The New York Herald Newspaper, March 20, 1849, Page 7

Q ‘Whe Flight of the Grand Duke of Tuscany, | im an Engiish Point ef View. {| nom the London Chronicle, Fab 20 J ‘The flight of the Grand Duke of Tuscany is the | the many sad and shameful scenes which ve disgraced that country, once the most peace- ful, prosperous and happy in the whole stretch of the Talim insula, opold II., the best and moet of ftalian sovereigns, whose reign has made Tuscany the garden of Italy, and enriched ‘every town in his dominions with monuments ot an active and judicious beneficence and an uaostenta- ‘tious hberality, finds himself compelled atter giving hus subjects all they usked, almost before they asked it, to escape into exile on board a foreiga steamer, from the capital where he lately enjoyed an unbounded and well merited popularity. His career has been an unfortunate one. From us, at Teast, he shall receive his due share of respect and | consideration. An Austrian prince, and bred in the traditions of his family and his adopted coun- try, he has nevertheless strvggled hard and long, not indeed to buffet the surges of revolution, but to ride through the storm, without endeavoring, directly or indirectly, to lean upon the ever-ready arm ‘of Austria, or to protect himself trom nisown subjects, by borrowing the vast military resources Ne og of his house. Unsupported at home, shrinking with a pardenatie excers of humanity from measures of military coercion, and justly reluctant, perhaps, to unsheath a sword likely to shiver in his grasp, he has endeavored, by conces- sion after concession, to keep his hold on a people to whom he had done nothing but good, an from whom he had a right to exvect nothing but goed in return. Inch by 1och he has retreated to the far- thest extremity of the plank, uotil a last backward step sent him toppling overboard. A provisional government, the puppet of the demagogue Guer- Yazzi, reigns 1n his stead. In signing the ordinance which announced the adhesion of Tuscany to the Italian Constituente, Leopold well knew that he was virtually abdicat- 1 is throne, But this, it seems, was not all. The censures of the church, denouaced by the Council of Trent against those who should invade the temporal authority of the Pope, and which cen- sures Pius IX., had recently decla:ed appiicable to all abettors ot that hopetul scheme ot Italian unity, were to him a more terrible peaalty than the loss ot his crown. He consulted the Pontiff, and the answer confirmed his fears U.able to recall the concession—which itis probable that he would never have been able to withhold—yet determined to free himself from the guilt of an involuntary participation in the sin, he Jost no time in quitting Sienna, and by the assistance of the English min- ister, found means to embark 01 bvard of an Eng- lish steamer, the Porcupine, intending, it was sup- sed, to sack a refuge im the territories of the King of Naples. The speciacle of a monarch gang into voluntary exile mn order to avoand an excommu- mication, adds another novel cident to the episodes which have given tts neculrar color to the progress of the revolution on Italy, and of which the escape of the Pope was the most characteristic and picturesque. Revolutionized Florence, a preyto anarehy in its moét repulsive form, will, Wwe presume, cast in her Jot with republican Rome. All these deplorable events, the last of which we have just recorded, tend but too visibly towards a consummation most paintul to every one who de- sires the freedom and prosperity of [taly—foreign intervention. There 1s no spectacle which more deeply revolts and disgusts the feelings of an Eng- lishman, than the sight ot a people who cannot settle their domestic quarrels, organize their own form of government, or maintain the indispensab!e safeguards of law und order in, their own streets, without the help of foreign politicians and foreign soldiers. Time was, indeed, when it was not so with us. In the days of the earlier Plantagenets, when the realm ot England had a continental tron- tier, the idea of French intervention was popular enough, as the monkish historians show, with the cowled and mailed liberals of this island, who compared the overbearing prerogative of their own monarchs, with the greater license enjoyed by their neighbors across the channel, under the fee- ble rule of the French kings. But centuries of in- sulation have given a healthier tone to our moral constitution, and implanted deep in every English heart that honest jealousy ot foreign interterence which makes us despise, from the bottom ef our hearts, those whe solicit or submit to it, even from ourselves. With the Italians, it is far otherwise. In Tuseany and the north of Italy generally, (we do not include Piedmont, throughout te eater part of which we hope and believe that a Pealtuer teeling prevails,) intervention, from one quarter or another, 1s on every body’s tongue, and the longing for it in every body’s heart. Whilst two-thirds of the people are sighing tor the Austrians, the ether third are bawling for the French. And as the plague ot anarchy spreads wider and wider, as the feeble barriers raised by a succession of governments, each more imbe- cile than the preceding, vanish one by one, as the curse of eternal discord trustrates every effort at Teconstruction, and reduces every semblance of a controlling autherity to a more helpless and hope- less impotence—we canaot wonder it the ery rows more and mere impatient. The time 1s last approaching at which the distress consequent on the overthrow of an established governinent begets its inevitable consequence when the in- dustrious classes, patient, tymid, and inert as they are during the swing of revolutionary excitement, are at last goaded into activity, and clutch at any ‘weapon, however destructive to their own highly prized political liberty, to protect them from the more palpable and terrible danger ot impoverish- ment, n.isery and tamine. The starving proletasre tushes madly into a Jacquerie—the half-ruined citizen implores the aid ot a disciplined svidiery, on any terms, and at any price. Towards that Jamentable crisis, revolutiouized Italy is fast pro- gressing. In Piedmont, indeed, where the bulk of the gentry and il the whole of the rural population are still well affected and loyal, and the government has on toot a native army sixty or seventy thousand strong, Charles Albert might at once, by assuming a vigorous and decided atti- tude, crush the propagauda of anarchy within his own territories without the help ot a siagle French or Austrian bayonet. But the rest ot the Penin- sula, from Spezia down to Terraciaa, presents a chaos of confusion incapable, we greatly fear, of being reduced to order by the agency of any indi- genous power which Italy can supply. ‘¢Austria,” says belay Bugeaud, to the good folks of Lyons and Bourges, ‘has beea saved by her army.” He might have added, that Prussia, if| they weather the storm, will ‘owe their salvation to the same source. This les- son, amongst others, the events that have passed before our eyes have taught us—thacthere is a point at not a very advanced stage in the progress of a democratic revolution, at which a disciplined army, in the hands of any party or faction strong enough to wield it, becomes pelatly the only available engine for preserving the fabric ot society from utter ruin, and that it 18 an engine which no man, be he movarchist, coustitutionalist, or pure republican, will hesitate to employ. But in the smaller Italian States this resource 13 wanting. ‘The petty militia, which forms their regular mili- tary force, has melted at the time of trial into the mass of disorder by which it was surrounded. Amidst the cohue of mad priests, infidel journalists, and needy adventurers ot bined class, the staple material of a democratic revolution, with their foolish, flimsy Const:tnente, and their card-castle of Italian unity and independence, what prospect is there of the restoration of that tranquility in which the Penmsula has so long thriven aad pros- pered—what hope of obtamming tor her those in- crements of civil and political libe:ty for which ehe raves, and which we hope one day to see her en- joy? In spite of those complications in the web of ropeon politics which appear to preclude any one of the grent powere from singly interferingin the affairs of [taly—in spite of the many reasons which render it desirable forthem all that she should be lett to put outthe blaze in her own house with her | own buckets--we ate unable to flatter ourselves that events will not, sooner or later, take their old course, or that the revolution of 1848 will be re- corded in history as the first Itslan tmbroglo not unravelled by the rude hands of the statesmen and soldiers of the north. France and Capture of a Rogue in Paris, Galligoani’s Mess wger, of the 22d ult, says:— “Three days age, a man, very meaoly clad, pre- sented tor payment at Messrs. Ro:hachilds, a bill of exchange bor 520fr, drawnat New York. The cashier, entertaining sone doubts, questioned the man as to how he came by the bul, and he at once said that he was commissioned to present it by ansther person. The cashier suill refused to pay it without the real holder coming to endorse it. On Saturday, the commissioner returned with his employer, whe peremptorily insisted upon havin the money, and signed the receipt on the back o| the bill with the name of Guillaume only. This confirmed the suspicions of the cashier, who still refused to pay it until the identity of the holder was established before a commissary of police. On hearing this awful name, the holder of the bill ran off at ys utmest speed, and the cashier, with one of the servants of the house, followed as ra- pidly as they could, but could not overtake him till they saw him jump into a cabriolet, and drive off as fast the horse could go. The cashier put the servant into another cabriolet, and directed him to pursue the fugitive. Some time afterwards, M. Rothechild sent M. Martinet, one of his chief clerks, to lay an information before the commis- sary of police, who, to his utmost surprise, told him that he had the rogue already in custoay, The servant had traeked the fugitive to a house in the Rue du Chantre, and managed to have him ar- rested. He turned out to be aman named Renoux Jean, employed at the Port Office, who had se- creted the letter remitting the bill, and made the attempt to obtain its payment. He was condacted | tothe Prefecture of Police, and 18 there incarce- | ated until he can be brought to trial. | | standard elsewhere, and oppose a still more (From the London Times, Feb. 17.1 The direct maniteststions of opinion with refe- Tence to the regenerativa of the Germanic em- , pire, which have recently «manated from the courts | of Viena, Berhn and Munich, have maternally altered the aspect of that imoortant questioa. [tis Now apparent that the powers assumed by the Frankfort Aseembly, aud the priugiples which it affected to apply to the sovereign States ot Ger- submission or the passive acquiescence of tne | parties principally concerned) he votes of such a body, unsupported by any established right, or by military power, had no more positive weight than the resolutions of adebating club. The real set- tlement of the polities! questions arising out of the German revolution, depends, as ot old, upon the determination of the principal governments of | Germany; their relations must be adjusted by ne- | gotiation, not by popular debates or democratic authority; and 19 the conduct ot these discussions, unless the year 1848 has changed the elements ot pout and human nature, the nghts of each will e at least as stoutly defended as the common ia- terest of the whole. In forming our own opinion of the probable issue f the great undertaking in which the German peo- ple embarked under all the excitement of last spring, we had foreseen precisely the results which we are now witnessing The Germans have some- | umes shown, a little irritation at the scepticism of their friends in England, which refused to ac- cept as accomplished facts the mere intentions of a popular body. Butthey have done us injustice if they have imagined that any Ce ot public opinion in this couvtry has expressed hostility to the scheme of German unity, The interests of Germany and of Great Beitaroa are so evidently in harmony with each other, that it is not easy to point out a single motive of jealousy on the part of this country towards the German States. The weltare, the strengto, and the union of the German people are objects ot the first continental interest to Hagiaads and if ineans can be found of increas- ing the power, the influence, and the commercial freedom of Germany, no foreign State would be a | greater gainer than ourselves trom such indica- tions of national progress. But itis precisely be- cause we have always recognised ths importance of these objects, that we deprecate attempts more calculated to defeat than to promote them. We pointed out the dangers which threatened to divide Germany under pretence of uniting it, We showed that the acceptance by the King of Prussia ef the Imperial diguity—which the Frankfort Assembly seemed disposed to confer upon him—would in- stantly be resisted and resented by Austria and by Bavaria. We argued that to cut off the Austrian empire from the most intimate connection with the test of Germany, by the very act which professed to unite the whole of Germany, was a contradic- tion in terms; and that the cabinet of Vienna would as little submit to a virtual expuision from the Germanic body, as to the supremacy of one of those blouses which but halt a century ago were still bound to recognise her own supremacy. And we added, that in the Catholic paits of Germany, especially in Bavaria, the people would soouer combine with Austria than surrender at discretion to the authority of a northern empire. The diplomatic incidents of the last month have corroborated in every particular the justice of these views. The King ot Prussia himselt has declared in the face ot Europe, that the Imperial digaity 13 not essential to the regeneration ot Germany, and has indirectly admitted that the zeal of the Prus- slan partieans at Franktort nad outetripsed the more cautious purposes of the Court of Berlin. He, too, adheres to the unton with Austria, and the still subsisting Federal Union of 1915. But the more important part of these transactions 1s the course pursued by Austiia herself. It has been stated by one of the leading journals of Berlin, and we believe with accuracy, that on the 17th of January the Cabinet of Olmutz made an overture of a remarkable nature to that of Berlin. {t 18 proposed that the Emperor of Austria and the five Kings of Prussia, Hanover, Bavaria, Saxony, and Wurtemberg, should concert measures for the settlement of the affairs of Germany, in which set- tlemeat it included the absorption of the minor principalities, and the concentratwon ot a federal army ot 40,000 men inthe neighborhood of Frank- fort, for the purpose of observing, and in case of need, controlling, the deliberations ot the German. Parlamest. This note ot Austria has not been published or avowed by that power. We have no certain knowledge of its authenticity; but it 1s a significant circumstance that such a suggestion should have been divulged, and imputed to Austria at Berlin, and the Austrian note, ot a subsequent date, which has been published, expressly adverts to some such proposition, which 13 alleged to have been fruitlessly made. The King ot Prussia lent noearto this scheme. He retused to consent to the mediation of the minor Princes whose inte- rests it has been his policy to protect, and whose territories, if divided, would serve mainly to in- crease the relative importance of his larger neigh- bors. He also foresaw that in such a congress of Kings, Pruesra wouid find herself in a constant mi- nority, being opposed by Hanover, Bavaria, Saxony, and Austria. The presentation and Hi paa of this note wa edily followed by the puolication of the Prussian declaration of the 23d of January, which we have already referred to; and this note was ac- companied with a plan tor reviving mutatis mu- tandis the old cireles of the Empire in the new Germanic constitution, on the basis of the present military divisions of Germany, by which means the minor States would retain a share of political influ- ence in the Diet of the Confederation. No sooner ad the Prussian note of the 23d of Janual reached Olmutz, than Prince Schwarzenberg an his colleagues determined upon a more open an- nouncement of their opinions; and on the 4th of February another note was transmitted to Frank- furt in the name of the Imperial government which removes all doubt as to the disposition ot Austria towards the leaders of that Convention. The Emperor repudiates, in the most direct lan- uage, the fundamental principle of their scheme. it must be borne in mind that whatever may be the result of the labors of the Franktort Assembly, the constitution produced by that body will require the assent of all the members of the existing Con- federation. At that stage the independent views of the several States will, ot course, recover their full weight, and Austria declares that “ whatever may be the oupse and colorings of the ‘and work o1 union, one thing iscertain—namely, 1s Majesty the Emperor and his goverament cannot but consider the creation of an unitarian central State as the source of the most fatal dissen- sions, which would tend to a diviston rather than to anunion ot Germany. But against a subordi- dination of His Majesty the Emperor under the central power, if it be conferred on any other German Prince, His Majesty the Emperor and his goverament at onee enter the most solemn of protests. This they owe to themselves; they owe it to Austria; they owe it to Germany.” Nor 1s Bavariaslow to respond to these senti- ments. On the 9th of February, M. Kolb, a maember ot the liberal party in the Bavarian | Chembers, declared that without Austria, Germany would bea mutilated empire, and on the same evening a public procession of the conservative tty in Munich proceeded by torch-light to the King’s palace, to protest against the iatroduction of what are termed “ the fundamental riglits” pro- claimed at Frankfort, and in tavor ot the main- tenance and independence ot the constitutional monarchy of Bavaria Amongst the Sovereigns ot Germany, nose enjoys a more deserved popularity than the young King of Bavaria, and the votes of the House of Representatives, recently convoked at Munich, express complete confidence in jhe Crown. We are curious to learn the effect of these dis- tinct intimations of the o,inion of Austria and | Bavaria (to which may be added Hanover, and | even Saxony, if that court were not enthra lied by | a revolutionary Assembly) upon the politicians of Frankfort. Even in the church of St. Paul, where | this anomalous Parliament is sitting, the presence | ofthe Austrian and Bav.rian deputies 19a practical | protest against that separation which has oddly enough been made the condition of unity. It that body of dissentients were actually expelled, the re- eult would only be, that the principle of indepen- dence which they represent would raise its } ' many, had no real existence at all but in the tacit | Ge i | i | hostile front to the will of the majority. But the time is fast passing away when the Frankfort Parhument could inumidate and command the governments of Germuny. It is now their turn to assert their rights, and we shall not be surprised to learn that ere long more decisive measures have been taken to en- force them. The distinctive character of the late German Diet was that its decisions being taken by the accredited representatives of the govern- | ments, were binding on those governments. The votes of the popular Assembly, which has super- seded the Diet, leave the governments uapledged and untouched, to deal as they may think fit with | such propositions ; and as the actual forces of | troops and money remain ia the hands of the separete governments, uatil they may have agreed | to surrender them, it is not difficult to perceive on | which side the practical strength of the country | lies. Atthe same time, we do not disguise trom ourselves the fact that the enthusiastic desire of the | German nation for political umity stiil burns with | extreme vehemence, and to secure the permanent | weltare and pexce ot the country, the sovereigns | of the respective States must devise means to frame the structure ot an imposing whole in Surope, and to remove the vexatious distinction of mere jocal accidents throughout Germany. Ocherwiee, if unhappily the Princes should come to be regarded es opstacles and not as means to promote the combinaten of national torees, the democrave party weuld enlist in its favor the par- tisnns of uvity; and the demolinoa of monarchy | might precede another attempt to frame a one and indivicible commonweaith or a federal republic, | | the East and West Indie: | needed at all, namely-atter his death, and after | higher than any ot the members. Affairs of Helland. { The States Gene:al ot Hoiland were epened on | the 13th ult. by the King, in person, acc +a. | by thy princes. The royal cortége was received with ‘loud ecolamations as it passed through the Streets to the Chamber. His Majesty proaeunced the following speech:— "Gentlemen of the First and Second Chambers of the States General, wd = Theee two Chambers, siuce doption Of the fundamental law, when modided, have aided me with conscivxticus care, and they merit my for the co-operation which they have afforded a: the period on which we are entering to-day. with pleasure. gentlemen. that around me late electio at to Its pout rights, and chat it di time, tc exerote them with calm. order—gentiemen, you will act im the aame spirit; mated with an ardent solicitude, freed from all preju- d.oe, you will labor with me for the well-being of our country. [am happy te inform you that a good iatel- ligence bas been waintaimed with the other States, notwithetanding the revolutions apd the war which | have upturned # great part of Europe, The relations of the ducby of Limburg wita the Germanio confede- Fation heve led to some difficulties which | hope, wth the support of existing treaties, to be able to remove However, tranquility and pubite order have beem main- teinedinthst duchy The army bas co operated in & praiseworthy manner in obtaining that result; aad [ cannot but admit the services which it bas rendered | there and elrewhere. When, last year, grave events bad revdered an augmentation necessary; that auz- mentation, ae weil as the subs+qoent diminutiea, have | proved that the Netneriaads can, without difflculty aud with poowptitude develope and restrict their Im consequence of the measures which have en, it Das been found unnecessary to touch a considerable rum ef the augmented credit allowed for the war bodget of 1848. Thies year the dimunitioa whieh this budget will undergo will be important. A limited system of defence will produce and con- solidate new economies, Our naval forces co! by the services which they render, to gi subject for eatisfaction, Agoonsiderable rei Of vessels of war hus be nt to OUF possuasio: odin order to more extended pretectton to trade, the we: of Africa—towards which quarter commer re being multiplied bas been vi 7 f war, and orders have aico been given fer ano | ther similar versei to pro to the morth west of America. A retisfactory tranquillity reigns in our | possessions in the East indies. Measures have been | taken torepair the eheok whish our arms, notwith- | standing the bravery of our troops, ha perienced at Bali Tranqu lity also prevails in our West (ndian | possessions. It lusc year it was troubled on some | pons, dt was also promptly re established. In regard. | ng the internal situation of ths kingdom, we find | there are many motives for satisfaction ; our beloved | countrymen continue to bs distinguished by their at- tachment to the principles of order, and fr respect for the lew and the constituted authorities. The commotions which have agitated Europe, have, it is true, exervised amongst us an influence unfavorable to commerce and indusiry; but scarcely did tran- quiility appear to be reectablisced, when the com- mercial and industrial movement was also revived. The present moment promises happier prospects for thefuture. Since the revision of the fundamental law, I have fixed my attention on the expences of the | State; on the means of diminishing them without | eny violent shock ; andon the laws required for the | complete execution of the fundamentai law. The | report presented to me by the Provisional Ministry, om the diminution of the expenses of the State, has al- ady given ocearion to realize some of the ideas then exposed. Thelaws necessary to the execution of the fundamental law are prepared in the liberal epicit of that constitution ; they shall be suo: ely presented | to you. The perturbation which the events of these | latter times causod in international relations, have bad an unfavori effect om the receipts of the Treasury; that influence will cause itself to be felt also this year, but in o smaller degree The interest ‘and the credit of the State demand that the charges of the moment sbould not be again carried to the future. in order that in better times, in presence of favorable results, all shall not be paralysed and ren- dered barren by the burden of the national charges. L 8 continue. ntlemen, with that union which gives strength. and with @ constant seal te labor for the well-being of our country, and the Almighty will bless our efforts, I deolare the present session of the States General to be opened ” The Schieswig-Holstein War. Eprtor Nsw York Heratp : {tis not for the finst time that I have addressed you, bearing upon the relative position of the European nations to each other. | In your article headed ‘ The Danish Nation and | the Schleswig-Holstein War,” you give a short outline of the supposed causes that led to the very serious difference between the mother country and her provinces ; but these causes are different from the real and genuine ones, and I feel myself called upon to correct you. Now, Mr. Editor, allow me to tell you, that Schleswig-Holstein have been, for more than 400 | years, provinces of Denmark, and governed by the ing of Denmark, bearing the title of Dnke of Schleswig Holstein, being represented by a Stadt- halter, who, unul the outbreak of the present war, Tesided in the city ot Schleswig, in the so name duchy. Under King Frederick the first, the union took place, after many battles being fought, -in which, moot times, the Schleswigers werejsuccess- ful; they at laet came to think that they would not do better than live peaceably together, and made atreaty to the effect that, as long as the then reigning houee existed in the male line, it should bear the title of Duke of Schleswig and Holstein, and govern these countries, which were also to | enjoy the same privileges as Denmark itself, or any of its other provinces. This treaty was con- firmed under the tamous King Frederick III, and | has been considered valid and binding, as also agreeable to both perney up to the last years of the net of the Jate King Christian VIL, who, in his 561 Bhat left_as on! 5 ¢ issue @ son, the now reign- ing King Frederick IL. This man, the last of his line, the last descendant of a line of famous ancestors, was naturally anxious to extend his race, end married early; but not getting any issue with his wife, an Augustexburg princess, he sued for a divorce, obtained it, and married, shortly aiter, a Meklenburg pec who also bore him no children. This all took place during the reign of the late king, and attracted the notice of a num- ber of demagogues in Sch!eswig, Rendsburg, and Kiel; and thiee years betore the death of Christian V11, numerous pamphlets appeared in the duchies, arguing the question, who wes to govern in the duchies of King Christian VII, and his son Fre- derick (the present king) were to die withoui male issue, This gave offence, and was warmly taken up by the Danes, and in 1845 King Christian brought forth his tamous “open letter,” stating the concern he felt on such a question being thus publicly com: mented upon before his death, and that of his son, then | in the prime of manhood. He told the duehies that their rights should not be infringed, and gave his opinion that Schleswig could never be severed from Denmark, and that the possession ot Holstein had been guaranteed to his family by Russia and England, in 1788 or ’89. ‘This latter assertion, though an undisputed fact, was certainly very toolish to be made public, there being plenty of time for1ts publication in case it was his aon giving upall hope of getting male issue. Asit was, he now gave those demagogues a chance of being noisy, and they did not neglect this oppor- | tunity, but protested against the “open letter,” and epplied at once to the Diet of Frankfort for protection of their mghts. The subject was in- troduced into the Baden Chamber ot Assembly, wheie Mr. Fred. Hecker and other distinguishe men delivered very elaborate opinions on it, as- serting the nghts of the duchies, and stirring up the flames to an outbreak, In the meanwhile it must be remembered that the king had granted the | duchies all privileges they asked {or The had each their own Parliament, and the foyal Commissioner who attended it was in rank no Acts passed in those parliaments with the sanction of the com- missions, were carried into effect. The Hol- steiners were allowed to build a railroad from Al- | tona to Kiel, and tae king found a great part of the money; all old statutes were revised, the cri- | minal law reformed; 1n short, no person could find | acomplaint which was not attended to. But all this wus not sufficient tor these few ambitious men, who, in want of any other occupation, found it either profitable, or a pleasure, or ratifying to | their vanity, to renew the old feud. On apply- | mg for a free piss and obtaining it, they employs ed it in publishing threats against government, | and creating the most bitter feeling among the | two countries. The Danish press, instead of treating their hostilities with contempt, retorted, | end When matters stood thus, the old much ea- teemed king, Christian VIIL., suddenly died. Whatever may be the private character of his | son and successor, Frederick VII. (and much 18 said against it on, I dare say, good authority) he commenced his royal career, evincing a disposi- | tion of liberality towards the Duchies altogether | unprecedented in the annals ot history. His grants were manifold, and well calealated to € gender | better feeling amongst his German proviacials. | But it was to no purpose. Immediately after the | outbreak of the French revolution, Feb. 24th, '48, | and only one mouth after that, on the 24th of | March following. the former Stadthalder, his own cousin, Prince Frederick, of Schleawig-Sonder- burg mats nburg, took, at the head of a regi- rent of Jagers, the strong fortress of Readsburg, by acoup de mam, established a provisional go- vernment, and here commenced that dreadful war which has been wage ever since. | The writer of this iaa Dane by birtl vasin Detmark he outbreak of the war; was even, on the for a short time, engaged in ithimsell, and, theres | fore, cun epeak facts reiative to the disposition of the parties now opposed to each other in deadly stite, The Daves vear thea German opponeats no but show merely a determination to re- the dominion over these provinces tll, at t, by the death of the present king, without | leaving a male hei, the contract ered into 1s Jegaily dissolved. Ninestentus of ihe population | ot Schieswig-Holstein feit most comtortavle wader | the old government, and curse the originators of the war, but cannot now retract, partly from very fear ot their Prussian and Hanoverian auxiliaries, and partly frem having, in the firat excitement of the Prince’s success against the Danes, furnish- ed him with money and ammunition, and thereby committed themselves. Their feeling was best shown, whea, on the Danes entering Flensburg, a town where nothing but the German language 1s spoken, they united with them, and drove the very Tmans away, the Flensburg women pouring beiling oil on the heads of the unfortunate Ger- mans. Here a friend of mine (a German) fell, murdered by his own countrymen. I must still add that the northern part «t Schles- ‘Wig is quite Danish, where the people do not un- derstand a word of German ‘These would Rot, under any consideration, be under German govera- ment, and are the hottest in the strife. It is to be pitied that the two parties were not svflered to fight 1t out alone, without any intere vention; but let it be understood that the Hol- steiners had the aid of the Prusvians as early as Apni 6, last year; whereas the Danes sought no assistance tll July, when all Germany crowded | upon it, Engiand and Russia are favorable to the views Denmark takes of the case, and I will not here discuss the merits of their guarantee, which, though binding, appears to me by no means legal. In case the present King, Frederick VII, dies without male issue, the dominion of the duchies devolves upon the Emperor Nicholas, of Russia, in his quahty es an Oldenburg magnate. He, however, has resigned in favor of Prince Frederck ot Hessen, who married his daughter, since dead This prince 1s the head of the temate line of the preeent house of Denmark, aud will probably suc- ceed Frederick VII. on the Damish throne. By the resignation of Emperor Nicholas he will therefore alo legally retain the dominion over the duchies. At the treaty of Vienna, Norway was exchanged for the Dusedom ot Lauenburg, ;not Schleswig- Holstein, as you erroneously sated. These coun- ries were quite lett as heretofore. Though I am deeply interested in the success of the Danes, I yet hope that the right cause will triumph, and I consctentiously believe this to be on the Danish side. Ong or your Constant Danis READERS. The Postal Arrangement with Bremen. The report ofthe Postmaster General, commu- nicated to Congress on the 6th instant, sets forth | the basis of the postal arrangement concluded some time sinee with the government of Bremen. Frem his it appears that privileges and advantages have been obtained by our government, which will tend | greatly to facititate the mail intercourse between | our people and those ot the German States. By an exchange of mails hag of reciprocal accommoda- n ree and unrestricted as those by which our domestic system 1s carried through the States of the Union. The American mails, con- veyed in our steamers, are received at the mouth ot the Weser, some forty miles below the city of Bremen, whence they are conveyed by the Bremen government, free of charge, their postage be:ng remitted on our mails, and all mails sent to an from this country, under the new arrangement. On the German hines beyond Bremen the mails to and from the United States are conveyed at uniform rates, even lower than the range of their own inland postage rates, and full fitty per cent lower than the rates fixed by some of the German States in their arrangements with other nations. By the new arrangement, the Bremen Post Office becomes an ageat of our Post Office department, not only for the distribution and forwarding of our mails, but for the collection and payment of all American postages that may be prepaid or col- lected in Germany, at the same commiasion tha tis is allowed to our 6wn local postmasters. In like munner the Bremen department will collectand pay ever to the several European governments partici- pating im the arrangement, their postage money which may have been prepaid or collected in the United States. _The privilege of sending correspondence from either country to the other, with the postage unpaid or prepaid, at the option of the sender, either in whole or in part, has been arranged with all parts of Germany, except the Austrian dommions, Ba- varia and Baden. As soon as the government of Bremen can secure this privilege for itself from these poveceeas, or any others in Europe, the United States are to be allowed to participate in the arrangement. In short, the new treaty has ef- fected all between Germany and the United States that has been accomplished by the recent postal ar- rangement between the United States and Great Britain. Below will be found a hiet of all the fo- reign postage rates as adjusted by the Bremen at- rangement, which may be fis atl In this country or not, at the option or the sender. The list is copied trom the official report:— BREMEN LINE. 1,—Foreign Postage—to be charged in addition to American Postege. 1, Alona...... Gcents. Narsau . the new arrangement, been efi-cted on terms ton, almost as free ++12 cents, . Oldenburgh .... do . Prussia, (kingdo: and provinces).12 do Reuss .........12 do Saxe Altenburgh 12 do Sexe Metningen.12 do the-Main. ...12 do Saxe Weimar...12 do Gotha.......12 do Saxony (king- Hamburgh... 6 do dom).........12 do Hanover..... 6 do Schaumburg HeeseHamburg 12 do Lippe........12 do Kiel.......-.11 do SchwartzburgRei- Lippe Detmold12 do dolstadt......12 do Lubec ......9 do Schwartzb’g Sun- Mecklinburg derhausen....12 do Sohwerin....12 do Wurtemburg(k’g- Mecklinburg dom).........12 do Strelitz.....12 do Single letters to the above named places limited to half an ounce in weight, and postage may be prepaid or left unpaid, or the United States pastage alcne may be prepaid, at the option of the sender. 2. Denmark-—Copenhegen and furthest parts.22 cents. Norway—Bergen, Christiana and farthest st. Petersburg or Cronst: Sweden--Stockholm and farthest To the above named places 1n table 2, to the single letter; U should be prepaid. 8, Alexandria. . .. 26.5 eee ee es eee eee e87 conte, Austria, (empire and provinces,).. pe Badden. tate eee eeeeee parts of Switzerland. , half ounce nited States postage only « « « « “ « « Basle and other Bavaria. Cairo...» Constantinopl Greece... tones Italy. eastern towns of. oe lB In table 3, quarter eunce to the single letter; | United States postage only should be pre-paid. 4. Newspapers and printed matter one-fourth of the letter rates, and to be placed in narrow bands, without any writing whatever on them. Il, UNITED STATES POSTAGE. 1. Letter packet postage 18 24 cents single letter, not exceeding half an ounce, in addition to inland, which 1s 5 or 10 cents, according to distance—-can be eepein or left unpaid, ac- cording to the places to which addressed. (See the foregoing lists, and the remarks ac- company ing them.) 2, Newspaper and pamphlet packet postage 3 cents each, in addition to inland, which is 24 cents for each pamphlet not exceeding 1 ounce, and 1 cent tor each additional ounce or fraction, and 3 cents a newspaper—must be pre-paid in all cases. R. Hopnig, First Assistant P. M. General. received files of From Havana —We yesterda: he oaly news of Havana papers to the 3d inst. interest 18 from Yucatan. From a letter, published in the Gaceta de la Hu- bana, of the 28th ult., dated Merida, Feb. 12, we learn that, on the previous day, at five in the mor- ning, the Indians charged upon the town of Sabin in large numbers, keeping upa lively and well sus- tained fire. The commandant of the place, Don Juan de la C-uz Salazar, placed himself at the head of a force and started out to Ate them battle. After a fight of three hours, in which both parties contended desperately for victory, the Indians abandoned the field, and dispersed in all directions through the woods. Senor Salazar is aay com- mended for his gallantry, and received a severe and dangerous wound while far in advance of bis troops. One sergeant and two soldiers were killed and 81x soldiers wounded. The loss of the In- dians was said to be considerable.—N. O. Delta, March 10. Yucaran.—By the last arrival from Yucatan, we have intelligence that, in consequence of the scarcity of breadetufls, and particularly corn, Go- vernor Barbachano had issued a decree, orderin; that description of grain to be admitted free o| duty and of all other government ers for one year from the date of decree—N. O. Delta, March 1. Naval Inteiligence, The United States frigate Kurita: owing to the bad weather, did to sen till Tuesday, the 13th in in a litt of her offt M Page. Eq, capte! jeut. and executive cMoer; William T Muse, 2d do; Wm. A Parker, 30 do.; Thomas B. Huger. 4th do; James 8 Ridgely, 6th do; D. S, Edwards, surgeon of the fleet; John A. Bates, purser; Francis Alexander, acting J. C A n Young. Midehipm ke, John W. Riddell, Wm BM lie, Trevett Abbott, Carton Brat Horney. onptain’s clerk; John 7. Gregson, Mi do.; Joseph Lewis, boatawain; Andrew A Wm. Lee, sarpenter; Jacob Stepher Norfolk Beacon, Merch 17. ail the 4th of March, Matwg.--2 David Tillson, 4th Congressional Dietriet. Joseph Stevens, 6th do. do. New Hamrsuies.--1. John P. Sherburn, 1st Congressional District. Wm. Dwight Soo Osh Cousrcpoeonal District 'm. Dwight, Jr., oug ressi ona! ict. Thomas W. Ciapp, 7th do. do. Conngcrticut.—2, Robt. O. Tyler, lst Congressional District. Thos. J. English, 4th do. do. Ruopg [s.anp.—(No vacancy.) Vermont —1, Daniel A. Chipman, 3d Congressional District. Thomas P. Hewitt Ish Congressional District. jas EF’. Hewitt, 12th Congressional District La Rhett Livingston, 1th do. do James Wright, 15ch do. do. John Davenport, 18th do. do. Joseph Spratt, 19th do. do. John rown, 20th do. do. oe reqareenes zach do. do. pj. F. Chamberlain, 28th do. do. Alex. Chambers, 31st do, do. a on ney Uc Seno oTRe andy, lst Congressional District. Benj. F. Smith, 8d iiss a Mark F. Leavenworth, 5th do. do. ss PENNSYLVANIA.—5. Lewis H. Pelouze, 34 Congressional District. Augustus H. Plummer, 7th do. David P. Hancock, Ith do. do. Nelson B. Switzer, 18th do. do. Milo R. Adams, 200: do. do. Dguawarx.—(No vacancy.) Maryiann —(No vacancy.) Virainia —9. Henry H. Walker, lst Coogressional District. John R. Chambliss, Jr., 2d do. do. Ferdinand C. Hutter, 4th do. do. Thomas M Jones, 7th do. do. George A. Handley, 8th do. do. Walliam Craighill, 10th do. do. Wilham R. Ternll, 12:h_ do. do. Connolly F. Litchfield,13th do. do. Wm. Dent, 15th do. do. Norra Caronina.—1. Jozeph P. Jones, 3d Congressional District. Sourn Carouina.—1.__ Allston, 4th Congressional District. Grorgia.—4, 4 Henry T. Latham, 4th Congressional District. Owen F. Solomon, 5th lo. do. James H. Bowen, 7th do. de. William R. Bogge, 8th do. do. . Kenrucky.—2. ‘ William K. Peyton, 2d Congressional District. John Hood, 9th do. lo. TRNNESSEE.--3. _ 4 ——— Wilhs, Ist Congressional District. James D. McFarland, 2d do. do. Reuben R. Ross, 9th do. do. 3 Onto.—7. Wilham J. Sawyer, 5th Congressional District. Jas. B. MePherson, 6th do. do. Joshua W. Sill, 8th do. do. Robert F, Hunter, 9th do. do. Wm. Mclaure Dye, Mth do. do. Thos. W. Vincent, Ith = do. do. Elmer Otis, 21st do, do. Loursiana.—(No vacancy.) Inprana.—3. Edmund C. Jones, 5th Congressional District. Thomas Hight, 6th a0 des o. William Craig, 7th Iniinors --3. James D. Burns, Ist Congressional District. Joseph A. Crain, 3d jo. do. John Schofield, 6th do. do. ‘ Mississirer.—3. Jobn Mullins, Ist Congressional Distriet. Sampson H. Harris, 2d do. do. Nathl.G. Robards, 3d do. do. ALaBaMa,--3. z Chester C. Du Bose, 24 Congressional District. John F. de Graflenreid, 4th do. do. Sulas P. Higgins, 6th do. do. ‘ Missourt —-2. five George R. Bissell, let Congressional District. Jesse Cravens, 5th do. lo. Micuiaan.—1. Thomes W. Wells, 2d Congressional District. Anxansas.—(No vacancy.) _ Froripa—l. James L. White. Texas—2. Horace Randall, 1st Congressional District. James B. McIntyre, 2d lo. lo. lowa--l. 3 Wm. W. Lowe, 2d Congressional District. isconsin—1. ; Alex. S. Hooe, 2d Congressional District. District or Cotumpta—(No vacancy.) At Larar—10. 1. Wilham Kearny, son of Gen. Kearny. . Francis John Shunk, of Pennsylvania. . Robert B. Campbell, ot Tennessee. Thos. M. Stuart, of South Carolina. Walworth Jenkins, of New York. Thos Wilson ot District of Columbia. . Daniel J. Boyle, of Maryland. . Jamer=B. Polk, of Georgia. . Robert W. Keyworth, of Dist. of Columbia. . Peyton H. Colquitt, of Georgia. ; Cuicago, March I, 1849. Mineral Wealth— Town of Ottaioa—Iron and Coa Mones, &c., &c. A few weeks ago I noticed an article in the Chi- cago Journal relative to the mineral wealth of Ihnois, and particularly of the vast coal field of the Illinois river. Although coal has been known to exist there, its importance has been overlooked, in a great mea- sure by our citizens, as only partial means have been used to develope this mine of wealth. Busioees recently led me to Ottawa, an enter- prising town of some three thousand inhabitants, on the Illinois canal, at the confluence of the Fox with the Illinois river, and on the northern verge of this great coal field. Having a little leisure at the moment, I availed myself of the opportunity to make a semewhat critical examination of the coal strata, in whichfevery facility was rendered by Mr. Delano, the gentlemanly proprietor of the City Hotel, who, by the way, is something of a geolo- gist himself. Whoever has passed trom Chicago to the Mississispi by the canal and Illinois river, must have been struck with the peculiar geological character of the country. A = Every indication shows that a mighty river once poured its flood through this channel, and there is noreasonable deubt that this was once the outlet, at least of Lake Michigan, and p rhaps of the whole chain of our inland seas. In the dry bed of this river coal 1s found at Otta- wa, sometimes within two or three feet of the surface ot the ground, as well as on the bluffs above. This strata is only eighteen to twenty inches thick, and although it burns freely in stoves and grates, 1s mixed wita sulphuret of iron, which not only burns out the Leet and leavesa great Tesidium in the shape of cinders, but slakes and crumbles, on exposure to the air. This coal is obtained by stripping, or throwing off the earth which covers it, and splitting off blocks with wedges. It was supposed that a better quality existed in this region, and examinations were made on the south side of the Illinois river, in the high bluffs, opposite Buffalo rock.— The country there is undulating, with mu- ral precipices and deep ravines, and the re- sult of the research was the discovery of a ceal mine, equal in quality to any bituminous coal in Europe or America. Thismine 1s owned by Messrs. Delano & Ellsworth, 18 situated about twenty roda from the mouth of a rivine, is nearly three feet thick, and has a superincumbent structure of slate nearly an hundred feet over it. Afterrunning a drift in an easterly direction about a hundred feet, they came toa solid mass of coal without seams or dislocations, and so hard that it could be obtained only by blasting. Prospects have been made in va- rious places, aod coal tound at every trial; and there 18 no doubt but that this mine extends hrovgh every foot of one hundred acres of land, easy of access, and only about a mile from the ca- nal. It burns as freely as wood, and when the bitu- men is exhausted, resembles masses of wood coal more nearly than any | ever saw. Indeed, | was told that it coutd be used for boiling meat as freely as charcoal. What tke value of this immense de- posit must be, can only be approximated by cal+ culation. They get at least two tons of coal for eve equare yard. Reduce an acre to yards, say "13,000, multiplied by 2, fives the enormous product of 87,200 tons of coal to the single acre. The expense of getting out coal whiie running the drift, as all miners know, is nearly double to what it is when ready to chamber off, and corts here about one dollar per ton; and the whole cost et delivery on the cunal bank 1s now about a dol- lar and a halt; though when their dritt 1s fully ran it Wigan can be put on to the canal bank for one dollar per ton. The expense of transportation to Chicago, including tolls, 18 one dollar per ton ; which, at present prices in our city ($5 50) yields, a8 you see, a large profit. In estimating the value of such property, there is no eum which can be put down, and were | to say one hundred thousand dollars, it would be within the truth, for the coal 18 there. SCONOMHReD ~ 49, Made Prior to, , _ suspended eperations for the present for want ef means. _ There are many facts conected with the subject, interesting not only to the geologist, but the capi- talist; but the length of this commuaication will Dot permit me to dwell upon them at this time. It is enouvh to show, however, that we have the ele- ments of wealth within our borders. Cc. W.R. Priyza Patxa, Mosquito Territory, Central America, Jan. 16, 1849. } The Natwes—The Products of the Soil~ The Enmglsh, &e. &. After a short passage from Jamaica, we have arrived at that part of the Spanish Main termed the Mosquito Shore. The vessel cannot approach the coast, owing to the bar, which extends some distance to the south of this place. At my present writing I am abous two miles in the interior, ata clearing om the Prinza Palka river, which extends some 200 miles threugh the country. The Indians are in a state of semi-barbarism, and seem a trao- table and quiet race. They subsist by fishing and hunting, and on the tropical fruits and plaats: the plantain is the pringipal source of sustenance, and grows here 1a great abundance ; also the cassada, which takes the place of the potato, and 18 consi- dered very nutritious. In Sher most of the West India plunts and fruits abound here—the covoa, o1ange, pine apple, &c. ‘The country, as you «now, is under the English laws at present, and has een since the collision with the Spaviaris, some eight moatha since, when St Johns was taken by the English. They are under the nominal sway of a King, but the English flag floats beneath that of the Mosquito, at the seat of government, which 13 at Blewfields, which place I shall visit ia a few days, and write you a description of the court, The face ot the couatry here is level and very beautitul. As you ate paddled up the river in one of the Indian canoes or dories, as the natives call them, the tiees grow thick on the banks of the river, and extend their branshes far into the stream; the maugrove, especially, attracts the eye, from the singular quality of shooting its branches into the river from the extreme end of ita boughs, which again take root and make a grove aloug the shore. Birds of bright plumage start from every grove, and the banana-hird, trom its wild seream, attracts your attention first; it iso called from its bright yellow plumage, resemoling the ripe banana, the trees of which abound here, and grow wild.) acaws and parrots chatter at you, aod the whole scene is vocal with mingled sounds. Everything is in bloom the year rouad, and at this season the heat at times is oppressive. It wt did not occupy too much space in your columns, Liane be tempted to describe the habi- tation of Mr. H——, where I am domiciled ; he bas resided here five years, and has given me much valuable information regarding the couatry ; he is ap Englishman. There are few or no Americans on the coust; I will simpiy say, that the house in which I swing my hammock at present, is built of papta, resembling bamboo, and thatched with swallow-tail or cocoa branches, the carpet such aa Dature weaver ; but notwithstanding the loss of many luxuries, the profusion of good living makes it comfertable—turtle and fish are standing dishes here—the latter of excellent flavor. Aftera look at Blewfield’s, | will be better en- abled to give you a correct account of the country. > D.P San Miavet, Centrat AmERica, Dee, 2, 1843. The Encroachments of the English—Thetr Claims —The Blockade—The Troubles iw Honduras. I believe there 1s not a corner of the world left— not even this distant side of the Pacific—where you have not correspondence, and it is gratityiag to your readers to know, at the same time, throuzh your columns, that the great banks of Newfound. land are being fished by orders of her Majesty, as well as the shores of the Pacific on this Central American coast. Her Majesty’s frigate of the line Champion, entered the port of Union on the 19th instant, and yesterday orders were received from her commander that the port was in a state of blockade; so you may easily imagine how we are fixed, just in the terminus of the fair, which 18 al- ways held in this town in November, and just at the time when there are six or seven vessels in port, from Lima, Valparaiso, Guayaquil, &c., and whose cargoes are now in this city, consisting of indigo, hides, cochineal, &c This goverament owes some $60,000 to English subjects, and the Enghieh claim $66,000, which has caused the dif- ference. This government wants to pay in two years—the English want them to pay now Thistyo- vernment says that the Mr. Right’s claim (an Eng- lishman, who lost 1n the last war, when General Guadiola entered here four yeats ago) 18 not just. The: my his claim ovghtto be $400. So much for English claims. The whole of Hondurasis ina state of war. General Santos Guadiola has taken Comyagua. Ferrera has retired. Gen. Guidio'a igsned his proclamation on the 22d instant, in these terms, or to this eflect:— “ Citizens and friends—Onee more the tyrant hie caused me to take the sword in hand: tyranny and Oppression isin the land. «itt; help me te pat down tl ‘yrent. and let liberty and the rights of the people govern the land © Prevacarya, Nov 22. 8.a.” I fear this State will be the victim of the wars, as it isthe most enlightened of all, and has the most commerce. Guadiola has been ia San Mi- pe once before, and he may wish to visit it again. he blockade may last six moaths—no one knows. We have some 500 ceroons of indigo to ship, but 1am afraid cannot do so soon. q Excuse the haste with which I have given you this intelligence, as [am somewhat busy now, and send you this by means of mule teers, who [| am. Seen eee despatching at this moment for Omoa, with indigo, for, your city of cities—the great and the beautiful metropolis of the new world, whose sky-hke bay anno be surpassed, even by the celebrated Na- ples. ‘Vancouver’s IsLann —The grant of Vancouver's Island to the Hudson Bay Compa id the plans for its immediate colonization, have been pub- lisned. The stipulation made by the goverament ig, that settlements shail be forthwith formed, aad that all profits trom sales of land or the workin of minerals beyend 10 per cent, shall be applie towards the colonization and improvement of the island. The terms presented to emigraats by the company are analogous to what have Seen pro- posed in other instances, with the exception that the great advantage is offered of grants ofland as small os 20 acres. The company retain the right to oli minerals that may be found; but coal, where 1t is discovered on the land ofa settler, may be worked by him at a royalty of 28 6d. per ton. There 1s to bea governor and a couacil of seven members appointed by the Crown, together with a House of Assembly, elected by the inhabitants (20 acres of land being the electoral qualification) and the legislature thus constituted will have full power to impose taxes aad regulate the affairs of the island. The ports and harbors are to be free to all natio GvaremMaLa.—The resignation of the President, D. Jose Bernardo Escobar, has not been aceepted. News to the 29th December declares the capital, the city of Guatemala, in a etate of siege. It was surrounded by 4,000 of the insurgents of the moun- tains, with whom the government pro) id to treat on the most humiliating terms, but the conditions were rejected. General Paredes had been forced to abandon the city of Quesaltenango, and the in- turgents had offered his troops the privileg» of sacking the capital. It was supposed that the city would goon surrender. An Otp Nza@ro.—James Cooper, a negro man, of Jeflerson county, Virgina, died on Tuesday last, atthe venerable age of 91 years He was quite intelligent, being able to read fluently. When the Free Press and Farmers’ Reposttory were consoli- dated, in 1827, his name was found on the sub- scription book, his date commencing in 1809, and continuing until 1843, when his eye-sight tailed bim. He paid hiv subscription in brooms ; and, though blind, made brooms to the time of his death.——Charlestown (Va.) Free Press, March 10. Prospects or Navigation.—We look for the full opening of navigation by the middle of Aprl— which 18 sufficiently early for the interests 0: the shipping. The lower part of our harbor is becom ing clear, and we look daily for the entire removal of the ice from the creek. The absence of snow, however, and the small quantity of rain which hai fallen this season, have prevented a treshet, which usually sweezs the ice trom the creek in the spring. The works the canal between thie city and Black Rock are rapidly approaching completion, and we are assured that they will be ready tur ser- vice a8 800N as Davigation is resumed uyan the Inkes, or as will be sate to let the water into the canal.--Buffaly Commercial Advertiser, March 15. Tur Tacrorarn iv Germany —Two great tele. Another interesting geological feature, of Ottawa is its eulphurand salt springs, The former are common in many plices, and have been used suc- cessivily in various disorders. The later are about filty rods below Delano & Ellsworth’s coal mine, So strongly impregnated is the earth with saline particles, thet for hult # mile in extent, litte or no vegetation grows. Salt, equalto any made in Syracuee, has been made bere for experimen, and | agentierien of Ottawa hos bored to the depth of | ene bavdred and forty feet for salt water; but has | grephic lines which were begun last year, are now about to be completed. One of these lines goes from Berlin, by Magdebon rg, Hanover and Minden, to Cologne, and trom there to the frontier of Bel- « m. The otherextends from Berlin, by Coethea, alee, Eisenach and Cassel, to Fraukfort on the Main, The establishment of three other tele~ aphic lines will be begun shortly, viz:—1, From fer into Stettin. 2. From Berlin to Hamburg ; and 3. From Berlin, through Breslau, to the Aus+ trian frentier.