The New York Herald Newspaper, May 21, 1849, Page 1

NO. Statement of Mr. Burden. THE CORONER’S INQUEST, AND THE CAPTAIN’S STATEMENT. Se. dic. dite STATEMENT OF MR. BURDEN, OF TROY. Inow Wonka, ‘Troy, (N. ¥.) May 19, 1949. § To tne Epitor or tHe New Youx Herat : Sim—So many of my friends having asked me to re- Iete the circumstances of the fatal collision of the schoo- ner Noah Brown with the Empire steamer, on Thurs- @ay night last, and being anxious to anticipate the in- ‘of other friends, [ ask permission, through your , Widely circulating, as it does, through’ the country, to give a statement, once for all, which will tatiefy their curjosity, while, perhaps, it’ may throw some light upon he public mind in reference to this most melancholy catastrophe. I had not an opportu- nity of seeing the schooner, before she struck the Em- re, and therefore | shall say nothing on that point, yut shall state what I did see, and also what | think cht to have been done on the ovcasion. ‘Was @ passenger in the Empire, from New York, and about half-past ten o’clock, when we were off Newburg, 1 was passing along the main deck, and being chilly, stood near the engine at the starooard side to warm myself. The engineer was in the engine room, and we were eonversing, when I heard the sound of the gong, the first stroke of which means to “stop.” In an in- stant, a double stroke, which means to “reverse,” in- dicated to my ear the close proximity of danger ahead. The engineer promptly obeyed the order bat five ae- ¢onds did not elapse from the moment the command to “ stop” was given, till | heard a crash on the starboard bow. The steamer immediately careened to the side on which she was struck. Looking out, 1 saw the schooner with her stem right into the Empire. Soon after, | heard the ery that the latter was sinking. From the slow progress of her descent, however, I knew considerable time must elapse before she ould go m. 1 thought all was right above, and that she captain or pilot would have given the necessary orders a8 to whut should be done, or give the passengers such intimation of their danger, and such advice, as the emergency demanded. But no order was given, nor advice, nor warning of danger; nor did any officer ef the Empire come upon the main deck, or near the ladies’ cabin, where I waited in expectation of obtaining the earliost information of our situation, | remained there fully twelve minutes after the collision, The only announcement I heard was from some irre- sponsible persons, who cried out frequeutly, © There is no danger, don’t bo alarmed,” and repeated the words when the water was actually over the starboard side of the main deck. There was not even a light available. I endeavored to loose the tackle of the yawl, slung at the aide, filled with passengers, erying out in agony, for some one to lower the boat; but [ could not do so, for want of a lantern; and it is worthy of remark that that boat continued fastened to the steamer till it waa eyed down by her under water, and the passengers adi to escape from it to the upper deck. ‘There was a general rush tothe upper deck from delow, which I regarded as dangerous; scattering as much’ as possible, under such circumstances, being most conducive to individual safety, and I felt, more- ‘over, that it was useless; for there never was a steamer yet built that, with her engines on board, could float when filled with water to the main deck; and that the E did not sink was s mere accident, upon which uman being could calculate. It was the cireum- stance of a large number of light boxes, tilled with dry- goods, being on deck, which floated ‘up against the saloon deck, and kept her from entirely going down. ‘They probably displaced 150 tons of water, while they did not weigh more than 50 tens, and thus’ 100 tons of Duoyancy was gained. Believing, as I did, and reasoning from all analogy and experience, that she would go to the bottom in a very few seconds, | now, in the last extremity, waded through the water to get hold of a box, and hastened with it to the after gangway on the starboard side, taking my position on the railing, holding on by the stanchion with onc hand and the box with the atber, where I stood till the Empire settled down from under my feet, and left me floating in the river. As I could notswim,! need not say | was in extreme danger. I was half’an hour in the water, and my head only being over the surface, and even that twice under it, when I lost my hold of the box, and my voice, calling for assistance being drowned by the cries of others, there was every probability of my being overlooked, o of being run down by the Van Winkle, had she per ceived the accident a little sooner. While in this eri- tica) position, a fishing boat, having shad on board and in the act of taking off ‘the passengers from th» wreck of the Empire, fell in with me by accident. and icked me up, and landed me, with the others, at New urg, otherwise [ should certainly have been lost. T shall now point out what, in my opinion, was don that ought not to have been done, and what was lef undone that ought to have been done. In the firs place, the captain and pilot eught not to have left the vessel, as they did, in the very beginning. ‘The con- sequence was, there was no person on board with au- thority to give orders totake such measures as would save the lives of the passengers. Secondly, it only required a few strokes of the en- gines to have brought the steamer to Newburg dock, where all the passengers might have been landed in safety—the distance not being over a quarter of a mile, or three minutes’ sailing. In fact, she might have steamed four miles before her engines could become inoperative. Instead of doing this, the valve was open- ed, and the steam let off almost immediately after the concussion, and thus every chance of safety from loco- motion was defeated. Further, from the peculiar con- struction of the engines of the Empire, there was every facility for working her to any point. They are inde- pendent, and can be worked separately, so that one wheel ean be made to revolve, while the other is either stopped, or reversed, at pleasure. It was, therefore, the pe st thing imaginable to have stcered her, even with- out a helm, notwithstanding the incumbrance of the schooner attached; or, by working the larboard engine only, she might have been extricated. ‘Thirdly, every passenger could have been Quietly and deliberately put on board the schooner, which, being filled with timber, could not possibly sink; and it is astounding that this was not thought of, either by the pilot, or captain, or hands, or by the captain or crew of theschooner, Of this fact I was not aware till after all was over. Fourthly, the alarm bell, calling for assistance, was not rung till the Empire was half filled. In fact, nothing was done as it ought to have been done, else not a single life would have been lost or jeopar- dised; and, as epee to me, nothtng but the maiming or 168s of fife of the captain and pilot at the outset, could fairly account for their non-appearance on board during the whole time rhe was sinking, till I floated off the railing, when the main deck was eight feet under water, still sinking. H BURDEN. THE CORONER'S INQUEST. ‘The Coroner, Mr. Parmenter, held an inquest on the 18th instant, on three bodies, namely, Elizabeth Car- son, age 17, of Scotland ; Eliza Noble, of Essex county, Nn. ¥. about 60; and George son of George Buekland, of Pai son, N. J., age 2 year: The jury were sworn af G o'clock, A. M.. have boen engaged a day, and will probably be occupied over two The testimony taken to-day was as fol- lows, viz :— Geoncr Bucksann, sworn.—Identifies the body of L. Buckland, as his child; aged two years; we came on board the steamer Empire, of Troy, at New York; at the time of the accident, my wife had the child'at the foot of the stairs; the water reached my fe’s meck, and washed the child from her arms; at the time the beat struck, I was up stairs, and my wife and children wore in bed; two of my children are mirsing; after the boat struck, | went forward, and found the boat fust filling with water; the steamer had runinto a schooner loaded with lumber; | saw the sehooncr, she had no lights; the sails were hoisted, and she appeared to be under full way; the steamer was going rather northeast when the schooner struck her; after she struck she filled almost immediately, and went down; it was dark, but [ could have seen the sails of a yossel'a hundred, if not two hundred yards; I should think it was about ten o’olock when she strack ; I was in conversation when the boat struck; the con- cussion was severe; it was about four minutes after the blow that I went below; immediately after the pilot rung the bell, the shooner struck; he rung two bells; after the last one rung, the schooner struck; Iam from Paterson, N. J.,and ain on my way to Troy; my wife ‘was raved James Canson, sworn.—I am from Wilkinshire, Seot- the body of Elizabeth Carson as his r he time of the ac- the cap-ain’s office, Dut she was not asleep; she has the bread now that I handed to her; Margaret MeDowoll, my wife, and John Carson, my sop, are still missing; we all came on board at New York; there were several in our party; four of the party arwnow infeing yet, viz: Janette MeCullough, Elien Daucan, Hiizaboth MeMurra Margaret Duncan, all from Scotland; they we lying on the deck together] Natwasine Pere sworn—t{ was on board the steam. boat Empire; [ came on board with my wife at New ; the accident took place near Newburg. between m and halt-past ten o'clock in th ening; | was im the lower cabin aft, in berth No, Thad merely thrown off my upper garments; I heard the eonens- sion; the noise was slight; I was not alarmed by it; 1 was on deck in five minutes afterwards, aud tried to quell the passengers ; the bont was then carcening ; when I got @t of wy berth | stopped to put on my overeoat ; when I got on deck the women were coming out of the ladies’ saloon; we had then righted the boat ; / raw t lying at the bow of the boat ; my wits told he water was on the cabin floor JT got wp on the hurrieane deck with my wife ; we and Sfty passengers atepped on board the schooner; we then threw plank overboard, in order that others could rave themselves; the Rip Van Winkle came ia between ws, and took off all but about a dozen; | told the coptaio that we had better get out of the way, that she would go down ; I was on the schooner three- quarters of an hovr; the Rip Van Winkle backed and wept around ; adter which we heard a crash and a ter- wible soreant ; there wore small beats around us ; it was a starlight night the schooner was distinct to my view ; the Kip Van Wintle came up in fifteen minutes after #he struck ; | think all could have boen «aved if they bad been catm ; pt. Robbins was on the pehooner ; the steamer could have been rua on shore , and re all MORNING EDITION----MONDAY, MAY 21, 1849. TWO CENTS. if she had been detached trom the schooner ; her bow lay directly against the sehooner ; the steamboat left New York preeisely eight minutes atter six o’elock ; I did mot suppose they were racing. Coxperrram Berry sworn,—I reside in Montreal was on the steamboat Empire ; | came on il A at New York ; we passed the Rip Van Winkle seven or eight miles from the city ; in the race, we came in col- I was told that it was s boat ; Hssion with soipething ; nothing afterwards occurred until 9 or 10 o’slock ; did not feel the slightest concussion ; the bows seemed to be at angles when she struck ; the first thimg I ob- served, the men were jumping into the small boat of the Empire ; I told the men to get out and let the la- dies get in ; the ladies told me that the cabins were filling with water, which was the first intimation I had of it; I heard the bell of the Empire ring after the when the cabin had two fect of water I went on deck ; | thought my only chance was to swim; I then took three settees, and got into the water, but { dropped the settees, and swam for the shore ; | swam some distance, and found | was sinking, my clothes be- ing very heavy ; I got hold of a plank with a boy on it; he told me not to get on it, and | did not, but held on'the end ; I found that it was the gangway plank ; a boat came along and rescued us ; | did not return’ to the steamboat ; my idea was, that there was rivalship between the boats; I think ae left New York nearer 6 than7 ; she went down in from four to five minutes ; the Rip Van Winkle came up ina short time ; I did not examine to see whether the boats were in contact. Noyes Lapp sworn.—I reside in Stonington ; | was on board of the boat ; came on board at New York ; Cyrus F, Ladd, Darius Ladd, Nathan S, Ladd, Elias W. Ladd, Delia Avery, Cecelia Gallup, are missing ; the males are from 10 to 16; it was probably 20 minutes after she struek before she went down to the promenade deck. Wim W, Loreen, sworn.—I should think there were 250 on board. We were about opposite the lower dock of this place when the concussion took place; she headed NW, Before the accident, 1 was onthe state saloon; I heard the crashimg and went out The bell rang just before the shock—probably one minute; our object was to go ahead of the vessel; I was then on the romenade deck, and could see all that was going on. he schooner struck the boat; she came under full eail, and struck the boat between the bow and wheel; there was not breeze enough to make the schooner un- manageable; there were no lights on the schooner; the schooner is the Noah Brown; she was louded with lum- ber; Robbins or Robinson owner; it was from five to se- yen minutes before she went down to the promenade; it was impossible to run her ashore; we think the pas- sengers were all out—none in the state room saloon, and I think no more in the ladies’ cabin; no officers of the boat are missing; after the concussion, we rang a bell; we were not racing; we generally go through with- out landing; we arrived here earlier than usual, on ac- count ofthe tide; we did not run against anything in the ruce; we saw something and stopped; it depends how the veseel is situated as to the distance 5! may be seen; the schooner was into our boat—the bowsprit and bow were jammed in; Iam captain of the steam- boat; the officers are all temperate men, and believe were all at their posts; we saw the sehooner, bat in- tended to pass her; | have followed the water twenty rs; the concussion was not very heavy; the rule in Tegard to passing is, for a steamer or Sailing vessel, going before the wind, to go under the stera of the crossing vessel; our boat being low and heavy, our pilot thought it would be impossible to go under her stern; We gave directions for the gassengers to got on board the Van Winkle @ fast as possible; the schooner was beating downward against a south wind: it was either slack water or commencement of the ebb; there was no ifteulty in seeing the schooner, but we tried to pass er — Post. Col. H. B. Todd, whote name does not appear in the list of those saved on the steamer Empire, is safe, The reason of his name not appearing among the list of those taken after they were transferred to the Rip Van Win- kle is, that he remained on the wreck of the Empire, assisting in rescuing those under the deck. [From the Albany Argus, May 19.] Capt. Tupper, of the Empire, informs'us that Mr. W. P, Bump is among the passengers saved, and not in- cluded in the Budget’s list. We learn from other sources that Mrs. Hays, of Troy, was also among the saved, but her two children, aged 7 and 9 years, both perished. TELEGRAPHIC; Latest Intelligence from the Steamboat Empire—Another Body Found, é&c. &é. Newnuna, May 20—8 ‘ The wreck of the Empire still lies near the east side, opposite this place, her stern sunk in about twenty feet of water. Rough weather would, it is thought, cause her irreparable injury. No means have been taken to raire her. The John Mason is alongside, to receive sueh baggage and other property as may be found. The wreck presents a sorrowful appearance. The upper rigging contains many kinds of human apparel, found floating on the boats, denoting the extent of loss of life. The exact number has not yet been as- certained. ‘There are numerous strangers in pursuit of the re- mains of deceased friends. ‘The Coroner's jury returned their verdict last ove- ning. It censures the pilot of the Empire, and attri- butes the collision to his neglect, carelessness, or want of judgment. Another body was found this afternoon, on the main deck of the Empire. It was that of a boy about 14 years of age. The hands of the boat identify him as a boy who came aboard without money to work his pas- sage to Troy. ACoroner’s jury at Fishkill are to meet again to- morrow morning. Seven bodies have been taken to that side, and three on this. The little steamer An- nette has been running all day to the wreck, loaded with passengers, and makes a harvest in the way of passage money. As the deck begins to give way and go to pieces, valuable freight is reached. In the clothing recovered, several sums of money, in specie and bank notes, have been found. We are surprised here that no measures have been adopted to raise the boat. It contains, beyond a doubt, human bodies,.with valuable property. The commu- nity is kept in painful suspense, while those who have friends missing, are afflicted with feelings the most agonizing. SECOND DESPATCH. Newsura, Sunday night, 11 P. M. Another body was found to-day, that of a little boy about ten years of age; mame not known, The steamer is not got up as yet, but it is expected she will be t@morrow. It is said several lives have been lost by towing the steamer to the other side across deep water. Every man here is down on the pilot, and entirely concur in the verdict, LHIRD DESPATCH. Newaura, May 20-114 P. M. At10 inst Saturday night, Stephen Parmenter, Esq., Coroner, charged the jury, when they retired, and at fifteen minutes before twelve o'clock they returned the following verdict :—That Eliza Noble, Isabel Carson, and George L. Buckland came to their death by drowning, on the wreck of the steamboat Empire, opposite the village of Newburg, in said county, on the evening of May 19, 1849; that the steamboat Empire was wrecked and sunk by coming in contact with the schooner Noah Brown, when said schooner was under way, beating to the south, on her wastward tack, nearer the west shore, with the wind blowing from the south-west; that the night was not so dark as to render sailing or running of boats difficult; and that the pilot and others on board the steamboat Empire discovered the schooner, and saw her course when she was from fifty to one hundred rods distaxce from this steambont ;—that the schooner pursued the ordinary course of vessels, under like cireumstances, and is not chargeable with negligence or improper conduct ; and we are of opinion that it was the duty of the pilot of the steam. boat aforesaid, under the circumstances, to have run the sald steambont astern of the schooner; and that he might have done so had he discovered the schooner; that his omission to adopt that course was injudicious, indisercet, and highly censurable, Names of Jurors:—Allen M. Sherman, ifenry M, Hershberg, Hiram Bennett, Jobn B. Jameson, Robert Lawson, Isaac Odell, Alfred Post, John A, Atwood, Charles Irvin, Samuel J. Farnum, Stephen IL. Yate, Grant E. Edgar. at Queene sterday the wind blew fu- from the eastward, and was the cause of considerable damage, The steamer Charlevoix having sprung alenk, left Gillespie's wharf for Wolfe's Cove, where it was intended to rn her ashore, but she filled sooner than was expected, and sank in the cove, up to her paddle-boxes, At McDonald's wharf the schooner Maric Louise was stove in, fore and aft, and is com- pletely filled with water, At Parant’s wharf, « batteau, with @ few ban.ela of flour on board was 40 injured that she filled with water, and the barrels of flour were bro- Ken up, | Two schooners, also, near Mr. Muna’s wharf in St, Rochs, have reovived very considerable damag A cupitain of ell overboard, and was drowne Quebee Lhron., May Frosr A@ain.—The Savannah Republican, of Monday, s.,v8 :—“ We learn from undoubted au- thority that & light frost was acon in this city on Satur- day morning lat, the 12th inst, This we believe to be unprecedented im the history of late frost. The ther- mometer at six o’elty'*,Sajurday morning, stood at fifty degrees. THE CONFLAGRATION OF ST. Louis, | DESCRIPTION 0° THE OITY. THE BURNT DISTRICT. - &c. &e. &e. It is a singular circumstance in the history of this eventful year—eventful we mean, thus far, in judg- ments and fearful disasters—that we have to record, almost at the same instant, the destruction, to a great extent, one by fire, the other by water, two of the greatest and most commercial cities of the Union, both of them situated upon extreme points of ths Miseissip- pi river. While New Orleans is threatened with being submerged by water, St. Louis is suffering from the effects of ope of the most extensive and destructive fires ever recorded. The origin of this fire is very remarkable That part of the city where the steamboats are most thickly crowded together, is called the Levee, The steamboats are thickest and most crowded at this point of the river, from the foot of Locust street to the foot of Market street, The space between the river and the fronts of the stores and warehouses on this Levee is, we believe, about one hundred and fifty feet. It is, therefore, most extraordinary that the fire, as our accountshitherto deseribes, should have com- munieated from the burning steamboats to the houses on the levee, thus producing a general conflagration of the city, Perhaps our surprise at this circumstance ought to cease, when we reflect that the whole space on the Levee, during a busy season, is crowded with bales of cotton, barrels of flour, goods, merchandise, and packages of all kinds, some of them of a most inflam- matory character. Again, our surprise is excited at not being able toaccount for the tact that these steam- beats, being on the water, were not immediately cut loose and taken out, or sent adrift into the open riyer, away from proximity to the houses and merchandise. We can hardly account for this by saying that they had no steam up, and were laid up for the time, and the hands not on board, because it seems that very little effort would have been sufficient to carry or push them out into the stream. Be this asit may, the burnt district constitutes the wealthiest and most important part of the city, We regret this dire calamity exceed- ingly, as, doubtless, many who have hitherto lived in wealth and splendor, will be found plunged into po- verty and want. It will also take some time before the city ean rise up again from its ashes to its former flou- rishing condition, Saint Louis is the largest city in the Union, wost of the Alleganies, with the exception of Cincinaati and New Orleans. Its rapid growth and its steadily in creating commercial prosperity render it perhaps the most important and interesting point in fue, great ‘The location is a most admirable one in every point of view. Its commerceal advantages of position have placed St. Louis in a high rank among business places, and it is now universally acknowledged that the “Mound City” must eventually become the “ York of the West.” Pub tere crate Wee According to the Western Metropolis, Saint Louis is in 88 degrees 87 minutes 28 seconds north lati- tude, 13 deg. 14 min, 15 sec. west longitude from Washington, and 90 deg. 15 min. 89 sec. west longitude from Greenwich. It is situated near the contre of the Great Valley, on the western bank of the Mississippi river, seventeen miles below the mouth of the Misouri, one hundred and eighty above the mouth of the Ohio, twelve hundred and thirty-eight above New Orleans, eight hundred and sixty below Saint Anthony's Falls, and eight hundred and fifty by the mail routes from Washington City. The ground on which the city is built lies on the river, nearly in the form of a semicircle, and was originally a bold rocky bluff, which has since mostly disappeared, From the river the ground rises in two benches to the height of nearly eighty foet above the level of the water at an ordinary stage. At Fourth street, or the top of the second bench, a wide, level plain commences, which sweeps to a great dis- tance, west, north, and south, forming an abundant space for an’ immense city. The natural advantages of this site are entirely unsurpassed. Unlike the “Queen City” of the Ohio, which is already tearing down the hills to make room for her teeming popula- tion, St. Louis offers an almost limitless space for im- provement. Hundreds of buildings are annually going up (last year over seventeen hundred) and yet there is room. The present city limits embrace five miles on the river’s bank, and from one to two miles wost. A distance of more than two miles on the river is now entirely occupied by substantial buildings, and in the western direction the ground is thickly covered as fur as Tenth street; and beyond this, even to Sixteenth street, good and handsome dwellings are by no moans rare, and this “ West End” is fast becoming a pleasant and fashionable quarter for private residences. ‘The selection of this admirable locality was the re- sult of @ mere accident, as will appear from the follow- ing anecdote. Some of the older inhabitants of our city relate, that when Laclede and his party first set foot on what is now St Louie, their encampment was made in consequence of there being plenty of wood at and—most of the area formerly incladed within, the city limits being then a dense forest. Their encampment being made, the leaders of the party sct themselves, about hunting a place for a now settiement. They ex- plored for some distance down the river, and then up as high as the mouth of the Missouri. ‘The result of their examination was, that the locality now culled “North Saint Louis” was selected, and to this point the commander of the expedition intimated that it was his intention at once to remove. But to this an objection was raised by the ladies of the arty! They were tired of moving about, had at length become comfortably “ fixed” in their new quar- ters, and they wouldn’t budge an imch—not they. If their lords wanted to settle clsewhere, they coud do 80, but as for themselvers, they were satisfied, and de- termined to remain. Laclede and his followers being men of gallantry, the ladies had it all their own way. “Tall oaks from little acorns grow,” and the settle. ment originated by the “ we and we won't” of a few ladies, is now St. Louis, the metropolis of tho Vest. ‘The population in 1810 was 1,600; im 1820, 4,598; ia 1830, 6,604; and in 1840, 16,460, of whom 1,531 were slaves. But by far the greatest increase of population in St. Louis has occurred within the last five years; and while the increase during the ten Fears last pre ceding 1840 was only about ten thousand, the augme tation since that time has been not less than twenty, five thousand, showing a present population of between forty and fif}y thousand. Such an increase in so short atime as five years, is almost unprecedented in the annals of any city, but it is universally admitted thi.t the present number of inhabitants in St. Louis is over forty thousand, and the prevailing estimate is forty. five thousand. At such a rate, who shall set a bound to the future greatness of the “ Young Giant City?’ And this rapidity of growth is not the resuit of undue excitement, of over-wrought mercantile calculations, of chimerical speculations; on the contrary, the ship is well provided with ballast. St, Louis is the business centre of a vast extent of country, and is the grand depot for the great Missouri river country, the Upper Mississippi, the Mlinois river, and indeed for the greater Part of the Stater of Missouri and Illinois, for fowa and isconsin, &e. This wide area is in a great measure, | dependent on 8t. Louis for supplies, and as the upper | country becomes filled up, (which is being done with | vast rapidity.) the growth of St. Louis must keep pase | with that of the surrounding region, No site could | have been chosen better adapted for the transaction of business with the different parts of the far West. | Lying as it does near the confluence of two mighty | rivers, gives it the command of the commerce of the | ies on those streams and their tributaries, and j it the depot for all the mineral and agricul. | tural wealth of those produetive regions. “ Westward, | | the star of empire takes its way,” and this great valley is fast becoming peopled by an industrious and per- manent population, St. Louis being the general head- quarters and rendezvous for all. ‘The river is seldom closed by ice below this point, so that St. Louis may be said to be accessible the year round by steamboats from the Ohio and the far South. An exception to this general rule ccourred the last winter, when nayi- gation was suspended for some weeks in November, December, and January, Another advantage in the location of this city, is the clovation of its site to such an altitude as to throw it mostly out of the reach of the great freshets which occur on the Mississippi river Much damage, however, was done to this place by the “Great Flood’? of 1844. a short ac- count of which we will here introduce. ‘The year 1844 will long be remembered as “unde des Grande Eau,” or the year of the great fres| whose de vastations and ‘deplorable consequences almost defy calculation. This tremendous overflow has had no parallel within the memory of the oldest inhabitants of the Mississippi valley. The greatest previous rise on record, was in 1785, when, in the month of April, the waters of the Mississippi rose from fifteen to twenty feet above the highest mark they had ever been known to attain at St. Louis, and at some narrow parts of the river akhigh as thirty fect. During that flood, the villages of St Genevieve, Fort Chartres, K kaskia, St. Phillippe, Cahokia, &e., were totally | sub; merged, and the inhabitants, who had fled to the hills that overlook the rich bottom, intorehanged visits by water from the rocky bluff of the right side of the Hiver, to the hills that border the Kaskaskia. The re- cent tlood (that of 1844) exceeded that of 1785, by more than seven feet, At St. Louis, the usual spring rise was greater than in any previous year since 1825; on the 1th June, the height had decreased about four feet ; and on the next day, 12th June, the water com- meneced rising again, at the rate of from six to teninch- es in twenty-four hours, and continued in about the same ratio until the 17th, when it had reached a height of some six ihches above the maximum of the spring rise. ‘The river continued to swell until about six o'clock on the 26th June, at which timo it had gained its greatest altitude, entirely submerged the first stories of the bufldings on the Levee, (and in some places filling the noeond story,) having attained & height of thirty: eight feet one inch above low water mark, and seven feet one inoh above the city grade, At this time, the water commenced receding’ slowly, and on the 13th of , Juby, bad just left the ‘iret floor of the stores on the Levee, and continued to fall gradually until the Ist o¢ September. The city has vaused a monument to be q@eeted on a line with the curb-stone in Water street, opposite the centre of the east front of the City Hall, SEVEN FERT, SIX INCHES ABnovR THE GITY DIRECTRIX: THIRTY-£IGHT FEET ONE INCH ABOVE LOW WATER MARK. Sua banks of the rivers, On the rivers above and below St Louis, much live stock is known to’ have been de- stroyed, as also much household furniture, and the re- maining agricultural products of the previous season. In this distressing emergency, hundreds of families fled from the submerged lands to St. Louis, wherg they received the kindest care from the eity officers ant the private citizens, Opposite this city, the “American Bottom’? was entirely covered, so that two steamboats plied regularly, for weeks, to the bluffs in [Itinois, eight miles. from the river, where they received the great mail from Louisyills. The ultimate damage to St. Louis itself was also great, Great quantities of goods in the warchouses on the Levee were dextroyed punch property floated off; but the injury sustained y the inhabitants of the southern part of the city, near the river, in being driven from their homes, and losing many of their household effects, was more serious The flood scted as a damper on the business of the whole season, and it is fervently to be hoped that the ae yalley may,nover again be visited by such @ ca- y: c WwW py. ver, mai ver: ‘The older streets of St. Louis, or those near the river, anda part of those running at right angles with the river, werg originally planned by the French, and are somewhat narrow and crowded. The principal streets for wholesale business, forwarding, &¢., are Mi First street, and Front street. The Levee, or Front street, ix filled on the upper sidy by substantially built business houses, whenes the grade slopes rogu- Iaely, a distance of about one hundred and fifty feet, to the river, forming a landing place inferior to none on the western rivers. The Levee is paved in the most excellent manyer, and at all seasons presents a busy scene, The stranger receives a very good impression of the immense amount of business carried on in this city on first beholding the Levee, crowded, asit usually is, with steamboats, and covered with men, drays, and goods of every description. The principal streets for retail trade are South and Market, Fourth street is the “Broadway” of St. , Louis, and is a very pleasant premenade, belng broad, straight, and containing many handsome buildings, among which are the court house, planters’ house, odd fellows’ hull, city hospital, several churches, and a large number of private dwellings. Market street rans at a right angle with the river, has become quite a thoroughfare, and is a good business street. The streets weet of Fourth, and those ruuning to the river, are mostly occupied by dwellings, workshops, ,&c., the principal business streets being those above named. ‘rhe oxtent of the district burnt down cannot as yet be known, inasmuch as the fire was still raging at the time our last accounts were despatched. According to thore accounts, the whole river-front of warehouses, ‘May we have heaps to show. F from Locust street to Chesnut—three aquares—were Chorus ; Oh! California, &e. deatros0g aud extending to Main street, the flames Panama, April 19, 1849, J. M.S, swept both sides to Market street—croasing to Second 41 15. street diagonally; thence taking @ course southward. (From the Star, April 15.) Fenn More than amile in longth, by three blocks in wid Heaps Ur.—The temporary detention of Americans a this of the centre of the fire will probably street as follows: The City Hall ie a pine building, standing on the edge of the river, being a éommanding sight on approaching the city in a steamboat. We are glad to learn that this building, though often in danger, was saved. There ‘are numerous other public buildings, forming great ornaments to this wonderful city, none of which, as we have 0 far learned, have been injured. These build- ings are ‘The St. Louis Cathedral is alarge and splendid edi- fice, on Walnut street, between Second and Third. The building is one hundred and thirty-six feet long, fifty- eight feet wide, and the walls forty feet high, above which the tower, twenty feet square, rises to the height of forty feet, surmounted by an octagon spire, covered with tin, crowned by a gilt ball five feet in di- ameter, above which is a gilt brass cross, ten feet high, ‘The front of the cathedral is of pol with a portico of four massive Doric columns. e in- terior is handsomely furnished, and contains several elegant paintings by celébrated masters, city, has been laid waste, and the ontinue until it reaches $t. George will tro) +mol The Third Presbyterian Church, on Sixth street, near Frapklin avenue, is agreat ornament to that part | witha game of billlardsor a visit tow Spanish claus, of the city, ‘The bui is of brick, and has a hand- | and a horse-laugh at the ports of the ring. tt ‘dred feet high, a well-propor. | tion to this, we can announce, in @ few days, the com- some spire, over two h da commodious basement for lecture roome, ke terior walls and ceiling are aplen- | tain didly painted in fresco, and it is, altogether, a beautiful urch. ‘The Court House is one of the finest edifices of the Kind in the country. The whole building presents the form ofaGreek cross, with projecting colonnades on the four sides of entrance. Iv is built of brick, covered | rais by a light grey limestone, found in the vicinity, which f has the appearance of Eastern granite, In tho centre | and March 24, 1840 ; of the building is a spacious rotundo, used for public Ligr ow Vansuns Satuep ron CALIFORNIA. meetings, and capable of holding — number of Dete, Nation, Name. ase. Crew, ersons, ‘This rotundo is surmounted by a yell-pro- 48, ‘ portioned dome, which may be seen at a coukiderable | Sept 12 Chile Bark Virginia. rr distance down the river, and adds much to the beauti- | oc, 9 Chile Shi 12 ful appearance of the city. The cost of the whole ex- | Noy, 42." Barl 12 | ceeded: $230,000. ' “ Sehr. 0 ‘The Planters’ House is, for many reasons, an honor Amer. Bark 8 toSt. Louis, Aside from the beauty and magnitude of Schr. B the edifice, the house is kept in astyle unsurpassed by 0 any hotel in the country, and which has gained for it 10 the reputation of being, by far,the best hotel in the 25 Wert. The house occupies half the depth of the square 10 from Fourth to Fifth streets, and the front extends the # whole length of the square, from Chestnut to Pine, 230 Seine vee 10 | feet. The building ix of brick, five stories high, con- tains 230 rooms, and cost about two hundred thousand dollars. ‘The Church of St. Francis Xavier is an elegant structure, handsomely adorned with paintings, and at- tached to the St. Louis University. In the accounts published hitherto of the fire, it was said thata Mr. Thomas B. Fargo, an auctioneer, had been killed. This was immediately discovered to beja mistake. It was Mr. Targee, of St. Louir, and head of the Fire Department, an enterprising and well known citizen of 8t- Louis, originally of New York. : TELEGRAPHIC. We regret to say that we are again without any despatches from St. Louis, Our correspondent gave us a very good report on the first day, but sinee then we haye not heard from him, although he promised to send the fall particulars on Saturday. Army Intelligence. Major Maclin, Paymastey U.S. A., left yesterday to pay off the troops at forts Washita and Towson. Lieut, Col, Miles, 5th Infantry, U. 8, A., arrived here on Wednesday last, on the Cashier, en route to Fort Warhita. Lieut. Hagner, of the Topograpical Corps, arrived here on Wednesday last. He was ordered on the recon- noisance to California, but welnderstand he has been relieved by General Arbuckle, and will return.—Fort Smith Herald, May 2, Senrence or Rioters in Bosrox.—In the Mu- nicipal court, yesterday, Redmond Cook, Barney O'Neil, Thomas Haynes and Thomas Earley, were sen- tenced for a riot in Ann street, Cook te nine months, O'Neil eight, and Haynes and Earley to six months in the House of Correction. The riot commenced by the knocking down, in the first place, of an American by an Irishman. Officer Harrington, who interfered, was in his turn prostrated, and several other officers rough- ly handled, Finally the bells were rung, as iffor fire, and with the assistance of the firemen, the riot was quelled. The ays:—In opening the case, Mr. Parker, attorney for the commonwealth, stated the pro- visions in the revised statutes, chapters 12 and 120, preseribing the mode of dixpersing riotous and tumult- ‘uous assemblages. If the riotors refuse or neglect to disperse when commanded to do so by the Mayor, or pers and two or more aldermen, selectmen, or magistrates, she- | Or Anstria, Hatwbarg, Italy, Spai Hil or deputy sheriffs, the military may be ordered to | Of Anetrit, Oty ci Laps vsperse them, without the reading of the riot aet, and | cing, Denmark aut Por id magirtrates and officers, and all persons acting un- | 440! aay ned. fer thett direction, shall be heid guiltless, and fully jus. | Mexico and Hollan tified in law, even if spectators remaining on the ground after orders to disperse, are killed or wounded,—Boston City Journal, May 19 Monsey Diacine in Porrsmoutu, N. 1L.—lt will be eeen by the following article from the Ports- mouth Journal, that a clue ix found to the treasures of the famous Captain Kidd, and that a“ tremendous ex. citement’ is the consequence :—“In digging a cellar on the premises of Mr, B. Cheever, in the rear of his store on Market strect, a silver coin, rather smaller than a pistareen, was found, on Tuesday last, bearing lainly the dateof 1371, It is in the possession of Mr, Valter A. Cate, We have a pine-tree shilling, dated 1666, dug up within half a dozen rods of the «ame spot, six or eight years ago. ‘There is no spot in New Eng- land which has given stronger evidenee of being the jepository of Capt. Kidd's treasures, A- general me ing of thore disposed to take stock in @ company of in- vestigation will be held on the premises, next Monday at three o'clock. the privilege will be confined to one thousand stockholders, those only will rtand a chance who appear promptly with a fifty dollar bill and apickaxe. It is afuct, as one of our oldest and most wealthy citizens informs us, that inuch gold is found by digging. this Fe Domestic Miscettany. Aninch anda half of ico was formed at Dubuque, on the 2d of May. Twonty-five nores of land in Kentucky, opposite Cin- cinneti, were recently sold for $25,000, mn ‘The cashier of the Union Bank of Weymouth and Interesting News from Panama and Valpa- city afflicted with sickness, &o., was to our national character for liberality and philanthro- tainments of the evening highly satisfactory. ‘The ox- temporaneous address of Col, and appropriate in sentiment, and received with many kindly volunteered for the occasion. We have no doubt that much good will result from that one well-spent evening. Anniveo.—Dr, Gwynne, of Now Orleans, a genti man of distinction and fine talents, reached the city last week on his way to California. principal surveyor in the commission to run the boun- daryjwith Mexico, who was unavoidably detained in the States for boundary ness to ruil by the first steamer for San Diego greeable as it woul globe, that we wot of. Man; United States ean scarcely ture in the whole year ; and the events of one day are a perfect index to the’ occurrences of the other three hundred and sixty-four. departures, new faces and new friends, and turning down all tl i Spanish town, this one particularly manners and language of heretofore had yery little intercourse, serve to while away our leisure hours, and, whe have an eye for the grand and imposing, the blue ceean spreading irl its bol ached beach, presents attractions with which they will not soon weary. ning. Coffeeand slice of bam in a restaurant, and wind up pletion of a nine-pin alley, for the exercixe and enter- ire it not for the anxiety of getting to the gold re- eiaeiee would be the merriest aud happiest set of fellows that ever ch country; even asit ‘The journal called from that port to California between September 12,1848, Canirornia Movements.—The followin, statement of the number who left the , 1848 : J UPRoae who have obtained passports from the De- Natives of Prur 2 Of the 112 Americans, 9 were hi whom haye gone since the 8th of Jane Uv LLIE Arnest or a Ni Starkweather arrest: of Leonard & Cunningh kets of ry did all in his earn a atuck to him whom he attempts to ‘We are im possession of a file of the Panama Star, to April 29, and a copy of the Neighbour, published at Valparaiso, dated March 30. From both of these jour- comm: ity. th Tronument which ina plete ebolish, sixteen feet in | Balt we extract the following interesting items of height and four feet square, is the following in- | inteltigence :— | seription:— The publicher of the Panama Star, having secured HIGH WATER '. June 27, 1844, pantanicthe gold diggings, takes leave in the follow: a having secured @ passage for California P. Lege. the Niantic, which will leave during the coming week, now takes leave of the readers and patrons of the 7, thanking them for the liberal patronage extend- ed tothe little sheet during the few weeks ho has been connected with it as publisher, and hoping that the t same liberality will be continued to those who may suc FS. allt pd oh “7 unp fe si ve ceed him, The Star is not yet ready to set. 1s there a ee, eed some humaa lives \e i 4 by the rapidity with which the wators rose over the | Punter im the city who wishes to play publisher for « | (From the Panama Star, April 8.) ManitanLe Seinit,—The entertainment given on docrday evening, for the benefit of emigrants in the highly creditable ‘The large hall of the American was crowded with a -y orderly and attentive company, and the enter- eller was happy in style rks of approbation. The music of the evening y ereditable to the young amateurs who had so Mr, A, B, Gray, oral days, is also here, The party of the amixsion are now all in the city , in readi- SONG OF KR com Written at seavlir, “OK S We're a band of Trajan brothers, By the star offortune led, And we follow our Aineas To the placer’s golden bed ; With our bags upon our shoulders, And gold Jumps in our heads, | With our sifters and our diggers, Wo shall show them “we ‘aint dvad.”? Chorus: Q California ! We'recoming “by the powers And ifyour gold don’t “catch a fow,”? Twill, be no fault of ours | ‘The Falcon steamed us to Chagres, By steam we'll serape the river, And down beneath the water blue ‘The gold flakes we'll discover; Weill fill our pockets full, my boys, Weill fll them till they sweat Oh? wo shall be the luckiost dogs On the Sacramento yet ! y Chorus: Oh! California, & We are rigged to-dig, wo're rigged to fight, We're rigged to meet our cating; And when we reach New York again, ‘We'll be rigged to “ stand the treating;”’ Then, here’s @ health to those bebind, Success to us who go, And ele cere we reach our homes, though annoying enough, is not so dise- \d be in many other places on the an inland town in the oust an arrival or depar- point, Not so here—arrivals and are turning up Message of Governor Dana, of Mai aboutithe Taylor ‘Administration, Slavery In California, &e. de be PME ES AE, 'he incidents attending the late presidential election furnish subjects for® botts congratulation and regret. For congratulation. bo- cause they clearly indicate that the most sensitive chord in the American heart, is that which throbs to the impulse of patriotism, ‘General Taylor, by his cool discretion and noble daring, gave success to our arms in many an unequal contest. The successfal de- fender of his country’s rights, he has been promptly crowned with his country’s highest honors. Every good citizen must be gratified in the bestowal of such & reward for such services, when done without a viola- tion or disregard of other duties. But it is a just source of alarm, that the people should have elevated an individual to such « responsible position, in entire | ignorance of his views, in relation to those " | ciples and measures which have ever been tl is of distinct party organizations—prineiples and measures which the one Party havo urged as indispensable to the prosperity, and the other opposed as destructive to the welfare of the country. That such professedly vi- tal interests should have been thus left to the hazard he doubtful developement of unknown opinions, aks either insincerity in the advocacy of thase principles and measures, or a willingness to sacriticg the well-being of the nation to considerations of por- sonal popularity, individual advaucement and party success, But, notwithstanding these circumstances, which we cannot but deprecate as of evil augury, still it is the duty of all to give cordial support to bis administra- tion, sofar as its measures muy accord with their con- vietions of public policy. I doubt not that those who epposed his election will be governed by this rule, in cXtending a frank approval or manly opposition. 1 is » be hoped that the country may not be disturbed commercial policy o: last administration, which has been so eminently suceess- fulin removing shackles from trade, and in giving to it increased facilities. Especially ix it desirable that the jal system of tho government should be continued—that great agency, which, by its restrain ing and sustaining influence. has carried us with eom- parative safety through a universal convuleion, politi eal, financial and commercial, as great us the world tion of the introduction of slavery into ou: territory, is still un open one. furnishing abundant material for agitation and irritation, and de- priving the people of those territories of the benefits of civil government. In my first annual communication to the Legislature, | expressed the deep feeling of the free States, that these acquisitions should continue as they then were, free. Time has not in the least degree weakened, but has rather confirmed that feeling. I also assumed the pssition that slavery could not be in- troduced there, except by the force of positive Inw es- tablishing it; and endeavoring to fortify that position by reference to the nature of the title which the master has to his tlave—not a natural, but a mere statute, lo- cal right—a right which ceases to exist wherever the statute ceases to have force. ‘The same view of the sub- ject has since been taken by the most eminent jurists in the country, and is now not controverted. Such being the case, the territories in question must forever remain free, unless surrendered to slavery by an act of Congress, or by laws enacted by the people of the terri- tories, If they, ut the time of their transfer to our ju- risdiction, had been permitted to determine the ques~ tion, I have no doubt their action would have been a prohibition, instead of a sanction, of the institution,— Butif there were reasonable ground of doubt in rela- tion to the actlon of the original popul t doubt cannot apply to the present or future, Slaveholde: knowing their inability to retain their slaves in the ab- rence of law, do not and will not venture to transfor them there; while, at the seme time, the reeant disco- very of the mineral wealth of that country is attracting thither a flood of emigration of non-slaveholders. Those territories are probably as unanimously anti-slavery in sentiment as any state in the Union; and, being #0, the institution cannot exist there, unless forced upon them by positive law of Congress—a measure which the most ardent friends of slavery iave never proposed, That country, therefore, is in no more danger of being overspread with slavery, than is the State of Maine; the north bave no e novelty of & the habits and whom we haye while. ‘ople wit if observed to that end, ‘answer to instruct as well as amuse. To those out before them, with its beautiful coast, its rugged rocks and its wave ‘Those who are more matter offact im eat their oranges in the mori Main street, chat with the senoritas, ‘and sleep till the cool of the eget 0 ro ug) ke their segars, : ‘Then comes a turn on the battery, a cu ment of those who are fond of that kind of sport. ce threw together in a strange , wo are right hard to beat. the Neighbor, published at Valpa- ©. gives the following list of yeasels which sailed tind of fear, and the south have no hope of it. Goth fear and hope might perhaps have reasonably ex- isted in many minds, before the character of the popu- lution became fixed’ by recent free emigration, and by the absence of any effort for slave emigration; but since that, they are without foundation, If such, then, is ttre true position of the territory in question, eon- gresrional prohibition of slavery therein would’ be no more productive of practical result, than a congres- sional prohibition of Mahommedanism; neither can ex- fst there with or without prohibition; and yet the north and the south are both excited to the extreme of +, the one inalsting upon prohibition, and the other resisting it as just eause of disunion. The early cstublishment of territorial governments is desirable, not only for the protection of the exposed persons and property of our fellow citizens, but for the purpose of Allaying an agitation which can only be productive of Ovi toga sapien ° timber townships contain far the most valuable reservations, while they generally hold out but smalt inducement to settlements, Undoubtedly the it receipts will be from reservations in townships which wiil remain unoccupied for centuries, I am impressed with the belief. that it will advance the general inte- reste of education. and be far more equitable and just to the future residents of now unoccupied territory, if the products of all these reservations were a into a fund for general educational purposes; provision being made for sae fee from, that fund, of a stipu- lated sum to the inhabitants of any township, in com- mutation of thuir reservation, whenever they may be- come incorporated. In this manner, an important ad- dition may be made to our school fund, » large portion of which would remain, for a long and indetiniteperiod to give aid to the cause ot education throughout the State. . * . * + * ‘The products of agricultural labor are undoubtedly of greater value than the combined products ofall other labor in the State; and yet that pursuit attracts less of general attention than any other. From its unobtru- siveness it has allowed itself to be nearly overlooked, although the great interest of the State. = * * ? Julia Hortens: Seis de Junio... Antonio Ramos... Charlotte. Emil... Oregon Ae Adelaida .. | tion of a fixed amount of propert | as the debtor might select, whether personal or real, | But with our present means ofeducation, little advance can be made towards its accomplishment, There is not in the State, and probably not in New England, an institution where @ practical, scientific, aqeloultaral education cun be obtained. ‘Three- fourths of our popu- lation are farmers; three-fourths of the rising genera- tion will be farmers, and yet there ly no opportunity for one, of all thix number, to obtain an education adapted to, and in wid of, his vocation, =* + ‘The policy ofexempting a portion of the property of the debtor for attachment, for the double Easnte of enabling him to supply the necessities of himself and family, and of furnishing himself with facilities where- with Ke may ultimately relieve himself from his debts, has ever been recognized by our laws, and is both hu- mane and wise, But I am convinced that the exemp- . of such description inetead of the list of specific articles now exempted, would be advantageous, both to debtor and creditor Deewuce each individual debtor could then retain the property bert adapted to his circumstances, and ealeu- lated to afford the most aid in accomplishing the objects for which the exemption was made * ee As the time is approaching when a new State valuation | Will be necessary, it is well worthy your consideration | whether a more just and sutisfactory mode of preparing it may not be devised. Inmy annual mersage to the Legislature of 1848. 1 suggested legislation for the classitication of convicts inthe State prison, in euch manner ag would remove a) troops | 5 10 ie 13 li wD 4 (4 Bhip tees The same journal gives the following official list o ona who left the Sandwich Islgnds between June bt ng Fe is an official jslands since classified as follows, viz— partment may be 4 EStizens of the United States of America. ....... 112 Natives of Great Britain and Ireland, and of the Britieh Dependencies Gererety $1 Citizens of France... .. 0... 0+. ‘ M4 Natives of the Hawaiian Islands. 3 Whole No... eee + 230 pound to the United ‘of whom two had families, and one gentleman ston; Lwith kix family went to Oregon; 2 to Kamschatka; 1 to Manila; 1 to Tahiti with bis family; ia. weet the OF British, 1 went to sea; 1 to Tahiti; 1 to Valparaiso; 58 to Of the Of the 26 Hawaiian, 1 went to Valparaiso; 24 to Call- fornia, one of whom had his family. The Italian went to Tahiti. All the other persons went to California, The num- ber of thoxe who have gone to California, without pass- ports, and of foreign mates and sailors residing on shore under bond to re-embark, who have gone to Call- fornia, ‘So far as the paseperts show, only 219 Jifornia, two of whom had tamilies, 14 French, 1 went to Franeo; 15 to California, nnot be exactly stated. perso pt date, have gone to California, the greater part of reign Office, Nov. 1, 1848. Lcietininhtieeaiasiemanca porrous Pickrocket.—Ollicer sted this forenoon, in the office , ‘am, auctioneers, at 37 Tremont ‘a notorious New York pick- dotgcted in the act of examining the fersons who were in attendance. | power to resist the officer, who, | ‘as he always does to the rogues rest; but it was not until offl- " , Hopkins, and Pioree came to his assistance, | 4 tollected a large crowd of persons Kearn was locke wp for examination Boston Journat, May 19. troops | 5 | 2 | 12 Androklus... : 6 ‘Aimer. Silvie de Grassxe 1025... 0), troops Ham. ¢ Nicolaus... .... 6 5 | s mi. 6 Be 16] French torine. io 18 | ms. 7% My . B, Lamar, 3 1 Ovalle...* 7 Sacramento ‘ w | Victoria Rolland ... ~” 18 | Mie 6 the young offender from association with the hardened criminal. Impressed with its important bearing apoa the public mor d the public safety, [ ask your con- sideration of the eubject. In the same communication, I alluded to the generat impression upon the public mind that capital punish ment we practically abolished, by making the duty of ordering an execution a mere discretionary one, and te the impropriety of enforcing the death penalty while such an impression existed, The just imference from, the inaction of the Legislature upon these suggestions, fe, that it did not desire its enforcement. But | have boom unable to discover the grouads upon which such a construction of the law rests, and am forced to the conclusion that the duty of ordering an exeeution is imperative upon the executive, uuless the power of commutation of punishment is interposed, * + + ‘The recent arwendment of the constitution, providing for the meeting of the Legislature at the present time, was indueed by the f, that jt would diminish the cxpenses of the governmont, by shortening the ses Wut the result has this hope entirely unfuad ‘Phe change Jans |i a beavy aad wanveessary bur. then upon the f the Cogielatuce, and all wh» Dave legislative business to tran attends ata time when the al re mort | and any corresponding pabli ms; vert tu engag’ has fulled to Ax the cireulation of ovr banks allt pably 8 some time to ¢ portunity for prospective meusucos, » retain speck wre general circulation, Cit to some extent at least, the basis of stien vlative and floaneial skilt hh itself, though it often reaps ruin from ex- d contractions ; but tho great want of pro- industry, next to'skill inthe art of prodne- tien, fs & uniforin measure of the value of its produ tions; and the chief, though secret, mode of depriving it cf ite reward, is the enlargement of that measure to- and its diminution to-morrow. The quostion of the amount of our circulating mediuin shall be, svhether Jarge or «mail. is of very little moment, eous- pared with the question, how shail we insure that it ber large next year, when the promise to pay becomes as it is this year. when that promise is made. * * tis unquestionably the fixed wish and fntention of the people that our public debt pe paid as it matures ; to provide for this the annual assessment of a tax of $200,000 will be required until that object be aecom- . ’ . * . * plished JOHN W. DA Council Chamber, Augusta, May 14, 1 nite! due da as du Movements for California. ‘The ship Angelique, Capt. Windsor, sailed on Satur~ day morning for Sen Fransisco, whe tat of passengers of which we published yesterday. It had been announe- ed than an association of ladies, under a a. a dence of Mra, Farnham, were to go he list, we find only the following adler, ae ging gh ad ove ‘and servant, Mra. Barker, dirs. Griswold, and Miss Sampson.