The New York Herald Newspaper, May 20, 1849, Page 1

NO. 5462. Important from the Continent ‘of | Europe. Our Cologne Correspondenec. Cotogne, May 1, 1849. portant Position of Affairs in Germany—The Crisis on the Continent—American Ministers in Europe—Important Diplomatic Incident, §c. Thave just returned from a visit to Berlin and rankfort, and find the whole of Prussian Germa- y in a state of revolution, which may burst forth In a deluge of blood at any moment. At Berlin, the King has diseolved the Prussian “hambers, in consequence of their attachment to e Frankfort Diet and . Constitution, and martial w is ruling in the capital of Frederick the Great. The Rhine provinces cannot be appeased by all he cunning of diplomacy and the power of King illiam ; and you may be prepared by the first teamer to hear that a war, similar to that now ging in Hungary, will be waged, based upon the rinciples of the old confederation of the Rhine, ith a determination to establish a united govern- ment for the Fatherland, and to sustain that at rankfort. The government of Berlin will not be able to put Hown this insurrection, and Russia will be inveked lo their aid. The barbarians of the North, from hat frozen, inhospitable land, will come, when allied, to do their master’s bidding, which will be he signal for young republican France to rush to he rescue of the German confederatien, remem- bering the words of their great Napoleon, * that in ifty years, all Eurepe will be either republican or ‘ossack. Austria has been beaten in the battle-fields of Tungary, and that noble people have fought them- elves into the rank of nations. The government of Vienna, with all the Empe- ‘or’s power, has been unable to arrest their victo- ies; and, to prevent their conquering legions from marching to the walls of that capital, have suppli- ated for assistance from the enemies of European independence. The legions are now on their way to crush every erm of liberty in the nation of Hungary, and they all be ready to continue their Vandal march into e more sunny lands of Southern’Germany, where hey will be met by the sons of France, and, as in Hays long past, they will cower before the eagles, ind be driven back to their frozen land. The eun of liberty has already shone so brightly, nd imparted such warmth to the breasts of rege- ated men, that the icebergs with which his liber- es have been begirt by the despotism of Emperors d kings, have broken loose from the positions here it was intended they should for ever remain, nd are now, like avalanches, sweeping down pon those who created them, and whose situation nll soon be equally as desperate as Sir John ‘ranklin’s Arctic expedition. “a The sweets of liberty have been deliciously en- oyed during the year 1848, by the people of the rman fatherland. The tidings from their brothers n America have been transmitted by every steam- T, filled with gratitude to God that they have been placed in peace and happiness, in that world here the eagle eye of liberty watches and pro- ects every emigrant and exile; and they now say o Russia, ‘Come on, we defy thee. Kemember hen our bayoncts meet, when the carcasses of our Cossacks shall have fattened the vultures of many, our march, after setting Poland free, not be stayed by the burning of Moscow or wails of the Kremlin, but at St. Petersburg we \-ill dictate the terms of submission to your master, und with his fleet at Cronstadt, batter down his despotism, and send it into every sea, bearing the flag of Germany, as a representative of the retalia- ory justice of the united fatherland!” cae must join in the crusade of justice, the suc- ess of which is guarantied by the hand of heaven. [France must fight ‘the battles of her revolution, either on the soil of (Germany, or the legions of despotism will be strengthened by accessions in n ing throuzh our devoted land, and on the elds of France fate may shriek aloud at the fall of liberty and the dismemberment of that patriotic Ip . Asan American, if my eyes were a foun- in of tears, I could weep day and night at the ‘ituation of my fellow men in Germany, through hich I have been travelling the last year. I have everywhere been reccived as a son and brother, and all they desire is a security and con- tinuance of their constitutional liberties; bat a knowledge that the Russians are on their southern march, es the mother press the infant more closely to her bosom, and the father to seize his musket, and vow to heaven that their march shall lbe stayed, or his body shall rest beneath the, soil which he will die in defending from the Russian’s polluted tread. _ . How humiliating must Austria feel when she recollects the efforts made by the American minis- iter at Vienna, Mr. Styles, to arrest the revolution land effusion o{ blood in Hangary. The standar! of the angel of peace is the banner lof America, wavse diplomatic representatives are instructed by oir government atall times, without violating the rights of nations, to nse their influ- ence to arrest tie unnecessary sacrifice of their fel- low men. " . " The Hungarian General, knowing this, sent a messenger to Mr. Stiles, soliciting his intervention with the Austriin General, to grant an, armis nd to arranze by negotiation the subject i te. Pofad Austria permitted the representative of the tion, whose motto is, “Peace and happiness,” to Pave influenced tl«s arrangement, the stain, which can never be eflzxced from her banner, would have been averted, and the werld would never have known that the Emperor of Austria was too weak to withstand the power of Hungary. _ Mr. Stiles was informed by the Austrian Genoral that “Austria never treats with rebels;” and his messenger, who had been sent asa herald of peace, formed, that if he was foun the Austrian empire after ten days, a home for life would be pro- vided for him. : The diplomacy at Berlin cannot comprehend the policy of the retiring government of Mr. Polk, cre- ating another mission to Germany, at a moment when it vive 0. important to propitiate the good langs of the king. 5 feet ie well knows there that the king poss :ssed the kindest feelings towards Major Donelsoa, oi: minister at that court; that, contrary to the tations of his ministers, hé had a private » > interview with Major Donelson, in whic’: ested this distinguished diplomatist not‘ Frankfort his home, but to continue with his; resting family at Berlin, and occasionally, if ti >ves sary, spend a few days at Frankfort. Tt is seldom that a monarch makes a request of thie kind; and when it is made, it is generally com- plied with, as the best interests of diplomacy are consulted in studying to gratify the head of the nation where they are placed to act as the repre- sentatives of their own country’s interests. ‘When we heard of the nomination of Mr. Han- negan, as minister at Berlin, we were lost to com- prehend what Mr. P-Ik intended. It certainly could not have been to influence the king of Prus- sia toyield to the power of the Frankfort Assem- bly, as such, an attempt would at once have de- feated itself. If there is a permanent German go- yernment at Frankfort, Prussia will bein it; and if so, why send a minister to her court 1— If there is no German union, why send a minis- ter to Frankfort ? He ; ; As at present situated, it is as inexplicable as it would be to send a minister to South Carolina, be- cause she sets up a nullifying course of gevernment. Besides, Mr. Hannega nor hog other minister, will be of any use or possess any influence in Ger- many for the firet two years. It requires a know- ledge of language, diplomacy, customs, and the people, to serve our country to any advantage, and years can alone give this. “The ministers of other nations are kept permanently at their stations in Germany, and every year adds to their usetulness. Major Donelson was exerting an influence in Germany, both at Berlin and Frankfort, which was respected by the King, at Berlin, and by the Arch- ae John, at Frankfort; and all Americans in Germany hope that General Taylor will allow him to again honor our country, and gratify the King of Prussia by representing, at the same time, one aad the same government and the same people, tui save the various foreign diplomacies the task and annoyance of schooling and educating a young rophomore minister, have more ques- who will tions to ask than they can find time or inclination to onewer. [tis a remark among the diplomatic body in Europe, that they thinkit unfair and unwise to send them new representatives every year or two, as they have constantly to act the part of instructors. n dis: | SUNDAY MORNING, MAY 20, 1849. They wish, when they have educated one of their body asa diplomatist, which sin new mi- nister from the United States requires, they might have the pleasure of enjoying his society, and im- proving by his advice and judgment, for a few years. Buena Vista. Our Berlin Correspondence. Beri, May 1, 1849. State of Germany—A Crisis Approaching—The Question of Unity—Dificulty in Prospect—Ab- dication of the King of Wurtemburg, §c. We are on the verge of a second revolution, and, amidst the deepest political excitement and agita- tion, events of the utmost importance have occur- red within the last few days. The declaration of the Prussian government, refusing to recognise the German constitution, and the resolutien passed by the second chamber to sanction that constitution, have caused a conflict toarise between the govern- ment and the lower house, in consequence of which the King of Prussia has dissolved the lat- ter, and prorogued the first chamber. The whole question of German unity has now assumed an en- tirely new phase. The representatives of the Ger- man people at Frankfort, in this city, at Dresden, Hanover, and the capitals of other German States, have declared that they will adhere to the German constitution, These declarations have been fol- lowed by the dissolution of the parliaments of the principal States of Germany. . The Prussian and Ifanoverian chambers were dissolved at the same time. ‘The official announcement of the dissolu- tion of the Saxon chambers was received here yesterday; and, if I am to believe a statement made tome on the very best anthority, the dissolu- tion of the National Assembly, Jat Frankfort, has already been agreed upon between the Austrian, Prussian, and rian governments. In consequence of these steps on the part of the cabinets of the principal German States, great ex- citement, at the present moment, prevails through- out the country; and as the large majority of the German peoplé are determined to adhere’ to the constitution established by the National Assembly, and the acquiescence of thirty of the governments Of the amaller States as been ovtaltied: serious struggles and conflicts, it is apprehended, must, ere long, take place. F When I expressed to you, in previous letters, the doubts | entertained whether the government here would sanction the acts of the National Assembly, I had ay own reagons for doing so, though at the time the impression existed "that the constitution would be recognised by Prussia. ‘The result has proved that 1 have not been mistaken. The non- acceptance of the imperial dignity by the King of Prussia, and the refusal of the Brandenburg minis- try to recognise the acts of the Frankfort, Assem- bly, have laid openfthe policy of the Prussian cabi- net before the whole of Europe. If the slightest doubts with regard to that policy were still enter- tained, the exposé of the Prassian ministry on the union question, which has just been issued, would doubtless remove them. The despatch containing this exposé 1s addressed to the Prussian ambassador at Frankfort. It states, at full length, the views of the government here with regard to the project of German unity, and the difficulties in the way of its realization. ‘It declares that the Prussian govern- ment would be willing to make all sacrifices neces- sary to overcome these difficulties and co-operate with the other German governments in promotin, unity, but that the National Assembly had decline to enter upon the propositions made by Prussia with regard to certain modifications of the German constitution, and that the government of his Ma- jesty would never recognise that constitution. The rupture, therefore, between the National sails and the Prussian cabinet 1s complete. Indeed, there appears little prospect that anything but the dissolution of the Assembly is possible at the pre- sent moment. Nevertheless, one last attempt to bring about an agreement between the National Assembly and the different German governments is about to be made; and, according to the latest accounts from Frankfort, the central power has re- solved to despatch diplomatic agents to this city and the capitals of Bavaria, Saxony, and Hanover, for the purpose of eutering upon negotiations with the governments. It is doubted, however, whether these agents will really be sent, as matters are becoming more hopeless every hour. I am informed that Mr. Bassermann, who was to, go as agent to the government here, has de- clined to accept this mission under the present circumstances. The greatest excitement and con- sternation 1s stated to prevail at Frankfort. Large bodies of troops were being concentrated around that city. The state of things in the western part of Germany is greatly alarming. In Wurtemberg, Baden, and several provinces of Bavaria, the po- pulation is almost eet in favor of sup- porting the National Assembly. The Prussian provinces on the Rhine are likewise united in the resolution to adhere to the German constitution and abide by the decisions of the Assembly. The King of Wurtemberg has_been compelled by the determined conduct of the Ministry and the Cham- bers, to recognise the acts of the National Assem- bly; and the Princes of the smaller States of Ger- many have all pledged themselves to the same pur- pose. It now remains to be seen whether the cabinets of the larger States will be able, in direct opposition with the will of their people, to cancel the German constitution and dissolve the As- sembly. " Itis stated that the governments of Bavaria, Sax- ony, and Hanover have rereny signified their ap- proval of the course of policy followed by Prussia. A treaty, offensive and defensive, between those States, with Austria and Prussia, has lately been much discussed, as an event which is likely tocome to pass. I learn from an authentic source, that negotiations are at present going on between Aus- ,, Prussia, and Bavaria, for the purpose of ob- taining the assistance of the two latter States against the Hungarians, who have lately gained a decisive victory over the Austrian troops, and have taken possession of the city of Pesth. The rapid rogress of the ]{ungarian forces towards Vienna, as spread great alarm in the Austrian capital.— ‘The important fortress of Comorn, between Pesth and Vienna, has already beem evacuated by the Austrians. The success of the Hungarians, at the present moment, is of great importance for Germany, ‘The fate of Hungary, and the cause of German liberty, are intimately connected with the present state of things. The members of the Second Chamber have almost all left this city, and the greater part of the sition party proceeded to Frankfort directly after the dissolution. It had not been anticipated that the Chamber would be dissolved, in conse- | quence of the resolution passed on the 21st ult., by whieh it had recognised the German constitution. But, though the dissolution was not decreed until several days afterwards, I learn that the govern- ment had resolved to take that step immediately | after the Chamber had Jp that vote. The re- solution adopted by the House on the day previous 40 its dissolution, to the effect of requesting the povernment to raise the state of siege in the capi- tal, had determined the ministry to declare the dis- solution without further delay. In consequence of | this measure, a good deal of excitement has been | visible in the capital for the last four days: crowds | have since been daily gathering before the building | of the Chamber, and, in the attempts made by the | | military to dispégse them, several persons have been killed and Wounded. No serious disturbances, however, as yet have taken place. Ihave just been informed that the government here has addressed a circular to the governments of the different German States, requesting them to send ambaseadors to this city, for the purpose of agreeing upon some determined plan to meet the approaching crisis, and come to some understand- ing on the union question, 15 aioe fe was reported here to-day that intelligence had been received that the King of Wurtemberg was about to abdicate, in consequence of the events which have recently occurred in that kingdom. Alliance of Russia and Austria against Hungary and against Republicanism, (From the Lendon Times, May ye It is now, we believe, beyond all doubt that the {m- Petia! governments of ‘Aurtria and Russia have entered into a close defensive alliance, by virtue of which the cabinet of Vienna has solicited and obtained from that of St. Petersburgh immediate and efficient military support. Anarmy of 150.000 Russians is destined to perform this important service; 100000 men will at once enter the Polish and Hungarian territories of the Austrian empire, and the reraslaing division will act as & reserve, to be employed as circumstances may re- wire. It is with the strongest repugnance and regret that the young Emperor and the majority of the Aus- trian cabinet have found themselves compelled to em- brace this humiliat Far from entertaining and dangerous alternative. 'y desire to adopt, in concert with the forces of the Einperor Nicholas, active mea- it those modern institutions which the spirit of the , the Austrian go- vernment manifestly deplores the hard necessity of these tim hieh render the forces of a des; power the onl; ailable barricr against anare! ind the total subversion of the empire. The full weight of this mirfortune is nowhere more keenly felt than at Vi- enna, But after the late successes of the Hungarian insurregtion, with its numeroys Poligh guxiliaries, it is hard to say what other course remained to the impe- rial cabinet. Its resources have puhepplly been di- vided by the aggression of Charles Albert, the pro- longed resistance of Venice, and the menacing attitude of the French in Italy; whilst those of the Hungarians have been augmented by hosts of the volunteers of anarchy from every part of Europe, and especially by @ corps of from 20,000 to 30.000 Poles, who have trans- planted their cause to the Hungarian frontier. Within certain bounds it is impossible to eontest the justice of the Hungarian cause; and a nation in arms for constitutional independence, which dates from the 12th century, is not to be confounded with a mob of rebels, But unbappily the leaders of the Magyars in this contest have not taken their stand on that ground. They have allowed the barriers of law and property to be overturned—they have allied themselves with the wildest political sects in Europe —they openly abetted the sanguinary outbreak of the German democrats in Vienna, and their own cause is stained with the atrocious assassinations of Lamberg and Latour. Their present object is not so much to vindicate their own freedom and indepen- denee, as to lay the entire Austrian empire prostrate under the ascendancy of the Magyars; and for this purpose the martial aristocracy of that nation has not scrupled to ally itself with all that is most exag- ever in the democratic party of the day. Whether it be at Pesth, Frankfort, or Rome, the principle is the same, namely, the destruction of existing law and government, in order to establish # popular power sprung from a revolutionary origin upon ita ruins, ‘The French ‘government, by its conduct at home, aud its intervention in [taly—the Prussian go- vernment, by its rupture with Frankfort—the Austrian government, by its resistance to Hungary—are endea- voring to maintain the same principle of resistance; and if any proof were wanting of the comparative ad- yancement of Kngland and France in political experi- ence, it is t im these countries, enlightened public opinion its: isavows all connection with the exces- tes of the liberal party in, ilized States.’ But it is most earnestly to be hop at, in the event of order Deing restored by these necessary exertions, the re- spective governments will acknowledge that the pi manent security of their dominions, and of Hurope, only be secured by institutions adapted to the wants ofthe people, ‘Chis principle has been formally yy ae by the Prussiau government, and Count Bran- denburg has announced, in a second note, as powerful and intelligible as the last, his intention of calling on all the governments of Germany to moet at Berlin, for the purpose of arresting the progress of the revolu- tiou, and of agreeing upon a new and efficient federal constitution for Germany. In Hungary the question is still purely military, for when the last advices lett Pest he position of the two armies was such that no conditions could reasonably be offered to the enemy, or accepted by the Imperial go- vernment. Upon taking the supreme command of the Imperial army, the first care of Welden was to with- draw it from’a position of considerable unger, His right wing, under the Ban, continued to operate to the south, so as to prevent Dembins’d or Bem (who was expected to arrive at head-quarters) from crossing the Danube in force below Pesth. His left wing, consisting of 14,000 nen and 24 guns, under General Wohlgemuth, still covera,the Gran, and opposes the progress of the division uffler Georgey, with which it fought the other day a severe action of 17 hours. But the main body of the Imperial army has retired to Babolua, a place lying about 10 miles south of the Danube, between Raab and. Komorn, in an undulating country. Here the comman- der-in-chief is secure from attack, unless the enemy should find means to cross the Danube, and if Dembinski does cross the Danube, he will in his turn, be placed in a critical situation. For at the very time when matters were in this position, Kossuth would receive positive intelligence of the advance of the Rus- sian army on the North and East; whilst Welden ex. ected to have received reinforcements and recruited isarmy sufficiently to resume offensive operations on the 1st of May. Unless, therefore, the Hungarian corps under Georgey has been able to annihilate the Imperial division on the Gran and the Wang in the interval, there is some reason to anticipate that the Hungarians will not be able toadvance further thau they bad done on the 26th April. It is scarcely possible to overrate the importance of these events, although it is extremely difficult to follow a glance to their more remote political conse- quences. But whilst we deeply regret the violence which has converted a just national cause in some in- stances into a desperate revolution, and threatens to render more than one government dependent on the support it may receive from foreign military power— whilst we deplore these evils as contrary to the princi- ples of true freedom and independence, yet it ix a source of satisfaction, and of hope for the peace of Europe, that between the governments of various nations, from that of the French Republic to that of the Russian Auto- crat, there is no essential difference of policy. All ure equally anxious to avoid war; all are equally desirous to put down anareby; and there never was a time when the statesmen and armies of Europe were less disposed to turn against each other. The cause of these wars and contests which aftilict the world is everywhere the same—not, as of old, the crimes or the ambitions of sovereigns, but the ignorance and the passions of the people, instigated by those revolutionary emissaries who make political arson their profession. That is tho party which originally kindled the war in Denmar! which impelled Charles Albert to break the armistice— which attacked Genoa and has seized Leghorn—and whieh has filled so many cities in the past year with blood and mourning. Nating war, hating confusio: hating the tyranny of these popular impostures, we b: lieve that the restoration of the public tranquillity de- ends on the defeat of these rash assailants. They ve against them not only all the governments, but the enlightened middie classes, and every’ real practical interest in Europe; and we trust in the ulti- mate suecess of the good cauee in which every part of the continent which has been attacked by these dis- orders is equally concerned. Our French Correspondence, Pants, May 3, 1849, The Bourse and Money Market. The contest of the bulls with the market for cash was carried on until the settlement, and is still con- tinued, with what success you will be enabled to judge by the list of prices which I subjoin, Yestetday, some little advantage was obtained by them, arising from the less quantity of stock in the cash market, and some favorable news from Italy, which leads speculators to conjecture that the affairs of that country will be sa- tisfactorily arranged without bringing about any gene- ralwar, ‘The history of the Bourse for the last week is neither more nor less than that of the efforts of the two opposing classes of speculators, the bulls and the bears, to bring about a state of affairs, at the last and next settlements, favorable to their respective ope- rations, Some apprehension was entertained at the Bourse of rentes for the colo- n injurious influence ; nd. five per cents have in turn, affected, as it was announced that the nity would be given in cither theone or the other could not De delivered until 1862, the market became reassured, and no more was thought of it. The Bank of France shares have, with difficulty, kept themselves at about the rame quotation, not from any apprehension or dis- trust, but from the continuance of the commercial discounts rather to diminish than increase; for, al- though commerce is, without doubt, reviving, yet, at present, most transactions are for cash, and hence the tate of the portfolio of the Bank of France. The railways have excited little attention, but it is probable that if funds should attain, as very influential efforts are now making that they should, the quotation of 90, that a large amount of capital would, find ity way into rai. way shares, which are still at depressed prices, arising out of the unfavorable state of affairs in 1848, This week, many commercial and other securities have come into notice, which have been altogether ne- glected since the revolution. The shares of the zine anufactory of La Veille Montague, the blast furnaces of Mouceau, and the forges of Aveyron, have been much in favor, and have risen rapidly, on account ot the resumption of work at these various establishments. ‘The coal mine shares of Charotte have risen from 220 to 250, and are not to be obtained even at that price. The canal of Burgundy, which has hitherto been sell- ing at 27.50, now is in demand at 40, and shares can- not be obtained under 50 or 56 The new loan of the city of Paris, which was taken by MM. Becket-Dethomas, at 1,105.40 for cash bond of 1,000 francs, has not obtained any higher quotation, although, as the old city bonds are at 1,190, no doubt ix entertained that a rive in the former will soon take inde stock; but when it was known that thie et e following are the prices for the week :— 3 S perch 5p.c. Loan. Bk. Shs, 2100 200 25 200 300 Manchester Monthly Trade Reports, Maw en, May 4, 1849, Most of the disturbing causes noticed in our last trade report continue to interfere seriously with busi- bee rticularly to the north of Europe; and another month has elapsed apparently without bringing us nearer to a final settlement of existing political ‘iim culties The hope we expressed on the Ist of May last year, in to the Danish-Germax question, remains a desideratum to-day, and it may well be asked 0" g is trade in general (for it is not merely affect- ing that of this district) to be allowed to suffer from the non-settlement of this dispute, The letters received this merning give a gloomy account of this state of political matters on tho continent. ‘This country suffers quite as much by the continen- tal wars and commotions, as the States in which they occur, The blockadesare more strictly enforced against English vessels than against those of any other coun. try, and all business operations with the north of Eu- rope remain in abeyance, as the expensive routes through southern Germany cannot be adopted ex- cept in extraordinary and urgent cases. If any proof were wanting to show the paramount importance of our continental trade, it is to be found in the effect which the stoppage of our exports to the north of Eu- rope has exercised in this and other mauufacturing districts, as well asin the colonial markets of London and Liverpool. Notwithetandin the satisfactory settlement of the war in India, and a continued active demand of our manufactures for that ema notwithstanding ex- tensive operations for (hina, snd an active trade with the United States of Awerics, our market om the whole has been paralyzed, joes are , confidence Delng generally shaken page ae crema Seattion affairs. It is quite‘true that our trade with the north of Europe congists mainly in , upon which article very little it isat any dine left for wages in the country, but tary heigl nevertheless, employment to many thousand ids. The quantity annually ex- jorted to that quarter, Russia included, exceeds 60 weight, and consists generally of good 80 large a trade er to those immediately engaged in it, whilst its influence upon other branches of commerce is not less important. Buyers know full well that the stocks of yarns thus accumulatihg in our market must in many instances be forced off at whatever they may fetch, or be employed im the production of goods for the home-trade, thus exercising an equally unfavorable influence upon the general market. Ifa large consumption of cotton and a comparative increase in the export of goods were unfailing symp- toms ofa satisfactory state of trade, the manufacturers, and particularly our spinners, would have little cause to complain just now; but we know that many a pound weight of twist and goods is now exported, which leaves no profit whatever to the manufacturer, but, on millions of lbs. the contrary, a loss; which latter, however, is not greater at present than would be incurred ‘by short time workimg; such ax we have had in 1846 and 1847, with bigh peiecd cotton. ‘The disadvantage of this mode tion has been severely felt by our manu- facturers, Co have calculated the exact loss in per centage which the short-time working entails upon a given production. We are thus, to the cost of some of our millowmers and capitalists, consuming a larger quantity cf cotton weekly than in any previous ycar, namely, from $2,000 to 33.000 bags pec week, Scotland included. ‘im times like these the work people would * badly off had they to share the result of their labor according € the plan which philanthropic political eco- nomists have recently proposed and commented upon. ‘the spinners of the better descriptions of water twist and mule yarn, suitable for the continent, are Dadly off, while the manufacturers of the lighter fabries of goods fot India are comparatively doing well. ‘The manufacturers who h opt clear of atocks of cotton, have now the advantage; the decline of the price of the middling qualities of cotton being rather considerabie, from the highest point cf this yeur, sy about 444. por Ib. ‘The irregularity of quotations which exists in our market, at present, is partially accounted for by the more or less favorable position of our manufacturers, as regards the price at which they have laid in the raw material. Notwithstanding the large consumption of cotton stated above, the stocks of manufactured goods, with few exceptions, have not accumulated to any extent; we find, on the contrary, that old stocks of 40-ineh shirtings have been renioved, by consignments or pur- chases, for China, and larger quaatities haye thus been dirposed of than recent accounts from that market seem to warrant, 40-inch whirtings have also been purchased for printing and dyeing for the home trade; 80 and 64 reeds have uctually been scarce for immodi- ate delivery, while many manufacturers seem anxious to enter into contracts for later delivery, as they are aware that the present demand is partly. ‘owing to the shipping season for China being more favorable now than later on. In comparing the exports, at the present time with the sate period of 1848, it must be borne in mind that the French revolution paralyzed trade then, and that the same rate of our exports does not exactly show a fayerable state. Our shipments to India have, of late, consisted chiefly of thin and cheap fabrics; the num- ber of pieces is, therefore, not so good a criterion to go by as the value of the exports in the respect- ve : ‘The accounts we have recently received about the Leipsie fair are satisfactory, and there is no doubt that & good demand for English twist and gooda would have reached Us, particularly as the stocks of the formor are tmnall, if the existing hostilities did not prevent ship- ments, People abroad begin to be tired of political commotions, which interfere with trade and comfort, and they are desirous of seeing quiet restored at almost any cost. Maxcnester Manxet.—Yarns—The'transactions have been limited; some rather large purchases for India and China excepted, very little demand has been expe- rienced. Under these circumstances prices gave way slightly; 40°s mule, B quality, sold as low as 7%d. per 1b., and 20's water, suitable forChina, at 61¢d. to 64d. perlb. At a trifle more much better, and, in our opinion, cheaper yarn might be bought at present, in the absence of the demand for the continent. Manufac- tured Goods—A much larger quantity of cloth changed hands during the past’ month than might have been expected, with an almost unaccountable inacti- vity in the home trade, and other unfavorable circum- stances, The low prices brought foreign buyers for- ward, and,as the purchases for India aad China conti. nued large, the wider deseriptione of cloth, such as 40 and 45 inch, have been comparatively searce, while 9-8 printers and shirtings were more abundant, thus re- versing the state of things which existed in’ the pre- vious month. Prices were eomewhat irregular through- out the month, and we have endeavored to explain, in some measure, the cause in what we have stated above. 89-inch 62 reed shirtings are selling at 5x. 6d. to 5s. Od. “64 do do 7s. Gd. to 7s, 734. and other qualities in proportion. The prices of dapolams haye been rather irregular; in some di tions the prices varying as much us 30. per piece of 4 yards; they are nowrather firmer, some large purcha- sex haying been made recently. ‘The manufacturers of 9-8 printers show more anxicty to sell; but the prices arked are with difficulty obtained, the demand for printing being’ only on a very limited scale. The stouter qualities of Domestics, haynig been very much neglected both by the home and other buyers, are the most depressed articles in the market, and may be bought in most instances at the lowest rate of last ear, 7*Fonuanie Manxers.—The activity in our has not increased since our last report. Business tinues dull, and prices for wools and yarns are dro owing to the blockade of the Elbe, and other pol causes, which atill disturb the tranquility of the conti- nent, so necessary to the well-being of our commersial community, Wool, of certain descriptions, and worsted yarns have receded about 10 per cent from the highest point they had attained, whilst standard qualities of Orleans, lastings, and other manufactured articles maintain their position as firmly as ever, and cannot be bought yet at reduced rates. Stocks continue low, and most of our principal makers are fully employed in executing bona fide orders, and will be for rome time to come. We qualify this statement by adding, that the manutacturers who were most eager and foremost in the highest ad possible, have lowered their extravagant demands, and become more ad- oncrip- tractable under present circumstances, but, inasmuch as these form the exception, we may safely affirm that no positive decline on goods has yet taken place. If, how- ever, the disturbing causes remain much longer in ac- tion, they cannot but influence injuriously the state of our market, and render # decided reaction unavoida- ble Up to the preset moment, all hope is not extin- guished of seeing an early and peaceable settlement tuke place between the contesting parties, and if this prorpcet be realized, it will infuse new life and activity Inatl engaged in trade, and give « very considerable impulse to our markets. Our Leeds market for Wooll- ens remains much in the aie state as last month, and no change worth recording has taken place, Foreiga Wools remain inactive, and area shade lowe! May 1, De Fay & Co, California and Oregon Malls, VIA HAVANA, CHAGRES, AND PANAMA The United States steam packet Faleon will be despatched from the port of New York on Saturday, the 26th May instant. T public is hereby notified that mails may be sent to New York, Charleston, South Carolina, Savannah, Georgia, and New Orleans, Loui- siana, to be conveyed by said steam packet, which will rail from New York on the 26th; from Charleston, South Carolina, on the 20th, (morning) ; from Savannah. Georgia, on the 29th of May, (evening); from Havau on the 2a of June next; and from New Orleans thy steam packet Isthinus will be despatched with the mails on the 29th of May ins! . in time to connect with the Falcon at Havan: 2d of June next, Mail bags should be mad York and at the er points named, fe ama, San Diego, and Astoria. santa Barbara, Mooterey, The entire postage for a single letter not exeveding butt an ounce in weight will be 1244 cents to Havana, 20 cents to Chagres, 30 cents to Panama, to be prepaid in all cases; and 40 cents to San Diego, Santa Barbara Monterey, San Francisco, or Astoria, to be prepaid or rent unpaid. at the option of the sender, Newspapers and pamphlets, sea postage three cents eaeb, and inland postage to be added, J, COLLAMER, Poatmaster General. Post Office Department, May 16, 1849. California New: [From the Newark Advertiser, May 18.) ‘ letter was received this morning, daied Guadale- Jara, April 17th, from a gentleman formerly of this city, ‘and now on bis way to California, At Gundalajara hie met a Mr Parrot, the American Consul at Mazatlan, who was then on bis way from San Fran Wash: ington city, having left San Francise 20th of March. Hie had a quantity of gold with him, one lump of which weighed twenty-two ounces. aul soveral other lumps of less weight. His acoount of the inexhaustible quantity of gold, and the ease with which it was ob- tained, far exceeded any of the acconnts given of it heretofore. Provisions were plonty at San Francisco, and moderately cheap. [From the Boston Traveller, May 18. A private letter received in this city from San Fran- cisco, dated March 17, reports twenty-eight vesroly in port, among which was the bark Tusso, from Valparai- so, At the date of the letter, a general emigration to the mines had commenced. A letter received in this city from Valparaiso, dated 24th of March, rays :—It is estimated that, since the firet news of the gold reached Chili, between three and four thousand perséns have gone; over five hundred from Taleahuana, and over two thousand five hundred from here--several parties uniting thelr capital, and taking laborers widh them. Movements for Callforaia, FROM NEW YORK. The ship Angelique, Capt. Windsor, sailed yes- terday moming for San Francisco. The steamer ‘Telegraph towed her out of the harbor. The fol- lowing is the list of passengers Wm. Hilt, Richard LR. Dilmars, John Sheppard, Wm. ©, Wyatt, Charles L. Caryon, Thomas Russell, Benjamin Marshall, J. W. Kitehem, John O’Ferrell, Hi, H. Barclay, Samuel Huston, Jacob Whitnoy, Jose) H. Rogers. J. Hitehoock, Cornelius Ackerman, Mias Sampron, Mra, Barker, Mra, Griewold, Mra. F two cbildren aad servant, Total, 22. Gathelic Celebration. The Catholic Pilgrim Fathers of Maryland—E.rpe- dition from Georgetown ‘and Washington, and Srom Baltimore, to Celebrate the Landing of the Ca- tholics under Lord Baltimore at St. Mary’s—Re- Port of the Proceedings. Pinsy Point Pavition, Potomac River, May 15, 1849. i King Charles the First granted the province of Maryland to Lord Baltimore, for colonization, in consideration ef the loss of his grant ot Newfound- land, which had been seized by the French. Lord Baltimore died in 1682; his son Cecilius succeeded to his titles, and he, in 1684, mustered an expedi- tion of some 200 men, nearly all Catholics, and, embarking in the ships, the Dove and the Ark, landed the same year, in the spring (date unknown) at St. Mary’s, and established a settlement, under the civil jurisdiction of Lord Baltimore, and under the spiritual direction of the Jesuit fathers, of whom Father White was the chief. And through all the difficuities and_ trials of 200 years, the Ca- tholies have found a shelter and maintained a foot- ing as this ancient commonweatth. ‘The Philedemie Society of Georgetown College (ot the Society of Jesus) have been in the habit of now and then celebrating, with the Catholics of Maryland, the settlement of the Pilgrims at St. Mary’s. it was for this purpose that the Society of the College chartered the fine steamer E more, and, with an accession of a hundred citizens of Georgetown and Washington, came down yes- terday, and celebrated to-day the landing of th Catholic colony, among the relics and the ruins re- maining upon the ground where first t'ey planted the standards of the cross and St. George. . THE TRIP DOWN THE RIVER. The trip from Washington—one hundred and twenty miles down the broad Potomac—was rather monotonous. After passing Mount Vernon, the banks et the river are cheerless, without a single village for a hundred miles, and with a dull flat noua ty Seng the Maryland shore, and bleak hills on the Virginia side, seattered upon which are the old mansions and the exhausted plantations of that fine old, cavalier aristocracy that has passed away. ‘We arrived near St. Mary's at midnight, and re- mained on board till the morning, the boat being anchored in the middle of the river. ie ST. INIGORS. The St. Mary’s river is an armor estuary of the Potomac, near its junction with Chesapeake bay. St. Inigoes and St. Mary’s are located several miles up this creek or cove, on opposite sides ; the water varying from half a mile to three miles wide, like a succession of small lakes in a chain. We first landed at St. Inigoes. Here 1s the ancient dwelling house of Lord Baltimore, near two hun- dred years old, built of imported bricks, and with some considerable pretensions to elegance of the antique kind, with its steep roofs and gables. A rich farm of four thousand acres 1s attached to the jaauel residence, which is held in pos- session by Father Curbury, of the Jesuits, a very highly esteemed citizen of all parties in the neighi- borhood. An old windmill stands at the ex- tremity of the cape; three old rusty eighteen pounders lie at the rear of the mansion, deeply corroded from having lain one hundred years in the salt water, into which they fell, as the waves undermined the old fort built for the protection of the colony. The site of the old fort is mostly washed away. Everything about the premises, even to the negroes in their cabins, wears the ap- pearance of old times. ._ THE STEAMER PLANTER, From Baltimore, was discovered at daylight along- side our steamer. The Planter brought down a company of some two hundred persons, including a goodly number of ladies. Among her passengers were Bishop Valdevelde, of Chicago, and Coad- jutor Bishop Spalding, of Louisville, Ky., and a dozen clergymen. Among the passengers on the Baltimore were the Rev. Constantine Pise ; Father Ryder, President of the Georgetown Col- lege; George Washington Parke Curtis, Esq., and Z. C. Lee, orator of the day, The, weather was inauspicious, so that, with ‘one solitary well de- serving exception, we had no ladies ba boute; and were thus cut off from the expected pastime of dancing away the time in pasing down the river and back again. The company on each steamer were provided with a good brass band and several prlendid banners appropriate to the occusion. THE CELEBRATION AT 8T. INIGOES. The company trom each steamer were landed at St. Inigoes, by means of boats pulled by stout negroes. ‘The wind was high, the water was rough, yet no accident occurred. At half-past nine, the procession was formed near the old Bale timore mansion, in the following order, for the march to St. Inigoes church, one mile through the fields—H. G. S. Key, Esq., the Marshal of the | day :— Programme, or Order of Proc n, for the Celebration on the 15th May, instant. Marshal in Chief ana sds, to he arrangedas circum- stances and place raat reanice. citric of the Philharmonic Band of Goorgetown College. Bishops. ‘The Rev. Clergy, Priests, Deacons, and other Mix nisters. ‘Trustees of St. Mary’s Female Seminary. Members of Congress, State Legislators, and citizens of sister States. Orator of the Day and Chaplain, accompanted by the President of Georgetowa College. Philodemie Society—Ist, honorary members; 2d, rosi- | dent members; 3d, non-resident mombers, Philonomosian Society—Ist, henorary members; 94, resident members; 3d, non-resident members, Music. Young Catholics’ Friend Society, followed by other Societies, as they may report. Citizens of the District of Columbia. Citizens of Baltimore, Citizens of Charles, Prince George's, and other counties, as they may report. Citizens of St. Mary’s county. _ Arrived at the little antique church, the proces sion, near five hundred strong, passed around it to the music of the bands, and then entered if, an were seated. The prelates and prieats eluctered around the altar; the Philodemic band joined the choir in the gallery; and the negroes of the neigh- borhood clustered in, filling up the ce near the éoor. At ten o’clock, the service of the mass com- menced, and was concluded by elevea'o’elock. . . _ THE SERMON, Bishop Spalding, of Louisville, then read the fol- lowing extract from the Scriptures, as the basis the observations he should submit to the au- dience :— “ Now the Lord is a spirit, and where the as ofthe Lord is, there is liberty.”’—-2 Cor, oh. 8. ¥, Ty. ‘There was no word in any language which ached more directly the human heart than this word iiberty; and there was no word in any language of men«ind more frequently misapplied, or oftener employed in its abuse, The cardinal maxim of ixspiration was the only ure guide, The Lord is a spirit, and] where the spirit of the Lord fe, there is liberty. The Lord is @ spirit, & substance too remote and far, too high for human comprehension; yet the spirit of the Lord may dwell in the hearts of men, and where the spirit of the Lord thus exists, there x liberty. ‘The principle of liberty, in its divine purity, in its true character, cannot dwoll amid pollution and iniquity; the spirit of the Lord cau only take up its abode in a pure heart; and where that spirit exists, there is liberty—the liberty of St, Paul, full of charity, and of the goodngss of obedient children to a father. It is oppored to all alliances with sin. * says the Lord, “and the truth will set you fre « learned Bishop explained this Christian liberty, a the only basis of man’s happl- ness—as the cnly foundation of gc and espe- cially as t fast roli- ance of ® ihustrate with the 1 1 out liberty, as deseribed by thy the [Lord. which subdu whieh ele- them the forbearance, nee to God and uty of mutur which teac love f ; instit bt ercise of the judgment and wishes of the people, eannot be secure, Ie then descanted upon this spirit #f Uber- ty, a8 possessed by the pilgrim fathers of Maryland, and upon the moral beauty of their example. in open: ing their colony, and the protection of their laws, to allmen of all creeds, in ameliorating the condition of the Indians, instead of exterminating tkem in the name of God, as was done in other setti@gents of the Bri- tish North American colonies. He Wiso spoke of the beautiful appropriatencss of the names of. the two ves- rels of the Maryland pilgrims—the Ark and the Dove the one containing the treasures of religion, and the other being the emblem of innocence aud powee. In conclusion, Bishop Spalding expressed his gratitude enthusiasm, and delight, in the opportunity of uuiting on this cecasion with his brethren in coer the Biteoe fathers of Maryland, the Stato from whieh he imself was descended, “ae The sermon was a modest yet forcible illustra- tion of the clearness, succinetness, and compre- hengiveness, with which on educated mind of a high order can develope the deep and mysterious meaning of the revealed word, in the simplicity of ' truth. THE PRAYER AND THE ORATION. In the grove which surrounds the lite. church of St. Inigoes, and to the right of the building as you front the main entrance, a platform had been erected, frem which the oration was to be delivered, to the people. During the sermon, the citizens of the neighboshood bad flocked in by hundreds to TWO CENTS. the grove, and were awaiting outside the conclu- sion of the sermon in_ the church. Teetgnely services being ended, the orator of the day, the prelates, the clergy, and invited guests were ushered on to the platfo: and the congregation joining the people of the neighborhood, made -u large and imposing auditory, including a ve: st tering representation of the fair sex of St. Mary’s county. A ie detachment of darkies formed the rear guard of the assemblage; and they gazed with evident delight on the rich cos tumes of the bishops and the uniforms of the United States officers from Fort Washington, and the blue sashes of the marshals, and the deeora- tions of the Philodemic Society, and on the splendid banners, and the formidable exhibition of | trumpets, drums and cymbals, and as if wonder- | ing how those old settlers who had died some twe hundred years ago could from their. graves call together so many people, at this busy time of day. _ The bands, having played the national air of Hail Columbia, gave way, and the Rev. Constantine Pise rising upon the stand, the whole congregation that were seated joined those upon their feet. ‘The Rey. Mr. Pise then delivered « solemn and fe it prayer, prepared for the interesting oceasion; and, in the course of his petition to the Holy Trinity, he implored the intervention of the Most High to the protection and restoration of the visible head of the church. and that he might be permitted and directed in his important guardianship of his people, long to strengthen and extend the glory of the chureh, and | the cross of Christ, And he implored the divine illa- mination and guidance on behalf of the President of the United States—that his wivdom in the cabinet might equal his triumphs in the field; for the army nd navy of the United States; for the ‘souls of the de parted. and thaie repose ; and for the extension of the victories of the cross to the ends of the earth, When he had concluded, Z, Cousins Lee, Esq, of Baltimore, stepped forward on the rostrum, and taking a glass of water from the table, drank it, and then unrolled his oration and pro- cveded to read it to the auditory, Afver apeaking of the emotions of pleasure which were excited by his participation in the ceremonials of the day, he re- marked upon the vast space which his subject sug- gested, embracing, as it did, the glory, the sufferings and the triumphs of the past, the happiness of the present, and our prospects for the fature. More than. two hundred years ago, these watera wore startlud by the strange invasion, to the aborigines, of the Catholic futhers, in their two vessels. thy Dove aud the Ark. And it was upon these shores that they first planted the cross of Christ and the banner of England, Here wus their firet altar erected —here the first breathings of the colony were felt. ‘That altar was erected by our ancestors and benefactors, and the benefactors of mankind. ‘Their victory was a victory for-peace and cburity to all men. ‘foo often are the laurel and the willow wreathed together. In other lands, the sack of cities, the burning of villages, and the slaughter of in- nocent people had too often marked the path of the conqueror. But this was a different «cene, more me- morableand more glorious ; aud we have come to cele- brate it us a victory of peace aud the cross, It was grateful as the soft sunshine and the balmy shower, after the thunders and the heats of summer, “Mr Lee, as the substance of his address, detailed the history of the settlement at St. Mary's, the © tian efforts of Lord Baltimore to make the colony an example of toleration and liberality, the difficultics with which he and his successors had to contend in England and in the colony, and the fortitude which they had exhibited through all their trials and vicissitudes, as well as the moderation which the Catholie atthon- ties of the colony had exhibited, notwithstanding that in New England, and even in Virginia, ay well as Inthe old world, persecutions and exclusions were the spirit of the age. From 1634 to 1700, Catholic Maryland had stood erect amid oppressions, darkness, and intolerance; for while others of the colonies had persecuted and ex- pelled different religious sects, Maryland, ufder its Catholic authorities, was open to all. ‘The subject was inviting, and Mr. Lee lingered [poe | its attractions, now descanting upon the times and minded race of men of the age of Elizabeth, from which the Ameri- can colonies derive their indomitable character ; now upon the horrors and absurdities of the Freneh revola- tion and the Reign of Terror, as contrasted with the revolution of England's colonies in North America ; now upon the dispensations of the Catholic Chureh; and then in complaint of the expulsion of the Popo by the people of Rome. Long though it was, the diseourse was rich and interesting throughout, and particularly 80 to the Philodemic Society, the mombers of which he very appropriately, at the close, complimented for their partiality, and exhorted to good endeavors. Music—" Home, sweet home.” During the address, Mr. George Sweeney, an elderly gentleman, and highly ne among his fellow citizens of Washington, fell down in the crowd, as by an attack of apoplexy. He was im- mediately bled by a physician, and carried into the sacristy of the church. Subsequently, he was to the house of the fathers, at St. Inigoes, and there left, with some hopes of his recovery. “e THE COLLATION. 5 ‘The citizens of the neighbornood having epread out, in the grove in the rear of the church, a cold collation of bread, ham, mutton, butter, cheese, oysters, &c., with a gluss of something to wash it down, the companies from both steamers joined their friends in the repast, much to the baying tion of all concerned. And we are proud to say, | that nothing could have been better timed, for, fem the lengthened proceedings of the morning, even the girls were hungry. MISCELLANEOTS TRANSACTIONS. . The procession returned to the landing, and while the passengers were emburking on th > | that lay out in the river, the chotewa of the Lord Py brethren & vit he steamers, eunce morning) mo: Home Ste original ete of St. Mary’s, the hee of th pilgrims. Some difficulty hh c¢ Epugevpal authoriues, now in possession » chuseh in the premises contiguous, prevent- day being celebrated at that place. The pag leaded, and having explored the scarce visi- ius of the old government house, the Gover- or’s family vault, and other remains of the little cay once on that hill; and having examined the iW | great old mulberry tree, standing between decay tnd ruin—the old tree fromm which the pilgrims | gathered the fruit for their, mulberry pies, two i undred years ago—the multitude,near a thousand stréng, including the darkies, weut up to the newly erected fermale seminary, and from the piazza specches were made by the: | evaMr. Ryder, Mr. Cnetis, Rev. Mr. Pise, Dr. Ailey, ad others. To | the music of the bands, the pasyepjers and crews then panlieay uy the steam . ye es | pany had sung the song ot xe" ether, } aley parted with nine fines Vite, \y fost bound ' for Baltimore, the other for Washington, Arrived at this popular salt water resort, our boat hes up | for several hours, which we have seized to bring | up the record of. she day, in a comfortable room, which Messrs. Kirkwood and Keller have al- ' ways in readiness for their visiters. May 16.—Arrived in Washington at 11 o’clock to-day, after dismissing the Philodemic Society at Georgetown. Though the weather was cool and windy, the sky was clear, and the trip, and the company, and the celebration delightful to all, with the single exception of Mr. Sweeney, whose re- covery we hope to hear himeelf report in afew days. Not the least interesting part of the trip, was the be Ray te for eae eee at Fort Wash- ington, nearly opposite Mount Vernon, on our re- turn to-day. ‘The fort looks a very Gibraltar, and the scenery around it is rich, grassy, hilly, wooded, and picturesque. Ww. Cemmon Pleas, Before Judge Ulshoeffer. Mav 19.—James Lappine ve. Michael Comway.—This was an action to recover damages for an assault aod Jocanits The defendant keeps # tailoring establish- ment, in which the plaintiff was employed as a foreman. It appeared that, on the 7th of November last, a dif- culty arose between them, and the plaintiff complains cane the bong ——e om Voge ora err im from the store, e defence # » poet was the a sor, and provoked the assault. Verdict for plaintiff, xix cents damages. William Burnes et al ve. Catharine ey pat an action of replevin, to try the right to housebold fur- niture taken plaintiff’, under # writ of replevin. The plaintiffs, who are upholsterers, hired to the de- fendant the furniture in question, at a certain weekly rate, which was paid until defendant left the seselctyon isaued welt of replovin (ant tire. The jury found a verdict for plaintiff for serrate damages, and valued the property at $450, Hiram Peck yc —In this cause, the jury tendered a verdict for plaintitl for $1,000. ‘The Veidicton the former trial was only $260 Supreme Court. Present Justices Jones, Edmond’, and Edwards, Jay 10.—On the opening of the ora the manent der was entered on the minutes :—In the matter of the examination of persons applying for admission to prac- tise as attorneys and counsellors, &., in the courts of this Stat ‘The followingnamed persons, vis : Ghas, L. Lenedict, Frederick L, Carnes, Wm, L, Carter, Daniel H. Dustin, Edward D. Ewen, Jobn H, Glover, Asabel 8. Levy, Amara Mason, Charles ©, Moore, Frederick Ne- reum, John Rankin, jr., Thomas B, Rider, Charles H. Sandford, Daniel F. Tompkins, and Abraham V. W. Vanveehten, having been duly examined, and found to possess the qualitications required by the constitution for admission to practise as attorneys, solicitors, and counsellors in the courts of this State, It is ordered that they and cach of them be, and they are hereby, admitted to practise as attorneys, solicitors, and coun~ sellors of the several courts of the State of New York, | George L, Taylor having previously withdrawn his