The New York Herald Newspaper, October 22, 1850, Page 2

Our London Correspondence. ‘THE STATE OF KUROPE Loxpon, Oct. 4, 1850. Phat is to Become of France?—Movements of the ‘Tree Fumilies— Manifesto of the Cownt de Cham- bord—Intentions of Lowis Napoleon— Car 4, dature of the Prince de Joinville—The F dese tical Trouble im Sardinia—- The Schleswig War, Se. £¢- We are once more on the ee of great events in Europe, or, at least, @ crisi‘, is gradually approach- ing, the symptoms beivyg elearly evident to every elose observer Of tae political horizon. In 1852, Louis Napoleons functions, as President of the | French Revablie, cease, and he must enter the lists egain asa candidate for that dignity. Such were the terms of his election en the 10th Decem- ber, 1848. It is quite clear, however, that he will | not wait till then; and that, notwithstanding his recent declaration ‘that he will not attempt a #18 Brumaire,’ ” or, to use his own words, that he will not risk on a coup de maim that powerful au- thority which is at the present time acknow- ledged to be so useful to the secunty of France* and which was conferred upon him by six million votes,” he will, nevertheless, attempt something of the sort before the expiration of his functions, whilst his influence is still considerable. The French National or Legislative Assembly meets agam next morth; and a message will then be presented by the President of the Republic, in which the revision of the constitution will be re- commended, and a prolongation of his own powers as President, or otherwise, demanded. Should this not succeed, he will make an appeal to the | people His chief opponent is the Count de Chambord, alias Duke of Bordeaux, alias Henry V. This Prince, who had engaged the sympathies of a large portion of the French nation, has cut away the grass beneath his own feet, to a great extent, by the publication of a manifesto, (issued by M. | Larochejaquelin,) in which he claims the crown aan hereditary rght, even should the people be oppored to it. “This step cannot be justitied, and has added greatly to the chances of Louis Napo- leon. Vox popult, vox Det, is a proverb which, in France, has been written in blood and recorded in ni And yet, after this declaration of con- tempt for the voice of the people, the Duke of Bor- deaux also announces that he will appeal to that body to restere him to the throne of his ancestors. He has the old nobility, the priesteraft, and ro- mance on his side; but we live now in practieal times, not in the illusions of the past. Not- withstanding the noble lines of Lamartine on Heary V.i— Il est né, Venfamt du miracle! Heritier du sang d’un martyr, Ilest ne d'un tardif oracle, Ii est ve d'un dernier soupir! Aux accents du bronze qui tonue La France o'éyeille, et o tonne Du bruit que le mort a porte Jeux du sort! merveilleo divines! is true, that scarcely one emigrant in America has not his portion of just blame in causing the misfor- tune of his country. Thirty years have rolled on, and during that long period, energies, toil, study and resources, in their most extensive national sig- nification, have been uselessly expended in the most ideal agitations. Philosophy could not assert her might in the vast domain of this colossal jabyrinth, that reason could not fathom, argument convince, or discussion explain. It wasunderstood as ‘ Repeal Agitation,” ** Alliances,” and a host of other convenient phrases. contains in itself the elements of destruction, and 80 each worked out its destiny and died, as each deserved. Famine and pestilence succeeded, and these, perhaps, were, greater blessings than “ agi- tations.” Coming from the hands of omnipotence, they might be looked upon as the rectifying princi ples, out of which a new system of national condaet might arise, and on the basis of which could be raised a superstructure, honest in ite design, wise ia its operations, and salutary in its influences. But of this I fear. From out ow evils good could come, but will it—do, or may we hope for it? To argue on the subject would be useless; to portray cur social position might be valuable. Historians and travellers have explained that system to be | corrupt, And so itis. [is corruption and debase- | ment the natural consequences of a national neg- | lect; the refusal to understand or dist ge recip rocal duties. Communism, in its most revolting espect, reigned theoretically in the minds of the people, and its maturity into practice was only pre- | vented by the vigorous measures of a liberal consti- tutional government. , But all that is with the past, and from it we can only learn wisdom. lts smouidering ruins send orth the broken wreeth ef a smoky vision, deceit- | fully conjured up to delude and humbug the dreamy | minds of an ever over-credulous people. And yet even from that convulsive mass of broken faith and | corrupt falsehood, there has arisen an atom of its duplicity, hoping for gain, and sure of impunity, in its fentastic pantomame. However, for the na- | tional credit sake, 1 must state that the atom is re- | ducing, and certainly will diminish by degrees, until it vanishes into thin air, But though it may lack support here, and be understood, with all its hollow pretensions, yet, at your side of the world, £0 much perspicuity as to its nature and design may net be found to exist, and the voice of “Burgh Quay” may consequently find an echo in the hearts, and a response from out the pockets of the Irish in America. But you, | am sure, will not be found slow in exposing the chicanery and dis- Ainsi fleurit eur ses ruines Un lis que lorage a plaute. Notwithstanding, I say, the lily — by the | D storm has much to go ou efore it can fourish upon the ruins of a republi ‘The mania of writing an pee as well as upon the Count de Chambord. ie has gagged the press, that is to say, the ex- | pression of publie opinion in France, in a manser whieh neither Poligaae under Charles the X, or Guizot under Louis Philippe, dared to have done. Every writer of an ‘article is now compelled by law to put his name to It; the consequence is, that if man expresses censure of the acts of the “power being,” he is either rained or arrested. It seems extraordinary that men like Emile de Girar- | dio, Cormenier, (Timon) Lemoine, &e., should submit to this. He that sows the wind will reap the whiriwicd. Meantime, the President is flattering the army; reviews (with segars and champagne for the men) and military fétes, are the order of the day The Orleanists, or the party of the young Count de Paris, remain quiet. pes entente between them and the legitimists has been much spoken of, but wisnotsincere. The Prince de Jomville is also spoken of as likely to come forward asa candidate | for the Presidency. In subsequent letters 1 will give you a faithtel account of the progress and chances of these diflerent parties, unbiassed in tuvor of either faction, an impartial and close ob- server of the great game played upon the chess board of Europe. I may add that Louis Napoleon is hard up for | monry; and that the visit of M. de Persigny to London was connected with that subject. if we turn from France, southwards, the demon of diecord is abroad there, also, and has assumed an aicheipiscopal drese—the better to do his work of mischief. M. Franzoni, archbishop of Turin, (capital o Serdunia,) refused to minister or allow to be minis- tered, from political enmity, the last sacraments to a dying man, the late minister M. de Santa Rosa This wes a violation of the law of the land—an abvse of ecclesiastical power, egainst which a epectal clause exists in the pensl code. In virtue of that clause, th ‘chbishop was arrested, hauled over to the Court of Appeal, under whose jurisdic- tion it fell, and he was imprisoned in the fortress of Fenestteila. M. Pinelli was sent on a special micsion to Rome to explain this to Pius IX, who was willing to listen to reason, but the coaclave of cardinals regarded it as an attack upon the privi- jJeges of the church; and the consequence ia, that the court of Rome refused to listen to overtares until the archbishop should have been released. ‘The Court of Appeal, meantime, has passed sen'ence upon the archbishop, who is con- demned to banishment from the Sardinian ter- ritory, and deprived of his see. The effect of this sentence at Rome, we shall learn by next mail, Another (urged doubtless by the priesteraft of Rome,) Mayongin, the Archbishop of Cagliari, capital of the island of Sardinia, refused to comply with a request of the government to give an ac nt how his revenues for charitable purposes had been ex- pended. He even went so fur as to excommuni- cate the authorities of the island, whe endea- yored to enforce the orders of th Twenty-four hours were given ull of excommunicasio government. him to retract but the fiery pre- refused, and has been conveyed, under an escort, cut of the Sardinien territory. Both arch- bishops will, in all probability, proceed to Rome, and we have every promise of a religious contro- verty of no small dimensions. The present prime ny er of Sardinia is the Ma s Massimo a glio, a liberal, and one of the t remark— able men of the age, # son-in-law of the celebrated Menzoni; he is @ first rate diplomatist, a poet, a an artiet of fame in each. ph dinian ambassador to this court Tine rest of Italy is quiet enor ust now. The organic laws, Intely iesued at h which raised such hopes, have been pelted with mud by the Boman populece In the north of Europe, the brand of civil war is wiciied with fearful violence. The old question of “Denmark and the Duchies” has not arrived one step cearer solution. Hostilities have been arenewed. The Holsteiners ked the Denish lines, L € once again bombarded Frederic. stadt, which to the last advices reecived here by telegraph, i held out, though neatly reduced toashes. It is high time that the European great powers shold interfere, and put a stop to this effu- sion of blood Prustia and Austria are again at loggerheads. The former refuses to ac wiedge as the diet the asormbly of Plenipote whi met at Frankfort w T the av of the | Baron d Baron de Sehleinitz as reiga Affairs, and has is sued a circular to the effect, if the so-called diet interfered int torate of Hesse, which has quasi turned out the Elector, Prussia will take as she may think in keeping with ignities—id. est , if the seif-elected pe into the electorate, a Prussian army will stop th In England, there is a dead lull; the the exhioition of 1861 is gradually rising the first symptoms of attention are already manifest inthe j ls of the continent. Lord John K useell is dee Lord Broughatn i# poachin, bere of the cabinet are dispersed ‘Two more shipwrecks wit Radowitz has succeed Prussian Minister of F right and left loss of life, two er three murders, with a fire in the city, are the only | the week ved in the nigh events that have occurred duri The overland mail which « brings news from India of a considerable rise cotton; the price per candy at Bombay had risen fr 0 to 150 rupees. The cultivation of cotton in and West Indies is a question which will be seriously taken up next session, andas it is one which particularly interests the United States, I purpose deveting particular attention to it. ib Spain there is little stirring. A diligence with Six\een passengers wae overturned, and all killed. which does not speak well fer the high: ade of that country. Thes bondhold dere remain still cla- | ™moring for redress, but Lord Howden has received instructions to give support to their claims. A_ bill pay Consideration for the internal navigation of In the operatic world here, we are as dull as ditch water compared to you ver aman he. you over the water. Shares Kean, in conjunction with K taken the Prince 's, and opened Test ‘sateney? with éclat with Shak: Twelfth Night—the house wi } ie oe his appearance at igsuing decrees and | manifestos seems to have seized upon Louis Na- | Sardinian —, i build- | ia the Scotch waters ; the other mem- | honesty of the _knaves who now seek, under pre- tence of repeal, to openly rob the poor famishing | peasant and artisan of their last shilling. A more artless eo of cruelty was never sought to be | perpetrated than that of conjuring up the vain | phantom of repeal for a people’s worship. *Tis a monstrous humbug, an insult to the intelligence of the nation, and can only be explained by the straitened position of its advocates, who hope, by its means, to put a few pounds in their pockets. | The crops of this year are decidedly, as a whole, much below the average produce. The early ! omg potatoe haa not escaped the blight; aud the jate sown ones are coming from the ground quite stumed in growth, and excessively deficient in | quantity. Indeed, an half crop would be an over sanguine hope to have realized, as regards that es- culent. But even so, the average, in a propor- | tenal ration, is more than that of former years, | when one considers the immense tide of emi- gration that is now wafting at every ebb | such large one of emigrants as the daily | journals record are leaving the various ports for America. For my own part, I must say that 1 greatly regret the fact, because 1 cun perceive that 1 this country there is an abundance of material to constitute, if properly worked, a large empori- um of national prosperity. llowever, as things stand at present, | can’t hope much for a revolution in our social churacter and policy. The wheaten crop of this year is sadly deticient, and the grain not at all good. On ground which gave tea and fourteen bushels to the acre in former years, we have not more than three, and at most six bushels | this year. The price, however is not high, even under the pressure cf a deficiency, the highest fi- | gure up to this being Ls. per stone of M4 lbs. Oats | and barley have produced well this year, and in ge- neral the green crops have turned out fairly. ‘The gone flax has been successfully extended in ireland this year, and though its culture hae been narrowed as yel, owing to ioca! prejudices or want of means, yet, I'm huppy to assure you thet I anti- cipate next year’s crop will be extensive. ’Tis a most valuable one, and cannot fail to better the condition of the country. By degrees the wisdom of the Almighty is being vindicated, and each new day is throwing light upon and explaine ing our past sufferings, from out of which, I doubt not, will arise the redeeming spirit of our destiny. Asa first step towards a@ happy consummatoa, much and gerious attention is being turned towards the development of Irieh resources, and, I’m happy to state, wiih much success—i.¢e. I may meatioa that of Irish peat. At Robertstown, County Kil- dare, the “Amelioration Society” have turaed ca- ital in that direction. They have erected a regu- jar establishment there for the manufactare of peat, and the consequence is that the dreary moor and wild bog have been turned into e California. Men, women, and children, are assuming a comfortable position under the influence of constant employ- ment and remunerative wages, Whilst the company ore gaining money. It is caleulated that 300 t\5 of charcoal per week will pe manufactarcd wo soon as the buildings are completed. The company are at present supplying the President of France with a large quantity, and over 60 tons have been lately exported to thet country, whilst the orders from Eugiand, received by them, amount to over ten th nd pounds. See what energy and capitel will do. This company, besides employing all for miles round, have alee taken one hundred paupers from out the Naas union, and these are now living in comfort and independence by their labor, fulfilling the great fiat of nature, instead of wither- ing in decline, or sweltering iv ilieness in a poor house.” In Dublin, also, the “Lard of Irish Man- vfacture”’ is realizing much practical good. The proceedings of the Board have given a stimulus to native industry in the provinces, and an in- crease of employment in the various departments of Irish menulactures—bianketa, tweeds, ete the consequence of the large orders received by that bedy. And our linen trade, also, is assuming a very steady aspect; the accounts received from the United States render a fall, good trade ia Lrish linens os certain. | feel that etl this is very cheer- ing, but I alse cannot conceal from myself Uthat it is all very reetricted. If we could have « systematic revolution, through ell Ireland, in our social con- duct—if we could realize the happy dream of an extensive and general working of our natural re- sources, and an individual effort to promote the national ivterest by contributing singly, as well as collectively, to have these resources developed, then all might hope to see ell Ireland happy. i had intended to have written more at length in re- ference to these resources, but muck fear that space will net permit; and hence | prudently defer to another letter a more general disquisition on the subject. But before concluding, it may not be amiss to remark what I intend dwelimg more largely upon in a fature lette hat it would be well worth the attention of the friends of Ireland in America to consider ae to the utility of forming 4 corupany forthe working of some of the particular resources of Ireland. If they were to do this, it would do more service to the lend of their love then all the money they could contribute for cen- tories to brawling agitators or impracticable aeso- cigtions. We have had glorious weather here up to this— toely ¢ Jropef rain in the month he (aking away of crops on Sundaye, to aveid payment ot Tent aad poor rates, is a thing of commen occur- rence in this country, so that the papers have ceased ing it The onal Synod assembled at Thurles, hae closed its sittings, of the nature of which the pub- lie know little, unless as regards a synodical ad- dress, juet iesued, condemnatory of the Queen's colleges in Ireland. These Institutions—the most useful and most beneficial ireland can beast of—are to pass ——— the ordeal of papal aeathema. How they will come out of the fiery furnace, | can- not say. The Evening Post has a long article on the addresa, and comments severely on the con- duet of the Bishops for their opposing such useful inetitutions. The Dublin Evening Mail of the 20;h inst , statee that there was only a majority of one for condemning the colleges, and that arose trom the fact of Dr French, the Bishop of Kilmac- duegh, whose age and ill health prevented his at- tendance at this Synod, having placed his proxy ia the bande of Dr. MeHaie, and that Dr. Metlate placed the trust in the h of one of his own” creetores, who would at bidding, have vowed thet the moon was made of green chee: inferior ph The division emong the ghostly fathe: lege question Ty ~ 6) convince ted “Catholic unity. Evening Post, a well informed au- thority on euch matters, states with contidence, that a memorial to Rome any strong serve is not required, and it is no longer a secret that it contains a passage, of which many of the elates have disapproved. A large number of the 4 ‘though not a majority) were adverse to publication from the synod Teparniag the Queen’s colleges, except the rescripts themselves, until cer- tain points, not yetdecided | by the Holy See, should have been submitted for final judgment to ‘his Ho- liness; and if, when the address, which had been already voted by the majority, was read at the last meeting of the i it was not deemed expedient worde, the woman became livid, and left him, saying, ‘It is well.” rtly before the time of afternoon prayer, she sent for the eunuch, and was told that he was taking a bath. No sooner did she hear this than her project was immediately formed. The old man, as we have said, was govern: the’Pasha’s household, and, as sueh, oceu @ sumptuous apartment, to which a bath room was attached for his private use; it was here that his mistress sought him out. The eunuch was attended by two slaves; fevada mountains, and the first house which the overland emigrant comes to on the Pacific side of the eternal snow-covered mountains, It would grieve you to the heart to see the poor starved émi- grants arriving across those mountains from the plane, Shoneane " ls of them revere Gags tie meer, ings U er are indescribable. 1 wil you ona inadeee out of a thousand. About a month ago, just as the mountains were passable, three young men came to our house just as I te th ing time of the inthe | dene ‘supper; they had not tasted anything but put. | " ase otwi at would be! feng it | mule’s five fora Toren ht; their provisions she dismissed them with an imperious gesture, an by no means follows that any one of those several | ing exhausted they to kill andeat their mules, | remained alone with the old man. You, were prelates alluded to has changed his previously ex- | and they said thousands were in the same condi- | determined to find it out then ?” she said. Yes, and IJ did find it out.” ‘ To whom have you spo- ken about what you discovered?” ‘To no one yet, but Ishall write to my master.” How much do you want to hold your tongue?” “ bear i am determined to speak.” “ And to write ?” “Yes, I mean to write.” ‘Then take that to seal your letter with!” At these words she threw a noose around the neck of the wretched old man, and commenced strangling him. The eunuch was feeble, and, taken by surprise, could offer but little resistance. He struggled in vain; his assassin con- tinued to draw the fatal noose tighter and tighter still, and as she redoubled her efforts she exclaimed with the of a fury, “Ah! you wanted to know all—you shali know more than you bargained for! You sought for light, did you ? ‘here’s eternal darkness for you! Now write to your master! write, old fool!” At the vociferations of the assas~ tin, and the groans of the victim, one of the slaves returned into the apartment, and at the sight of the horrible scene, rushed out and began crying all over the house. ‘The khanum (mistress of the house) is murdering—the khanwm is strangling the eu- nuch!” A scene of general confusion ensued. Some of the slaves rushed, terror struck, isto the street, repeating one after the other, “The khasum is murdering! the khanwm is murdering!” Others hastened to the bath room, and only reached it as the old eunuch, overpowered, was stretched out tion, and would be all summer, as very few-of the emigrants brought sificien! rovinans. lof course gave them a good feed. Now, however, stores of provisiong are sent out across the mountains to meet the arviog spnigmazia, and their sufferings are allieviated. 1 thought I saffered coming round [From the London Times, September 30.) the Horn, but that wasa pleasure trip to what San Francisco, July 31, 1850. the overland emigrants endure, and will en- _Lam, aa you may see, in the regions of the gold | dure, until October, when the mountains will diggings, but Iam going to attempt visiting the | gain be impassable ; thousands of them must die, real diggings, as the accounts are very unfavorable | and those who do arrive in this ealthy country from that quarter from those who have been there. | are unfit for work until they rest awhile. any If we were to believe ali that we read in the news- | who have the means, go right back home again by pers, we should make our fortunes there in@| ge. | really do not ppp ne vane puts it few months ; but the fact is, the different papers | into people’s heads to leave good homes and civi- have ditl-rent interests in the diflerent mines ; the | Jized society, to come here to seratch up gold dust, proprietors of each are more or less speculators in | exposing themselves to all sorts of danger. Cireat the different new cities and townships, and their | lies have been told about this country; exag- different pufls have deceived many thousands of | gerated reports have got circulated in the pee emigrants, and caused much distress among them. pers, while the plain truth has been generally Some few have made much money at the mines, | | yppressed. Now, | have had some experience but l know many who have lost hundreds of dol- | "nd have no interest but to tell the truth. I have Jars by going there. The hardships there are very | dug in some hundreds of places throughout the gold reat, and the risk of life and property more so. regions, in ravines, creeks, and on the banks of ately, twenty-seven people have been murdered | jivers, and occasionally in the sides of mountains, at the Stockton mines by the Mexicans and Sono- | and I never washed a pan of dirt without finding Hans. | ‘The country here, at present, may be con- | in jt some specks of geld dust, more or less; but sidered healthy, generally speaking. Tt ls concent the difficalty is to get more than will pay expenses ly believed that, next year, the diggings will great-) in such an expensive place. Some make fortunes pressed opinion.” 3 Up tothe present moment that is all the people know of the synod. ly fall off im their produce of gold, a3 nearly the | in @ short time, but these “some” are few; hua- | senseless upon the marble floor. Betraying no whole of the gold digging country is now taken Up | dreds of others barely pay their expenses. Some | alarm at the publicity of her deed, the khanum by upwards of one hundred thousand diggers, WhO | gort of machinery must be invented to work the | loosened the noose, and slowly retired between a will find all that ia to be found before November | gold dust wholesale. Now, so long as gold is | double row of her servants, whose impiecations next, which is the commencement of the wet sea- | found, this country will flourish—which may be | followed her to the door of her apartment. The eunuch had been kind to the ves, and they la- mented his loss. One of them raised him from the cround, and discovered that he still breathed. They rubbed him, and a physician was sent for; but it was too Jate. The wretched man returned to life for a few moments, and found sufficien eon. You will see, by some papers I have seat to | for ayes, as the gold seems inexhaustible. In the the Times, more than I can tell you here. This | ities and towns here, mechanics of all sorts will place lately has increased greatly in size ; in fact, | fing employment; but those who are comfortably | great part of the town is built on the water, upon | fixed at home, are fools if they leave it, though for piles. For six hours in the day the sand blows young fellows like myself, with indefinite pros- about to that degree that you could not observe @ | ects, (more particularly mechanics) if they are friend across the street ; it is far worse than Griv- | prepared to encounter hardships, Jet them {come, | strength completely to denounce the guilty one, ing to Ascot or Epsom to the races, on a very | and they will'make money, if they have health, | and to give a detailed acconnt of his assassiaation; dusty day, just behind a lot of omnibuses. Nearly | and don’t get discouraged. I have bought some | but he expired immediately after. All Constan- the whole city of San Francisco is built upon loose | myjes, and turned them loose on a raach to fatten | tinople was soon thrown into a state of agitation at sand. It is not the diggings of gold that has made this place, butit has been made by the ruin of thousands of British, French, United States, Wec., merchants, who have sent their goods here never to be aceounted for. Whenever a fire takes place, hundreds take advantage of it, and close cousiga- ments in consequence, whether they are burat out ornot. Those days are now drawing to an ead, an unless gold du: nt home in sufficient quaatities to pay the exporter, which cannot be the case if the digging fails, San Francisco wiil fall more repidly than it has risen, as there is nothing ia the country to — im any quantity, but there is little doubt that the country around, more especially the news of the crime, which spread with the ra- pidity of lightning The Cadi arrived, and, in spite of the khanwm’s rank, the authorities deter- mined that she should be arrested and conveyed to prison. A courier was then immediately des- patched to London, to apprize Mehemet Pasha of the fatal occurrence. The culprit has already been examiued several times, and up to the present time the only defence she has set up, is, that she poesessed a power of life and death over the eu- nuch, whora she considered as her slave. The aflair remains at this stage for the present, and all further proceedings will be suspended uatil the arrival of a communication from London, or of the till next spring, when I will cross the Sierra Neva- da and Rocky M untains, calling at the Great Salt Lake Oe. and stay a few days among the Mormons there. There ig fo pleasure in this country. In our house we have mice, rats, snakes, lizards, Orpii centipedes, toads and frogs, and insects of all sorts, from musquitos to flying beetles and poisonous spiders. I saw a’ snake lying on my bed the other day, eo I just took the rifle and shot him through, blankets and all; he measured 4 feet long, and was as thick as my wrist. Since that I have ot an Indian hammock made of grass; I paid £4 for it, and sleep comfortable. I am contented, so long as 1 make money. I sleep with pistols Oregon, will be a fine field for agriculture. Those | (joaded) under my head and rifle by my side—some- | husband himself. As you may imagine, this diggers who have been fortunate enough incollect- | times ‘hey are necessary. I live in ths midst of | mournful event has created a sensation in the higher ing their pile, as it is termed, seldom winter here, | Indians. ‘One day, while lying in bed, three In- | circles of Mussulman society. It is presumed, however, that the Sultan will not be deterred by the rank of the criminal, and that the punishment of the crime will be signal. but clear out immediately from the country. Many and a sqaw came in, and, seeing me there, of the merchants here live expensively, but, ia | one of the Indians laid hold of some bread and was reality, upon other people's property. Meatis trom | giving it to the others. I told him, ia Spanish, to 6d. to is. per Ib.; flour, £22 per tou: potatoes, 1hd. | Feave: it alone, but he still went on, so I sprang up per lb.—they have been, since I have been here, | jn bed and seized my rifle, and, takiag aim at his (two months 880.) Is. per lb; and onions have head, sang out‘ vampos!” If they had not vam- been 58 6d, ver lb., now Is. 3d. to Is O4.; fish not | posed’ 1 would have shot the whole three of them; numerous, but about double the value of meat. | gs it was, | was as near shooting one as possible. Labor, $5 4 day, but rather scarce, oa accouat of | jf they had shown any opposi'ioa I would have the immense duily arrivals of emigration, they not} closed the mortal career of the lot; but I was being able to f° to the mines on account of the | thankful afterwards that { had not to fire, for I do enormous tax of $20 a month. Board and lodging | not want to kill any human being—but one requires is from 50s. to 50s. a week. House rent from to be constantly guarded against these meanest of to $8,000 a month, according to the house and | Indians. The day before, two Indians killed two situation. Gambling is carried oa to an enormous | white men with their arrows, in this valley; but extent, but latterly, | am happy to say, it has been | they very seldom commit any depredations now, discentinued on Sundays, which was the grand | for the whites take revenge on them at the rate day of days in the week. This place has been | of ten of their lives for one while man’s life. Here pally burst dowa three times, but been on fire | am 1; I have to cook all for myself, living in the several times. | saw parties actually building the | woods; cut weod, make fires, bake bread in the same day ef the fire, on the same grouad that ashes, roast my coffee, pound it with stones, buy their houses stood upon, before the hot embers | my beef, molasses, and every thing else. Before were c eared ofi the ground. [never saw such go- | the overland emigration came in this year, there a-head people in my life. This city may fairly be | was only, one Woman amongst a population of 3,000 i mae The Elector of Hesse, WHO LATELY FLED FROM HIS KINGDOM. {From the Cologne Gazette.) Imagine a portiy square-built man, on the other side of torty, with regular features, a sinister coun- tenance, and a bearing which completely accords with the w dress—a general’s uniform—and you ‘or before you. The moral asyect of this man it is difficult to present, for his actions are a long succession of contradictions, which are only referable to two common Coe gee pr = egotism, and an equally unlimited coatempt of his fellow-men. He believes in ne truth or honesty under the sun. In his subjects he sees so mauy [Sapte pnp subjects, whom he apn ngend Reece is power upon every opportunity, in order to ho them in check. He hates the democrats, since they will not admit that such a sovereign as he can really rule by the ** ot God ;” he hates the constitutionalists, because they would limit his celled heli upon earth. The worst characters from | gbout Id; she me esent of cel tive; he hates the orthodox ia ali parte of the globe are here, and all the knowa | handsome paint box, for making her ¢ drawing of | church and state, because he the former as ces are carr ed out to the greatest extent. I left | the town Joun W. hypocrites, and the latter require payment for their e aland in February last, and was left upon Piteairn’s Island, iuhabdiced by the desceadants of the mutineers of her Majesty*s ship Bounty; four other passengers were left there with me. ‘Two of us—Mr. Corleton end self—were there 16 days, the remaining three, 21 days. It was a most infamous afta; but here we caanot obtain any redress. ‘There is plenty of law here, but no justice. We arrived here 34 days before the vessel that left us upon the island. We were well out of her, as they were six weeks on a pint of water a dey, and hardly any provisions. I landed here with only 5s. ia my pocket, one shirt and ene pair of trousers, besides those I had on, servile patriotism. Formerly, the military life was hie hobby, and suis he finds his highest gratifica- tion in the pomp of the le ground ; but, since he has convinced himself that wiseaever the alter- pative is presented to the army to overs.!Ta either bir or the constitution, the soldiers will declare w Singuiar Murder tn Life in key. newler."omanee of the Harem. The following singular narrative is givenina let- ter to the Semaphore of Marseilles :-— few years ego a Greek girl of uncommon beauty was married to Mr. Melinger, an English physician residing at Constantinople, where he had acquired a high reputation. Several children were born of this marriage, which, to all appearances, seemed likely to continue a heppyone. Thanks to 2 rofession ay to his Png ee Si mers Mr. \clinger received visits from the ** denien, ries of the empire, and =~ uighest dignita- his troops and lost no opportunity Of shows 5 &'- hatred to the officere oe not understand that their Zormitssions pledge them to become the blind instruments of his arbitrary power. His most ven- erated example ia the Emperor Nicholas, who ba- nished to Siberia a cavalry officer whose spur fell boar veasel I left in | cell Ferm «mong others trom His Ex- | off on parade. Thanks to Providence the sphere of New ping Thea st werelies: be a hard oase | I ney ei ox wsha, now eon-in-law of the Sultan. the Elector’s power is very circumscribed, but if 1 do not leave this country richer than wh- 1 1 1 ap, ppear that the doctor, having discovered | within it he omits no opportunity of acting out a des- came into it. om an I | the existence of an intrigue between this gentle- | potic nature. Take an example:—Colonel Voa B , t. You may with tin write against people coming Sere from, Und England. Great dis- trees and distur! pated here in the man end his wife, resolved upon quitting Constanti- | an officer universal respected, had erected aa ele- nople, and toking the tos over to Eagland ; | gant summer resldehoe near to one of the gates of but the Greek refused to submit, doubtless already Jassel, and was accustomed to spend an hout or ; bent upon other schemes, tor she soon after obtain- | two each day in his flower garden. One day * work may be, done thea fora loaf | ed a divorce, and abandoned her children and her | he was carefully watering a bed of favorite perhaps less, ‘They have just com | husband. After her divorce the connexion of Ma- plants, when he was surprised by the Elec- menced to pave the streets here with three-inch | dame Melinger with Fethi Pasha was but of short tor, who was riding out for an airing, The planks all over, The mud list winter was in some | duration. But she shortly accomplished the con- | latter reined up his forse, and called the colo- b ances are ant Wet season, when the miners come dowa from the Peles; a da of bread, an of the streets six feet deep. The city is about | quest of Mehemet Pasha, who had just been ap- ow a $600,000 in debt, and no one will lead them aay | pointed to the Governorship of Helgiate; and 4 oe hase fet lp HF aye a beets money, $0 that many intended tinprovements are | order the more entirely to captivate this distinguish- can, indeed! You would do well, sir, to hold your only half finished. Colonial people are looked very | ed personage she became a Mussulmau—a circum- uniform in more honor for the future.” Thus stut- clovely after, especially those from Sydaey. Ships aie not so numerous as they were. A large nam- ber have gone to New South Wales for coals. There are about GO steamers belonging to this ag and the rivers inside the heads of this har- pore. The quickest news from England has been 51 days, which was upto June 56. Money bears an interest of 10 per cent per month on good secarity —six weeks ago it was 15 per cent. Nothiag is much done without money; those who have mo- ney are making large fortuues. Some of the gam- bling roome are 150 feet long, © feet wide, and 20 stance which immediately induced the enamoured Pasha to take her with him to his seat of govera- ment finally, to make her his wife. Although greatly ached to his wife, Mehemet’s happiness ‘Was net complete, as there was reason to fear their union would be sterile. Accordingly, he one day ventured a kind of reproach to his wile on the sub- tect, who immediately replied with a smile, * is jhis the cause of your dejection, my lord? why did you not mention it soon cr? ‘How so t— * Would you prefer a boy or a girl? ‘A boy by all means.’ * You ehall have one.” After a short Greek feigned to be in the tered his most gracious mergrn with a voice any- thing but eeable; and eight days afterwards Colonel Von B. was removed far from his house and flowers, with one consolation, however, that he was also far from his petty esor. Similar was the cere of another officer hin the eivil service,who had butit a house, and when about to move into it, was ordered to leave Cassel, for no other reason than that it known he had count- ed rnuch upon enjoying his intended new residence. Since these occurrences it has become a bye-word among the officers of both services, “If you would be removed from Cassel, build a house, and fur- interval the a feet high, ver nisomely furnished, aad reat | condition her lord desired, while every means | nish it Se fi ‘4 about $i « year. Parties heve b were employed prudeatly to exile him from moved Wied Chsaeit hecumee teas woes too tate ly shor se TOOMB, ON account of di his wife’s apartment. The blindness of his passion | mate with some of the liberals there; others, how- garding the gambliog, and no more notice of the affeir taken than if a tat hed been killed. This place is a horrid hole—very cold in the morniag and evening, and warm in the middie of the day ; and generally half a gale of wind from the 8. W. from 10 A. M. to 6 P. M. every day during the summer months. The winter is much warmer than the summer, bat there is much rain and sel- dom any wing to speak of. Large ships are bought here often for £500 to £1,000, in good. order and an easy task, nor did a doubt cross i 0 the legiti y of the infant presenmt- ed to him, which he named Belgrade Bey, and the town showed iteelf duly eensible of its sponsorial honors by the most sntendid rejoicings. A short time afterwards his excellency Mehemet Pasha ever, for a very different reason—for the sectitices they had made for their sovereiga in trying mo- ments; for fit is one of the characteristics of the Elector that he holds it to be degrading to acknow- oy a why $ yong tag bf one. As he will influence: no one will entrust to no man was called to Constantinople, and subsequently ap- | his confidence.” Even those officials who are ha- pointed Ambassador of the Ottoman Porte in Lon- | zarding life and honor in his service stand not an . But previous to his departure he expressed a | inch nearer to his heart than the rest of the world. Wish that he might have another boy, a@ brother | It would, for example, be a mistake to imagine well found in everything. The smaller vessels, | and acompanion for the beloved Belgrade. His that evel reons os Hassenptl such echooners, (Baltimore clippers) as those of | happiness, he said, would not be completed unless | are wank the — ge a from 150 16200 tons, which were a few months ago | he had two fine children almost of the same age, of | cause they are his most ready instruments, aud are worth $12,000, are now only worth $4,000 to | whose future career he already formed the most willing todo any thing for a ration. He $5,000,—the steamers beiag now so numerous that | briliient anticipations. As she had done in the | knows wellenough that Hasse ’a patriotiain they take away all the river trade from them. A | first instance, his wife exclaimed, “You shall have | and fidelity do not transcend the ¢ of the sala- steamer was lanaced here yesterday that had been | one.” ‘Impossible !" replied the husband, at | ry he draws; he ki that that man would be the building only seven weeks. There appears to be a | firet estounded. “As truly as Mahomet is oar pro- | firat to betray hi ; very jealous eye, and @ great wish to get 1. “Well,” replied Mehemet, “God is reat ! findes charm ta coubag Wie sua wher, Teas = it wi — that a coneraned me So es te t the end ofa month she again rself | the same supercilion: i enciente, and the Pasha was the most delighted of | to those ben h i Ot b yankng like oper men, but be was coen obtgee 36 me al ir ~~ pe maniien lowards the minister, the more does jon, i a Sons le ter t to heap complete her accouchement. This was all the him Cologne Gaceten Sees Senne: epee Greck desired, and using the same means as before, ~— | she presented one fine moraing to her assembled | Submarine Teleguers between Engtand and Negotiations are being entered into with the slaves and toa few persons of her husband's fami- ly, a fine child of the male sex, who received the Le name of Usnud ley. After the lapse of a few days | Lords of the Admiralty and government authorities the child fell seriously ill, and was sent, by order | for the establishment, across St. George's Channel, of the physicians, to Pera, under the care of its go- | Of @ subsqueous telegraph, upon a similar thoagh much more extensive seale to that now being un- dertaken between England and France, the promo- _ , rere ae over? oe — isa = of 4 stantinople, inhabite ie mercantile com- munity, and by the Baregean Ambassadors. Its | ters of which have, it is understood, after conside- air is porer than that of the city. and accordingly, | Table interviews and treaty, come to terms this ‘oung Usnud was soon brought back in perfect | Week with the French government for the exelu- heal by his governess—the same woman whohad | SiV@ possession of the proposed electric line from the performed the office of nurse atthe birth of Bel- | French coast to Calais. Preliminary surveys have been made for this oceanic communica- tion acrose the Ina! nel, and the coasts on | eal Sangeieriy cacesh, oy old black t up the see kh can tae bo a gre citherside, combined with the submarine site as- certained by soundii posses. tion of the Sandwich lelands, by the Yankees; and | if there is a chance of getting hold of them they will not allow ‘hem to elip through their fingers. No English man-or-war has been here since the steamer Driver, three months ago, which is very strange, considering the enormous quantity of En- iy shipping in the port, and no consul here. he Mexicans ond Sonorians that have lately left the southern mines (Stockton) are going to the northern mines, where a great disturbance is ex- pected will take place ehortly. If a clever man had time, he could compile one of the most amus- ing works ever written relative to this place. The various and extraordinary ways in which gentle- men are employed here you would hardly credit. Riseaoin, Ex Dornano Co., Cart, Aug. 1. My Dean Avnt:—| have tried the mines ia all parte of California, but as [ was never used to hard work, | must give it up, perfectly satictied that I connot make money in the mines. I worked five weeke steadily ina creek, aad averaged five dol- dors of duet per day; the highest ever I made at anining, wae ten dollars in one day, working six nothing can revolt. He treats Hissenpfiag with his entire contidence, and managed his entire hours per day—three hours after sunrise, and three | household, could by mo means recognise U for the sinking of the wires, houre before sunset, [often think of jour wosds | sud ‘ey ta the child which was thas brougit | 8F¢ found, owing to the foundation being compara: to me —** John, 1 know you cannot stand seeing | back, ond in the presence of several slaves, be Gale Giione cal Can ees ee : men working at the mines, and got try it yourself. Indeed, aunz, | could not help it; the gold fever Was so strong on me, that, not certent with doing well at Sen Francisco, | must start for the mines. However, although 1 have suffered es much ae said to his mistress, “ Well, my lady, if that child be Usnud Bey, he has become singularly altered by his sojourn at Pera, among the inndels.”” The mot remained silent, and carried off the child, directing a fierce glance at the eunsch — be chaniel, to be favorable. Notices of the iatention of the promoters to apply to Parliament next ses sion for an authorization to lay dowa the line will ven. The precise points at which telegraphic most Californians from being exposed to uli sorts | Doubt had established itself, however, in the old | S#llons on the Engtish and [rish coasts can be es- of hardehips, insn)ts, and privations, yet [am not a | man’s mind; moreover, he had long been enlight- pene will depead on the result of the govern- bit discouraged. I have been knocked about alone. | «ned with respect to bis mistress’ he = Sake eee pursuing its inquiry into the Tam my own “bose,” and never will aire gut to | kmew the whole history of Belgrade Bey, and Prolene ola chee eee ee eh ot anybody in Califoraia. Up to the begianing of | reason not mentioned it to his master waa, | !relan not 6 great transatlantic packet station. At July, bas 7 bere expenses in koocking oo I i} Ps. = i) ing Pepe A Ge Lig the pt ma ap aeeiatie I Ce " i tee may © e nothing over my expenses; how- aires ie orm “ U ere? agrieg the last month, I have cleared above | he believed to be hia son, and the eunuch had not | Holyhead to Ki Dublin, and thence by had the courage to undecetve him. Bat two sup- tmell capital, | intend epecolating in various thin, a ote nin the first place, and then the end make all the money | ever shall get in Cali- | impudent substitation of another child to the one fornia in tat manner; Ihave raised ihe $200 by | which bad deen received as a legitimate offspring, 200—that is, £40 money—and upon this the Great Sovthern and Weatern Le hes on to Cork Gi —<the other from St. David's Head, on the Welsh const, andoato Wexford, Wa- terford, and the extreme western points of [reland the last man for the constitution, he has mistrasted | —_—. porn se leges a been | painting signs. Iama firet rate painter for Cali- | formed complication of kaavery of which the | to Berehaven and Crookha the latter being ‘| Irish Correspondence. pe ee ne the Evy gas, hae sbeody ao aad by easy work can ne ae $25 per day, | indignant old man refused to r himself an ac- | last points touched at by vesee ea jates olor Oe Crone, Co. TureRary, e 7 py 2 that is £5 English. 1 have painted all the signs complice by re: longer inactive. He betook | the Atlantic. From on the e: oy ‘he followin, py of the memorandum on ih maming poin ‘ oo, IngLanD, Sept. 21, the ical ‘as published in the Dublin | this neighbor! and have made a great himself to Pera, and step by step in his | western coast of Ireland ‘meanest: TM, Present Condition and Prospects of Irdand— synced: is F ‘amongst the Americans. I have inv with t cautious prudence ‘and in- | telegraphic station on the tide, the dis- a ‘. ne papers of Tucsday— alittle in horses and mules, but have always lost, | sin artifice so peculiar to people of the | tance is 2,155 miles, and as this be accom- Revival of Domestic Industry, S¢. : waa: MEMORANDUM. f the late synod | as Ido not know anytniag about stock. I have Eas, cially to the of the harem, | pli by the steamers in five orsiz From this place, the capital ot Tipperary, Iwrite- | Tt is, known that the eeey synod | ae ae ot aiutance with a Mr, Creaine, from Lex- | he succeeded in acquiring. pesitive evidence of the | by means of the network of te comianl? he eye, and receive the peru- | C@@ have no effect until they ane tacky ; he Be a man, and a gea- | death ofthe veritable Usnud Bey, and of the sub- | cation in existence on the eea-board on the ey tee aeied cilia of this unfortunate land; iposancipe olthe Holy bag ye toe eee oe i & ne fl fe expect to open @ | stitution ofa child of the same age, purc! of | one side, and the lake frontiers en the other, may tpl of manyan exiled ¢ ing voice of truth; | fecce vegerdite thet chull hove been, known. | store here this winter ; in the meantime I shail be | parents inthe lowest grade of life. ‘The euauch | be put in posseasion of all political and but, if so, let it be as the warning * | With rember however, to the synodical address, | knocking about to raise a sufficient capital, and he | then returned, and, pointing to the intelligence from the American and Ew ‘een forbidding tears for their exile, asking regret for | it ray obtaia immediate publication without | working at his trade, Cearpenter:) Out log house is Usnud Bey, ouid to his mistress, ata let me | tinents in six duys, instead of, as now, in twe . “A , a i rs , i al- fourteen. ie 01 > heir Fy eee a Ammaries has | RAYi0R beew submitted o the Pope, the same re: fey, in te ile thao, Mineo i of the flere | Mossul, the. Seherman.- I know all.” At these | ter teas with euiete: dome wo contemplate . like the immense enterprise of a wire under the Atlantic. Short Notices on French Manners. FRENC 7 CurL DEE, ber 28, 1860 ARIS, Septem! 5 For the last half hour I have been from my window on a lively group of rosy-c! chil- dren. There they are still playing at ‘all hande. round” about a pile of leaves, which the winde off an one autumn heve loosened from the boughs of” the tall chestnut trees of the garden. Now and then they break the circle, and, with merry laugh-- ter, throw over each other the red, brown, russet and wee remeis mol Se Cry 1s beautiful foli- - One can almost they are singing those dear little stanzas used on atmail er cocasiens by oury young people in broad-brimmed horn hats and ittle aprons, and commemorative of the rare merits of ‘*sweat beans and barley corn.” The illusion: would be complete, were not the flashing black eyes so much more numerous here than the soft blue. What animation of countenance! what lightness and grace of motion !*what de! of feature! Too much delicacy perhaps; we it be better pleased if the were a little more robust and vigorous. Poorfellowa! It is not their fault, for they have not reached their present young state of sevelopeniaas except by passing: through the hardest trials, Their growth has been a veritable progress under difficulties. Why should sot I here record their sorrows, and let the mothers in America hear their cries, 90 con~ stant but usavailing ? For the first few moaths of his existence the French baby is a close prisoner: arms are pinned down cloge to his sides, an? his legs deprived of all liberty of movement. H+ is literally rolled up as a bundle. The Indian pa- pooet wrapped up ina blanket and strapped to a rd, is not more motionless. Set him on end and steady him well; he stands np as stiffly as an old person. It makes little difference, for that matter, whether you set him on his head or his feet, for, in rigidity, he resembles the Egyptian mummy. At hfs birth, he bids a tearful adieu to the pleasures, so highly prized by unsweddled babies, of working with his hands ‘and feet, put- ting himself in the attitude of a Lilliputian boxer. stretching and kicking out, and rejoicing in hie half consciousness of newly-acquired liberty. He is condemned to rest for some time a stock-stilt observer of the world on which he has entered. Some two hundred little fellows thas bandaged up, may be seen in the large hall of the foundli ospital: from thirty to forty of them laid paralle: to each other on the sloping bed before the fire, locking like e@ many billets of wood, ali ticketed: at one end, and protesting in their manner against so stif] a reception. Ah, if this were their only complaint! But no, all the necessary arrangements for getting rid of them have long been made by their pareats. They are treated as wowelcome visiters, incumbraaces ona narrow fortune, intruders into a world al- ready over peopled; consumers and not producers. The property they have in common with the leect: is inconvenient and vexatious. Lnexorable fash- ion decided long ego that nature, in requiring @ mother to nurture ber own ofispring, has _beem guilty ofan egregious and vulgar blunder. What? sacrifice personal beauty and the pleasures of so- ciety to maternal afiection! Pure folly. Custom has sanctioned the decision of fashion, and now the portrees, the femme de chambre, the milliner, and the wives of the shoemaker, the tailor and the grocer, abandon their children as readily as the aristocratic beauties of the higher circles. The benevolent Society to Encourage Mothers to Nurse their own Children, with all its efforts through per- sonal influence and tracts, have not been able to arrest this custom. Ha; the children whose parents are rich enough to keep a nurse in the house! If she “hae been well selected and well supervised, she leaves them strong and healthy, having been, all things considered, no bad substitute for a selfish mother. But the vast majority of Paris infants are not 8> fortunate. A few days after their birth they are sent into the country, one, two, ten, fifteen, some- tumes as much as fifty leagues, and placed under the care of some peasant women, who, for a month- Z nd, agrees to return them in good order at e end of oue or two years. Such is the general- nese of this custom that a French Herod, who should wich to eluy all the children ia this capital * two years old and under,” would tind few victims, except the children of persons too poor to put them, out to nuree, and too aflectionate to send them to the hospital. I have seen somewhere in a French author an eloquent philippic be poe the custom ie @ certain nation of savages, of patting to death the old and feeble among them; bat I have seen no. evidence that the sense of humanity has beer. deeply wounded by the custom of deserting infaats, #0 general in this country. Aud yet such a customs is to us inexplicable on any koowna theory of hu- man nature. Can we conceive of a mother gazing with a joy, which makes her heart palpitate, on the vac the: ntl cones h his alabaster arma iolded on his little breast, and his lips, “ jike two rod rosas on a xtosk, x “Which, in their summer beauty, kissed each other. and, the next instant, sending him to wither in the fetid atmosphere of some country hut ? But he is seat, the parents miking many resola- tions about going out frequently and surprising the nurse. But the read is long and tine precious ; after a little whilé this vigilance is relaxed, and’ long months glide way between the vizits. The nurse has her own Giiuire to attend to; so she ban- dages the child up from heed to foot in the approve » draws the curtains atgund the cradle, which she pushes up ia a dark corfér, and sallies forth to visit the neighbors or to labor in the ffelds. He may strengthen his lungs by Srying of sleep, as he may choose, until her return. The same nurse: has not unfrequently four or five infants uader her care at the same timé, managing to eke out misera- bly the deficiency in their nourishment with soup, pap, end mashed potatoes. When the mother ew months afterwards, to see her eherub- boy, with the dimples on his plamp litle she does not recognise him in the wi faced creature, with livid marke under his eyes, and long thin bluish fingers, which is presented to her. Then comes a flood of bitter tears, forced out by the stingings of remorse; this is followed by @ severe rating of the negligent nurse,who does not fail to retorton the indifferent mother. The scene closes by the father’s taking the child to- seme other nurse, and visiting it more here ames A ‘The child often falls @ victim to the ruggedaess of his treatment: the mortality among children at nurse rune up to a fearful ratio. But imagine the child to have reached the age when custom requires his return to the house of parents, that is to say, of one or twe years. Fora month or two previous he has been well fed and petied My his nurse, whose conscience as well as interest leads her te take this unusual pains. He teaches his father’s house a stranger, and is afraid up the grand stairwuy and sees so many eyes fixed on him. He clings to his nuree’s side, and begs herto take him home with her. When leaves him he is inconsolable, and, for many cries to get back to mother in the He will not believe that the fine lady who now tak him is his mother, for he has never seen her before. It seems to us that the love betweea a mether and her child thus ht back to her can never become so beautifal as it is in countries not so far led away fron nature by a falve civilization ; and that to this cause may be traced the almost entire absence al the Pari- -_ 4 what we my of ppy family ci a chi foo apt, as ws up, to repay, with in- a, the jadidicrence of hie parents towards him ditierence in physical developemeat among people, those of certain classes being, alrnost without exce and vigorous, and meagre as ague tients, may we not find a sufficient one inthe ons. tom just described ? One word es to the nurses. In the picturings of French manners and customs exhibited of late irs to the American people in such rich pro- ion, thie class seems to have been forgotten. And yet it is numerous enough—more than four thonsand are ¢ ‘ed by the singlé institation of the Paris Fow Hospital; to these add pd employed LM, imilar logeutions in the c departmen you have a entred thousand, without count ~~ number engaged by individual Nursiag & business—a eommerce—a branch of ind > as well as making wine or manufacturing cloth’ The peasant, when he marries, calculates on it as a source of revenue: his own children are to be brought up by hand, and the birth of him at least five ~4- ie meskys to tors arrangements wit! tal and the neighboring town, to have ft Fyn by children sent to him to be taken care of. Thia care, though inferior to that taken of and — Lg i = wolf, is to be at from en t ete ~ é aed eo month for each, which e cannot ma h enters as 8 nurse into the fuinily of cease heh bears geois. At first she ig obsequioue, awkward, and Omid. Her manner changes as the trepidations Pe a Parents teach her her power. vente, tat y pry ser- lishment. As the health of the child demands that she shall not be crossed and pat stants chee ak strict orders are given to the domestics to obey 8 infancy. And if we seek for the cause of the . over the whole estab- -