The New York Herald Newspaper, January 13, 1850, Page 1

THE NEW YORK HERALD. NO. 5698. The Tehuantepec Route to the Paotfic. New Yorx, Dec. 23, 1849. James Gorpon Bennet, Esq.: Having reeently observed a numberof letters, and / extracts from letters, in the leading journals of this and other cities, purporting to describe the Guezacoalcos river in Mexico, and considering the important influecce which such communica- tions are calculated to exercise at this time—espe- ion of a locality fora ship or railroad (uniting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans) is being diecussed—I beg leave to offer a few extracts from the journal of an officer in the United States bomb brig Stromboli, stationed for many months im the river referred to—prefacing and isterlining them, however, with such unre- -cerded facts and circumstances as may not prove unacceptable to parties about to become interested. After a delay of some ten days or more at Anton Lizardo, in the beginning of May, 1817, we weighed anchor, by order of the commodore, and steod out through the Blenquilla passage, en route te the Guazacoalces river, off which already the Adams and Decatur were then blockading. The distance from Vera Cruz, though less than 120 miles, occupied some three days to overcome, in consequence of light baffling winds, and a stropg and variable current, which at one time set us to the norihward, and subsequently so dar to the eastward of our destination, that on making the land, we discovered ourselves off the mouth of the Tonuiada River, @ branch of the Guazacoalcos ompiying into the gulf twelve miles to the eustward. Here, night coming on, and the soundings varying fiom sixteen to ten fathoms, we dropt ancher—the most eastern point of land in ht, bearing E. N. &., and the most western Ss. At daylight we again weighed, and beat along the coast until 4 P. M., when we came-to in Seite Laoy seek ae ibe bint of the keg 7 pt where we fou ¢ tlag-ship in comy with the esecle of the blockuie. ‘The latitude (13° PN.) and the longitude, (94° 17’ E.) as laid down in the tables appended to Bowditch’s Navigator, we ascertained to correspond with our determination it. _ The entrance to the river (which is about an eighth of a mile in breadth) lies nearly north and south, and continues in that direction, gradually widening with nurrow necked lagoons and stag- nant marshes on the let:, for about three mil when it takes a southeasterly course. The land the right bank at the entrance (upon which is sit- uated the ruins of an old watch tower, fort and bar- racks, the only distinguiching landmarks, by-the- by) is somewhat elsvated, but slopes gradually towards the eea und to the south and west, in which directions (but more intertoriy) a broad and ‘ighly cultivated plain, dotted with heads of cat- tle, and a solitary hacienda meets the eye, while farther beyond, to the northard and westward, the blue summit of Sierra St Martin terminates the w. On the east shore, the land ts less elevated, cand more swampy, but covered with a thick copse of small trees and a species ot prickly chapparal, which is almost impenetrable. Here, just within the moyth of the river js located @ tine natural ‘epring, from whence coo! aud sparkling water is al- ae Agent except during the rainy season, which commences iu the later part of June an ends in the month of February) when the basin is overflowed by the rieing riverand the source of the lite rivulet, strewn with dead and decaying leave: which impart to its waters a dark turbid color,and an unwholesome txste. Ln this case, however, an abundant supply may be obtained on the opposite shore, just at the foot of the bill, where a bed has been dug by the soldiers of the garnaon, for the re- ception of the water trickling down the banks in the raimy months. Both sides ¢f the river abound in hares, pheasants, wild cats, macaws, monkeys, bitterns, buzzards, aud filthy-loeking lizards. Here, , i Our subsequent pewegrinations for game, we discovered several most prolitic little groves of mangoes und lemongillas, hemmed in Invariably by dense and alinost impassable hedges 4 a . The latter-numed truit seems to be peculiar to this part of Mexico alone, and possesses, as it were, the mingled flavor of a dozen others— asthe pine apple, the guava, the orange, and the lemon, which latter 11 strongly resembles, in many respects. The margin of the guif, and the shores ‘of the nver for some distance up, consist ot fine Jight sand, strewn, as far as the eye can penetrate, with the trunks end branches of uprooted trees, which, borne down by the annual freshets, are launched into the bresking surf at the bar, wad | cast book, in strange ood fantastic disorder, upon the sand. Here they v the habitations of nd lizards, and the ‘market plices” and inte of the alligators, who crawl up lazily to bark in the heat of the sun, and to devour myriads of their dimwmutive prey. At daybreak, these monsters emerge from toe water, and creep slowly to the trunk ot a decwying tee, at which the ne pose themselves for a nap, by shutting their eyes, and opening their hage jaws. As the sun rises, the flies swarm into the faviting thorax, and revel for a while in undisturbed se: »wotil the allie ground on the eastern shore, about three leagues from the sea. This, we learned, was the only fer- rying point on the river, and the place where large uantities of cocoa from Tobasco annually to the capital and the towns of the interior. ba the opposite shore, formed by a bend in the river, which bere assumes a southwesterly direction, and then branches off to the east, forming the To- nalada, a magnificent plain, overgrown with rich grass and hilies, fand dotted with droves ot horses, stretches as far as the eye can penetrate to the wenyard, ' ki it 18 scarcely necessary, however, to enter further into the details of our upward trip, save to ray simply that the channel lies throughout nearest the weetern ehore, where may be found at all times from tour to eight fathoms water. On each side, of Mioaullan (or led), tall and stately the banks with their close and over- hanging foliage, which in many instances casts its shadows almost acroes the stream. On the even- ing of the 2d instant we anchored off the town, which is situated on the western bank, twenty- three miles from the sea, within a pleasant grove of trees, and composed, tor the most part, of some ‘one and plastered houses, which are built to face a single street, ranging over a gentle ridue of ground, running parallel with the course of the stresm. ‘The inhabitants, about 208 in number, are a niixture of idle Mexicans and Indians, with one or two sickly French families, the only line gering vestiges of a large and once hopeful body of enugrants. ; The experts consist almost entirely of ixtla species of hemp), frijoles, pelonces and hides, which are bartered for salt from Campeachy, and cotton goods from Vera Cruz. Above Minatitan the river is less winding, and continues broad and deep for a distance of nearly thirty miles, at which tuated. Here abundance of the inhabitants for the purpose of mazkiog, and whence the village derives its name. Beyond this the current becomes more rapid, and the water shallow, with a pebbl; betiom. On each side the woods resound wit the wxes of the mahogany cutters, whose camps are clearly indicated by linea of pale blue smoke issuing from the dense green foliage which over- hengs the banks. Continuing onward, the stream shoals rapidly, until within twenty leagues of Paso gator is satisfied that tus * oe is fall, when he | ° shuts the poaderous door, aad opens his eyes as comporedly as if nothiag bid happened. On the mornirg of the 15th, the other vessels got npwy withthe flag ship, and ward eed eastward, leaving orders for us to crows the ber and remain in the river, with the double view of block«d intercepting the transit of eoeon from asco to the towne of the interior, The following extract trom the log of the ol, on the moruing in question, 1s somewhat tnypertant, as fur briet deecription of the bar, and the cwurse to be stecred in crossing :— © May 16th. —At daylight rent the master into sound, end buoy off the bar. ACY \.M. the master retarned, reporting that the greatest depth of water found was twelve fret four inches, #ith bw otto at when pota the aod Lhe shores become bold. with ce Within the ent or, and atood in across ‘the bar, steering ar directed by the buoys At lis avchored withia the moeth of the river. in five anda aif fathoms water, the look out tower at the fort b fog, per compara, W. by N. 4 N , di avouta qauare ter of a mile” The departure of the commodore and the eate anchorage of our vessels within the river, left us je to do and leve to expect. A few days follow- ing our arrival, a berge with aa ermed crew was stationed rome fifteen miles up, oear a point called Paso Nueva, to * catch cocoa;” while a party were detailed from the vessel, to blow up and de- troy the gune in the old fort, which we tonad en- tirely deverted. | would here remark that the view of the surrounding covutry from the watch-tower the best on accvunt of the superior elevation of ite site and the absence of intervening tohage. Far and near, broad meadow lads, alive with droves of horees and herds of sleek and nimble cattle, are epread out as living maps before the eye; while the little vales between are preynant with the riche est odors, and musicul with the soogs of a thou- send birds. Looking res ward, the m p rollera on the bar seem to be for ever sporting with the unm old shatks and the shrieking galls, who i} down into the crests of foam, aud satel the tian pante-stricken fish from the very jaws of the ‘mun. aters of the deey Perbaps no river ia the world con boast of a greater «bundaace of fieh, or such a strange and multiplied varte' the Guezecoalcos; but the with the excep. tion of a species of mullet, sveared by the ladiaas,) io indifirrent, and many of them poisonous and an- wholesome. The lakes and bayous, however, abound in turtle, the favor of which is delicious in the extreme. . i Until the attack on Tobaseo, ia the month of June, and the temporary withdrawal of ovr veasel from the river for that purpos*, nothing of impor- tance oceurred to break ovr ekiae, or the monotony of the * blockade,” eav villanous inuisquitees, oud oceasional hoat jor hares, of a bulluck, in the vales beyond the fort. . . . On the 29th of June we crossed the bar, as be- fore, und re-entered the Goazacoaleos, with the prospect of a long end tedious sejourn in its waters. Haring our absence, the river had risen considera- bly, and the appearance of 1 was dark from the recent reins which bad fallen. The rent was aleo greatly increased, and the tide had ceased to indicate a pereepuble ebb and flow. The musqvitees were dreadtul, and the sand-flies be- yond endurance—tndeed, no can trace, nor lan- guage portray, the martyrdom which we expe- nenced frem these annoying insects. On the Ist of Joly, we began our ascent of the nver, maneging to stem the already turbulent cur- rent by meens of werps, and the occasional use of the salle, (On reaching ® point about seven miles from the mouth, we discovered a large flat, angular rock, some thirty-five feet in circumference, near the middle ot the stream, about two feet below the surface, and prasable only by means of a chaonel, near the western shore, where the soundings gave — ree and £ i! a - evened, by night-tall we reac! Paso Nueva, cmall cluster of huts situated on the only el pg and of | | shing a | | the Ine | stare? ina vele formed byawe te | shady hillocks, within the precine Sabaria, where it ceases to be naviguble, except for canoes, which often have to be dragged off the little falls that intervene. Ten leagues beyond ed mule track through the woods, | ot Boca del Monte, and still turther on, ata similar distance, an insignifi- cant place, called Barrio, whence the road to ‘Tebuantepec leads over the tall ridges of Sierra Madre, and is represented as winding along the brink of chasms and precipices, which are fright- ful to behold. i vhogh Soon after our arrival at Minatitlan, the constant inhalation of a poisonous oe risiag trom tae adjounng ewamps and mareh lands, caused a roalignaat and unyielding form of bilious remitteat fever to appear among the crew ; and in less than a week cur sick list had grown to twenty cases, with a gradual increase day by day. Nor was the disease wlone confined to the vessel, for many of the inhubitants of the village were prostrated, while the rest looked pale and sallow, with the ——- symptoms of their annual malady. /ith us, however, the case was, in many reece less controling; for besides being uoaccusto: to the climate, the vessel was rendered ee de the incessant rains; while the unremiting attacksof the musquitoes, and the bombastic threats of « guenila party ina neighboriog pass, kept as con- stantly on the alert; and there was nought but sorry daces and heavy hearts within our ** wooden walls.” Peetered as we thus were, pportunities for explorauions in the surrounding hills and plains were “few and far between.” Nor was there much chance for yleaning information from the few poor inhabitants whe lingered in the vile loge : for between our ignorance of their lauguage, and their lack of knowledge of the country and its mineral and botanic productions, our interchanges were necessarily of # trivial and uuimterestiag cha- ructer. Nevertheless, from an occasional ramble beyond the banks of the river, we saw suilicient to eatiefy us that no country urder the sua could bowst of so great @ variety in the vegetaple King dom, or so fruittul a soil. “We discovered growuy in wild profusion in the woods, cotlee, cocoa, au vanilla; while, on the borders of the little tributary streams, the trees fairly bent under their burden of mangoes, and the marsh lands were rich aad green with the wild waving crops of grass, Llere and there, we found isolated specimens of the caout- choue tree, end the alsifax, from which latter, in the more industrial paris of Mexico, a valuable ink is manutactured. The styrax officinalis is occa- sicbally to be met with, together with small and stinted semples of the cactus coccenelitfer, upon Winch might now and then be observed a straggtiag little insect, covered with a white floury substance, like the meal bug of the gardeus. This, we juently learmed, was that from whence the cocti- eal, bo Valuable as a brilliant dye, is obtained, ‘Lhe plant is not dissimilar in appearauce to & - jus cpuntia, or prickly pear, aad is easily culuva- ted in dry end rocky sections ot country. From a German gentieman, who visited Minatitlan during cur stay, we learned the following account of the method of cultivating the plant, as done ia the dis treet of Cexaca female mecew, which are wingless, are placed (when with young,) 1a small numbers, upon dil- ferent plants of the cactus jog.” Im this manner, they increase rapidly io tive ond nembers, forfour or five mouths, wien the hervest commences, and the insects are swept off with a soft brush, (generally a deer’s tail,) by fon women, who often sit or hours uader a single nopal 4 end Kall thy by seaiding water by powerful vapors, which latter method, thongh more eapensive end difficult, enhances m, ‘This 1s called ** sows | ther value, by plererving the powdery substance | ehed d by the ruins of a rude little chapel, which ly covered and ot the town We cbscived @ negiccied und seattered grove of palo eenio (or holy) trees—the fragrance ef which, ningled with that of the wild lilies 1n a peighbor- ie swamp, imparted to the eveumy aira eelight- ful and balmy odor. These wees are beld ia great veneration by the people, who dietil trom the bark & velunble resem, which 18 used, aot only as a plas ter for theumatie cisorders, &e., but to burn as incense co the altars of the eharehes. From our German visiter, who had explored the river far beyond the Paso Saberia, and who had several Uines crossed the isthmus to Tehaaatepec, we denved many interesting facis with reference to the prop J route, which eppears to, have long been a subject of inte and speculation am Mexican diplomats end foreign capitalists lowing the overthrow of Irurbide, and the ade of a republican conetituion im 12d, the inbabitents were rife with improvements of every description, and the establishment of a great com reial chat ne! uniting the Atlantic wed Pacitic oceans, w: held cut to foreign powers a# an 1educement to the recognition of repubhean Mexico. The route | catching lates, ner woe therefore immediately surveyed, by order of | lating report, (gare y EXE the general congress, ood a bling all the material obstacler,) with a foe wi ing false soundings, &c , the labora of the expedition. / arly as 1229 @ French company was organize and negotiauons opened with the Meaican gover ment tor the right of way actoss the isthmus of TeLoantepec, aud the ex ive navigation of the Grazace » embracing a space of three miles Oa either eve ‘as w be colonized by Preach erogrent qropratied for such purposes of Troneport @® subsequent surveys shonid deem wort framble. In view of thw grand scheme, which bade fair to cutetrip, in commercial adventeces, its rivals Panama and Darien, (ond at the seme time, to replenwh the empty eefiers of the Mexican. treasury), a large ry Omen, women and children, ate , forthe most part, of farmers and mechanics, londed, in the eotoma of 1800, on the inua- dated avd eickly banks of the Guazacoaleos, With- ina month, a talignant fever broke out among | them, and many fell victiins to its ravages, ere they | Dut, mdependent of the influence of the | hod reared a single house im tbe “land of promise Many, who were pe struck, aad borne down with the weight of th porotments, plunged themee!ves into self destruction, while others hasti- ly fled the country, leaving seme twenty farmihes only to fulfil the hard and weary conditions of their contract, avd to live and die in_ that pestilential spot. and the Mexican constitu. tion being on of evil disse ne ions, an appeal to the 8 followed, and, for a While, ell schemes were involved in the revo~ lutionery obtivien. Close upon the heels of the decrees of 1835 came the difficulty with France, and the eubsequent bombardment of St Jaen d’Ub lon by the Prince de Joinville; and thus ended the © firet leseon.” die coureging circumstances, there are natural and im- superable obstacles to the establishment of a perma- nent route serose the isthmus by way of the Cuezacoaleos, to many of whieh the officers aud men of the Stromboli were long and wearily wit- nesses. These difficulties may be enumerated in afew words, During the winter and rainy sea- rons, the northers blow with such terrific violence that no vessel can approach the coast without im- minent danger, while, on the other hind, the out setting waters of the river, being met by the breakers on the bar, create a cross and angry sea, with a fickle current, which 1s both dit- ficult and dangerous to encounter, It 1 pre- sumed, therefore, that sailing vessels, under circumstances like these, would be dispensed with. If, om the contrary, it be proposed to employ steamers, it must not be forgotten, that while the tide often runs with great vio- lence, the whole tver is covered, for miles, with floating Islands of swamp weed and the trunks and branches of uprooted trees of immense magnitude; such, indeed, us to clog and crush the wheels of the most powerful steamer. Add to all this, the un- healthiness of the climate, and the inundated and miry roads from Sabaria to Boco del Monte, (with- out even considering the dizzy mule track beyond Barrio, over the tallest peak of Sierra Madre, the elevation of which is six thousand feet.) and you bave but a feeble picture of the diffieu whieh the Tehuantepec traveller must encounter. That the Guazacoalcos possesses some commercial Vantages, at certain seasons of the year, it 18 presumed oO one will deny; but to attempt to unite its head waters, by means of a canal, with the broud Pacifie, or to connect Tehuantepec and Sabsria by railroad, is @ visionary echeme aud a humbug. The erroneous reports put in circulation with re- ard to the river in question, have been written off y interested parties, or by casual trayellera, who have happened to visit it during the only season when it is fit to be eeen—and when the calm mean- dering streom tells not of the deadly pestilence and the turbulent stnfe which yearly visit tts green banks and its graasy bosom. P.A.T. Our Madeira Correspondence. Mapeira, August 25, 1819, The Navy of the United States, as connected with the Slave Trade. Many of our citizens complain of the expense of our navy, but I believe there are few persons, if any, in favor of entirely abolishing it. However, there is some cause why persons should complain of unnecessary expense, ag I shall attempt to ehow in the fullowing remarks relative to the African squadron. A squadron, mounting 80 guns, 18 ordered to the coast of Africa, there to cruise, in order to do all in their power to suppress the slave trade. To do that in a proper manner, what is required? Cer- tainly, great vigilance on the part of the officers who are connected with the squadron, and the actual presence of the squadron on the coast, ouly leaving it when absolutely necessary te obtain a supply of provisions from our naval depot at Porto Praya, and then at once returning to the coast. It is eleo necessary that our slips should at night keep near the shore, and blockading the mouths ef rivers, in which slave vessels lie hid daring the day, waiting tor the darkness of the night to allow them to get clear of the coast, without being seen by a man- of-war. In order to give some idea of how differently the squadron 18 conducted from what ic ehould be, I will state how it has been employed, since | have had the honor of velonging to it. Being my- self on beard of ene verse! all the time, | may not be exactly eorrect in all the particulars; but the errers, if any, will be trifling, and make no materia, difference. The “ Portsmouth,” after Commedore Benjamin Cooper took cormand of the sqadron, was made flag-thip,and made one cruise dowa the coast as far as Monrovia ; and after taking on board her allowance of kroumau, returned again to Porto Praya—and after lying there about one mont then made a cruise of lese than three m the coast, as far at Prince’s Island. After remain- ing about one month at Porto Praya, she went to Madeira, where she remained about six weeks, when Commodore Cooper's health became so bad, that he was forced to return home. If she had uot have returned home, the remainder of her cruise was to have been spent at Madi the Canary Islands, and the Cape de Verdes, as Commodore | Cooper said he would not go dowa the coast again, | eo that, ourthg her time on the coast, she di¢ not cruise where shavers frequent, nor did she eee any. ‘The Deeatur, during the two years she has been | on this station, has made three short craises dowa | the coast, and during that time has not seea a | slaver or been where might expect to do se The Bainbridge has made two trips dowa the, coast since Commedore Cooper took command of the equadron, and, during ove of these trips, ehe taw a suspicious looking vessel and gave chase, but the vessel heving run up English colors, the | Boinbridge was forced to haul off and let her pass | free. ‘The Porpoise, deting the same time, has made | two trips down the coust, and has not seea a slav- The plantations are called nopaleros; and the | suspicious vessel, ktown lett Boston on the 22d of Novem 8, ence which tine ele has, ap Wo this dace, been at eva 124 days, and in port 133—the several orts and anchormges being Madeira, Porto Praya, tuthorst, Monrovia, Cape Palinay, T' +, Trade Town, Cepe Mount, and Cadiz in Spain, at all ot which places tlavers are seldom seen, and at those parti- cular places her etey was very short. The time sred al sea Wos the passage from one port to ane otber, not wn cruising abe re. During the tume she » the has not seen # euspicious-looking Vessel, and hes not beea ae yet where ehe could expect to see ¢ The Yorktown Mes pot been further south than Coye Palmas, end bas spent oearly aller woe while on the coast at Monrovie, with the exception of about two weeks at Bath in the Kiver Gombia, where she was sent to repair her radde The whole object, when down the coast, seems to be, to weer away the time allotted tay there, end then fe get to Windward again as F00n as pos tible. And on the other band, while at the wind+ ward, the object is to pass away as much as possible, and get | ack to the c {ae slow as the ship. No one thinks of 0 | beheve the otheers of the squadron, at a general thing, wish to catch them, Che reason why we do not do se, is, if a comman- der of our navy takes @ veese! on suspicion, and sends ber home, if she is not condemoer, the sabject to a law & and generally has been at cons and much inconvenience. This ie wrong. Our government should hold ite eeli reeponsible for the actions of our commanders in such eases, and until they do, we never shall do much towards suppressing the slave trade. kat the Exgieh They hold t selves re~ sponsible for the actions of their ¢ veesela, and the consequence is, where we cay one slaver they capture fitty. It is on this aecount that our cflicers do not _go on board of veesels and exomme their papers, &c., and they certainly do not, but merely run down near a veasel, name and destination, uniess a supply of potatoes, \e., ie wanted, then a boat may be sent. If slavery is to be stopped by the aid of this thort eal will carr souedron, it will never be till an entrely differeat | ill our government assumes the Terpen { vending home suspicious veseels; end til the commanders of our veseels try more ef- ferent means, than by keepin t sea, during the night,giving every opportunity for slavers to get clear off the coast, whieh, it they once do, none of cur equedron will catch them. Ovr vessels should board every verse! they meet on the coast, and should also cruise on some other part than the republic ot Liberia, where there are no slave eletions. Ii this was done, it would do more towards sup prereipg the slave trade than any thing else we can co , is it possible? | believe not; aad for thet rewson 1 eny that thase who complain of the upnecessery expense of the navy, have efme cause to do so; for, as our squadron is conducted at pre- tent, it ie @ uceless piece of expense, and oaly ards o caver the government is desirous of patting a step to. ido not consider our sqtadron ot the least use here, on the contrary, it is a great evil, and a pro- tection to elavers, especially under the present for we cen teke nothing but vessels flying ie Am colors, and a8 oar men of War are notin ony menner dieguised, all an American slaver has to de, when one of our squadron heaves in sight, is to hoist English or some foreiga flag, and we must pase on and jeave perheps a cargo of slaves to be carried to a market for sale We have tried the experiment long enongh. It Corse not, ond cannot wer, andthe sooner the eqnedron fs eboliehed the berter for the credit of cur goveroment, the pockets of our people and the | force now required on the SUNDAY MORNING, J. | 1 | ANUARY 13, 1850. coast of Culitornia and im the Mediterranean, and thissquadron weuld do more service in protecting eur commerce from pirates in one week, on the California coast, than it em do here in ten years, _ The Englich are now strongly talking of remov- ing their own squadron from the coast; and now is the time for our government ‘o the same Tn the London Evening Matt, of August 13th, can be found a very good letter on the slave trade, and also some editorial remarks, from which I make the following extract:— © A& a mere questian of fact. it bas been pleced he- yond doubt, that our cruisers do not prevent, nor even ry rte impede, the exportation of slaves from The following statement is from the Foreign office reports, and Mr. Bandinel’s abstract:— No. of slaves No. captured exported, By cruisers weet eee ee ObIME 8.616 eee 456.007 6965 28.400 2,950 65.062 2707 54102 4577 48 758 8.519 TUT 2788 | RASS 8,967 444.006 BL1s0 Shewing an exeess in the exportation of 412.826 In 1641, the knowledge of the presence of cruis- | jeg out of slavers; but,during the next two years, siave traders have ascertained the faet that, instead of inju the trade, it is to be benefitted by it, und they go | to work again with renewed energy, as may be seen by the increase in the number of slaves | exported in 1842, 28,400; and im 1843, we tind 55,- 062; und, instead of # leas number, trom the exer- | tions of a large squadron ef steamers und sailing | a versels, we tee a gradual increase; and in 1847 | easy find 84,356, bemg about three times as many as in | 1M2. Atthe present time, it is calculated that 100,000 we annually taken from the coast, beiog a conclusive fact that the presence of a naval force is of more benefit than injury to their trade. If, imstead of having a squadron on the coast of Africa, the several natious would send one to the coast of Brazil, West Indies, and other slave mar- kets, much more benefit wou'd be done, because it woud deter many from carrying away slaves from the coast on account of the extra risk they would run, and the loss they would experience be be much more than if taken on the coast of friea. But enough, I have gaid more already than I 1n- MH enjoying good health. Tur Suntan or Turkey —Abdul Medschid Sultan, and Cownmander ot the Fa:thtal, is now 2 ferent age. With the exception of the tarban, he always dresses in the European fashion, and it is not to be disputed that the gracetul Turkish fez looks much better than the eft awkward misera- ble hat of the Europeans and Americans. There is nothing peculiar or remarknble in the Sultan’s face and p yeiogmomy, except that he is of ree markably fair complexion, aad deeply pock marked. He is a kind hearted man, wunout, however, pos se 8e1D; peomape ge wed ther Mahmoud. His kindness of disposiu: such that it is ouly with the utmost reluctance he can ever he induced | to sign the usual death-warrants, and then he will only consent to do it im extreme cases. He does not tuke any leading part in state measures, chiefly leaving those matiers, like constituuional sove- reigns in general. to his ministers, the Grand Vizier and te the Divan, which is the privy coua- ou. He has five or six wives, or regular Sultanas ; | and, besides them, a harein of several huudred | concubines. Thus, he forestells the paradise of Mabemet, and luxuniates in advance among houris and pretty faces. Every year the number of ladies in the harem is augmented by the addition ot two | of the most beautiful Circassian girls that can be | oe ‘These are sought out for him, of extraor- | divary beauty, and are annually eeenes to hun | —one, as an snnval present trom his mother ; the | other, from the Grand Vizier. Mothers in Euro- | pean countries do not very often thus assist in pan- dering to the Jnsts and appeuces of their sons,though Abdul Meschid is not ouly very uxorio! his a peree ae and devoted to women, but also he another analogous and generally concomitant pation, and that is—a devotion to Bacchas— or wine and strong drinks. Heace itis not ui dikely he may meet with the tate of his father, Mahmoud, and die as he died, ta the strength of hs years, of—delirimm tremens, or manta-a- potw, as itis also called. The Sultan has doue awey with a great deal of the tormer pomp and formality observed by his predecessors. But on every Friday (the Sabbath day of the Mus- sulmen) he goes wn state to the mosque in a aplend- ed rehnue and cortege, and is greeted by the loud horras of the soldiery drawa out oo the eccasion, while the roar of canvon and the rush of people acd to the grandeur und imposing aspect of the scene. More anovr Dax. Weeeren—lits [wraisonmenr. —We leura that Dr. Webster has made freq compl sto Mr. Audrews, the jailor, that the oce cells io his immediate vietity are at to him nights, utrernag nets, such aa, are the rk man,” re a mute d-thirsty scoundrel, Mr Apdrews had no othe r knowledge of this matter cxacept What he heard trom De, Webster, He, one night, Paced two nen io the passage-way that leads to the cells, where they remained uatil morning, but heard so unusual of unpleasant power. The dey following this, the doctor repeat. hee complaintto Mr / eying th jit the seine outrage repeated we, knowing this not to be trae, of course Jed that the doctor's imagination is wrought upon, or that bis dreams ere of such aa teharatter, as to prodver, im some de- woh gree, mental aberration. Dr Webster has lost meh of the yaney of spunt thet sustained tim when he firet became an inmate of the jail —Bos- tom Mau, Jan. 1 Tuk Consvrains or Porto Kreo—The Saow Jill Shield \earns trom Westington, that Geueral ‘Tesch Tilghman, of Worcester county, Md, the Tecently eppormted consul to Mayagnez, on the we islond, awaits at Hava mW OUT government, sinc t, through ite minister, t more thin one ¢ St. Jobos. In this of State has requ Johns to make Gen ‘There ere four consulates on this & them places of much tra it is soy will go ae far a® porsible to make th there of United States subjects unnecessary a ul at St, T. his deputy at Mayaguez and all of ed Spaia svuce Bask or Satssenny —A re dey introduced iio the It the appointment fa committer te nation ef the affairs of the Dank of Sultebaty, the consideration of which was postponed uatil Thurs day vext. This beak has been spokea of thre out the Country es of an unstable character, is due to the well as the character of the bev king instite vestigation should be m: agamst it. The notes have n thie city to any extent wove its eetal though they are swid to pass pretty freely im w York, and ore redeemed at owe per creat discount at an office ia that city. — Balt. Sun, Jan. 12. jution was yester- f Frans ov te Mexicans.--Don A. Canalize, a member of ine Mexican Congress, has subsautted a memorial to government, setting forth the ad- venteges of occupying the Island of Teberna, ata ted one dey’s ail (re u Blas, and « litte further from Mazatlen, This Mer sadvised im con- sequence of the fear entertained that it be seized by the Amerimane. Ics sixteen le ein superficie! extemeion, and is very advantageously situated for the culture of suger can®. Salt is prow curable in large quantiues there, and the soil ia highly terule A Horsewnierise Arran. The Snow Hill Sivid ve wowed by a gentioman recently trom Accemee county, Va, that the ton. Edward P. Pine, tate State Senator from that county, was at- teocked by John ©. Wive, Leq., at a pablie vendue, en the 27th ultimo, and be wed by him, and Mr. P. bewg & man of peace ted 00 resistance. ly iw stated tat Wise was very much inflamed by th made by Pitts, at a political meeting, eer pt campeign, at which the Hom Jas Custis knocked Wise off the etaad, whilst tal remark. w speck ing, for some di Borspany Commrseionen —( New York, has been recommended by the weep bieel aathe person beet qualifi iM, of en the United States aod ond will, it ie said, reerive the write se comminoner, General MeNeili’s vohe qualifi ye ere known to be of the tighert order, od be je no dowbt, on thar accouat, as weil a on ceCount of bie many eminent private quali ie, @ very euitabdle person for tue vtfice.— Cor. Fett. Sun. | already been med A New Enterprise—Vew York Lying-in TP ospltule vine” It appears that the eubjeot of establishing a lying-in anylum bas been for teve! Je the of conversation amongat i mpathies excited and ‘th ade to them to aid unforts not rerult in future disgrace [n many fasta peaitions were made to them which no honoi own self-respect. As the population of the city increased, these demands for the precure- ment of abortion increased also, until regu’ sta biishments were opened, where, for consideration. the derired end could be obtained; but often, alas! ata fearful expente. pot only of morals, but of phy- tical health — The life, even, of the vomerried mother often going to make Bp tbe id for the services ofthe abortioniet. The criminal courts of our city, by dint of extraordinary exertion, aod the ocourrence of some fortuitous circumstances, did manage to pro- cure convictions in one or two instances; but the business of infant murder, it was believed, still o: ivted. in spite of the vigilance of the police At length Dr Holmes, who was for shout eix years examining pbyrician to the Coroner of the city, and who in thet cay acity had oocarion to witness many cases in which | intupticide bad been perpetrated, determined to opea | #P inotitution where the unfortunate and erring sues might bide their shame from the cenrortous world, and atthe same time save themselves from partict- icp in the revolting crime to which aliurion has Having applied te several emi- nent physicians, and gained thei teu, he es tobliehed ebe instituyion named at the head of this article, at Williameburgh. the insutate has now been ip operation several months, and, confident of its success, the proprietor invited « ‘ge number of the medical profermou, members of the press, beach, bar. to viet the establishment look through the rooms, and express their approbation or disapproval of bis ied d the mode ip which he bas thus far it out. ‘Lhe building and greunde attached to the Inatitu- ts of growl ho. rice ry hi present occupied as the rear wi There 1s root ‘&* at present coa- dded Co the upper ed off ‘The fret tloor anatomical mus teodsome gard euty about thirty patients im the bull structed but m: which is bb to & geperour 1 bracing wir of from the ferry bad given good apperit justice was done to the viands on the 5 completed. the eou;pany returne re @ meeting was organized by the 40 and secretary, The latter Kcalled vpot soine rewarks to the meetivg. in expianation of the objects, etc., of tne nd seid -— Gentlemen:—It bas been suggeat- ed (hat | should explain brietly tue omject of our as- i Most, if not all ef us, are , Mit dors not destroy. the lite of dical man of any reputation, or who Istence of any moral obligation in * the inefiicleney of law to reach the offender, dome et canes, the wd the good ha’ v to me method of prevent Be 5 time, afford the unfortunate mother Ube meaos of reflecting pow her past course; and by he good future conduct, t@ preserve or restore former aetna in age = for the errors of fable to herself, If any remedy exists for th practices of abortiontets—{/ it is desirable to lesen the xders-it is the opinion of viee no better th to commit, ae large in all civilized com. it ale who gives pelled herself trom we it te contended should. at least pri Ged on the growud that it- elicet would be criae Mos ud Violated promises of OUT Own tex der the-e cireumstances itis still more iucumbeut up Ur to Tender the eulterings of those we have devuded as Hight ao porsibie, Such wo iastitution ax the ous al- luced to bas beem prov ) perhaps, | might way, eriabished by cur friewd, whose guests we are this evening It has the ranetion of several emivent mul: cel men, and others, who ate fully sensible of the | ¥ Sretehed state of the crme aod misery prod Leneficrut reenits Dave al feet from the experiment toclety 00 tals sunyect ed by adertionints. Many | been made Sani | imes bas had several wader his Ndreu were 0 yood homes provided tor them; and. caree Lbere chidern bare been made brire toe able property This t* oertaiply preferable to murders dng them, [taleo gives the dirconsola Ube AO Op: pertuplty of returning to her tieods ta ® mauner to eewersl Ber mietortu: end pet be subjected painted reflections outeast, deprived of ail (eats end bepes ota brighter aud happier day, Suck, ve Chairean end gentiomen, te the ovjeet of the rmatita- tiow | have briefly referred to; sod the motive of our | ecLveDiEg bere ts to Cousider the propriety uf the en- Terprive end If approved. to wid im giving the tnatita Lich @ Wide god Invorable pet>rhety, Ibe Secretary was vext cequeetsd to read any teati- moviais of approbation shiek be wight have upon the toble in Telesenoe to the uttiity oF praiseworthin the ineuitution, oF of & comirary character, if aay cach nidere there were Keeponding to thie eail, the Seoretary read. among other papers. the oe — 1 bevels deuch a8 instivucion as is ested jolpes calculated to relieve @ great fullering. sed to Dave @ cutai tue VALENTING OF cf Surgery, in the University of Hebed by Ui ue ra the Ci) ty of 1 bad the piew: ure of WILLIA dA. we of the ( ity mud County of New York. bedied Im the pree been read by 1 A wom ber ct Apyrobative «1 the objects of Ube lmericut ly & frimel and unacimous vote of approbation waa fthe New York Lying-ia Im ud (be merting adjourned. etilate, Tre Exvest or ovr Countny.—It has been e thet the United Staves have a fronuer line ot 1 © coast of 5,480 « vere iw twice fond the largest river in Kurope, The Uhie is 60 ules longer than the Rhine, and the noble Hudsoa has @ navigation in the “Empire Sate” one hafidred twenty miles be rthan the Thames. With yo Lowirw " sand creeks, almost ua- known, that would pha by co m, the Te ber or Seme. The State of Virg alone is one- third larger than England. The state of Onto con. tains three the od equate miles mete than Se lend. The barborof New York receiwes the te at navigate rivers, canals, aud lakes to the eaxtentot three t nd miles, equel te the dium | tence fre erica to Kutope. Brom the exortal of Mane te New Orleans is two handred miles jurmer than trom Londen to Conrtaatun .* reute thet would cro Bogland, Belgium, « part Germany, Austria, and Tarkey.— ner. Twn Crsvacce at New Oniaans.—The steamer | Princess arrived bere yeaterday, from up the river; apd we lenra by a pomeenger thal, Saturday last, 4 crevasse occurred in freatot Madame Devaliien’ m, ebout thirty-eix mules above the city, ced considerable demage. The dwell | ing howre of Madame Devaileo, which stood im | te dravely m frontet the breek im the levee, was njured by the tremendous rush of the water + All the fenees in the viemity were Mhown and a large sur’ of the country Medewe Devallien and her tamily had a very narrow escape on the migot when the ere- veese coeurted (20), having been nearly swept | ewey by the current, The preture, says our in forment, © & very gloomy one to coatemplate. | mone | the | The freon the coast, snd io the the cre vacse, say that they fear a repetition of the dieestrons overflow of last year —New Orleans Picopune, Jan % | Patteburgh Religious Intelligence, SERMONS TO-DAY. Megouth Dow Baptitt Church, Eleventh street—Rev. Baptiet Chureh. Olieer ptiet Church, Olt tborwing ana » meee, Haat tam K, L. Mageon, Church of the Epi Hobart: ‘vening phany, Stanton street—Rev. JH. Vhureh, Sixteenth street—Rev. Mr. Congregational ‘razer, morning; Rev, OH Sel ‘hors, even! Apollo Saloon, Broadway George Sterne re vem Baptist Church. Bedford street—!lder A.D.Gi lett, mor- esbyterian Chureh, Fifteenth street — Rey, 4 ton, morning; Rev Dr Hardeburg, pr td and Brooklyp Ixatitute—Rev T B. Thayer. eveniv Plymouth Chureh, Brookilyn—Rev. H. W. Beecher, Morning. . Baptist Church, Twelfth street— Rev. George Copwa; moraing; Rev S.A Corey. afternoon, : Trerbyteriam Church, Mercer street—Rev. Joseph Styles, evening. Catenoar rer Jawvany.—15. Ist Sunday after Fy z 20 2d do. 25, Conversion of St. Paul. ptuagesina Sun The New Yor! informed that ngelist anys are credibly f the lars iscopal aharches of this cit; war burned during the servies om Christmas day, and that when the name of the Holy Ghost was uttered in the creed, the officiating clergy- man turned towards the altar, and bowed as towards the holy place. At the monthly meeting of the Board of Managers of the Bible Society, held last week, it was reported that in December 13,854 bibles, 20 447 testaments, 4 volumes for the blind were issued ‘The receipts the month were $3 dl payments $32,575. Rev. Ji Macdonald, of Jamaica, Long Island, bas declined the Professorship of Moral Philosophy, to which he was recently appointed in Hamilton College. A Universalist paper states that there areonly twenty. one Universalist booksellers in England, ‘Two duvgbters +f the late Bishop of Norwich were recently received into the bolic ehurch. B e of Illinois, bas left a legacy of 4 dollars 'o the A. C, 8, for the par- poses of education in Liberia, Mr. James Allison was ordained by the Presbytery hy Obio, and installed pastor of the church of Sewioa- ey. Rev, Clinton Clark, formerly pastor of the Congre- gational churob ip y, has declined the onil te tbe pastoral charge of eburch ip Hatdeid, Vas Rev. J. V. Dodge bas resigued the pastoral care ef the O 8. Presbyteriaa chureh of Evansviile. ia, Rev. Dr. Mutgrave bas declined the office of eo ordy Secretary in the Board of Missions The new Congregational meeting house recently erected at Orland, Me., was dedicated to (iod, recently , Rev. George Howe, DD, one of the Professors of the Theolowical Seminary at ¢ oluwbia, S.C , was appointed by the O. 8, Synod of South Carolina at their meet im Camden, 8 C., November 16th. historiographer the ln bay and resolutions were pacerd urging oa the mem bere of the Syuod to furnish him with ti» proper watertais for iting & history of the Presbyterian Church in South Carciina. Rey. George Upfold, D D , was consecrated Bishop of th jscopal Chureb in leds. om the leth alt, ( brist eburch, jp ope Sith, Moli This te sata = There are but elevem Episcopal churehes im cess of New Hampehire, They are jocated in the towas € The cld society iw Holderness ty virtually #x- tine op Chase, rae of this divosss, ia at present officiating in New York. ‘The Rev. T. H. Mitobell, M. D., bas been called to the rectorrblp of St Peter'# Church, Paris, Ky, ead wilt remove thither about February lst. Rev Duvean Dunbar, loug the highly res Feet Baptirt o: The Rev i. K bas accepted the pastoral: ebarge of the Prem 1d Lambertom Baptist churok, N. J., to which be was umanimourly caiied. ‘The new merting hovse built by the Baptist charck and roalety uf Kiba, Genesee county, was dedicated om the 12th of December. Mr. Justin W. Pareot ries! Seminary, of the o Lhe Fourth lreabytery ot graduate of Union Theolo- the work of wa tvangeliet, by the tHeao- ver Freebytery. Sermon by the Kev Chas H. teed Rev LP. Kimball was tostatied by the Sebayior rbytery. October Och. as pastor of tae Presbyterian ebureh in Kush tile. Sebuyler county, Ker J. ¥ Dodge has resigved the pavtoral care of the ebureh of by le ba ave hat de corer gees Seoretary ta the dained on the 19th of sr ot the Presb) terieg mouth, Va.. by the Hanover Presbytery, The Rev & York, was installed p at Wiliiemsburgh. co Sabbath eveotug, Dec v4. by committee from tbe North Clarets of Long (ala Chathaa New Daweh Coo 8 Porter, recently « of the Ket, ™ 8 A letter dl iasory to the divceese of Weste dto the Kev, Thomes torehtp of Crinity d soce pted en ievitation to St silemeet +, Generre The Rey. Edward Devis bas resigned the rectorship of St Pauls church, (heriton, Saratoga coucty and tebem charge of @ newly orgeuized parish at “ Burat Hits.’ A wew parled has been organized in Gow vg in thie city ‘The Lishop of Tewareree bas announced the: be hae Giepnord from the miuletiy the Kev Sequel Sherwell, diseum of New Yok aad Feetor eleot for the t Peaver, Newark Robert tt » A’. ® candidate for orders. baa been received op letters diemissory trom the towers ad New Vork jay, December 23d, (fourth In Advent aod Ember Supdey). in St Wery's Church, Surlingtoa, Meroe Fo Hyde A.M.. Profesor of Ameient Lee war mdmitied to coe & iy oa prayer was read by the didate was presented by the Bithop made the address aad rivals yerterdmy W Witeheu, U Forties prom tie ( | yesterday evening of 8 ge ntiomen trom the toepe ol the disaster at boumet Carre. we ieera that the toenty eight arpents io width fs almost encirely ate stop om the plentertons, and several planters expre® that wet oply #tit It be tmpowibie to entrance of the water until e great fall in the . but alae ehet they wilt rs enper plamiations arrest (hie tremendous inteed of the river, How may coon be ted near the Moteirie New Ov iene Prompene, Jan 4 / « ae) a, . i oe