The New York Herald Newspaper, October 19, 1850, Page 3

AFFAIRS IN EUROPE. Our Berlin Correspondence. Bexin, Sept. 30, 1850. ‘The State of Affairs in Prussia-—History of the Changes Affecting the Trades Muntcipal Laws of Germany—Thewr Effect—Opposition of the Rich to the Poor—Return of the Court te Ber- lin--The Position of Hesse Cussel—The Action of Prussia—General Radowitz— American Honors to Jenny Lind, §¢. ‘The retrograde movement of this country, which ‘commenced with the counter-revolution of Novem- ber, 1848, and the assumption of the reins of go- vernment by the Brandeaburg-Maateuffel ministry, is beeoming daily more evident. Although it would be impossible to state all the facts that bear out this assertion in the space of a letter, there are a few salient points to which I would call your at- tention, end which prove to demonstration the in- tentions of the goverament, not only to erase all traces of the revolutionary movement, but even to do away with such liberal institutions as have been enjoyed by Prussia for nearly half a century. After the disaster of Jeaa, which crushed the Prussian monarchy to the earth, and all but put an end to its existence, the late King—having disco- vered, by sad experience, the incapacity of his for- mer advisere—cbose for his Prime Minister Baron Stein, a liSeral minded man, who introduced gra- dual ameliorations in several branches of govern- ment. I will give an instance of some of these changes in the system, which took place under his administration. In this country, as well as in other parts of Germany, there was, and is still, in gome places, a law in force requiring all trades. men to belong to certain priviliged guilds and corporations, and prohibiting any person from carrying on atrade who had not served a regular apprenticeship to it. This regulation had the effect of the Hindoo system of castes; it confinad every one to his original occupation, prevented good ‘workmen from taking to another trade if it suited them becier, and kept back everything in the same jogtrot way in which it had been going on for ages, M. de Stein rescinded all such medieval laws, and threw open every branch of trade to any one who thought proper to take out a licence, (the same as in France,) the charge varying according to the extent of the business. For mechanics it was very ow, and relieved them from all further restrictions with regard to guilds or corporations. Such the state of things previous to the revolution. A new ldw proprosed by the Minister of Commerce, M. von der Heydt, and accepted by the late servile Chambers, will effect a complete change, or rather it may be suid to restore the former system. No mechanice, handicraftamen, manufacturers, butch- ers, bakers, &e, are to be allowed to carry on their respective trades, without joining a guild, exhibiting their skill, and proving that “y have served their time as apprentices and journeymen, and their indentures have been regularly entered. The time they are obliged to serve will be from three to five years, according to the branch of trade; and any pergon carrying on a trade without undergoing an exami- nation, is subjected to a heavy fine. A council, elected from bosses journey men ia about equal Proportions; are to be the judges of the proficiency of the applicant, and keep out all interlopers, no one being admitted to the examination without having served a pe pe This is, in fact, matiing on aad to all competition, map ing an eflectual barrier against improvement, since the most skilful workman in the world will not be allowed to exercise his eshaios unless he has passed though the prescribed routine. Should an Arkwright ever arise in Germany, this absurd re- gulation we vld prevent him from wielding any ia- strument but his razor. The next new law, now coming into operation, Tefers to the municipal administration of the cities, and is intended to modify aa ordinance of 1908, which gave every citizen a vote in the election o! the civic authorities. This was a kind of charter granted by the late king, orrather by Stein, who was of opinion thst the best wey to accustom the people to the exere f more important fanctions was, to be- gin by investing them with the power of choosing their own local officers. Unfortunately, it became evident during the revolution, aud for some time afier, that (irre wasa ?_? democratic element in the municipal council, which camayes itself on various cccarions in a manner most displeasing to the King and his Ministers. To weaken this, and to strengthen the congervative faction, the mode of election introduced for the second chamber, and which | beve analyzed in a former report, was applied to the corporation elections; that is to say, the cicizens were divided into three classes, according to their income, each class electing the same number of common councilmen. By this ad- mirable arrengement, the vote of a man of ri or goes as far as that of ten persons wit! of oply $809, while such citizens as are eepers, or who state their anaual receipts £200, which is the case here with many of the poorer classes of tradesmen, are altogether excluded from voting. 4 maoceuvres of this kind, about 15,000 voters, mostly belonging to the demo- cratic party, were struck off the lists, while 8,000 officers of government and placemea, who by the former laws were not aMowed to take any share in municipal elections, were admitted. The result was euch had been anticipated, place- | ts, great manufacturers, known as opera of the powera that be, and (Radzivil) a coasin of the King, | yemhers of the munietpal council, as ons to wateh over the welfare of the citizens, and examine the accounts, expenditures ot the city. The dem being thus entirely excluded, and t) King and hie mioisters accormplished to the fullest extent, a dejutation of the newly elected members of the town council waited on his Majesty at Pots dam to inform hig that the city of Berlia had now emerged from the trammels of the “party of de- struction,” and vindicaied ite ancient repatation for loyalty and devotion to the cause of monareby. la the traneperts of joy occasioned by this victory, they came to entreat his Majesty and the Queea to take up their resideace again at the capital —— neither of them have slept a night since the first days of the revolution). This depatation was moet graciously r+ ceived by the King, who, ia his usual fengthy ard pompous style ot speechif pre the heartfelt eatusfaction he exper the result of the elections, and promised to retura to Berlin ee soon asthe Queen, who is in delicate health, should be safficiently recovered to leave her preeert residence. [t is said that the 15th of October, bis Majesty's birth day, will be fixed on | for his triarphal eatry into the 3 and there are | f illuminations, and other he new town coaneil pro- spicious event. The peo- ated in his return «re the parveyors and other hangers on, who expect te pecuniary advantege fromit; as for the public in general, they care very little about it, whether he etays here or got. In fact, the late revolutionary movement has been weceeded by an apathy in politics, of which Amercau, who has not beea oa the conti- jurope, cam form no idea. The police ol. About a thousand armed consta- ly patrolling the etreets, and per- sons who ore “suspected of * at arrested without any ceremony the town in twenty four hours, oo pain of imprison- ment. The other day a farce was performed at one of A pag ey ve um! to eh of the yolice sent word to the man unless there 9 were omitted at the next performance of the ptece, he would have his thea- tre closed. Atthe same time he despatched ten constables to the house, with orders to station themselves behind the scenes, and iminediately seize the peiformer in whose part the obnoxious ex- pressions occurred, if he should again make use of them. As it happens, the manager of the theatre po od ie AS syere ~ ay) Uy for- mer ne agent bimself, and oa his ap jisertion to the Minister of the Interior, the co were orde the | the heel! order of Jesus, celebrated for his astute, though ‘The Phases of California. enoceauicamanahip, mi power of cle | lar bgnt and glowing nisacs af Galithian uence, m a Geter. Many people suspect Lim to be a secret ad- adventure are occasionally darkened by narratives herent of Austria, others are of opinion that he has | Of murder and reckless violence, tem y tend- no other object in view but the supremacy of the | img to repress the feeling of admiration entertained tholic chureh ; it is positive, however, that he for the wonderful success which has followed the enjoys the unreserved confidence of the king, and | Population of that settlement. The accounts just that he is the soul of the administration to which | Feceived allude, with more than customary, serious- Count Brandenburgh lends his name, and of which | B€8® to these outbreaks at the “‘diggiugs,” and to Baron Manteuffel was so long believed to be the | the sertainty that prevailed of the Mexicans and primum movie. How ‘e will retain his posi- | Indians finding themselves theroughly worsted, Tion it is possibie to foretell bat there is a should they attempt to maintain their system of feeling in the country that he has only attained so | ##sussination and plunder, at the expense of the proud an eminence to meet with a more rapid and | honestly industrious and well disposed mners. In the midst of these discouragements, we find, how- ever, that the energy and enterprise of the various netions who have contributed to furnish their quota of the entire community—whether Chinese, d+ wich Islanders, Anglo-Saxons, or others—have been unabated; and while some are exploring new districts, for the purpose of opening fresh placers in the interior, others are occupied at the teedinn port, in bringing its business advantages iato pro- minent notice, and establishing for the trade of the coust those facilities which it so eminently de- serves. When it is considered that little less than two P i since, California was almost a desert, so fur as general exploration went—und that, save to overwhelming fall. The accounts received of the unparalleled ho- nors rendered to Janny Lind in New York, have excited some surprise and not a little amusement here. You know it was from this capital that the Swedish luminary of cong first dawned upon the world; and though she met with her due share of applause from the Berlin public, it never rose to that frantic piteh of ectaey which mars her recep- tion by the inhabitants of the city of Gotham. The Germans who have beenao often twitted eith their musieal enthusiesm, are delighted to find that they are far outdone in this line by the Ame- ricans, whom they have been always accustomed to revere as an eminently staid, eesinsghesm’ Ci pad the straggling settler and the native, its nvers and ot people. — resources Were not in the least appreciated, or un- Our French Correspondence. derstood—its advancement and sudden trausition from what may be termed rude barbarity to active life and civilization, seems to be rather the work of enchantment than of positive and traceable pro- ess. When it is remembered, also, that within this period of time a population of 300,000 has been attracted to the country—that numbers of these have abandoned the comforts and enjoyments of the world, tempered by the gradual process of re- finement and education—and that, in isolated in- stances alone, have complaints been made respect- ing exaggeration of its capabilities or its mineral Cag or admission must be frankly aad can- didly tendered that its progress promises to be, on the whole, satisfactory and lasting. In the wide range of human probab lities it is not unlikely that Panis, October 3, 1850. Miuhtary Revicws—Political Designs and Recom- mendations— Attacks om the Press—Louis Pht- lippe’s Wiudow—Affairs in Piedmont—The Czar of Russia—Spain and Cuba—Drplomajic Move ments, §c., §c. The political statu guo in which we are, is only interrupted, here and there, by reviews of the troops residing in the neighborhood of Paris, by the President, either at Verrailles, or at St. Maur. You have no idea of the fuss made here about these displays of forces. There was, yester- | checks and obstructions may occur, as have oc- day, one of these amusements, which took place at | curred in the history of all other rising settlements, Versailles, and at which much champagne and red fo comparase fap cuges, Goaree ie eran aires yearly tat Presa of the | endeavors of the American to overcome obstacles, even under the most disheartening circumstances, Napoleon, escorted by his Aides de Camp, Measrs, | have already been powerfully and well ‘exemplified Fleury, Menneval, General Roguet, and Colonel inthe chaanee which have s0 speedily fullowed the Ney, arrived at about eleven o’clock, where he had ime arene Preagione CE BT b at li ur ities 0! we bee - been preceded by General Changarnier, and the camden pkey penplion are Gheadily fate petite guerre immediately began. This sham fight | heir way, not oniy to the principal Atlantic cities, was acted by the 14th and 37th regiments of the | Considered beyond desputes the rapid. commusicn line, and the 3d battalion of Chasseurs 4 Pied, com- , manded by’General Renaud, and by the 2ith, 24, and 29th regiments of Voltigeurs, under the com- tion afforded by the mail-line steamers securing mand of General Sauboul. When the display was transit in a and convenient manner. What effect these supplies may have upon currency eventually, it is not our desire to diseuss at present. All thi ascertained now is, that the money over, the ‘lunch ” took place, and, excited by the | mi York and Lon have been sea- liquor, delighted by the flavor of segars, the offi- itty exualized by this influx of bullion 5 end cers, and part of the soldiers, uttered the cries of | (po. re the’ Deroantiio cieammnanie “Vive Napoleon !” “ Vive ’Empereur.” But, in | apprehensi i om approoching pressure. The order to confess the whole trnth, I will say that | e¢knowledgment of this relief may, nevertheless, several soldiers shouted, also epub- be accepted as a gratifying indication of the benefit lique!” At about four « veviell ee — from the developement of these auriferous over, the enthusiasm we Uae President Butit is notonly to Culifornia we look for pro- was returning to the | as a “lark.” ihe pe i rrp ear thane xe, ones spots and ‘ other localities that must seasil feel the operation Many interpellations 1 for the open- | of this extraordinary coureaaee and nrhiche must ing of the National / ly, relative to these pastimes of a prince, which cost, each of them, about 20 or O francs. tis to be remarked that General Changarnier never stays to the * iunch,” end that he retires without ever taking a glass of weter. But how ie it that he allows such a “ bom bastic dieplay”” to take place, when he could put in his veto?” One of cur statesmen, whose wit aud malice are well knowa in Paris, speaking about these military dimers sur Uherbe, pretended that Louis Napoleon was “ less a warrior thana restaurateur ;” and this bon mot has caused mi aot t an haya circles, —— ages been Tepe y e langues of 1 ries opposed to the President... 5H bere ure at the Elysée, two camps, formed b; the friends of Louis Napoieon. Messrs. Viellard, Abate \d Casabianca are the “white headed Mento the Prince, commanding, at all times, to keep calm, prudent, and to respect the occasion. ‘Their adyice 1, that the President ought to await the end of his time in 1862, and then to ran achance of re-election by the people, in spite of the constitu- tion of 1818. The other camp is commanded ; Messrs. de Persigny, Vaudrey, Briflunt, Veron an Komien, who are dail; citing Louis Napoleon to undertake adventures, tient efiorts, and uncon- etitutional attempts, call Césurismes, from the book latery, published by Mr. Romien—ULre des shortly participate im the grand scheme of civiliza- tion working out in that direction. California has been planted strongly and firmly. Introduced aad constituted one of the States of the Federal Union, its position has been properly and thoroughly re- eognized. Few years will have to elapse ere its importance will meet, on either ‘side of the Atlan- tic, “ith a ready acquieseence. Connection with California is sure, before long, to ~~ out the path for interchange of trade with Central America; the five States comprised within that territory will re- ceive new life and energy; the past will be absorb- ed in the prospect of the future; and when the trade of the East shall e been brought within more reasonable bounds by the junction of the At Jantic with the Pacitic Oceans, the whole of districts will spring into full activity, securin, themselves that fair share of their commercial condition which itherte been denied them, —— revalence of the anarchy and in- subol tion distinguishing their previous career. —$—___—__,—- Anmrican Artic Exvrpition.—The latest news from Lieutenant De Haven is derived from the English papers which merely mension the receipt of a letter at Aberdeen, in Scotland, from the mate of the whale ship Alexander, of Dundee, stating that the two American vessels Advance and =e: cue, were west of Devil’s Thumb, Greentand. core. nae Sen ot HH Bo rg advise | Flow far west is not stated ; nor is anything said of a eee ee crise tt come will’ Leta | the ice. The latter is dated July 25, 1850. Devil's ‘Thumb is situated in latitude 74 16 longitude 57 56 est. ‘This meagre account furnishes but little informa- tion, and affords no clue to the probable subsequent movements of the vessels in their attempts to pass the middle ice, which almost always occupies a large jon of Beflia’s Bay, stretching north and sow aving on iis eastern and western sides open water during summer. Previous advices placed the expedition at the Whale Fish Islands, latitute 68 59 N., longitude 5315 W.,on the 29th of June last; after which time, up to the 25th of July, it appears to have ad- wae toward the north about five degrees of la- titude. With this very limited knowledge of the progress of the expedition, while it would be idle to enter vpon apy speculations as to its success or failure the | present season, it may yet be weil to look at the .cesages mede across Baflin’s Bay, by the several English expeditions during the last thirty years. ‘The first of these expeditions, unde mand of Captain John Ross, passed Devi about the Mich of July, 1818; it weat round fo the north of the widdie ice, and reached Lan- caster Sound, in 74 deg. 3 min. N, 8l deg 23 min. Nepoleon take a decisive stand? A future, which is very near us, will enswer that question. As for the Society of the 10th of December, the number ot his adepts is daily increasing; and, th men are not much to be feaved, their number is nevertheless too great to be thus @c- ‘d without comments © doubt that society will furnish the cause of many interpeliations at the National Aseembly, a8 soon as it shall be coa- regated. . ‘The message of the President to the National Assembly, is on the tapis, and the muisters of Louis Napoleon are busily engaged in arra ing, it according to the terms of the constitution. Never- theless, | understand that one of the principal points will be the demand made by the general councils to revise the constitution of 1843. I do not think thet dhe mejoriy of the House will be wm faves of that revigion. Mr. De Persigy{went, four days ego, to London, ard his sudden geparture wes the cause of several interpretations, am<ng which | will oaly mention that of & mission loan to be made in England for the Elyrée. This having,been publisned by the journal L’Ascnbice Nationale, caused the serure ‘of that newspaper, under U sation ef having attempted to moult the ent. The journal, Ws on the Slat of August, y " js ol ptuin Parry entered the middle iee on the 2st tke Mire or yieeny se Sele tet ore of July, 1819, in 71 deg. N. latitude, and 59 deg. W. longituce; reached the open water on the 20h, in 73 deg. O1 min N,Otdez 13min. Wy having crossed the in a nearly direct westera course ia eight da In 1824, zaty entered the ie on the of July, iv latitude 71 deg. 2 min 58 deg. 36 min. W., acd was nearly two months boring aud saw- je now a wor deelared on the prevs in general, and thet we ehali have to struggle w conquer anew our freedom. All this leads us to another elecutic revolutionary shock, and without aay doubt we shall feel it, sooner or later, for it is una- voidable. The Count of Chambord and lady have suddeuly 7 3 ing through it. He firet met wrth open water on yet ann fae Fe gg ey the 9: hot September, latitude 74 deg. Li min., M. de Sulvandy had a long interview with the a .. D Hook © 1 Prince, and departed Belgiam, where he gees Captain Joho Rows parsed Black Hook C1ve, a to meet the Orleans fernily. deg min. N., 55 ve min. W.,) wader al sail, having a beautiful view of the Land, on the 29h of July, 1889, On the Gch of August, he came in si bt of Cape Byorn Martio, Possession Bay (73 deg SS min, N , 77 deg. 28 min. W,) bearing due weet about foarteen | s. Lo this pass ge from lend to land across "s Bay, in eight days, there was po obstruciion whatever ‘rorm the ice; end the water, at the lowest temperature observed, was 70 deg. ‘The porvion of Sir Jobn Franklin, when last beard (rom, ‘ uly 20th, 1545,) was latitude 74 d north, longitude O6deg. 13 west—(60 rag the widow of Lovis Philippe, hh her childrea. It oppears that of the Queen of Belgium ts still very bed, end that po hopes of recovery are entertaiaed by the doctors. M. de Latour, Secretary of the Luke of Montpeusier, has been despatched by him to his mother, with the request to ree her and hers and sisters, leaving Ostend and going Andalusia, where they can enjoy a pure air and a settled peace. The news neeived from Piedmont is of a very peculiar kind. Monsigaor Franconi, the Bishop who bed been imprisoned as the author of the scandal which had taken place at the funeral of M. De Senta Rosa, wes t,on the 27th of Sep- tember last, before a court, aud ccndemned to ba- pishment out of the . Inthe meantime, Meusignor Morepgia di Nara, Archbiehop of Cag- heri, who had excommunication upon the uthorities of Se a, Was sles brought before a buna), and, heving refused to retract his curses, sentenced to exile. On the 23d inst., he was 13 1 Whale ehipa had succeeded ia le : iu the middle ice, in latitude 76 deg. on the 221 June of the seme year, 1845. On the 26h of “July, 1948, My sg Ray nd a ° Clarke Ross wes in jatitude 74 de: joes pot give hie longitade, but rem me f the Three tslands of Buti make him about S8 or 59 deg. we the open water west of the jee 01 | guet, in latitude 75 deg. 30 min. N., longitude 68 asin deg W. ‘ Civets Vecchia, "Tin, the renctich ef the revo. | , Caylain Saupdern, in thy tore ship North Star nists “ ti } re titnde 73 deg min N., and longitude Jutiontons proceete ta t, and it is much to | Tei eg 58 mia. W , on the Lath of June, 189). A py mae oe A Jater he had guined but 33 deg. of latitude, of Savoy. revolution of Piedmoot has el- | moO ; coat gs nd not quite three degrees of longitude. His last ise”, eas oe ps Teuter to the, Secretary ef the Aamiralty is dated 1847, the lete king had eighty-seven :million: savings; the debt was very small; a the services were filled with a very exe: ectitude. Since that time the country ha more than two hendred and fifty millions; ie nota emell sum for Piedmont. Jn Tuscany, the Grand Dake has been obliged to blieh a decree, by which the liberty of the pres 1s ebolished ; and this new law has created much rensation. From Rome, at the date of the 2éth inst., we re- ceive inte that the Minister of the Intenor hae decided that the Papal States shoold be divided joto five deperanenta. con isory, at which the cardinale would be named, was to take place 19th Joly, 184%, latitude 74 deg. 3 min. N., loagi- tude 58 0 min W 2 It should be noticed that in all these expeditions the vereela were mode “as strong as wood and iron could make therm ind were fited out with the greatest possible care as to provisions, clothing, and fuel; they had strong and picked crews, aod were commanded end navigated by the most ex- perienced officers and ice masters, yet but two of them may be said to have accomplished bn bom beyond the line treeed by Batlia two hand yeare before, end retraced for the first tune afver- werd, by Captam John Noss, in 181% rry in I824-"25, and of Sir off, and perfor mance allow- ed to veocerde This'is only one out of many in- staners of the capricious and arbitrary sway of the , Wheee zeal outruns their daeretion, and them into excesses, of which their superiors, determined os they are to keep down every expres sion of popular opnien, cannot, for decency’s sake, epprove. German question continaes ia the seme uneetticd state as ever, aed as it has now degenerated intoe mere personal quarrel between dynasties, two embit the mass of the nation appear to become indi to its result, be- ing aware ogg S= way it may turn eut, it adowitz to the of Vikely to improve ite charecter. dein 1 ‘militery woah, @ in ISIS '9, were complete From Sir John Franklin and Ceptain onthe 50th ult. The Czer of Ruesia is exjected at Warsaw, failures. __ The brig Ann Elizabeth, Capt. Eldridge, whieh AFFAIRS IN THE CAPITAL. Our Washington Correspondence. Wasuinaton, Oct. 15, 1850. Mr. Webster, the Nicaragua Treaty, and the Fugi- tive Slave Law—Indian Commissioner to New Mexico—Special Commercial Agent te Japan, §c. The Nicaragua treaty of Mr. Clayton, from the day he received Lord Palmerston’s interpretation, it was discovered would not answer the purpose. What would avail a canal open to all nations, if it is to be blocked up at this end by a British Custom House? We hold that to be the main question; and we do not care to loge sight of it, by travelling over the old ground of Mr. Clayton, Mr. Squier, Mr. Chattield, and Mr. Bulwer. We are more desirous to know Mr. Webster's views and intentions; and we regard it as more im- portant to inquire what is to be doae, than what has been done. Mr. Webster has resolved to fill up the vacuum left in Mr. Claytoa’s treaty—the omission to settle the Mosquite questioa—the only question of any comeespence for diplomacy between United States and Great Britaia, There was in the claim of the Mosquito Protectorate, a nest- for future troubles, canal or no canal; and the of Mr. Clayton to smooth over the entente , by a diplomatic evasion of the issue, was bound to prove unsatisfactory, except upon a matter-of-fact construction to ‘ae sturdy Palmer- ston. That construction, of course, vitiates the treaty; anda document admissible of such con- struction, proves that Mr. Clayton was either taken in, or consented to the trick, while his organe were preaching him up as the great Achilles of diplomacy. It was a sly evasion of a great re- sponsibility, which ought to have been met in lan- guage not admissible of a double meaning. ‘he responsibility thus being thrown upon Mr. Webster, his first object has been to ascertain ex- actly his political bearings in Central America. And for this purpose a special agent has been de- spatched. And, till Mr. Webster shall report the results of the mission to the Senate, or shall, upon these results enter into fresh negotiations, we should suppore the discussion of the subject idle and premature, and a waste of time. ¢ learn that Mr. Webster has constituted him- self é special agent to Massachusetts, to learn the workings of the Fugitive Slave law, and that itis not improbable there will be some executive re- commendations upon the subject to Congress in the annual message, especially if there should be an abolition avalanche in the New York elections. biboen o7 John A Rogers, CE gear tees been appointed a special agent to t with the Indians on the frontiers of New Mexico and Texas. From his extensive experience emong the Iadiaas of Texas, he cannot fail of rendering efficient service. ‘The cabinet, for want of something better, have been sitting upon the question of a special commer- cial agent to Japan, and have, as we understand, determined to recommend one to Congress. ‘Wasuineton, October 15, 1350. Fugitive Slaves—An Important Movement—Case of Mutiny—The Late Mau Robbery, §c. The Fogitive Slave law has “ smoked out” from their places of refuge in the free States so many reneways, thet their value is estimated ay sixteen million of dollars. We have been informed of a design, on the part of Southern slaveholders, to insist thet this government shall, throvgh the Secretary of State, make a demand on her Ma- jesty’s government for the return to the United States of the black fugitives who escape into the British North American provinces. We know that England has maintained that a slave, when he touches her soil, becomes free; but this poiat has been conireverted by our statesmen, and ~¢ asserted in the celebrated cases of the Enterprise. We know not whether will be insisted upoa, but certain it is, that the tdea of making an issue on this point is re- ceived with favor by those who have given to it cepsideration. ees altel cord cleered from Georgetown last Saturday, bound for Boston, was obliged to return wi few miles of Washington, yesterday, in consequence of the mutinous conduct of throe of the four sailors, via: James Matthews, Richard Eccies, and John Fitz- patrick, (a youth nineteen years of age.) The captain, suspecting that they had a plentiful supply of liquor in the hold, had ordered a search by the chief mate, who found a bottle or two of brandy, and threw it overbourd. One of the eailors, with an iron scraper, and another with a long attacked the three ofiicere, who were too smart for their assailants, and eveceeded in felling them to the deck and - them. The owner of the vessel, Mr. John A. Grimes, came to Washington, and consulted with Mr. Fendall, the United States Distriet Attorney, who despatehed Cuptain J. H. Goddard and oflicer Wallard to the vessel, where the mutineers were taken into custody, and after a hearing, were, late last night, brought to Wash- ington, and eately lodged in prison, to remain until the day of trial, during the December term of the Criminal Court, When the Postmaster General heard of the recent robbery of the mail in Philadelphia, he ordered the dismissal of the travelling ageut, Mr. Anderson. Some of the frends of that gentleman have interposed, that he may ai least have a hear- ing. He is a native of this city, It issaid that our principel moneyed men had large sums going the other way, and congratulate themselves on their excape from plunder. ‘The Kepwbtc, of this morning, announces the appointment of Thomas butier Kiag to the Col- lectorship of San Francisco, and so all doubt on this subject is now at an end. He was offered two foreign missions by the administration, both of which he declined. Few men did more than he to bring the whig party into power, and we do not see why he should pot reap some of the fruits of the vietory. He is a clever fellow, and wil make enexeellent officer, Carrtab. Wasninotoy, Oct. 15, 1850. The Administration—The Cabinet, and the State of the Country. The administration, notwithstanding the conser- vative national ground it occupies, will have many difficulties to encounter. The President occupies a position unusually exempt from the jealousies of aspiring politicians, because few of them suppose him to be in the way; he has, therefore, but few intriguers in the ranks of his own party to break him down. He has the advantage of being con- sidered totally indifierent to the succession, and ambitious only of rendering a setisfactory account of hie official term. All the aspirants in the whig ranks, eave one, regard the President, therefore, as eutral, and are well disposed to give him a fai, and generous support. We remember that the de mocrats supporied John Tyler's administration oa the same grounds: because there was no danger from his pretensions, and because in strengthen- ing his hends the common enemy was kept down. With respect, then, to Seott, Webster, Clay, Crittenden, and other whigs prominently standing out as open for the campaign of ‘52, the President, occupying a position of perfect neutrality, has the confidence and support of them eli, and of all their eepecial friende—the litle cliques who do the busi- ners of getting vp the nominations. To this extent, therefore, Mr. Fillmore has the general aid and ae sistance of the whig party. : He has, also, the adventage of a strong cabinet— strong in the confidence of the party, aud strong in the public estimation, and believed to be cordial) united in good faich to aid (he executive in the ration of the goverament—desiyous only of perpetuating the escendency of the whig party and whig prineyples. 7 Mi. Fillmore hes also the advantage of having come in at the nick of time to render prompt eflicient direction to the settlement of the slavery ditputes pending before the Senate on the death of Gen. Taylor, Aud if anything were wanting to place Mr. Fillmore upon high national ground be- re the Whote county, the desideratam wos sup. ied in his cordial co-operation with Mr. Clay and is compeers, in the passage of the several bills of adjueiment. uch ere the advantages of the position of Mr. Fillmore. He bos the general confidence of his perty=is free to a great extent from the jealousies nife, Seonders no tidings have been received of their where it eppe: e will teke op his winter quar- 7 tere mpanied by hie wife and ail the court. | having succeeded in crossing Bath ae The we will live in the palace Larienki, The suecess of the Ame expedition will rest end will also have for country house the castle of shill, prudence, and resolution of its com: Shie The project of a journey to ltaly end the coursge and endurance of his me: Rot Upon the strength of his vessels or of their crews. His litre eraft is too light to bore in the heavy ice, and hie men too few imber saw a through it, at a mores when closely pressed. Lieutenant De Haven’s ‘ion (about 74 deg. N., deg. W.,) on the ohn of July, is not the most favorable one for reaching Wellington chan- nel this year. Yet two of the expediions which have croesed Beflin’s Bay were near the same is attributed to the ne: the epoch of which an important event is sa be likely to toke place. thaps Nicholas will atdicete in favor of his son. : j de la Concha, the new Governor of Ca- ps ghedy stn of the s@ason. ‘arty, the year he mede his grest discovery, was 7A deg. N., 09 deg. W., on the 2lst of July, WI9s and Capt, Sir Jas. Rose was pests, he oe soueninn nee, Gnape et ten, oo Hz, Sa ont, it is bat te fourteen Zaye, aw taem, toetve, mouth, ithe in ndaye Wee twelve in harbor of Port Le , on the Tith of -_ of eapiring rivals: be has the genera! good wishes of the country, the respect of the opposite party, @ cabinet etrong ia the confidence of the people and in the ofiections of the whigs; he hos the eredit of having thoroughly bapticea humself ia the font of nationality, in the aid given to the passng? of the compromise bills; he is believed to be cavsble aad honest, unambitious and devoid of intrigue, frank and open as the day; but with all these advantages in bis faver, there are drawbacks of great weight iu the epposite rcale. is is held responsible for the Fugitive Slave bill. je is clearly out with the Seward interest im New You! Me hes been persuaded to overslaugh a number s Se war ppointments, which has widened the ench. Dis cebinet, preseed to the wall by office-seekera, have been compelled to reeume the work of party proveription of the petty clerks and sweeps ia the Himenta, vce mirc both houses of Congress, 0 term. drawbecks bind bim, hed and foot. Firat, What ore the results following the not adjust Ment? @yen dievsion ia the South, acry of and no pitch hot. and battle and in » The es) cial endorsement of Seward in the New York W! Convention, which rings like the shout of a Parisian Fraen the North Public urering in Soeariaan mobs rak Lectures—The First Monrasat, Oct. 14, 1850. hig | Industrial Exhibstion—School Tax—Gold Mines— and the annihilation of the whigs ral Tea Sule m Canada, §. Jying upon the platrorm of the tariff | Our city continues to receive daily ell Epcot that the endorsement of Seward | *!! 1arters, attracted hither by the cheap railway ¥ the whig convention, will be endorsed by the | f#fes, and the approaching industrial exhibition. ew York ho Oar in his own | The locale of the latter will be found upon the first State, Soteted Br en mercy of an oppositien majority Congress, what is Mr. Fi country is distracted—; cated, and broken up; there is no fratetnity among whigs, North and South, and the only elements united appear to be the elements of diecord. Wohot, then, can Mr. Fillmore*do in any great measures of whig policy? Nothing. Whatean he do to re-unite the whig party? Nothing. What, to secure the uscendency of the whigs ! Nothing. He is at the mercy of the democrats, and they are divided among themeelves. With many very great advantages in his favor, he is in « position almost 48 much entitled to sympathy as John Tyler. Wasurxatoy, Oct. 16, 1850. Important Events—Opening ¢f the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal to Cumberland, Md. ‘There was a celebration in Cumberland on the 10th instant, of the opening of the canal from this District up to the foot of the Alleghanies and the coal mines. This is an event of great importance to this District. The city of Alexandria, alongside of a river navigable for a seventy-four, has excavated @ canal seven miles up, toa point opposite Georgetown, and ut an expense of a million of dollars, has con- structed across the Potomac, with the help of Uncle Sam, an aqueduct, upon which the canal is carried over the river, and joined to the main truak of the canal to Cumberland. And why! Because of the water power for manufacturing purposes which this canal gives to Alexandria, and because of the immense trade expected in the Cumberland coal by the merchants of Alexand in suppl ing the neighborhood, and jhe cities of erfolke Charleston, Savannah, and the Pacific coast, with this Cumberland coal for the ocean steamers On the 4th of July, 1828, John Quiney Aaams, then President ot the United States, before an im- mense multitude, assembled at the Little Falls, four iniles above Washington, struck the first spade in the work of the Chesupeake and Ohio canal.— In putting his sete into the ground it struck a root, so that with all the pressure of his foot he could not sink it. Buthe was not to be balked in that way. He threw off his coat, took upa pick, and cut out the root, and then applying his spade in the precise spot where he first struck it, com- menced the immense work of the excavation of the Chesapeake and Ohio canal in good earnest. That was twenty-two years ago. And the canal has just been completed to Cumberland. Various causes have retarded the work—the want of money being the ince obstacle. The distance from Washington to Cumberland by the canal is about 170 miles; and there is no canal in the United States which, in an equal distance, has required so much cutting through solid rocks, or so many locks, tunnels, and aqueducts as this, always z the Croton canal, which supplies New ty with water. ct advantages to the cities of the old ten mile: uare, Washington, Georgetown, and Alexandria, will be to reduce coal from some 23 and 25 cents a bushel to 15 end 12) centa, equal to a round saving of nearly fifty per cent in fuel. But Alexandria expects a large business in the shipment of Cumberland coal to supply the cities below, and the ocean steamers. Every day the first boats of coal from Cumberland are expected at Georgetown and Alexandria, when there will be a celebration of the event, by the corporate authorities and citizens. Wastineton, Oct. 16, 1850. The Administration Candidate—Oficial. Let the faithful rejoice! It is with unspeakable joy that we announce to the constant and stead- fast communicants of the whig church, amid all the backslidings and schisms produced by the devil and his angels, that the President, while coming modesty he refuses to be put forward as the whig candidate fer 1852, or even as a candidate for the year of our Lord aforesaid, does desire the whig church militant and orthodox to understand, that he, Millard Fillmore, Dei gratia, President of the United States, prefers Mr. Webster to anybody all be- else, for his successor. And we are avthorized to say to all good whigs in office, and to all official publishers of the laws, and to all who desire oflice, or who may desire to publish the laws, upd to such democrats in office who wish to make their peace be it is too late, that their advocacy of the claims of Mr. Webster for 1852, uatil otherwire ordered, will be held good and eonclusive of their orthodoxy, and in behalf of their retention in, OF promotion to, some of the drippings of the Treesury. The schismaties of New York are turned overto Joho Van Buren, Isiah Kyndere, W. H. Seward, M. Tompkins, and the “outside barbarians,” where there will be the “devil to pay, Our Caracas Correspondence. Caracas, Sept. 20, 1850. The Result of the Prendential Blection— The Anti- cipated Effects. I have bat a moment to write to you before the sailing of a vessel for St. Thomas, and shall b brief. We have received the re cantons of the re publi: ad, es far as electors go, the result seems evident--Monagas has carried the day. In Camana, and some of the town: of the east, Rendon, the Senator of Cumana, ceeded far beyoud the most sanguine hopes of his many admirers. The elections in this city will, no doubt, be contested, as having beea ilie- gally gone through. In miny other towns of the republic the same will occur. Many hundreds of voters refused to cast their votes fer any one, seem- ing to think that it would be of little avail to oppose the President's Should José Gregono Menagas be the placed beyond tron but that Venexuel ne ofa er revelution than the one cle has just gone thro In the prov Jumeana and Barceloas, hun- | dreds are we his Presideacy. Ie bumeell ec as @ hon, and, | might add, quite ax van Who will gy Jeagth to | secure bis ende, and q eee aud Gascrupu- lous as to the means ment. As for his a they are easily enumerated; he is perivetly devoid of education, gh when it comes to fightiag, he has few periors; & nan elected, not by the well-meaaing id respectable portion of the pe of the lowest claes, foria 8 in their attata- *zuela, even Such is the o whe * next four yi role the destinies of J: exuele, which, ha would be the gar the mon who is called to sten have been gathering for y threate nie rueh in upon country. We had hoped tha me one would have taken the helm, who, with steady would erty her and anflmching dec the +torm that which seems as inevitable, as it will certainly prove ruinous to the country. Deatu rrom Hypxornona —Joseph Hant, of Westchester, State, died on Friday last, of ydrophobia, ing first exhibited symptoms of disease on the Tuestay preceding. Mr. H. called in @ physician on Wedoesday, and etated to him the symptoms of hia case, and his fears that the disease was hy drophobia—that he had several weeks previously been attacked by his own dog, and bitten in the wriet of-his right arm; that he ed the disease would be fatal, and desired to ¢ some temporel arrangements. He was en- urely resigned to his fate—seemed te entertain no hope ef recovery--and besged of his physicians to put an end to bis life by bleeding. Dutlag Thars- day night and Friday, the character of the disease became most violent and alarming. The spasms | came and went in rapid successon, and at the time they were on, it required several persona to hold bao. During the intervals of the spasms he was calm and ‘4d, and conversed freely with his attendants, with his uniform strong common sense. The epasme appeared to cause him the most intense egony, and he apticipated their a, h with feel ge epperently of the utinoet . He com: pleimed of severe pain in his brenst and lungs, and told his medical attendant that his sufferings were inexpressible and inconceivable. Mr. H. was bit ten on Friday, sine weeks preceding the day of his death. On Thursday, the nerves of the patient became extremely sensitive, and the of a stranger, or a breath of air, would bring on a spasm. ‘One of the first marks of his disease were two black Which appeared at the root af the tongue, and as the ly. advanced, the beceme complete! red. In his 1 moments, he ex da fear that bi oF injure nite, that is paroxyems were ve: ndcan- | that will be | , but by the | aad tefl to *. floor of the building known as thej Bonsecours ilmore to dot The ies are distracted, dislo- | luntary act on the part of the committee, inasmuch Market. The selection of this place was an invo- as no other building sufficiently capacious could be obtained in Montreal. The building isa solid, ime poring looking, structure of massive limestone. The upper basement is occupied by butchers, poulterers, and fishmongers, and opens upon St. Paul street. The lower basement partially arched, for cellars, is the resort of fruit and vegetable deal. | ers, and opens on Commissioner street, facing the St. Lavyence. Above the upper basement, in the centre of th» building, staircases of moderate pro- portions lead to the first floor, which presents to the eye a hall fifty feet square, from whence open two superb rooms, right and left, each two hun- dred and fifty feet long, and of proportionate width and height. In these rooms will be found coliected the articles entered for exhibition. The chief ob- jection to their employment, is the risk and ex- pense of lifting the bulkier specimens, such as ores, steam-engines, e. But with these details the spectator has nothing todo. He will admire the vast size and substantial character of the rooms, and, standing in the hall, will sweep his eye over congregated thousands, intermingled amid the preducts of our land, and the worthiest procts we can adduce of our progression in the arts and sciences. The building in question was erected by the cor- poration, and forms one of the items of their assets. ‘he total debt of the city is $800,000. The pro- perty they own is valued at $600,000; and the rly income $140,000. Yet the corporation of poverty, and are pressed for money, ities having been unwisely rende: payable too ly to permit the realisation of their resources. The taxetion falls exclusively upoa real estate, tavernkeepers, carters, auctioneers, &c. The capitalist contributes nothing. But this anomaly will soon cease, as there are symptoms of the New York system of taxation being copied, whereby personal property will bear its legitimate | share. In the Place D’Arms, a handsome substantial iron railing, ornamented pattern, is being pli between the stone pillars, at each corner of the square. Other quarters of the city are underzoing embellishment. The palace for the Roman C itho- lic Bishop, now erecting, on the north side of this city, next the Bishop's church, is a bold and mas- terly conception; and, when finished, will, as « specimen of architectural skill and finish, surpasa all other edifices, save the parish church of Notre Dame. On Sunday, the first stone of the new college of St. Marie, intended for the use of the Jesuits in this city, was consecrated. Thet order of religion have taken deep root here, and have adually assumed the education of the French an an youth, and they will be instrumental in removing from the next generation the reproach of ignorance. ’ In the district of Three Rivers, there has been a resumption of those troubles consequent upon the imposition of the school tax, which came to @ crisis in the spring, and called for the interposition of the military. The language of the discontent- ed is: “If we tamely permit a tax for schools to be imposed, we open the door to all manner of taxation. We don’t object to the schools, but we resist the principle of the tax.” Several of the rioters were apprehended and tried before the criminal court, but all escaped unpunished. No one doubted their guilt, or that they had been the perpetrators of violence; but proof was not forth- ing, and witnesses for the crowa Repraricnsed, » perjured themselves, for which two them are now in j The burning of barns and dwelling houses, and otherwise persecatiag and terrifying the offi » school commissioners, and magistrates, is the form which theu hostility hes assumed. he Quebec papers disclose the existence of a similar spirit, though pursuing @ different channel. One Patrick Fitzpatrick, #18- cted by the Irish residents of that city as ee instrumental in the capture of Smith O'R. was driven, by bis apprehension, to publish « le, reepectabl ned, atiesting hisingoceace, and exculpating himself from the accusation. The © journals repeat the eulogies which appeared he Montreal papers, when Mr. aod Mr. ugh, the temperance lecturer, made their ap- pearence. Mr. Lord treated in bis discourses freely upon monks, monastic vows, and monarch- jem, rather delicate topics under the shadow of the Romen Catholic church. Me Gough's repa- tation as a epeaker, indaced the frieads of the tem- [rhace cause here to invite him hither, where pie mission bes prospered Ile volanteered two addresses to the private soldiers of the 20th [egi- ment, one thousand strong, wader the auspices of Lieut. Col Horn. It is suid he created many m tie tar \ | converis. ‘he gold mines in the county of Beauce, south of Quebec, are lauded by the Canadian, which Pan) “that the results thus far obiaimed are al nost tebulous, and as wonderful us those of California.” The eame journal makes mention of blocks of iron ore, brought from the county of Megantic, couthwest of Quebee, which it asserts “ are doubly #8 rich as any of the iron ores of the British Isles. ‘They were shown at the Quebee exhibition. Me- = isreported to be rich ia mineral wealth; put untila railway penetrates that country, which is situated between New Hampshire and the St. | Lawrence, the mines must remain unexplored. | The i dol Anticosti, eituated at the entrance | of the Golf of St Lawrence, is likewise invested | with soppoeitious wealth. The area of the island i at, as its leagth is above 80 auiles, and miles Mardis quarries exist there, which it is proposed to work he aid of coavier | converoog the pow wainbabiied islend inte @ pe | setilement. The plan is to make it the grand | feat ost Jor the empire, and convert it from peing a desolate and langerous spot, into a source of uve und profit. The low sloping character of the coaet, aud the perplexing currents, couse —_ shipwrecks upon the island; indeed, for » | | casualties, it is pamfully celebrated. It fs intended, | | ' should it be seleeted asa convict station, to employ the criminals in constructing harbors of refuge, fortifications, and euch other permanent works. ‘The proj-ct is faverably viewed by the people of | Quebec, who are so largely interested ta every- | thing which promotes their shipping trade. | They were called upon to participate a few | days since, in the imposing solemnities of the funeral of Jospeh Signay, he late Archbishop. The | foneral cortége included all the dignitaries, civil, | teligious, and military, all the professions, anda large proportion of the population. The ‘troops, consisting of the 1th and 79th regiments, were | drawn wy in twolines, through which the proces | t1on peseed. Ax the officietiag Bishop came the soldiers presented arms. The body was upon the alter, andevery corner of the church was crowded. The corporation showed some ferling, because they were pot arsigned a more distin- guished position in the procession. | _In the city of Montreal, the most interesting eveat | of the pest Week was the sale, by pavic aucnon, of | the fiiet cargo of teas direct from Uhiaa, which has taken place for many long years. The veasel was a smell sized one, cerryiog a quantity deemed salfi- cient for the Canada market. The log was spirited, end the eutire importation, wh sotd for $120 C00, aiepesed of in three hours. he follow. ing list Of prices is autheateally correct, and may be found of interest to some of your readers:— 1518 baif.cheste Young Myron, 14 6. to 2s. 6 | 22 double ob: ste do, 2 Guy d ; 89 onttine do... 6 $00 balf-chests Txaukay, Is, luigd. to 28 Od ald te ea 28. Vigd. to 2a. 2) je der, Bs, 1nd; 12 boxes Flowery bdo. Oolong, ie Shed; 40 catties Old Hysom, Be ; 25 do. 2s to ds. Od : bdo. (oherte) le vid 2D Old Hyeoa, 24, 44. to 2s, 4364 ; 10 do. Oun- } from Brunswick, and the Attorney Wilmot. The tormer 1s a low sized, im lookin; ight sandy bair, wich ki y geatlemanly-bke, , and highly educated, plished. They come fere to discuss some qnes tions, respecting the relative boundaries of New Beusswich end Sanada. Upon this topic, Me. Bou- chette publiehed a report, Which Was ao teemed, that the — ture voted him otk of their approbattor re Upper. ‘Canada the railway fever prevails, The following lives are pow on the taps: —The Great Western Railroad, which has a body of men at work, between Hamilton and the Grand River; the Ontario, Simcoe and Huron, for whieh the ca- vital is nearly ©ot d, end the Bytowa aad Prescott, not so far advance Your Fugitive Slave bill is bw rumbers of the colored race into Conada. The prevailing sentiment is sympathy with them and a reselve to succor them. The Toronto jawyers are potitioniny, for the removal of Mr. Jamieson, from the Viee- Chaneellorship. He is the husband of a lady gf that name, well koown to fame as an au The Movtreal Herald says that Mr. the | Inspector General, is about , 0 om ta « bank uoder the new banking law. The sharp frost appeared this morning. B. ise Bee = Te. Get Tapior, Reeveh Veoh. Liew.