long” friar to the res tbo ta etl tgmitephe Clay’s com. re bill. fe treated the accession of Mr. ‘ilimore 40 asa rantee that that mea- re teenl free, afterwards adopted con- +) neither mere nor less than tor othe aote for into the ire tend we nam moe rte slavery, but | The Diplomatic ues jaette of the United te pean States has been conducted. The United ned, by jodicwlly Winding it to | Lash "lo it has been on the fault is that of the individu: ‘The Steam Vessels of 2°F Be id ve conceded this one. other reagon which induced some Fugi Slave bill, who would not done so. The protectionists saw slavery question was disposed of, t ope to secure attention to any other. It had them for the whole of the session from broaching with success their favorite scheme of restoring the high tariff, which was co mercilessly dealt with in 18i6. They, therefore, wished it to be wholly dis- posed of this session, e to have a clear field for a dash at the tariff next session, at the beck of the hungry protectionists of New England.» They r quire the field clear forthe double reason thi whilst the next session 1s the short one,they too have everything to fear from the approachia ascenden- oy. of the West. Now or.never is their time, for ey must dip their heads for ever under the free trade wave which will inundate Congress from the West in 1852. That they have done nothing this is in accordance with what we ventured to predict last December, notwithstanding the protec- tionist leanings of the President’s message, an the tranecendant absurdities of Mr. Meredith’s re- 3&8 EE ine port. We then ventured to say, that not only would no measure restoring the Ta te tariff, either in whole or in part, be carried, but that the protec- tionists would be unable evento introdvce one. ‘The event has verified our prediction. Next. session they may be more successful as regards the intro- duction of a bill, but they will certainly fail to carry it through the Legislature. ® Long and arduous as the session has been, it has been the most important, both ia its present results and future,censequene hat has as yet occurred at Washington. its legislation has been eminently of a domestic cherecter; end when other events which marked its hy Sap may! be forgotton, the session of 1850 will American annals, as that which witnessed the in- troduction of the first state on the Pacific, and rescued the umon from the difficulties of that dreeded question which, for three quarters of a century, had thrown so dark a shadow on its path. n gratefully remembered ia {From the London Times, Oct. 17.) Diplomatic intercourse between England and the United States of America is necessarily upoa a fooying differing entirely from that upon which, hitherto, the intercourse between the chief Curo- States, though bound together by a solemn con- pactin the character of so many sovereign commu- nities, ere known to the comity #f nations only as one State, corresponding cageait through the President of the coufederacy with other nations. But the President by himself cannot biod and make responsible the people in whose name he addresses foreign communities. His acts must be confirmed and sanctioned in a certain form by the Senate of the United States, which thus becomes virtually the negociating instrament of the Union. But the Senate is a numerous body, owing its existence to popular election, and great diflicalties are likely to arise, if under existing circumstances and temporary, secrecy ts required. the contrary, gives to the sovereign nominally the whole power of negotiating and entering into and rat fying treaties. Farliament has, indeed, a vir- tual control, but while negotiations are pending, no power, constitutionally, can force the sovereign to reveal what is going on. ‘There are more prac- tical consequences from this formal theory than at first sight appear. . From time to time startling incidents oceur in the intercourse of the United States with foreign powers which ere not in eccordance with the dictates either of pradence or right feeling; end we are elways auxioys to point out these apparent deviations from the right path, in order, first, to be assured of the fact if it have really occurred, or to be set right if we be misinformed; and also, in the second place, to call the attention of the American people to the Case, because we are sure that all the right minded mea mong them would complain as much as we shoulddo of any indiscretion or misconduct in a matter so delicate, and important as a negotiation with a foreigu, though frieudly power. These observations have been called forth by the appearance some time eee in the Acferican po- pers of a communication purporting to be a lever trom a diplomatic servent of the United States, ad- dreseed to the chairmen of the committee of the Senate on foreign relations, which letter related to matters of great importance and of exceeding deli- cecy connected with the mutual proceedings of Great Britain and the ited States respecting Central America, end the great communication about to be established between the Pacilic and Atlanticseas. Of the peculiar statements of this letter, many of which we have every reason to be- lieve are misrepresenistione, We are aot at present about to speek. But the mere fact that suc& a let- ter was written Calis for severe reprehension, and will meet with it doubters so soon as the cireum- stances are fairly laid before the American people, Central America, since the discovery of the mineral wealth of Calitoraia, his riven into imme- diate and great importance. Every oae who has ever given attention to the probable destiny both of our Australian colonies and of the Western coast of the two Americas, must have foreseen that the day was not far distant when a sue fal attempt would be mede to establieh a practical communtca- | tion between the two greet oceans, over the narrow trip of land whi of the steam engi: h divides them. The discovery » and railroads only rendered this g! | the more certair; the miace of California have only given an immediate motive to proceed with the ua- dertuking. Bat such « communication was na- turally a subject of jealousy among the nations, for if any one were to get possession of it to the exclusion of all otherr, a most unjust aod dan- ) geious monopoly would thereby be created. The ut Britain two governments of America and Gi have, in perfect goed faith and mutual discussed this question, and a treaty wi ted into; the understanding being that our relations with the Stotes of Central America should be of the same description, and that neither goveromeat should ac- qui ights or privileges in the dominions of those Su to the exelusion of the other; aad there ap- hears to have been a very frank and friendly inter- course between the representative of ourgovernment at Washington and the Secretary of State, Mr. Web- ster, onthe subject. From the constitution of the United States, as above described, it was necessar thet the Senate should be made cogaisant of all that occurred ; and in order to obtaia all the in- formation needed by them, the Committee on Foreign Relations summoned betore them, Mr. Squier, who, as Minister, or Charge des Atfairee, hed represented the United Staves in Centra! America. This person, being examined by the committee ing in eeeret, nnd all the transxec- tions, relating as they did to pending negociations, being aleo deemed secret, writes a leiter to the chairman of the committee, Mr. Foote, and pub- lishes The statements of reon in a confi- dential station assume from that fact importance ; he is believed to know more than is known to the blic, and his assertions are considered as almost like authoriced communications, and if false, as many of them in this instance were, great mischief nay follow. But the most serious and lasting evil will fall upon the United States. For tne present, we put aside all consideration of the merits of the particular matter, on the gross impropriety of such @ proceeding on the part of a diplomatic eervant of the State. id only insist Seeing such things possible, foreign nations will Soa aloof, = be un villing to meet the government of the United States with the frank and cordi,] #pirit which ought to exist between great and friendly powera. — will say :—** We cennot trust your authorities, an be willing to rick hisown re; try's imeresi, by confiding his plans and proposals to the diplomatic representatives of the United States.” However powerful, however astute the people of the United Stwtes may consider them- selves, they m with safety, faith and honesty, They may outwit one people, or one negotiator, but they can never outwit the whole world; and we should have thought, that e no negotiator will atation, and his coun- be aseured that they can never, < the good old principles of good nation, 1 had already seen reason to trust truth of the old proverb, that honesty is the best poricy. Sharp practice may be looked upon as a good joke between low attorarys, but between bb 9 nations, sueh conduct is a calamity to man- ind. In this case, indeed, we must believe that signal punishment follow this grave offence. ree The misconduct will, otherwise, be connected as a natural result in men’s minds, with Americaa institutions, and the real suflerers will, consequent ly, be the Americans themselves. — a wing oul our present sys gol weereis an well bull and ans, hese ian or colonial trades, aud with of the traders from Liverpool to Sou the vessels employed are pot equal to United States eagaged in the piss the Americans are not contest with vantages they have derived from the their sailing vessels as now em see that both pessengers and mi the facilities wine® such as are now used, cauoo! class of passengers forms the bulk of ed tothe means or value oi! termined to adoj ner, they have the auxitiuy wower of the serew- propeller, by which they ws! ne enabled to carry nearly the same number of an equal amourt of goods, 1a tess than half the i ied by therr seting vessels, amd of expeose as will be more than paid in the saving of Wours, provisi small additional rate of reign. whieh will lingly paid by sh é rach vessels wi iny vexseis i without doubt, Sacit is not only ia es and Europe the South Ame- will es of this mmproved the trade between the Uo that such veesels wil! be exnypioy rican ports,in beth the A share the advar continue to m already obtained sta possess the first sin the world, w! or by «li uehons, and by w! momert does not ( engineering establi products are sou; all that is connected with = nin America, oF nthe lead inal, prietors of the Oy od Hoye, are the sr to be aware of the =o sity of promoting % mode of transit more expedi- a ae g veowels, aud less expensive d by the present steamships. vor unity of givil }, and to our skil b> neglected; they profitable employment to ¢ have been driven to, fo: it is to be hoped the Already more thin who declared at public m that the shipping intr st: sacrificed to foreign conpetit must overtake all Who were rash enough to attempt the contest, are found tw large ‘ships, and inves capital equal to the rev Tt ja to be hoped ‘that t lowed, and thatthe ler secking employment will © increase and ueprovermen! 0 will now find it at of the gonlemen . and by letter, Freat Britain were and that rain thereia an amount of exompe will be fol- Eteetorate of Mosse. Advices from C the reported ab: graphic despatc that anew ministry war vider formation, as fol- Elvers, Presideut ot ® he Counetl; Los- berg, Minister of War; ond Duyeiow, Minister of The two latter had proceeded to Wil- Losberg wee in diay having spoken agammt Has» nown to be e friend of the constitution. vlog; Duysing ie The Gazette Pop contains an oece two priests, in t They had been opp: elder edministering two b returned by the you knocked down for h revolved not to lose the advunt younger one, thus release excommunicition ag: gorous opponent, fror vill’ require the beea employed the week at the mr last, nor in there any new twtare r vation; wad 1,840 10) Peroam, and 70 oo week amount to amount of busine out change in value tolerably steady at ave rates Ww oats, L240; malt, an wheat, 17,200; Ashes have \° of the week do not ~There bas been «fair in imore, to arrive, are reported small sales have id tard ts 14, dearer, 209 tons wold nt 358. to Ste at 47 for good Stookholm tar. 8 000 barrels were sold pow so long reported; hold torffect rales, aod bayers hang prices remain nomi accepted. The sales of pork Tedueed weekly At our been a moderete # for the country markets, of prices Is rather upwards Irish: There has been = good 1 business done fn all Kinds of butter, «ines out Jast report, at an advance of ls per owt, Stooks in the hands < Tters are small, aod the market is frm Belfast, 10a to Tia; Waterford, 760 only 100 tieress bare been owt. in bond fortnferior Tall ‘businens war done at 38%. Od., om 4, In South Americas 0 58s Od per owt, her chipmente ¥. our ote, nots , ja'New Tork ava by tee from New Orleans to the