The New York Herald Newspaper, December 25, 1849, Page 2

nd for the gradual} extinguishment of our heavy pub- es debt a place the revenue on a sure basts of sufficiency for all the expenditures of the government, it will be necesrary to adopt measures for the revenue, d Ube most available means to that are to be found in raistog the duties on imports. That @n economy as vig as may be found compatible with the neceesities of the om, will regulate the sppro- tions, under existing circumstances, cannot be i = in proposing a as Wi Beowenary ‘ugmentation of py revenue as the encouragement of industry, | think it right to present distiactly, the views entertained on the latter subject,in the hope that a course may be edopted by wisdom and jotism of Congress, whieb may tend to harmonize ordant feelings and promote the general prosperity, 1. Lentertain no doubt of the righttul power of Cou- rees to regulate commerce and levy imposts and du- jes, with the parpose of eacouraging Our own indus try. In selecting for adoption one of two proposed re- guintions ofeommerce, it would appear to be clearl: the right of Congress to choose that oe which would, in its opimion, be most ralutery to the ry; andin live manner in laying imposts and daties, it would teem that the endecvor ought to be to regard the in- ‘tereets of the whot:{people, not as little, but as much, as = possible. “Tt is not a quertion of assuming 2 power not expreas- Ty granted by the Constitudon, on the ground that it Inay tend to the attainment of « general end therein exprested. Here the power to regulate oomineres aad | 6 power te levy and collect duties are expreeniy | given, and the only question is, whether they ought or ought not to be exercised with ew to the geaeral 10 ae tome t to exercise these or any other powers with any other view, would bee misuse of power, ‘and subversive of the legitimate end of government. I findno obligation writtea in the Constitutioa to lay tages, duties or impesis wt the lowest rate Usat will Yield the largest revenue. If it were true, thet aduty lald on a given article, with a view to encourage our own productions, is un- Jawial, because it may operate, by discouraging impor- | tation, as a par prohibition, the proposition would | becqually true of every daty laid with that iotent, | whether it were above or below the maximum reveaue | rete. But. as under the power to regulate commerce, | it is competent for Congress to enact & direct and total | probibition of the impertation of any urtiole, it can be | no objection to eu act lovying duties, that it may ope. | rate in partially proventing impoits/ion. Whether it be wise or just eu to levy cutive, is another question. What | mean to say now is, that there ts no pro! jou Of it in the constitution, ‘The propositioa is mainiwine ed. a8 univerrally true, that ths express grant of a | power to Congress pives to that body the righs of exer- cising that power in euch manner as ia its opinion may be mest conducive to the advantage of the country. An imetan ing commer impertations, except | muy be mentioned the protidition of t designated ports; the promibi- | ticn of the ecasting trade to all foreign vesssis, and to | ul} American veesei#, not licensed and enrolled; the probibition ef certain trade to foreign vessels uuder the | jon eet of 1517; the probibicion of certain trate o Americen vessels by the nov-intercourse aod of ali tiade by the embargo act ; the druwbass oa the re-exportation of foreiga goods; finally, the prohipition | duction of adulterated drugs 1uto the cvun- ry, by ot of 20th June, 184s, Under the power to levy taxes, duties, and impos I refer $0 the diccrimiuating tonnage ducivs on foreige vereels, the diserianunting duties ou their cargoes. tae preamble to the first law imposing duties passed under the Constitution, and the ensctaeuts of most of the | subsequent ones | ‘These epaczments show that at most or all periods of | our history the views which | bave expressed appear to bave been sustained aud acted on N, AY legislation designed to favor a particular | to the prejudice of others, or toinjure & particaiar | class icr the benetit of others, is manifestly Guwise and | unjust. Notbicg can be more destructive of the true | interests of the country than such legislation, except the refusel of xea!ly rulutary legisiation. under «o erronesus impression that it might favor ons class to | the prejudice of others, while in tet the deuial of ic injures all clasees, and benefits nobody. lil. Aserery producer in one braueh of usefal fadus. ‘try is alsoa consumer ef the products of others, aud #2 his ability to consume @epends upon the profits of his production. it follows that to give prosperity to one | Dranch of industry is to increase that of the rest. | Within each brauch of industry there will be indi- | vidual rivalry, but among the eeveral branches of use- © must always exist an Unbioken har- mony of interest. No country can attain a due strength or prosperity th # not by its own labor carry its own produs nearly as possible to the point necessary to Ht them for ultimate consumption. To export its raw material and re-import the articles manufactured from it, or to neglect its own raw materials aod import the | articles wauufuctured from that of another country, is | to pretermit the means whieh mature bas provided for its advancement. For inetauce, we exported, daring the fiscal year ending ith June. lod¥. raw cotton to the value ef about rixty-eix millions of dollars, If tnat cotton had Deen spun aud woven at home, (supposing iis value to de increased four fold by manutacture) ic would nave | preduced a value of about one huudred and ninety. | eight willions ia addition. What would have been the | eflvet of (bis inereased producwion on the prosperity of the country? ‘Ehis question would not be completely auswered by Merely prowounciog the added value of cay huudred and wipety-cight militoms of deliats to be a large protit to the mavuiacturer, any more than the q +ficet of the production of wheat would Geducting the cost of seed wheat from t r crop. aud pronouncing the remainder to be @ large | t mer. | ture cf colton cloth is begun with the | janting of the cotton—icis carried toa certain point | y the planter, und then taken up and perfected by | the epinver and weaver The planter and manufsccurer are uit engaged in diferent Lrenches of industry, bat | io the same—the one commernees the process which | the other completes. Cotton seed of losiguidcant vaiue ages ot labor developed and broaght on cloth, bas acquired a value of two handred aud sixty-four miilions. | Planting States have added many millions to the annus! production of the country by the culture ot cotton continuing the process they could quad- | ruple th ition, | ‘The plenter would then have a market at bis door | for eli bis duce, ond the farmer would ja like man- nerhave a home market for his The power of con- sumption of potonly treadetuff, but of every article | Wwe'v! or necessary in the fevding. clothing, aad hous- ig: fman, would be vastly increased—toe consumes and producer would be brought nearer to each other— and in fact ® stimulus would be sppiied to every ch of productive industry tityimg to know that the m: cotton has already been introduced into several of the placting 8 ates, (see document marked hereso ann: xed ) and it ought not to be doubted will rapidly de xrended. | The man Would lead to similar results Vas’ augmentation cf our wealth aod power. | ( pon commerce the eif wight bu expected to be, | if pomible. etl more marked It is not enough to say that no country ever diminished its commerce by in- | “ing it prodvetions~ aod that njury would fore result to that interest. There would proba ly & great increase im the amount, but aa overnent hot less important in the mature of our | octane Of the immense addition thi internal ond consting trade, (which im every country form the great and wort valuable body of meres) it is unzecerrary to do more than merely epeak in par ing—but it may be well to offer a few remarks on | Jor ign commerce | nfacture cf ure of iron, wool, and our other staples, The elfect would bea | t would accrue to our Commerce ix he machinery It is the id of agriculeure at it wilt fous —bus re ot juetive jodustey cf the country. The commodities by sea cr laud ts necesam | rily profitatie only to the cartier, who 1s paid for it It may be ureful or pet tootbers, according to cirenm- stances, ‘The farmer finds # ralirond « conve nieve, but he understands that itis better employed in carrying bis crop, than ia carrying away bis sced wheat and manor The oc mm: re I e re grown, would not be to now occupied in exporting tl We should ily under. also, ibat the commerce thus employed would be much more limited in amount and much lers profit- able to \be carriers than what we now have Yet our resent commerce is, in fact, of the rame nature with hat above descr bed The seed bears to the cotton the tame relation which the cotton bears to the cloth, If we now export cotton of the value of about rixty-six lions, the same cotton, when converted into cloth, Would make an export of rome two hundre four millions. or some two b: ed and forty lions. after dedvcting the ftceen or twenty millions which would be requiced for cur own ¢ por of our prese Consumed at home.) and eur imports would be thereby in like maoner increnced. Engiand at this moment, Gerives ® large portion of her power from spinning and cotton, When we ball rpin and weave it out own it p,end menufactare our #, we shall have travaferred to this country the great centres of wealth, commeree, eivilizetion, aud Political, as weil as oral and intellec'ual, power. At present. we are far from having the amount of foreign commerce which is due to our position. are vaetly produe! country. with an extensive eo cod harbors. great internal water course unsurpassed in maritime skill and ent Our annual products wereestimated by my p edece for in this Department, at three thousend mlilion gol laté, while our averege exports ate about ouv bundred aod thirtern aiidiqne, and Our imports about one hum dived and vix mill making together two banded | and nineteen millions, exelusive of gold and silver, end of foreign commodities imported aud reexported, An eminent Hritieh authority estimates the annual crea ton ore ritain and Ireland, at bet wee dred. aud two thousand two | jor articles oritted by him, usend five hundred millions. 'T and imports amount annually to xpe five hundred and twenty millione, exclusive of gold and sliver, aad of foreign commodities imported end re-ex- | ported If their foreign trade were brought down to Je upon thie estimate, it would be reduced to | Aghty three millions, If oure | ‘were raired to their roale. it Would reach aboutsix han- | dred whitey pend nay ° | pg the population reat Britain and Ire- | land at thirty milions, and our population at twenty. | one millions, their foreign trade averages $17 83 for each individual ours 2. If thelr foreign teade er than ours, in proportion to populetion, | reduced from five hundred and twenty to } + fl ndred and pgs milions. if st ie reign | ie were ae ‘at in proportion to po; om as ie theirs, It would be welled tn amount’ } dred and a ase of, the existing diference ta to be inet. that Great Britain e whatrhe bas first brought to the Big ty it rf wendy for ultimate consumption; it ig at the stage of ite | fixed investments bave been made, which a red millions, wesball have | | | then Fave the tyetem of spoeite de | theles on which they en be conveniently laid. 7 the present ad valeren ¢ thy fol, vis of Cy bind of industry. it 0 % Hea te ber Lot, Posty a provure count ‘be stated to be: ist. Facility im proc ing taw ateriais.. 24. Abundance of fuel 3d Abundanco of food and other articles neoessary for the sustenance apd housing of the laborer 4th [he su- ee reeae, of the laborers, ia comparison with of other countries ‘The circumstances supposed to be unfavorable to our production may be thus classed: — Jet. Want of capital, 2d. Dearness of our labor, es compared with that of other countries, ‘dd, Inrecurity, by and excessive Huctuations of pric and to undue foreign competition, ‘ist. Capital. which ie but the accumulated savings of labor, is believed te be abundant antag ourselves for apy purpose to which it be prodtably applied, It is more divided than in some other countries aad artociations of ‘ceptial are, therefore, more common among us than elsewhere it will be increased by the labor of every successive year, aud for investments rea sonebly secure. it will flow in whenever required (as it hus aiways heretotore dove) from other couptries, where it may exist in greater abeudance. The amount of capital required tor a large production is not enor- nour. ‘Tbe whole capital, for insfance, employed in the establishment aud tapport of iron works in Ragland and Wales im 1847, bas been estimated at tess than one bundred millions of doliare; the aun@al production then being about one miilion twe hundced thousand tons. 4. The difference between the price of labor here end in Great Daitain ie certainly great, and. it is to be hoped and expected. will never be diminished by a re- duction of wages bere. ‘Lhe difference has been esti- mated at an average of thirty-three percent, Pro. babiy the average difference is much more than the In some brauches, euch as the manufacture of iron, is certainly much greater. his ditlerence is io parc 2 Fs exporere to the Influence of violent no foreign comprenrated by the disadvantages under which the | p navufacturer is placed by thy necessity in some hes of procuriog bis raw material from a grew! di» tence, or trinsportiog ® heavy article of production (such a iron) to a distant market. In addition, be is pressed by w heavy baithen of taxution, The greater éficieney ef our’ labor is to some extent au addi- tional compenrutory element. This inelutws the y for acquiring kill, the ruperior co, the higher inventive faealty, the greater ioral’ and physical energy, both of action apd endurance, which cur people poesens in comparison with the foreiga taborer Gutter fed, clothed, houred, gen aud eansated— conscious of the wbility to lay up rome capital annuaily from his eevings—exrcouraged to imyest that eupical to terpiiee im which bis labor is engaged—enj | practically greater civil and political liberty—ivoaing | forward to an indefinite future, in which, throug hi own good conduct ard example he may expect each successive generation of his decendsats to be better cirenmsianerd than its predecessors, it cannot be doubied that these sdvantages add greatly to the eficierey of the American laborer tent to Which they ge towards compon ence im the price of labor. it is difheul eflicleney ef cur leber may be expested to increase with the inertase of reward to the laborer In many of the New Erginnd factories, the laborers are encouraged to invest their eurplus earnings in the stock of the com- pany by which they are employed, and are thas stima- lated by direct personal interest, to the greatest exer- tion Itway be expected that this system will be ia trodverdinto other branches in which it may be found Practicable, lending as it does, so powerfully to elevate the laberer. increase production. and practicaily tn- struct ali men in the great truth of the esseatial har- mony of ewpital and labor. Gd) Cepital flows freely, at home and abroad, in every productive channel in which it cau flow ssfely, aud willeven incur great havards, if they be such as its owner may hope to meet by the cere and eiroumspecy tion of bimeclf or others to whom he has coufided its mapagement But it he koows that skill, industry aud econcmy cannot avail him, and that, in addition te ail the contingencies of rivalry and markets, he is to be further exposed to dangers arising from causes quite beyond bis control or counteraction. be will hold back, ihe veeillations which have oveurred iu our policy have no doubt deterred a large amount of capital from investment im industrial pursuits, The eucourage- ment cflered on one day, aud on the faith of which e exposed to loes by the withdrawal of that encouragement on the next. Ye in fact substantial discouragement. Aad the insecurity resulting from the repetition of suck acts Pas been reriously detrimental. 4th. The fuctuations in the foreiga mark have for many years been such as seem to denote wn ua bealthy ond feverish state of business, They are not in the naturel course of a wholesome trade svem to betcken and the apprehens: the efforte now making tp England to suste’n the Bri- The precise ex tish manufacturer, by putting at hazard other impor. | tant branches of industry. The competition of new establishments with very large ones already in extst- ence broad, and in which the price of iabor ts lower, la evident! in machinery, furnaces, &e, cannot be changed, and k of prodvetion will not ees until price fave been reduced to @ point very little above t cf materials, Jaber, aud repairs. Of com vbere the lower price is paid for labor there will be a larger margin for reduction, by the exerigee of part of the profit; end where ® great aceumulatien ts 1m hand Of the avails of the besiness of former ywara, the owner %, not au equal competition... The capital fixed | m | properticn it may find it his interest for a while to sell his commo- | ity af less than the actual cost, if by that mrans he | can drive out his rival, looking, of eearee, to subse- | quent reimbursement (at least) when he shail again bave the control of the market, ‘This known necessity of the position of foreign ma. nutactures, of course tends to discourage new as weil to detest th ments of capital he To counteract the influence of these unfsvorable cir- cumstances, which.to long as they continue, must greatly retard cur advancement, limit our foreign com. | trem which i8 will be merce. and preventthe due progress of indurtry, | pro- | pore that the duties on the staple commodities, (whe- ther raw material or manufaetured articles.) fa which foreign nations compete with our own productloas, be Tuived tom point at which they will afvrd substantial and Fufficlent encouragement te o pr lor the necessury inor Ube revenue, and ensure the permanence and stability Experience has, | think, shown this to d effectual mole to promote new aud revive langue branches of industry, provided the relection of the ebjects wively made, and limited to there productions fer which the country is naturally adspred We have been, perhaps, too long hesitating and va cillating om the thre id ctagreatcareer) The waat of stoblity in the « of legi-lation, aod other dis turbing cousex, bave heretofore cecastoned Inconve niences, The short duration of rome of the tariff acts = the grent expansions of the eurcency which have curred during their operation—the Compronuive aot, ( ud due seourity of resuit of what was believed to be a polltical aeger which, whatever its effects on existing es*ebliehan undoubtedly direcurmgud new urers—and fi the unexpected repeal of the act of i842 - there clroum tterece have certainly been of e retarding charac Yet itis importible not to obterve thar. at «ve vorable moment, vast movements ia alvaore hi been meade, and that the ground thue gained has ne been entirely lort It te believed that every article the manufacture of which bas been established here bar t thet establichment, ¢ wed gradually to Giminich in price, and that, without a correrpouding reduction in the wages of cr oud not be diminished by demand for it. Statements are sunexed, marked (L) exbidit- ing seme Instances ct thie reetut ‘L bese facts lead irresietibiy to the cowelasioa that our labor becomes so much more efelent by use, ao- quired skill enlarged establishments, and new feelli- ties derived from inventions; that the diference ia price between it and the foreign labor, however rerious an chstacle to euccessful competition, will become leas (four eotivity in the same branches at it by HO menus folio re, that labor because ite products ate sold cheaper; or that becaure labor is better paid, its pro- Quote must be Fold dearer, All that is wenting, ta a general determination that industry shall be enooureged and supported in the home preduction and manufacture of iren, wool, © ton, sugar, end our other staples. aod that the leg tion neerrrary to rustain it ehall be firmly edoptedand ered in Iwill proce which it ep to state the nature of the modifications existing tarifi, Heiail ter present a pla fa ¢ J.” The rates of Guty are, in ray opinion, to tow, eu cles Fitoilar te ovr ewn € 1 concrive w cially at the ve enti rovisdons produced IM7, ond ton great extent contix ® Even t ds, ixon, wugor, b has fallen, under vb 3,902,004 00, taking the average of IMS- 1849; boing 4 Will be teen by table of annual reve rman r 6, fre $14 2,6 the receipte ef ie dimination $ N), hereto annexe owe: The pain as follows: « ne, eee ‘ 5 On hemp, vhineeefac ‘The very pmall inereaee whi n ooh roffered mater be grently there On, those end Cther ort 2, I propore @ return ¢ revenue ¢ * Beper he wively to the rew snr fi cite duty is merce, Moree fyetem, Of e to the average ayet the difficulties # which attend an appraiee- ment of the foreign market valve of each invoice, ~ sores an evusl duty on equal quantitice of the game commo- ity. Under the ad val em, goodsof the Ty h and quaiity, and between which thete cannot be a difference in valoe in the eam Lime, nevertheless may efter fi Thee the harerds ott wably, 5 r domestic tadustey. | | View to 26 ‘of the ‘are passed there, every Be ecirne ik aarp Leet, roils ade it the fan ° to Wea July "gi ‘within whore * Gisteiet’ merchandise ‘4 par inytyt Pa on 4? £2 *.uge the dutiable value of am > fordance with the Provie™ yng of o cipmeenti By the 2d seotion of 4 act of 10ch Angust, 1843, it is pro- vided, that, * im appraising all goods at amy port of the Uai- ted States, heretosore su ted to specific duties, bat upon which ad vatcrem duties are impcsed by theact of the tnir~ tech July last, enttled Am act reducing the ry ther Purposes, reference shai: f 8 oods imported during the Last fi tone for the prev ea. all be presoribed by recited provitions do the value of similar vd t Atvostainment of the valve ‘That time was, by crrcular isued by my 301 oth peo 1M7, determined to be the time o1 shipe ft. MY predecessor issued three circulars, ealliog not the otheers of the o sions to pro the 2d tection of the wet of Web A 145; one 1ith and ene the 2th November, lets, and the last December, Ith, and, there eaa’ be no doubt, ad atl i eventing und id be checked by Treasury iastruc~ jorts have been © ntivued by dical faults of the system are city, or regulations, itis believed, yrecticable means for Trauds, eo far as they cow tions aud regulations. the Department; but th such that no vigilance, «i have been, oF een be found ellootual fur the purpsse. Tn Exgland, 10 is belioved to have long been w reutied point that specific or rated duties (which are ad valorem on an as~ value) are in every respect better for rovenuy and han any other eyster. ekect of the eaisting system on production is also striking, See document marked (— ) anuexed. Lt to Sgrravate the great fluctuations i price, which are gy inju- rons to trade us Well 98 Industry. When p road are very high, the duty is bigh also; and whet they fall to a very low poiut, the duty iv low in ia 18 a sliding scale ef the worst kend. dui) forms a part of the price,.t readers the extremes of iio other by & per ceniage on the If the flucey broud tuation more remote fiem ¢ range equel to be trom $0 t duty hd Sn. al ry ould be $5, and the lowest ‘very wccount, 1 strong! m cf specific duties on all . Oi rhe syst veniently applied, FooUmmend & recurn artees to which they ean bo No. 3. On those ai licles cn which an advalorem duty is re~ 1 recommend thet it be levied on the market value in ipal markets of our own country at the time of ar- ier to ascertain at uur ports such wm: the ’ rival. dt would be © ot Value, than itis Lo escertain what waa that of a fore we. Rvesy importer should declare the ud by giving the option to the government ue thus & u t commtry ats past ¢ valve of his googs to take them wt the v the aetusl vali ol uncervaluat Ject, and as a eror, and wan ©! eatended c of anprateers wt lat m would occur. cacure tending to the prevention of otunitormity of yaluetion at che various st, L would recommend the appointwen’ whose duty it shall bo to visit, from tine to time. the diferent costom-houres, interchange views, evpernicnd the mece of appraisals, aud suggest such practi- cal reicrius 86 may be deemed necessary to a just nnd equal eniorcemcnt of thezevenve laws. ‘The provisions of the Goa~ tution, whieh re hat all dutics and imposts shall be 0 ho United States, cannot, even with & Jeppect then can be : law, Whieb merely gives to tho Secretary of the Trea= autctity to dicot the appraisers tor any eolleetion dis~ trict. to attend in any other collection disuries for the purpoee of appraising auy guods, wares, and merchandise wer duty upon non-enumerated articles which are enuweratod, Toads to utroversies and uoneevssary d by making the dury om 4. Ibe laying than ic imposed wpom Atte pts we disgutee, Litigation, whieh would b Bon: enumerated articles higher than on the och Diftereut rates of duty om manufectures of the same mate ‘i onvenieRt, aud the same remark apples to the poued wpon the maunfactures cf wool and he eflect of laying the same or a higher rate of duty onthe vow wa’erial than is imposed on the manutactured article, too evidently tends to injure our industry in competidon with that of other countries, to require moze thaa & passing observation. WARENOUSE A statement is herewith preset ses incurred fiscal establish & warehous hey amount to $1/4¥ e, BO, system,” from whi A bo beyend all the To ths sum there are to Le ae labor, ler ire, etaticnery, Se., that Go not appear in these secvunte, Dut justly belerg to them. ‘This sulject is ene of great embarrassment to the Depart- | ment. Congress has not made any provision for these ex- penses, Unless they are embraced in the appropriation for the expenses ef collecting the revenue trom customs. Toa large extent, they are iueurred without the reevips of venue whatever, ‘to meet the vrovisioas of t the several ‘this ect provider ported merchand) u y law, or Whenever the importer shall mal the raid merebandise sh olleever, und deposited in the pablic to be agzeed on by the evllector and the t It appeare also to be contemplated by the wot, that porter. the storege chall be at the usual rates at the port of importa- tion. ‘The act of Sd March * requires that all Ms or, Naval Othoer, ai and paid for by the Vodector as apon this Depart- ple provision for h rrivi Ta, ler! er The experienc fully proves that the receipts from st snd no other should be gharged, will Of the system. A statement is also pr of dutiable mer of three years 1 rates, ornge at not defray the expenses curing 3,710,670, OF Su annual ave hat period was S. S161 f December, 1516, to Sh Ju merohandice frem an usual average of &: ware-houre there is ine uded the rted from foreign countries wad tra: iso the wheat, whens four, from Canada, and the salted fal rot ¢ that was Lay ported to Caade from other m provin #b 5 Doris Uc enactment of the wi wd 1646, the total exp: eqsnt, rilara, is made up the Britieh North Ameri- traarperted wader the iraas: elore referred v6 he to the extent of more tt Of Ue wheat, flour, fel, me., m the revurre mace to t Jaton onta publisbed, the eperaticn of thew felt im the general he oply Ceseription ‘ { © NOt, to AM conel= a one Warehouses, with & ce every Where demon= may vish advantage be Gre ialuly sob ap are needed owbity for food of manu A rapid eommuntenti nivoter that deposited in py for the ¢ N yt be seen th he pub * nexed marked K,) from whieh is will tmount at the ead of any quarter, wim... .. And the average mount at tho end of ow quarter war... .... th int of doties pays ue end of rier $2,001,294 35, € each pate aud form. of 2d March Inet provides * ‘The bth seoticn of the net sll imports subject to duty, aud yhercon the duties are em asceesed. thal te Ceporiied In the publie ware= ad pouse, f for immedia porta: two for consumption art but no good uty eball be hereafter back, or exported for y Tawback, after the: ‘The effect of this section, if rig ve the importer of the privile of mere! wuder bond from o cf re. warehousing th record section ef the yertion of our citizens ef any p trict to another, and the provisions of the and thereby deprive a jcipation in ite ttention of Com- a. The qvestion of the expediency of continving the # bed by the act eutitled ‘Au act to provide for orgaulration of the treseur: keeping, trapefer, and Gishureement of the riage of coin from place to pla some, espeoiatly in those southern porta rife the coin chiefy in use The number of eletks authorized by law 4 ty le munch woo hmited. ¢ employed ie 8 draft on hie drare mit from tim ron bia o ided, that the Cagily araym Within # enort Se tod the aval roft on gn ansiet~ h draft, and vided that eneh thin two weeks aftor ebwally 20 of ev yon a of coim et atising from the ecenmn!at nes required for the public service, iy ve owt Co be inaeparadle from the ayetem iteel Trblic creditor with a draft on a remote office, wh oF collect ia pore n with at h du epateh of special me f lon J evetody of the public money— penreten tention of Ge DIRE LLANE " By the third agetion of the sot ef 84 March, 1549, quest) frieing to the refunding of duties eslivcved fee sevion of penalties impored, on the eronnd the colleetion wat fm of the penalties wromafully vested Wp the degjsion of the Secretary of the Lt the | period, say | and | pen ure beetion oF ments of | Ben Francisco a recommended, » Sof im posit arend tl recept tion of the British vessels, from British or other foreign (under our existing laws,) after the Ist day of js uary next, be allowed to enter im our porte with car- goes of the prow ion of the werld, chargee. an ves Tdecm it proper vo the existing provisior of the United States with e of de may be deewed expedient and proper to mes trade which bas arisen tered condition of th regpleting it wasp ‘he law by atned, this trade ia now rogulated was enacted cn the 18th of February, 17%, and it essential provisions Dave not Leen changed by subsequent legislation, Within the period elepeed since the date of the law, C r ‘and important changes have take: ba by which th ‘changes in le, Hence a rigid the law produces tO Dersons en- , in some ease se of steam power— reriouely. detrimental t0 their interests, aud. thas ting a just appeal for some further legislation en the confidently believed that some of the requirements of ht be dispensed with, and others changed or mo~ to relieve the trade from existing restriotions and ments, Without hasarding the security of the ro- venue, Should Congress feel disposed to act spon this subject, the partinent wall, by that hody, subuit vie Tecommend: ulated, 1 its opiaion, to accomplich the object desired. ‘The operations of the Ooast survey, under the superinten t- ence of Professor Bache, have been diligently and successfully prosecuted during the past season, with satisfactory results jn the respective Lranches of this’ important nationa! work, ‘the report of the superintendent, containing a detailed ac- upt of the extension of the work during the season, and its Fa of blishment has gradually enlarged un- i gvea) magnitude and iiaportanee. In wy hi numbered iwo hundred and eighty-eight hevses né thirty-two floating lights. Of these, sixty-one ated uper the shores of the northern lakes aud river Bt. Lewrence. Additienal lights have since been erected un- der epprepriations made by the act ef the Sd March last, and are in process of erection, @ special report of which w jubmitted to Congress without unt delay, Due at bev given to the vi al wort revided for in a riatiens placed at the dispoeal of ti iment by sere of the last and previous of Cor es for the erection ospita’ d for providing the fe contem pl © preservation of hfe and property trom cuotem- houce structure et New Orleans has progressed thicugbout the past season without interruption, and as ra- Pidly as was deemed prudent with due regard to the massive che racter and general nature of the work. Tho foundations by chip wrec! dave been laid, and the walis om the four tides of the buil+ ding carried u tothe plinth course of granite, which haa completed arovud the entire siructure. ‘The unex ¢ Velanee cf the» porcprisuon for thie Work will m lieved, prove suflivient to carry en the same beyond t) ihe present month. Lt is théretore recommended that ® y The struciures for similar objects at Savi and Fes port, Mai Iso in w state o the fermer eave, the walls of the basement, and of the prinol- VB! sory, are completed, and the Walls Of the second sory will ke veady fer the cornice by the lirst of February next, &nd, jn te opimion of the superintendent, the whole structure will be © ded. 9 cusLom-bouse at Bast- ort hee ing of the second story, which aa been Lai winter. ‘A custom: house buildicg at Portland, in the State of Mai has been purchased, as provided for im the.generai approp: tien net of the last session, ‘The purchase of the buildings for # similar puryose enneyivania, as contemplated by the same wet, bas rot by part of the Levisiature of that State giving its consent to the purchere, serequired by the joint resolution of Congress of the 1th September, Lk. Some unaveidablt delay has oocurred in completing the pur~ ehnee of the lecied by my predocossor for the proposed curtem: house structure at Charleston, South Carolina, o¢- carioned by the requisite investigation and preparation of title abd treusfer cf the It is now havisg ecw approved ttorney G pve be onvey chare-money pair beer Je denigne, oF plant, with epectfieations and estimates for the contemplated building. ‘Tis evitices erecting for marine hospitals at Cleveland, Oluo, Piuteburg, Penneylvania, Louisville, Keatuoky, advanced as to Warrant the reception of patients . out Littl ‘covered in temporarily for the tious Arkan- Er & tithe to the site formerly ‘purchased for that object at St Louis, and the inmpracticability of procuriug another in time to Lulding consistently wich the joint res 10th September, IM © othe with the al Congress, & in peace and war, I ower of the mation, ak te te for mons jc 0 their dcetitution nud sick uese jn all the ports f the Union, The moxeys placed at the disposal of the Department for roviding wenne for the preservation of life and property, by a * part awee into Now York b erection cf houses epprorriate ai for their preservation—in the purchase of mortars, earron- oeke end other approved epoaratus for commu- with etrended vessel Ip giving effcet to the hamane and munificent intentions of ted in enecers veappropriations for these Vevartment has bad the netive Gow operation of Saving Bene of New York,” and dof underwriters of P hi in regard to the specially rofer- have been addressed tothe Department, to the hoapital build falling in of the bank te es appropriated for the structure ina persion of the ‘money red to arrest the farther encroachment of aint y the removal of the Leda bert. In Che belief (hat the interests of commerce dictated the obetryciion so as to admit the passage of ather than the ers stion to contract for the work. eopriation by several eeu postponed until e were take weeded th lertwking by . for oi ‘ongrew, an exhibit | owing the business and cotvage of the Miat at ®, from lvt denuary to Int November, 1649, ments of the noeowe ts of t ‘As reyuited by n of the act of 1782, end of yet freien : pired by is sets of Mh April, 1864, 25th and 23h Set, wed 24 Maced, 45, will be trauemitted ine cement marked (EB), for the infor- flor Reference cor te unbe 'NEW YORK HERALD. panne Gerthwestcorner of Fuiten and Nassau sts. rrr JABES GORDON BENNEPT. PROPRIETOR AND EDITOR. ee nonanal VoL ¥ CURKESPONDENCE, ¢ portant te, aaiclied ram any quarter ef the wor NO“ RUTICE taker, of anonymous, sommunieations, We eannot return rejected communication THE DAILY HERALD, Beeuts per copy—ST per an- oun. ‘THE WEEKLY HERALD, for Circulation on this Con- im- iv nent, s published every Sattirduy, at Oy cents per copy gr FS ner annum j for ctreutation in burope, 2: in French ond English, at 6% cents per copy, er $4 per an- “The DOLLAR WEEKLY HERALD. every Monday, 2 per copy, $1 per annum; siz copies 0 cluds, Ye., L LETTERS bscription: ithe Lit LETTERS by mat for exburiptions oy with sonable prices; the pre-~ in mat Py th emitted, MUDVERTISENENES, att pristor not resvonsible for err. AMUSEMENTS THIS DAY AND BVENING. BOWERY THEATRE Bowerv—Afternoon Perform: Mutiny at tHe None—Taxixne THR PLence—Mose, Jox ann Jack. Evening Performance—Tux Four Mus- METeRDe. JADWAY THEATRE, Broadway—Guy Maswerinc Kaine kine any Pern NIBLO'’S GARDEN-—Ticnr Rorz—Cuai Danort—Raour, BURTON'S THEATRE, Chambers street—Sanra Cuavs —The Saxiove Fasity-Lavemine Hyewa, NATIONAL THEATRE, Chatham square—Afternoon Per~ formanee—Omntnvs—OL¥ Br LL— Dunn Savoy ann. ping Performance—Tis InvincrpLes-Fesaie Guanp— Dumn Savovany, OLYMPIC Tasareh, Bi MoLaven.ix Mao \O FERISTIC jway--OLyurico Revets— Anzow—Tue Paomissony CHRISTY'S OPERA NOUSE—Afternoon and Evening— Erworian Minstk Es AMERICAN MUSEUM—Ten Penvonmarcea DURING THE Day anv Bvesine. ASTOR PLACE C!RCUS—Three Pexformances—Kquxs- TRIAD IM AND PANTOMIME, OHINESE ROOMS.—Giippon’s Paxokama ov TEE LE. of SOCIETY LIBRARY-S: Buirrz—Four Pexrorm- ances. “Wew York, Tuckduy, December 25, 1849 The President's Message—The Treasury Report. We have, at length, the first message of General Taylor, and also the first—possibly the last—re- port of Secretary Meredith. We have no room, nor tume, nor disposition, to make much comment on these important documents to-day. The President’s message will call forth mach curious comment. In many respects, it 18 a most remarkable document—differing with the mes- sages of all former Prestdents, since the foundation of the government. The leading points jnthe history of the republic, for the last year, are recounted very briefly and qmetly, without much force or energy in the tone or laaguage.— The fussy blunders made by Mr. Clayton are smoothed over and pared down with some skill, but m a tone that looks like contempt for the Se- cretary. The fracas with France 1s treated, very properly, es a bagatelle—a tempest in a teapot, as we called it at the time. With England, em- br ing the Nicaraguan question, there is no pros- peet of any difficulty. Yet the General has a bit of spunk in him—and he shows it towards Portu- gal,which 1s threatened with another messageiif she does not pay up what she owes us. Portugal had better pay her debts, or prepare for a licking. We must show fight about something. On the great topic of the age—the subject of elavery in the new territories—the General 18 by no means clear or explicit, although he is bold against the veto, as daily found in legislation. On the finances he is as bright as day. There we know his opinion. There will be found a deficiency of only $16,000,000 next year, and he at once re- commends a loan—an addition to the debt and taxes—like a plain spoken man, who never has been :n Wall street. Not a word is said of the numerous removals and appointments—an omission which does not correspond with public expecta- tion. In short, this message is one of the most innocent documents ever published. It is very much hike an claborate elongation, or dilution, of the inaugural address. Yet we like it. Many will like it, and some will laugh at it too. Of Secretary Meredith’s report, we have no room to enter upon a long analysis or extended criticism. It is for a high tariff, pleaty of protec- tion; against a specie currency, a sub-treasury, and recommends an increase of the revenue by an increase of the taxes—a sort of reductio ad absurdum 1n political economy. The message and documents will have little ef- fect on the legislation of the present Congress. Al- ready, in the Senate, General Cass has proposed the abolition of the Austrian mission. Good! go ahead. New States anv Terarrones.—California, De- seret, New Mexico, and probably other portions of the Northwest Territory, will all be applying to the present Congress for admission into the Union, as States or Territories. Independent even of the uppheation of the Wilmot proviso to those States or Territories, their very admission, with the limits claimed for them, will form strong points for dis- cussion in both branches of Congress. California, as her constitution is framed by the present population, embraces a sea coast of seven hundred miles ia length. This is evidently too large a territory for a siagle State, and would dis- turb the balance of power in other States. Besides that, the population of a prineipal part of California tom requited 7 The mineral retourees of our recently acquired in Cotive o extensive feld for aotion of the net of 23th Jai poesersions 6 davele pa~ ting, as to our fel- | ' timers w hould Le AS Ferpo! abiighment ef a branch of the hew propriate % yubmitted, ITH, Secretary of the Treasury. ‘The Hotels, 5 J.C, Higginson, Newburgh; J- MeLaren, Ni c. W. A. Mitebell, Toronto; A. Dace, Baltimore; W. Hast, Philadelphia; ©. C, Wiggins, 8t. Louis; R! Du- nell,’ _M. hibl P. Rineb, y y a} L. Bird, Lorr, St. "peipiett, Louie: rooks, Boston; J. Te touley 3, W. Hutton, Philadelpht; F.C. Coo timore; JL. | Mors, Philadelphia; L. Mone, ‘Wm Moss, do; T. K. | Lathrop, boston; Jehm Hall, Toronto; T, Mott, Phila: deiphia; Hom. A, Nicholas, Geneva; D, Davideon, J. Ferrier, and Jas, Gordom, Montreal ‘ . Que. azong (he arrivals yesterday at the Irving Intelligence. list of officers attach The following to the U. 8. coast survey steamer Hetzel—Lieutenant Com. John Hgdgers, First Lieutenant, Wilmer Shi! Acting Mirter, W. G. Temple eon, Henry 0. Mayo; Pass- ed Midshipmen, Joho K. Wilson, Horace N. Crabbe ; Prgineers, Kilpatrick end Stewart; Captains (lerk, Knorr, Paecepgers—J. Hnil Adams, Mr, Mason, Mrs, W_ Shields, The Hetxel is bound to ‘Wert, for the ag of survey K vicinity, touching Gest at Capel ve Late Panawan —it ie etated that Dr. Park- would rarely if ever go to law to obtain his rights raying to his aequaintonces, “Bad business—bad busi, nere, my fri ever go to law.” But be would continually remin btor of his pro- mites and Sw when they arrived at maturity, He would dog him night and day until he obtained his pey, or beeare eatiated that the debtor ha: exertion to meintain bis integrity, If, efter trying every ment honettly cowld not cbtal Domestic Miscellany. ‘We are indebted to Kingsley & Boston pepers in advance of the mail. There were seventy four deaths in Boston, for the week ending the 22d inst, | and are, like the other, too exte: | mensions for admission asa single State. New have no right to ducide upon the limits of that State. That is a matter within the control of Con- gress. The same view will apply tothe State of Deseret, which has been organized by the Mor- | mons, and a constitution for it formed, and the lunite of whieh interfere with those of California, ive in their di- Mexico may wish to come into the Union as a Territory, and that would be another point of dis cursion in regard to its limits. A preliminary discussion, therefore, for the ad- mission of Cehforoia and Deseret will be held on the dimensions of those States, and on the right of | the accidental clueter of population of those regions to designate their limits. We think that none of those limits or boundaries will be admitted by Congress, but that new ones will be made out for them. This will be a subject of agitation and dis- cussion, independent of the Wilmot proviso. Ocran Postaer.—A_ very considerable effort is being made for the reduction of ocean postage in the eteamships. The movement originated with those persons who successfully labored to procure areduction in our inland postage to five and ten cents. The same principles, however, do not pro- perly apply to this class of postage. The great ex. pense attending the working of steamships would seem to demand a higher rate of postage on all let- ters passing by thove vessels. The class of society, too, who employ steamships for the conveyance of their letters, can afford to pay a liberal and even a high postage. The poorer classes, either in this country or in Europe, who cannot afford to pay high postage, have still the packet ships to send letters by, and the charges of which are merely nominal. Indiscriminate cheap postage for the ocean, when steamships are used, seems, therefore, to be a doubtful policy. ‘Thentrical and Musical, The crowded state of our columns, this morning, oo. casioned by the length of the President's message and the Treasury report, compels us to omit our usual thes- trical musical notices, The several houses were ‘well filled, Inet evening. See adverticomonts for the various perfor: oon this eroning. The Lepislature of South Caroli resolution cordiaily approving Renthern members of Congress, who refased to vote for any member.in the slightest degree tainted with unsound views on the rlavery question considering any law parsed by Congrens, abolishh Pty the District of Colum bia, or the adoption thet iy of the Wil. mot proviso, temtagount to a diserlution of the Unjon, TELECZAPHIC INTELLIGENCE, IaPORTANT FROM WASHINGTON, Our Special Telegraphic Correspondence, TME RECEPTION OF SIR HENRY BULWER, THE BRI~ ‘TISH MINISTER—IMPORTANT MOVEMENT IN THE. SENATE—THE MESSAGE, ETC., ETC. Wasuinaton Crty, Monpay Evenine, Dee. 24, ow. $ Sir Henry Bulwer, the new British Minister was~ presented to-day at two o'clock, to the President of the United States All the cabinet were present. The most co feelings were expressed in be- half of the peaceful relations between the two- countries, and by the members of the cabinet. Mr. Bulwer was received with remarkable conde- ecension. The cabinet seem to be thankful that he hae come to help them eut ot their difficulties. Neither Mr. Squier nor Mr. Chatfield will be sustained— the very thing for Mr. Clayton. . ‘The motion of General Cass, on plomatic intercourse with Austria, lies over. Wheme it comes up, he will deliver a great speech on the subject. You will see that Mr. Bradbury, (dem.) of Maine, has called for the papers against the office- holders turned out. This indicates the course of the Senate in regard to the appointments. Mr. Foote has given notice of his bill for a com- promise division of the territories On its merite- we may expect a full discussion in the Senate. No officers will probably be elected this week by the House. The friends of Forney, of the Penn-- sylvanian, for Clerk, will endeavor to get the plu- rality plan, but a large body ef members will resist it. The Southern men do not like the Message.— They say 1t amounts to nothing on the slavery question, or, that it means the proviso, if anything. Congressmen and the Holidays. Puitapeienta, Dec, 24, 1849, Congress will do nothing till after New Year's; many members will be absent during the holidays; a quorum of each boure will formally meet on Thursday, and ad- journ, THIRTY-FIRST CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION. Senate. ‘Wasninoron, December 24, 18497 The Senate having been opened in the usual form discussion enened relative to doing BUSINESS DURING THE HOLIDAYS, A motion that when the Senate adjourn, it be to Thursday next, was adopted, Mr. Dickinsex inquired whether it was designed to tranract any business before the first of January. He eaid it was not customary to do enythiug during the holidays, and if this custom was to prevail on the pre- sent cecasion, many of the Senators desired to be ab- sent during the week. A general understanding that nothing would be done this week, was the rerult of these remarks, ™ FROM THE Hover, A mentage was received from the House, announcingy an orgarizateon, end its appointment of the usual committee to wait on the President, Mr. Davis, of Mississippl, submitted the usual resolu. tion for the appointment of a committee, on the partoy the Senate, to act jointly with the |\ke committee from the House, to waiton the Presi! to inform him of the organization of t) Houses 1 of the readi- ness ef Congrees to 1 any message which he pted. ated Senators Davis, of Jo Island, said commit- Miseiseippl, and Greexe, « tee on the part of the Se whereupon the eommit— tee proceeded at 01 tot ‘scharge of ita daty, PRESENTATION OF MEMORIALS, Alarge number of memorials was presented and re- ferred. The papers in many cases were withdrawn: from the files for new reference. OUR DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH AUSTRIA, Mr. Cass submitted a resolution, instructing the Committee om Foreign Relations to inquire iato the expediency of suspending diplomatic relations with the Government of Austria, which lies over under the rule. Mr Cars gave notice that he would not call it up untid after the holidays. THE NEW TERRITORIES, Mr. Foorr gave notice of a bill to provide for the organization of the territories of Californis, New Mexieo Dereret—their subsequent creetion inte nd for other purpose: This bill provi for passing these several countries. Tepidly through the form of territorial governments before admitting them as States, THE REMOVALS FROM OFFICE bY THE PRESENT ADMINIS- TRATION, Mr. Brapsvny submitted the following resolution whieh lies over:— Retolved, That the President be requested to cause to be laid before the Senate all plodin hich be had referred or filed in any of the departm against Todividuals who had Ay re wed from olen since the © y of Mareb last, wit THE COMMITTEE APPOINTED To WAIT N THE PRESIDENT, Mr, Davis, from the Committee appolated to walt on the President and inform him of the readiness of Con. grere to receive any communication he might have to make, reported that they bad performed the duty as- signed them, and that the President proposed to trans- wit his annual merenge to Congr THY MaEsHAee OF THE Col. Dises then appeared in the aisle, and delivered to the Vice President the meseege and accompanying documents, ‘The mereage read by the Clerk, THE TRRASU RE ron, ‘The reading of the mesenge having been concladed, the Vice President laid before the Senate the annual ree port of the Secretary of the Treasury, the Treasurer's report, and the report of (he Census Board, all of which, together with the mersnge, were ordered to be printed. Afler which, the Senate adjourned. ie Opened by the Vice President, and of Representatives, Wastinoton, Monday, Deo. 21, 1849, MEMBERS BwORN IN, The several State and territory delegates were called~ d sworn in atthe Clerk's desk, by the Speak. members to hold up their their seats while the roll was calling, to save them, It was not agreed to, On motion ef Mr. Thomrsos, of Mise it was reselvedy that the House hed cherem Mr. Cobb for Speaker, and that the House was ready to proceed to business, On motion{of Mr. Trhonrsox, of Pennsylvanta, thag the usual committee be appointed, in conjunction with one by the Senate, to wait on the President, and inform him that both houses were organized, and ready te receive any communication he may be pleased te make, A mereage was received from the Senate, that they had appointed a committee to wait om the President, Concurted in. ‘The committee of the House wae appointed, but not announced. THE RULES OF THR Hover, Mr. Weetwonsn offered a resolution, that the rules of the Houre, e# existing at the last session, be continued till the firet Monday in February; and that « commit- tee of nine be eppointed to revise them. Some of them. ought to be altered. a# they camnot receive the approval of the majority of this louse, Mr. tfoffered an emendment, that the old rules be continued, and ® committee of five be appolated to reviee, none except the eleventh rule, which provide® that the majority chal elect officers, MMe did this te prevent ¢iMieulty ruch as had occurred, Mr. Scurnex gave notice of an amendment to ex~ clade the Committee of Co ree and Roads and Ca- nals, and, instead, appoint a Committee on Foreign. Commerce, one on Commerce among the States, ‘The consideration of this was postponed until Wed- nerday. Mr. Monee wanted, when the House adjourned, tc adjourn three days, to give the Speaker an opportunity: to appoint standing committees, On motion of Mr. Brave, of Maryland, « resolution. was adopted to draw for coate—the names to be put in e box, end on each drawn name of a member, he was to telect his cent. He desired to provide that absent mem- bers should select by prozy. ‘When this was fnicied, it was resolved that when the Houre adjourn, it be a|journed till Thursday, Mr. THomrson, of Penasylr from the committee