The New York Herald Newspaper, May 11, 1849, Page 3

‘The Whig Member of Congress from Vir- fa. The following, coming from the only whig elec- ted to Congress from Virginia, at the recent elec- ton, will be read with interest:— ‘70 THE VOTERS r yIRGINIA. Tannounced myself as a candidate for your suf- es at the ensuing election. A severe bodily tion has since overtaken me, which con- fined me chiefly to my bed, and prevented thus far that active canvass of the district which I intend- ed. The utmost I can now hope for 1s to be able, under much suffering, to attend a few of the courts and other public puherings in the district, I there- fore deem it proper to excuse myself to you for not doing that I so much desired—to mingle freely and generally among you. In the canvass four years ago, by speeches and lications, my political opinions were made e Tam, as I was then, and always have own. been, a whig. From 725 to “44, Henry Clay was my choice it-President, over all the illustrious men of the nation. I voted for him twice. When defeated in 1844, I gave credit to the announce- ment then made, that his name would never again be presented to the public in connection with the sidential office, unless in some crisis the nation should call the great pilot to the helm of State. I therefore did not look to the probability of his ever in being sinc the number of presidential can- aidates. Vhen 1] e Mexicar war developed to the admiration of the nation the talents and vir- tues of the. man who headed our little army, and achieved victories which astounded the world, my enthusiasm was kindled in hisbehalf. In Zac ary Taylor appeared a character more in unison wit the “Father of his Country,” than any other who had appeared among us. His bravery, skill, endurance, moderation, firmness, humanity, were those of Washington. | His, wisdom was attested an every position in which his country placed him. Zachary Tuylor was a whig. Ilis virtues and character challenged the confidence of the nation. Among the first in Virginia, I held him up as the standard bearer of the great whig party. e gra- titude of the nation was flowing in a broad and deep current in his favor, which gave me confi- dence in his elevation to the first office in the world. At this time, unexpectedly to many of the old friends of Mr. Clay, who had the profoundest gratitude and admiration for his illuetrious ser- vices, had st by him “in sunshine and in storm,” had voted twice for him. in vain, his name was brought forward in competition with General Taylor’s. In the success of the former I was more than doubiful; in that of the latter confident. With these opinions, I was decidedly in favor of General Taylor as the whig candidate. In relation to what is called the Clayton compro- mice bill, I think it ought to have passed. It was an entire abstinence of legislation on the part of Congress touching the subject of slavery in the territories of the Cinited States. It was carrying out the rinciple which the South contends fer, “Jet us alone.” ‘The question would have been decided vee Supreme Court. The North and South difter. Neither would have been yielding. The decision either way would have detracted nothing from the dignity of the one or the other. The constitution —*"the supreme law of the land”—would have cast its broad shield over the territories, and swept away any Mexican law in conflict with it—have rotected the property of Southern as well as forthern men. By its passage, the domestic peace of the nation would have been restored—by its de- feat, we have been kept in fearful and dangerous tion. . S is relation to the Wilmot proviso, I am opposed to it on every ground. I regard it as unconstitu- tional, unjust, oppressive, insulting to the South. ‘Wherever Virginia ma place herself, I expect to stand not among her able: st, but her truest sons. Jerewian Morton. Tur ArrempT To Carry orr Two Staves!— Considerable excitement was produced in our com- munity at an early hour yesterday, by the discovery of a daring attempt to run off two valuable slaves, hired in this city. One of them, named Alfred, has been hired for some years by Major Tallman, of the Washington Hotel, and opus to the estate ot Archibald Govan, deceased, of Hanover; and the other, Sawney, has also been a fine hotel waiter with Mr. J. M. Sublet, and is the property of Mrs. Caroline M. Christian, of New Kent county. The man who arranged for, and who was woah Ho effect, their escape, is generally believed to be Sa- muel A. Smith, a personage who moved to this city some years since, figured extensively in the shoe business, under the sign of the ‘Red Boot,” and hasseveral times been arrcsted upon seriouscharges, but has some way or other managed to escape from the strong arm of the law. The facts of the case, as we have been able to glean them, appear to bé these. About half-past seven yesterday morning, a dray was driven up to Adams & Co.’s Express office, having upon it two large boxes, about the size of those commonly used in the dry goods business, and known as No. 2. They were directed to WW. P. Williamson, No. 82 Buttonwood street, Philadelphia.” The express clerk having some suspicion about the boxes, communicated with Mr. Barroll, the Ex- 8 agent of this city, who, having previously fad some intimation from his sarryenendene Ma Sandford, of Philadelphia, that an attempt mi made to run off some of our slaves in boxes, through the medium of the Iixpress, directed the drivertoletthemremainon the dray, and driye them immediately to the depot; at the same time directing his assistant to take up a hatchet in his wagon, for the purpose of opening the boxes at the depot, and oonfirenk or removing his suspicions. A short time after the fey had left, Smith went into the Express office, and inquired whether a bag of meal, which he had left to be forwarded, had gone or net? his true purpoee, doubtless, being to see whether the boxes had duly gone. Upon reaching the depot, Mr. Barroll opened ane of the boxes, and discovering a negro therein he immediately nailed the top down again, and communicated the discovery to one of the officers of the train, Smith having at one time been seen near, and having afterwards disappeared. He afterwards got on the train some distance higher up the street. The negroes, still in the boxes, were driven down to the mayor's office, remove: from their hot nests, and placed in custody. Each of them had in the box a small bundle of clothes, a pair of boets, a fancy fun, and a bladder filled with water to drink, tied around the neck with a shoe- maker’s end, showing very conclusively that Smith had made all the preparations. It was lucky that the negroes were discevered, on the score of hu- manity, as they must, certainly have, died before ~ reaching even Becderickabut . Their boxes were very close, having only smal] vent holes at either end ; and superadded to this would have been the intense closeness of the Express freight car, in which they hel have been placed with many ‘kages on them. AS pt as it was found that Smith had escaped, telegraphic messages were immediately sent to Fredericksburg, and other northern places, to ac- complish his arrest; and about twelve o’clock yes- terday, the telegraph announced the gratifying in- telligence that he had been arrested by officer Caldwell, of Fredericksburg, and would be brought to Richmond by the downward train in the eve- wey partial examination of the case was made by his honor the Mayor, on yesterday morning, and each witness recognised in the sum of $300, to ap- rat his office to-day, when a full one, we have loubt, willbe made. a Wm. B. Barroll, the Express agent, was sworn, and gave, in substance, the tesumony be- entioned. * a al ‘W. Grubbs stated that he had furnished Smith with the stationery, with which he wrote a Jetter to this man Williameon, of Philadelphia. Mr, Stephen H. Fisher, the keeper of the shoe store, with whom Smith lives, testified as to having seen a letter in Smith’s possession, directed to W. P. Williamson, whom Smith had told him ve cane large bnsiness in Northern Liberties, Philadel- phia, and whom he was going on, to see, for the purpose of joining in business. (Mr. F., on being shown the dray ticket which accompanied the boxes, recognised it as being in the handwriting of Smith, and, at the request of the Mayor, went | to his store and breught a business book, in which entries had been made by Smith, which, upon be- ing compared with the penmanship of the ticket, were found to be identical. ‘The ticket was as fol- — nea «May 8th, °49. “two cases from H. Tyler to Express office.) Mies Caruarixe Dotnow, being duly sworn, tes- tified that she had been living with Mr. Smth about six months. She was not his wife. Had never seen the two negroes in court in Mr. Fisher's store with Smith, except on business. Was late i ting up. Kat breakfast with Smith up stairs. Mr. Fisher Rad been at the store come time when she rose. (Considerable trepidation.) What she said she uttered in the presence of Ged and the oothe Mayor reminded her that she had taken a actin oath to tell the whole truth, and she must regard herself always in the presence of Omnipo- pence. Told to take her seat. - Saran, a ence oarnian’ pee oe injunetion, that she would lose her ‘ears, fe” for iling to tell the truth.—Lived with Mr. ith about a fortnight. Had seen the boxes in his kitchen. Didn’t know who made them. Were there when she came to live with him. Didn’t sleep in the kitchen, but in the garret. Mr. Smith did not take breakfast at home. Saw Mr. Smith, from an t window, get on the cars as they paseed the door.-Iichmand Whig, May 7. rumor of the drowning of J' Meeker, of Min- rie Tamer maine «river Ig, Kentecky, 10 eoatrediet- OF by the Moyevlle Herald of the 4th, Our Chariesten . Cnarusston, S. C., May 5, 1849. Ex-Governor Seward—Curious Movement in South Carolina—Railroad Travelling, ec. Sauntenng into the news room of the Charles- ton Hotel this morning, about six o'clock, after arriving by the boat from Wilmington, whom should I encounter but William H. Seward, ex- Governor of New York, Senator of the United States, and connotsseur in tomb-stones. What has sent him here? Whatis he doing? What did he come for? Does he want the model of another rave-stone? Is it not better for him to go to Raltimore, where all the Bishops assemble ina few days, and where are plenty of tomb-stones Pate tell yon that South Carolia is being put ina state of defence to resist the aggressions of the insolent North—for in no other way can [ in- terpret the queer rule enjoined by law, that all en- tering the State shall declare their names, age, place of birth, occupation, destination, and other particulars needless to mention. What is the r.eaning of this? i Those who travel this route to, New Orleans, have to encounter the most serious inconveniences. ‘The companies owning these routes should be bronght to account. ‘The means of travelling are not half as comfortable as the second class cars in the Northern States. The accommodations in every way are execrable. GALVIENSIS, Interesting from China, [From the National Whig,] We thank Dr. Young, the chief clerk of the Navy Department, for the Hong-Kong China fail down to the 27th of tg The duty on auction sales at Hong-Ke been abolished. Two passenger peaiars ie larly between Hong-Kong and Canton. They ad just received the rumor at Hong-Kong that a part of the crew of the United States ship of war Ohio had deserted from San Francisco to the mines. Captain Gedney, of the U.S. ship Ply- mouth, had received an acknowledgment from the committee of Lloyds for his signal services in as- sisting British vessels last September, in a tai- foong, while lying at Cumsingmoon. The U.S. ship Preble, which left Hong-Kong on the 12th of February, ter Japan, had returned on the 16th of the same month, with one of her crew laboring under small pox, which was yery prevalent at Canton. A gang of Chinese convicts, transported from Hong-Kong to Penang, had es- cal has re- .The Mail contains an interesting account of a visit paid by, the Imperial Commissioner, Seu, to the U. 8. ship Plymouth, at Whampoa. The cor- tege consisted of thirty boats, bearing the ensigns of the Mandarins. On their appreach, Commodore Geisenger sent his boat, under command of the flag lieutenant, with his card and that of Dr. Davis, our Commissioner to China, a ceremony that was reciprccated by Seu. A Chinese salute of three ns being fired, the Chinese flag flying at the fore, Seu and his suite came 01 board, aad were re- ceived by Dr. Davis and the United States Con- sulg at Canton and Hong-Kong—Dr. Parker acting as interpreter. After the usual ceremonies of re- ception and the shaking of Seu’s left hand by the company, they proceeded to the cabin, where tea was served. ; Seu sat between Dr. Davis and Commodore Gei- senger, and Dr. Parker opposite. Only four of the Mandarins sat. Seu wasin fine spirits and chat- ted with ease and good humor. He was dressed Se plainly, with Bathing. to indicate his high rank, except.a button of the first class. Not so dignified as Keying, he is fully his equal in state- craft. His forel ead is high and his sve hazel. He is a man of a very high order of intelligence and a native of Horan province. He is fifty-three years old, and has a wife and four sons. On re-visiting the deck, he expressed himself delighted with the ship, and on its being intimated to him that the Commodore would gladly show him the effect of a shell thrown on the opposite shore, he promptly de- clined, on the ground, that the shell, in exploding might injure or killsome one. The Mail does not think that he isso cruel a ruler as_has been repre- sented. After witnessing the scaling of the guns and several manceuvres on the deck, the party re- turned to the cabin, to partake of dinner. in the American style. Seu’s mode of recreating his nostrils, or, in plein English, of blowing his nose, is described by the Mav; but as this subject is one which may be more easily imagined, than agreea- bly described, we must be excused from going in- to particulars. Seu met Mr. Bonhom at the Bogue on the 24th of February, in a secret conference, respecting the opening of the gates of Canton on the 6th oi last month. The discussion was referred to Pe- in. The export of tea to the United States from Chi- na, from January Ist to the 18th of February,1849, was 6,137,400 posi, of which quantity 1,521,000 pounds were black, and 4,615,400 were green. Of the green tea, 3,022,600 pounds were young hy- son. The German Navy and the Administration. ‘Wasutnaron, May 8, 1849. * * * * Meanwhile there is some business of a different nature occupying the minds of some of General Taylor’s ministers. Mr. Clayton is just now occu- pied with Baron Roenne, the envoy extraordinary and minister plenipopentiary from the central go- vernment of Germany, and not eee on terms of the most cordial amity with him, from circum- stances arising out of a recent transaction which I am about to detail. eo. While the difficulty between Denmark and the German Duchies of ‘Schleswig-Holstein and La- nenburg were about to be arranged amicably, and the Germans merely desired to establish a national navy, to put themselves on a respectable footing with their maritime neighbors, an application was made to our government by Prussia, either to grant a furlough to some of our naval officers, which the might employ in, mstructing young German of- ficers and midshipmen in the duties and arts of their profession, or to enter the German service al- together, at least for a limited period. Subsequently, a number of young German of- ficers were permitted to perform midshipman’s duty on board the frigate St. Lawrence, with the dis- tinct understanding, however, that_in case of the resumption of any difficulties, the German officers should not have permission to stay on board. For their services they received, of course, no compen- sation. This instance of national comity, on the rt of our govercment, produced an admirable ef- fect in Germany; the King of Prussia expressed his deep obligation, and the officers of our ships were participants of the hospitality of the court and ple. Perit there was yet another good effect produced. Germany does not possess the same abundance of materials for ship building, and as yet no extensive dockyards for the construction or preparation of vessels of war. Germany, therefore, had to pur- chase her ships, and the high reputation of our shipwrights, and the well known skill of our naval officers, naturally led the Germans to select the United States for that purpose. The steamship United States was accordingly purchased ; but as she, was not armed, and was, consequently, in the position in which she had been used for carrying passengers and the mail, utterly unfit for the pur- pose of the purchase, application was made to the then Secretary of the Navy, whether the United States government would not induce the command- er of the Navy Yard at Brooklyn to afford the pur- chaser the means of fitting her for the service for which she was intended. __ This request was granted, and the work was go- ing on till the vessel was very nearly ready for sea. Neither the Danish, nor Russian, nor Austrian, nor in fact any foreign, minister, protested against this [tec mel especially as an armistice had been concluded between Denmark and Prussia, which rendered the amicable settlement of their mutual difficulties almost certain beyond a donbt. ‘This did not seem to enn the new Secretary of State, who addressed a sharp letter to Baron Roenne, the minister from the Central Government of Germany, expressing his ‘‘astonishment,” at the transaction. Baron Roenne has since come down here to plead the case of Germany personal- Ne but with what effect J am as yet unable to tell. The matter ig an important one in regard to the principle which it involves, and its settlement one way or another cannot but produce a deep sensa- tion in the German Fatherland. ‘Thus matters stood when Mr. Clayton took the place of Mr. Buchanan in the State Department, and Mr. Preston that of Mr, John Y. Mason in the Navy. Mr. C. at once considered the whole trans- action as out of order and veer to the My and obligations of neutrals. Mr. Buchanan had been of a different opinion, and Mr. Mason, when applied to by Mr. Clayton for explanation, made no other reply than that the whole correspondence be- tween him and the Prussian authorities was on re- cord, and that he had not the slightest objection to have it published. ; Mr. Meredith devotes all leisure moments to his official business. As yet he hasnot,I believe, invest- ed the proceeds from the sales of public lands in U. 8. 6 per cent bonds, as directed by law, as this isa matter of great delicacy, and requires much tact, in order not to advance the quotation of the stock beyond the point at which it would be disad- vantageousto purchase. The proceeds from the e public lands amount to from three to millions ef dollars, and asum half as large now invested in United States bonds, would ex- haust the whole amount now floating in the mar- ket for the purpose of speculation.—Cor. of Phila. Ledger. tinting Carrrornta Gotp.— Yesterday, one hundred and three ounces of California gold | d ed with Harnden & Co., on nccount, ofa cau ler, MwA Saco, wy > to be aaa to the om at le for coinage. It’ was i i Fairhaven. "Boston Journal, May.“ Our African Correspondence. U. S. Sur Erte, Porto Prava, November, 1848. The Slave Trade of Africa, Slaves for export are supplied to the faetones, from all of the classes enumerated in my last let- ter, by native dealers. The white factor is not allowed to proceed into the interior for purposes of trade. The chiefs, near the coast, generally mo- nopolize the traffic. Besides being a fruitful source of revenue, the traffic is encouraged by the head men, from motives of state policy It ena- les them, without expease, to transport malefac- tors, rebellious subjects, and those who are useless to the tribe, from infirmity, mental or physical, and with the proceeds of their sale to supply their places with others from the interior. It affords them the means of earrymg on wars to humble tie power of impertinent or troublesome neighbors, and of strengthening themselves by constant al- liance with imereenary war tribes.” All these po- litic motives are, however, subsidiary to the doui- nant passion, avarice, in v h the native dealer is not at all behind his white customer. Itrarely happens, however, that a really free man is ever offered for sale—that is, one who would have been free if the foreign market had not existed; or if such an one is sold, he is rarel} embarked without being exchanged or redeem * The marauding expeditions in which free men and their slaves are captured together, do not ap- pear to be prosecuted with immediate reference to the slave market on the coast. They are prose- cuted like the hestile descents of the middle ages in Europe, from a love of adventure and strife, for the gratification of revenge, and the ransom of pri- soners. ‘These petty wars are peculiar to the in- terior tribes; the sea coast is comparatively ex- empt from them. It would be impolite for the slaver to excite animositiesamong his neighbors, all of whom contribute to furnish him with trade. The spoil of the kidnapper is often sold to native slave dealers, who make a profitable speculation by acting as brokers in negotiating a ransom with the friends of a captured freeman. The ransom of a captive, whether he is exchanged for other slaves or not, is always arranged in slave currency —the uniform standard of money value. If a free- man by chance falls into the hands of a slaver on the coast, he is readily exchanged for another slave as able-bodied, some trifling present, as a goat or a sheep, being added. The slave merchant says:—“ After fifteen years experience in the slave trade, I have never known a king, prince, or chief- tain, sold as a slave; and it isa doubt to me if all those stories told by anti-slavery men about queens and princesses hearin on board, are, or ever were, true.” And he then adds his opinion, that the slave market upon the coast hi i dencye “< by purifying the communities ac large of this anny 7 Lis removing its malefactors and least desirable subjects. When you consider the disproportion between the number of slaves in Africa and the compara- tively limited demand for foreign exports— the necessary increase of slaves in a genial climate, where the fecundity of the human race is only surpassed by the general ex- uberance of animal life, ‘there is certainly some plausibility in the opinion that the in- fluence of the export slave trade in provokin; wars has been in no small degree overrated ; an if the slave trade be ever suppressed, as I devoutly hope it may be, and confidently believe it will be, by REG the line of slave coast with trusty colo- nists, I still en that the domestic slave trade will go on unchecked. Without ascribing to the traffic the benignant tendencies which it possesses in the eyes of un old slayer, I may believe that it has less influence for evil, than is commonly sup- posed, upon the indigenous customs and institu- tions of interior Africa, which surpass the merci- less barbarity of the North American Indian and the loathsome cannibalism of the South Seas. The slayer illustrates the mode in_which slaves are sometimes precured by robbery, by citing an instance of which he was a witness. A Foulah chief had escorted him, as an unusual favor, upon an excursion, more of pleasure than of trade, into the Mandingo country, about seventy iniles from the head of the Rio Tongo. This chief owed him a debt, in the payment of which slaves were, of course, the legal tender. When stopping in a small town, the Foulah, incited by an opportu- nity for plunder, found a pretext for quarrelling with the chief, and made reprisal of sixteen slaves in his service, turning the whole gang over to the slaver towards the payment of his debt, with this pious promise of the balance :—‘ Here is a part of your debt, I may be able to pay you the rest at the next village—if God helps me.” Although the slaver did not refuse the sixteen slaves, it appears to have been a great comfort to his conscience to this day, that he reprimanded the native kidnap- r for his despotic conduct. The Foulah chief fabricated, in justification of his proceeding, the al- legation that the Mandingo was not really a free man, nor a good Mahommedan, but a presumptu- ous fellow, whohad once insulted his brother, &c.; Both the Mandingos and the Foulahs are Mahom- medans, but so far as I can learn, the common faith is not any very sacred bond of amity. While the acquisitien of captivi thus an in- centiye to aggression, it also exercises a meliora- ting influence upon the horrors of African wars. In ordinary cases cupidity shields the life of the prisoners, and those only fall who perish in the on- slaught. The usual degcriptions of the mode of proceeding appear to be as faithful as they are gra- a benign ten- ic. bs A village is generally stormed by the native kid- nappers just betore daylight; if the storming party is not repulsed at the first onset, the women and children abandon their homes and fly with their scanty effects to the woods or rice fields, and often in their panic into the very centre of the enemy. The men, more swift and better acquainted with warfare, fly for refuge to the next town, unless in- tercepted by the enemies pickets. They seldom make a prolonged resistance, and if overtaken in their flight, surrender without resistance. The Africans are destitute of resolute ceurage. Their confidence consists in a superstitious regard for the Gree-gree or the Jus-jus, as the charms are called, which they wear upon their persons. When the talisman fails, they yield in impotent despair. ‘When wars are carried on in consequence of fa- mily disputes or matrimonial questions, or to pro- secute claims for territory, or drotts de naissanee; or where the prisoners of war cannot be secured or readily disposed of, then the most atrocious blood- thirstiness is the result. Villages are burned; the crops are rooted up; the fruit trees are cut down; the cisterns of water broken; the fish reserves de- stroyed; the men are put to the sword and the wo- men made the concubines of the captors. Even the conquerors themselves become great losers, a3 these wars are carried on in the dry season, which is the only time when the natives work their farms. On returning to their homes, habits of industry are notreadily resumed. ‘The eeed time is devoted to dancing and feasting; the rainy season overtakes them before the planting begins; it is then too late —the crop is lost, and prospective famine crowns their rejoicing over a bloody victory. Ifa chief of a tribe or village declares war against one stronger than himself, he resorts to the mercenary tribes, who live by fighting wars not their own. These tribes are generally cannibals, and the battle ends in a feast ot human flesh. The warriors take the field with their cooking apparatus; their women fol- low the camp, assist in the butcheries, and prepare the horrid repast. So greatis the degradation ofthe women in Africa, who are held in no better repute than slaves, that when captured in war, they re- concile themselves without repugnance to a change of lords, and even unite in the orgies of the victors, —joining their hands to the tormentors in the in- sulting death dance round their former husbands, But let the slaver relate what he witnessed, in his own words, ‘In 1837, (July 15,) I went some fit- teen miles into the interior to collect some slaves due me in the district called Dighay, between Cape Mount and Cape Mesurado. In the night, during a Tain storm, a neighboring tribe stormed the town 1 was in, and made a large number of prisoners. ‘The morning found me a captive toa head_war- rior—one of these mercenary canmbals. Fortu- nately they discovered that I was engaged in the urchase of slaves, which, alone, induced them to Tet me go, after making them a handsome present. Iwas lee aided by the influence of some persons who knew me. I saved the lives of several prison- ers who, without doubt, would have been killed; but not their liberty, for a few days afterwards shipped them to the Havana. The following day I witnessed their war play. Several old men and wo- men, some of the badly wounded and some of the young men, also, were brought forward, and all sorts of torment inflicted on them until death re- leased them. But what astonished me most, were the female camp followers. They were without mercy, more savage and cruelthan the men. Their appetite for flesh knew no bounds. I really. believe that each woman, that ia ate more than six pounds of raw flesh. They eat human flesh without salt. After the battle, the spoil is usually divided, and these cannibals were paid off with a few of the suryiving captives. They claim all the dead ones, which they carefully eat up, smoke and barbecue, and then pack away to present to their friends on their return home. J. H. Fmst Boats Tunovan.—The boat Norman, of the Old Oswego line, with merchandize from Albany, reached here on Saturday afternoon and was the first boat reported. The boat Oswego, of the Oswego and Troy line, was the first boat through from Troy, with merchandise, and followed close yn the heels of the Norman. The boat Empire, of the New York and Oswego line, arrived im- mediately after, and is the first boat through from New York, with a full freight of merchandise. ‘The goods by these boate have been transhy to the steamers N. Ontario, and have one to their destined ports on this Jake.—Onwego 8. | The Coast of Africa. It will be recollected that a few days since, we publisned a statement relative to a mission to the King of Africa. We find the following confirma- tion of the intelligence then given:— {From the English papers. We have received the following letier respecting the movements of her Majesty’s cruizers on the coast of Africc. Capt. Eden, of her Mujesty’s ship Amphitrite, mmoceaded under orders, in November last, from the Bights of Benin to the Bonny, to en- ter into a treaty with the chief or king of that river for the suppression of the slave trade in his terri- tory. From thence he was to proceed to the Ca- maroons, and adjust some disputed question of trade, or rather to try to ace the chief of that river to give up the system naking vessels pay. river duty a second time, or as often as a chang masters may ar from. de: was to proceed to the previ tive to the any British subjects who may be induced to go there to trade in ebony, which is a staple article that quarter, On the 15th, Captain Eden left in Majesty’s steamer Firefly, for the purpose of exe- cuting ‘these commands; the Amphi with all her boats detached, remaia Lagos. On the Ist of December the Amphitrite, by previous arrangement, got all her boats aboard, and sailed for Princes, where she fell in with the Firefly, and Capt. Eden rejoined, having executed his mission to the letter. .The Bonny treaty is a suggestion of Commodore Sir Charles Hotham’s, but you will be surprised to heer that there is neither any trade, nor disposition to trade, in slaves in the Bonny; that the entire po- pulation are very fully and lucratively employed in the collection of palm oil; and further, that his sa- ble majesty, one of the high and mighty contract- ing parties, could not get one single slave for ex- portation sixty miles around him, if he wished. ‘This is a fact which any Bonny trader could sub- stantiate, * The Camaroon business was arranged pro forma, agreeably with the wishes of the Liverpool mer- chants, from whom the request to interfere ema- nated ; and Captain :den,while in the river,endea- vored to make some effort to put an end to the practice of human sacrifice which still exists there, But without eflect. T shall now proceed to give yon a few particulars relative to the late mission to Dahomey, which will prove how utterly in the darkfyou all are in Englad upon aan points relative to the slave trade. It was an effort made on the part of the colonial office to induce the powerful chief of Dahomey to puta stop to the slave trade in his dominions. About the 2d of November, a Mr. Cruickshank, a Cape Coast merchant, was commissioned by Gover- nor Winnyett to proceed to Dahomey ; he took pas- sage in the English brig Zante, to Whydah ; disem- barking there, he proceeded in due course to Dahomey, taking with him as a dash £150 wortn of goods, purchased from the Zante; but be- fore he could possibly leave Whydah for Da- homey, a slave dealer starts for Dahomey with £300 worth of goods, also purchased from the Zante, thus outdoing our ambassador by double the amount in the shape of presents. Cruickshank, however, reaches Dahomey in good time, is well received and taken care of by the King, who he reports to bea very princely fellow, and enters at once upon the subject of his mission, which was the offer of 2,000 dollars per annum to abolish the trade in slaves throughout his dominions. His Majesty listened attentively to all Cruickshank had to say, received the portrait of our Queen with every appearance of pleasure, and after, in his turn, expressing to Cruickshank the necessities of his state, the nature of his obligation to the multitude of chief men, and his absolute inability to raise the eget amount of funds by any other than the slave trede, he declined giving a decisive answer. In fact he was not prepared to give up, for 2,000 dollars per annum, a traffic which ineures him an annual income of 350,000 dollars; or, in plainer En- glish, he prefers ean his £70,000 rather than surrender it for a trifling £400 a year, which Cruickshank was authorized to offer him. ‘Cruick- shank was well entertained for the seven days he remained at Dahomey, and not only protected, but courteously treated on his way there and back, and treated toa review of his Majesty’s regiments of women. The country is, to all appearance, well managed by its present chief, who is a man of no mean capacity or intelligence. His custom house regulations and police generally are in excellent training, and altogether Cruickshank’s visit, from his description, must, have been a very agreeable one, but the olject of it he views, and truly, as im- practicable in this quarter. Three little black girls were the return fy esent to Cruickshank, who has taken steps for their transmission to Cape Coast Castle,twhere, of course, shay: will be perfectly free to follow,the bent of their inclination. Verily, this is the age of humbug; 8,000 slaves are annually shipped from Whydah alone, not 100 of whom are captured. So much for the success of our squa- ron. All the cruizers in the Bights of Benin were di- rected to assemble at Princes by the Ist_ of Janua- ry, for inspection by the commodore, before his de- parture from the station. A jolly fine season the slavers will have had of it while they are all thus absent from the cruizing ground. “The commo- dore, it would appear, funks the Bights, He will do his utmost to make the station appear healthy in the eyes of you at home, wane he appears to dread visiting the northern part of the coast, except in the very fine season, and then but fora very f period, and he avoids the Bights in toto. This is worth chronicling, particularly as I aver that every effort is made to represent the station as a most ill-used one. _In this he is assisted manful- ly by the surgeons ofa certain establishment ashore and ship afloat, who, oftentimes forgetful of their professional reputation, and the interests of those commutted to their care, toady to the full extent of their tether; men are discharged from the hospital uncured; they may return to it again, and again they may be discharged from it as before; and thus invalidings made fewer, This looks well on pa- per at home, but unhappily the men may be sacri- fieed by this ‘charitable’ system. Another mode of proceeding isto send home. confirmed epileptics as part complement of vessel returning to England, and to report the deaths as having taken place from any other cause than fe- ver, a8 in the instance of the late Commander Le- vines who, it was said, died of influenza! With regard to the island of Ascension, so far from its being a station of sanitary resort, it is per- fectly useless for that end. The island hus been overstocked, and there is now scarcely any grass to be seen. The island is in dissension still The English in India.—The Effect of the Battle of Goojerat. [From the London Times, April 18, 1849.] The overland mail, like a story published in parts, often brings, in addition to more authentic and less interesting matters, just a stray rumor, a letter, or a telegraphic despatch, of a nature to excite the most intense anxiety for the next arrival. It was £0 last mail. Almost buried in its more bulky con- tents was a small slip of paper, entitled the “ Extra” of the Bombay Times, and containing the agree- able announcement of'a real victory over the Sikhs and a total rout of their army. We have now the pleasure of congratulating our readers on the com- plete confirmation of this unaccountable dribblet of,news. The Sikh army has been dispersed, without any extraordinary loss on our part, but with great loss to the enemy ; 53 guns have been captured, including some of our own lost at Chil- hanwallah, and many bearing marks of having been spiked on that occasion. The campaign has thus been brought to a successful termination. ‘The battle of Goojerat, on the 2ist of February, if it have not entirely retrieved the generalship of Lord Gough, has at least avenged the disasters of Ram- nuggar and Chillianwallah.. The veteran com- mander-in-chief will retire in his glory, and Sir Charles Napier will find, on his arrival, that he has leisure to introduce his reforms before the army shall Se be summoned to the field. On the principle that all is well that ends well, we ought not perhaps to inquire too curiously into the various canses which concentrated in’ such happy vicinity all the British and Sikh forces in the Panjaub, From Chillianwallah on the Jhelum, Shere Sing brought his forces somewhat unexpect- edly to Gooyerat on the Chenub, apparently in full march for Lahore. Lord Gough did not fail to follow up the rebel army as soon as its whereabouts was known, and onthe 17th Lord Gough was in position to compel the enemy to fight. In the course of that day and the next, General Whish joined head-quarters, and Harveys brigade also came into camp. On the 19th the Bombay column made a forced march from Ramnuggur. ‘On the 20th, Lord Gough found himself at the head of 25,000 men, with 100 guns, and the enemy in sight. Had he’ followed his usual tactics, there is no saying but what that very afternoon might have witnessed another scene of en carnage. This time, however, he was better advised. He advance within four miles of the enemy, and encamped for the Bi as nearly as possible in the order of bat- tle. The enemy, computed at 60,000 men of all sorts, and 60 guns of moderate calibre, lay en- camped round Goojerat, protected, as usual, by deep watercourses all around them. Thus, almost for the first time since the Sikhs croseed the Sutlej, the British soldier was permitted to encounter his foe on something like an equality of terms. It is true that eyen now a great part of the army was fatigued with forced marches, while the enemy had mancuvred at leisure, and rested some days.— While the Sikh, toa, had well chosen his position, the Bntish soldier had four mile of ground to get over, and to take his chance ior obatacion to surmounted atthe end. But the ofiler of battle was formed the night before ; all the troops were col- lected ; the heavy guns were in the field ; a ni oe nag was: Mepe * both Pd) morning of 2let, Lord Gough, wit his line extended three miles, marched towards Geojeret. His object, we are told, though it is not ed cruizing oit very evident in the result, was to penetrate the enemy’s centre with his ght, snd turn their posi- tion, The heavy guns were thie time permitted to prepare the way for the infantry; the balance of metal happily being on our side. “Our 18-pounders soon silenced the lighter pieces of the enemy, and all our artillery was then pushed en. Then, and not till then, the infantry advanced, drove the ene- my before them, took ‘village after village, and soon occupied the town of Goojerat. The cavalry were despatched in pursuit, and hung on the rear of the enemy for ten miles, from the field, when darkness closed a day which we can. turly call our own, Notwithstanding the general lightness of the Sikh artillery, out of sixty pieces, only seven secdyed capture. ‘The camp furniture, the baggage, and baggege cattle, with an enormous amount of ammunition, fell into our hands. Both Chutter ngh and Shere Singh are said to have been wounded, Pressed by a victorious army, and de- prived of their guns, ammunition, and’ baggage, the Crate in all directions, the several sani: ries betuking themselves with all speed to their respective countri¢s. Our loss, though sufficient tokeep up that honorable proscription of danger which the Duke tells ug is necessary to the enjoy- ment of an occasional triumph, is trifling, compared with the late massacres. The total killed were five officers and ninety-five men—not nearly half the loss suffered in a quarter of an hour, by the 2th Regiment alone, on the previous occasion. The proportion of wounded was rather greater—twenty- four officers and six hundred and eighty-two men. The loss of the enemy is computed at four times this number. |The most satisfactory feature of the victory remains to be told. It was followed up at once. The very next day, General Gilbert was de- patched across the Jhelum, with 12,000 men—now increased to 16, to occupy Rhotas, Attock, Peshawur, and other strong places, up to the Khy- ber Pass. Shere Singh is negotiating in a proper spirit, and the Sikh chiefs are expected to surren- ler unconditionally. Without trusting too securely to present appear- ances, and bearing in mind how often our victories have been reversed in their results, we yet venture to congratulate our readers on the most en- couraging news received from India for many a long day. Whatever our enemies in the Punjaub may have learnt from us, it is evident we have now learnt something from them. The tableshave been turned in this instance. As at Plassy, and some other memorable occasions, we have fairly walked upon the enemy, and pushed them from the field; but we have done so leisurely and de- liberately, with round shot to pave the way, with the several arms of the service rendering mutual support, with everything in its place, with the Chief in sight of his soldiers, ‘and. the soldiers in sight of their Chief. Whole regiments have not been thrown into holes to be pounded as in a mor- tar. But we will not pursue further the painful comparison. Lord Gough has retrieved his late digasters, and even though he seems to have been playing double or quits for, victory, he has at least roken.the bank and carried off the prize. The last scene of his career will eclipse the more mixed recollections of the past. It presents the spectacle of twenty-six thousand men, hasily as- sembled from distant and scattered localities, rising from their bivouack, and marching in an even line against twice, their number, nor stopping till the antagonist host is broken and melted away. The moral worth and power of such a spectacle is all the greater for the terrible scenes which have so recently preceded it, and which might have in- spired discouragement and distrust .in our ranks, and audacity in the foe. They have fuiled of this effect. The long resistance of Mooltan, the trea- cherous fords of Ramnuggur, and the bloody jungles of Chillianwallah have been endured with- out elevating the Sikh to the level of the British soldier, or depressing the disciplined Sepoy to the level of the Sikh, or in, the least degree impairing the préstige of the British arms. The English Opinion of the French Inter- vention in the Affairs of Rome, {From the London Times, April 10.) ‘We are by no means surprised that the con- ference of the Catholic powers at Gaeta, and the present crisis in Central !taly, have ended in the rerolution of the Fren érment to deapatch their long-projected ex)» to Ciyita Vecchia, Many months have now lapsed since General Cavaignac sent M. de ( iles to Rome, to ofler the support of the French :epublic to his Holiness the Pepe; and the detac t of troops which had been collected for the sii\ purpose by M. Guizot’s government, in the year 1547, was then on the pein vetiasian sail. “The appearance of that rein- forcement on the coast of Italy before the 24th of November, would have prevented the deplorable scenes which have since occurred ; but the flight of the Pope rendered all immediate interference impossible, and it eau that the zeal of Gen- eral Cavaignac and his friends in defence ef the Roman pontiff tees largely of the nature of an electoral puff. Upon the accession of Louis Napoleon to the Presidency of the republic, hopes were perhaps entertained that the Con- ference of Brussels would furnish some means of restoring peace to Central Italy, by the forces of the sruneingntase covernuneny under Gio- berti and by those of the King of Naples. This delusion was soon dissipated, but upon the re- newal of the war by Charles Albert, the French cabinet thought, the state of public opinion too critical to allow it to act openly against the Italian revolution, and to declare itself adverse to a cause which was the assailant of Austria. The defeat ot the Piedmontese army materially lessened the forces of which the Italian governments could themselves dispose for the attainment of this ob- ject; and the insurrection of Genoa demonstrated at the same time that these forces were never more urgently required. Upon this state of things the decision of the French government seems to have been taken. But however consistent this measure may be with a prudent and pacific policy, M. Odil- Jon Barrot was evidently embarrassed ‘in his de- fence of it. The true motives of the determina- tion of the French government were not those which they pe it convenient to avow to the Assembly; and the facts they did assign asa rea- son for their interference were not stated with complete accuracy. We have no evidence that “Austria pursues the consequences of her vic- tory,” at least not in a hostile sense ; nor has she ‘*availed ‘herself of the rights of war towards those States which were more or less engaged in the late contest between herself and Scrdini co On the contrary, the cabinet of Vienna has. rati- fied the a ice as it was originally signed by King Victor Emmanuel; and the demand of the Austrian cabinet for, the expenses of the two campaigns is something less than three millions sterling—a yery moderate fine for so great an outrage. Nor is it true, as stated by General Lamoriciere, that the Austrians are masters of Bologna ; and if they have entertained the desi of marching upon Florence, we may hope that the counter-revolution, which is said to have been ef- fected there by the pooneaneais repenunce of the people, will restore Leopold to his dominions more effectually than a host of foreign bayonets. We have, constantly deprecated intervention, from a conviction that these republics would collapse from their own rottenness and incapacity; and we suspect the French government has again allowed the opportunity to slip by, which alone rendered such an intervention desirable, It is by no means improbable that before the French expedition reaches Civita Vecchia, the miserable usurpation of Mazzini will have crumbled to pieces; in, that case General Oudinot, would have no sufficient excuse for the occupation of a point in the Papal dominions. : i. It is hoped that, in spite of the absurd declama- tion of the French National Assembly, the govern- ment of Louis Napoleon will acknowledge that France has, in this question, no interests opposed to the views of the present government of Austri The cause which these two governments have tuken in hand is evidently the same; and the best security for the execution of this duty, in a spirit of moderation and of peace, is the currence ef the only two great States between which the prolonged disturbances in Italy might lave given rise to more hostile sentiments. The French republic cannot be reasonably or nghtfully suspected of any inten- tion ef restoring the abuses of the old ecclesiastical ‘overnment of the Popes ; and we have no doubt that the French auxiliaries of Pius IX. are sincerely desirous of giving his subjects the benefits of that constitution which they have so foolishly and wickedly abused. Nor is it to be supposed that the interference of Austria, under her present rulers, is intended to restore the exploded lumber of Prince Metternich’s police. The real desire both of Austria and France can only be to render the gt of constitutional liberty possible in Italy, by supplying the governments with that force to resist the absurdity and extravagance of the populace and its demagogues, which their own troops and the energy of the middle classes un- happily have not hitherto afforded. The republics of Rome and Florence, and the last attempt at mob governinent in Genoa, have, we trust, sufficiently enlightened the world as to the unity and political capacity of the Itulian peo- ple. For many ages, scarcely any part of the world has lived under so frightful an anarchy and in such complete msecurity of life and property, ag that which has prevailed since last November, in Tuscany and the Roman States. Conspirators, y in devising schemes in fo- who had grown devi reign lands for sheen ancipation of Italy and the regeneration of mankind, were suddenly put to the task of practical government. Not one of ise a month’s revenue from any other leccten the spoliation of the rich or the pillage of the beautiful—not one of them could drill a bat- talion to stand fire—not one of them could govern by any but the most vulgar expedients of violence and terror. Yet such is the state of Italy, that even to ehake off these acne a he seemed to need the assistance of a foreign Under such circumstances as these, it would be unworthy of this country to affect jealousy of the measure contemplated by the French republic. And when it is remembered that the French re- public might rather have been expected, some twelve months ago to interfere on the other side, and in defence these same anarchists and fana- tics, it is an immense gain to the cause of peace and of public order that the first foreign act of the President’s government should be one of resist- fnce to anarchy, and entirely in the spirit of ex- isting treaties and of European policy. is step may yet save the dominions of the ae of Naples from the spreadin pestilence, and must accelerate the reduction of the island of Si The defeat of Charles Albert, and the fall of his radical minis- try, the failure of the Genoa insurrection, the re- action in Tuscany, and this decisive act'of France. have brought us, we trust,'to the closing scenes 0: the Italian revolution ; and it is no longer con- ceivable that that fine country shall be perma- neatly consigned to the ravages of her own unna- tural children. e We are not aware that Great Britain has taken any active part in the later incidents of this strug- gle; and asa Protestant power, we, of course, stood excluded from the conferences of Gaeta. Bur, though Lord Palmerston has, not exculpated himself from the charge of Kindling this formida- ble conflagration, we shall not the less readily congratulate him on the zeal he is doubtless ready to show in putting it out. In particular, Lord Hardwicke’s conduct at Genoa has been highly creditable, and is the exact counterpart of that of the British officers last year, both in March and September, at Messina. Confiding in the close ations Which it has been his good fortune to maintain with the French republic, we must pre- sume that our Foreign Secretary sees without jealousy General Oudinot and the French squadron proceed on their errand to the Eternal City. But af Sy ties still wanting to this instructive passage in history, and if the liberal sympathies of the British government still leave them no repose, it is at least consoling to think that the French re- public has proclaimed to the world fits hostility to the excesses of this revolution, and that a minister of the Crown of England may leam prudence moderation from the councils of the Elysee Bourbon. _ The Sandwich Islands, _ The important position of the Sandwich Islands, in connexion with the future progress of com- merce in the Pacific, confers great interest en their history, a new edition of which has recently been published by Mr. J. J. Jarvis, of Honolulu, and, with which it also embodied Hig statement ot their trade and revenue, brought down to the most recent period. Owing to their remoteness, under the old order of things these islands have never at- tracted anything like popular attention in England; but, nevertheless, there have been few places similar size, and inhabited by uncivilized races, which have exercised a more critical influence, even up to the present time, on the politics of the world, or which have been the subject of stronger contentions. From their discovery by Cook, in 1778, throughout all the details of the subsequent bad faith of the white men ; of Vancouver’s more judicious course, which led to their nominal cession. to Great Britain, by King Kamehameha I., in 1794; of the arrival of the first American missionaries and their families, who, in 10 years from 1822, es tablished 900 schools, taught by native teachers, with 44,895 pupils ; of the visit of Kamehameha II. and his Queen to England in 1824, and of their death in the course of afew weeks; ot the rival- ries of the various Consuls—French, English, and American—leading ultimately to a hi dispute with the former power in 1539, to an author seizure of the islands by Lord George Paulet in the name of Great Britain in 1843, and to a subseqhent misunderstanding with the Commissioner of the United States, down to 1844, when the inde- pendence of the islands was definitively acknow- eldged, abundant instances are furnished of the keenness with which they were watched by the several parties, and of happy escapes from collisions which on frequent occasions seemed most immi- nent. Equidistant from Central America, Mexico, California, Oregon, and the Hudson’s Bay territo- ries, on one side, and the Russian dominions, Ja- pan, China, and the Phillippines on the other, the islands always seemed to navigators and politicians to be worth contending for; and it is therefore es- pecially fortunate, looking at the enchantment of their value which has now occurred, that a timely admission of their complete independence has ex- tinguished all possibility of future bickerings. ‘he total number of fdands in the group is 12, of which only bib are inhabited, containing 6,100 equare miles. Volcanic and mountainous, the ele- vations in some instances reaching 14,000 feet, their soil ig poor and unproductive, except when constantly irrigated. The forests are dense, but the climate is salubrious and singly: temperate, the range of the thermometer being very slight, with a mean of about 75. During the years from 1843 to 1846 the trade of the country b doubled, the visits of American whalers being one great cause of its advancement. At the latter pe- riod the exports were $763,950 ; the imports $598,382; the revenue, raised from Customs, poll- tax, Jand-tax, stamps, rents, &c., $127,855, and the expenditure $115,571. Of the import trade more. than one-half was with the United States, the totals bein + $23,108 17.040 United States... . $825,630 Columbia River.. England + 116,920 California... .. China, 43,040 Other countries.... 33,577 Valparaiso , 38,965 The number of veasels belonging to the islands was 2%, with a tonnage of 1,585 tons. As regards population, a singular decrease has taken place from the date of Cook’s visit down almost to the present period, 1 ing been only during the last two or three years that th.’‘2*el influence seems to have been checked. Cook, in 14/3, cstimated the total at 400,000, but 300,000 would probably have been nearer the truth. In 1823 it was only 142,050, and in 1896 it had declined to 108,579. A census ordered in 1847, however, indicates, so far as the returns have yet been received, a slight Teaction. The foreign population of Honolulu is about 600, of whom it is believed about one-half are Americans, one-fourth British subjects, and the remaining fourth French, German, Portuguese, Chinege, Ta- hitians, &e. The present king, Kamehameha III, is thirty-five years of age. ‘The government is car- ried on in conjunction with legislative chambers, and the ministers are mostly American citizens or British subjects who have become naturalized. In England, the king’s commissioner is Mr. Archibald Barclay, the Secretary of the Hudson’s Bay com- pany. The icy of the government “is essen- tially protective to the Hawaiian or native race, to the intent that the question of their capability of civilization may be fully solved.” Although the intercourse of the people from the commencement of the century has been mostly with America, and their predilections towards that nation are gradual- ly increasing, they have never ceased to regard England with favor; and the sentiment that she was their protector, and that she exercised a species of guardianship over them, was more or less nourish- ed down toa recent period. This innate disposi- tion to friendliness it is now more than ever desira- ble both for Great Britain and America to cultivate. i lly becoming an important dépét of trade nsit,and ill adapted for agriculture, the pros- pemty of the country will proj rtionably benefit Oregon and Vancouver's Island, whence not only coals, but increasing supplies of food, must con- stantly be drawn. A step which has recently been suggested, and which seems to have the [ges wishes of the government, that Honolulu should be made a free port, will also, if adopted, prove of great advantage to all who are interested in its trade. News from the Arctic Ocean: . Sa@ Harnor, L. I., May 9, 1849. Captain Royce, of the bark Superior, arrived on Saturday evening last, has furnished us with the following information relative to his cruise in the Arctic Ocean. He says, ‘1 passed through Behr- ing’s Straits on the Ist of July, 1848, with a current Tunning to the north at the rate of from four to five miles an hour, Saw whales in the Straits, work- ing north with the current. After getting clear of the land to the north of the straits, saw large num- bers of whales, very gentle. Saw whales every day while there. Found it difficult to-keep to the southward owing to the northerly currents. Was swept four degrees to the northward of the en- trance by the current, and supposed the bark with- in one degree of the ice, judging from the position given to it by earlier navigators at the same sea~ son.” i Captain R. describes the weather as being most of the time thick and foggy, though not wet, as on the northwest grounds, with a comfortably cool working air. ‘as on soundings all the time and frequently anchored, with no land in sight in clear weather, with a depth of water ranging from twen- ty to thirty fathoms. Found the water shoal as he went north, Took 1,600 barrels in. tl y days, which filled his caske. Passed the Straits to the southward on the 23d of August. Saw in the bays, a8 he passed by them in. coming di from the north, large numbers of whales, during his stay saw many canoes | from one continent to the other. Captain R. ys steered out of their track, having no desire to acquaintance with the natives. The current was found running south when he left the sea. Cap- tain R. thinks the whaling fleet may find e l= ment for years to come in the Arctic Seas. CJ hoped to have access to Captain R.’s private jour- nal, but have been disappointed.—Com. Adv. Java.—Advices from Batavia to February 27th notice the approaching expedition to Bally as the rth a onic of interest. The expedition was to have left February 24th, but the arrange- ments not having been completed, it will not leave until the 15th March. Every preparation is being made to ensure final success, and to ensure the complete subjagation of the island. The com~ mander of the late expedition which was #0 sig- nally defeated, has been recalled to Holland, and General Van der Wyck proceeds overland to meet the coumaies fo mecha ae but which he attributes to the Govern + have been very general throughout Nethe many of the rice, sugar, and spice paste ave been destroyed, and several lives four = Bn a ae