The New York Herald Newspaper, February 1, 1849, Page 1

“MORN NG EDITION----THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 1849. THIRTIETH CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION. Senate. Wasnine tox, January 29, 1849, THE NEW TERRITORIES—THE NEW BILL. Pending the dirporal of the morning buetaess of peti- ‘tions, rerelution ts from committees, Mr Doverass, the select co umittne of revan. to whom hsd been assigned the recommitment of the bills, amendments, and re) in reference to previous amendmen! porte a reference to ll, which pro- tially the follow! ndaries and iJ ticles of Sores ent for tae territories of and 2 1. The bill provides that all the territory within the Great Basin. or Ds t of California, includi: Iso the Sierra Nevada wounteins, and the beautiful vatioy of Sen Josquin and Sacramento, wi vede. tov hall comettt whieh form the eastern boundary of the Great Basin im a south westerly direction till it reaches the southern end of the Sierra Nevada, it takes a line aorors to the Pacific. 2 The residue of the territory lying west of the Rocky Mountains, and extending to the dividing ridge “ef the Great Basin, and including the line of the (ils, ‘and embracing the great Colorado river aud its tribu- taries, and pursuing the southwestern rim of the Great Basin os the northern boundary, to its termination in the Pacific, is to be added to the present territory of New Mexico, which lies east of the Rooky Mountains all of which territory, extending from Texas to the P. cific ocean, shall be left subject to be formed hereafter into another State, to be called the State of New Mexioo, or by such other name as may be given to ic This subdivision will give rome two degrees of lati- tude on the Pacific to the proposed State of New Mexico, the boundary running northeasterly from the Pacific, along the outside dividing ridge of the great Basinito the 42d paralle!, near the Rocky Mountains; so that, while the State ef New Mexico will havea width of two degrees on the Pacifis, including the har- ber ef San Diego, it will be some twelve or thirteen degrees of latitude in width at its eastern extremity, and twelve or thirteen degrees in length from fexas to the Pacific. T fate of California, propesed, is more com- pact, embracing some 275 000 square miles of territory; ‘while the proposed State of New Mexico. with the pro- pored addition of territory from Culifornia, will in’lude ‘at leaet 300,000 square miles of territory. Of the State of California the basin of San Francisco, or the gold region, along the Pacific, some 90,000 square miles comprehends, except the Mormon the Salt Luke, in the Great Basin, the hal 01 said State as proposed to be laid ous. Of the proposed State of New Mexico, the irrigated Margins of the Rio Grande, and an oasis or two along the Vila river, comprehend the arable lands; leaving, ac least, as the aggregate of wilderness in both States, area of some 400,000 square miles of s compact bald volcanic mountains, deep voloanio chas: yoloanic springs, and intervening plains of Ba voleanic debris—a region, as described by Livat. ‘ol Fremont, of voloanic action, fracture, viclence, fire. ‘The boundary between Texas and New Mexico to be settled by the Supreme Court. 4. The bill provides for calling a convention of the people of California, tor laying it off into election dis- tricts tor judges, &o , wud for the urganization by the people, in convention, of a State conecicution—the question of slavery to be left to their discretion. 5. Appropriates $100 000 for contingent expenses in the said preliminary proceedings for the organization of a State government for Caliternia. The bill, except in the partition of the territories, is subs(antially thesause in its leading features, a8 the bills heretofore introduced and given to the public at length. WHITNEY’S RAILROAD. Mr. Nies spoke of the importance and necessity of ® railroad to the Pacific, and moved to take up the Dill. lying over from the last session, providing for such a railroad, according to the plan of Mr. Whit- ne: ds Wonihics suggested the prepriety of superseding the bill by ® joiuc resolution providing for offic! surveys under the direction of the War Department, 80 a6 to ascertain the most feasible route, the cost, Ko. Mr. Foorr thought that a which had be endorsed by ninewen or twenty State Legislatures, was entitled to the respectful consideration ef the Se- Bate. He was, therefore, favor of the bill being taken up; berides, he kad an amendment which he de- sited to offer to the bill. Mr. Boxtann was opposed to the projet of Mr. Whit- ney. The route of this gigantic speculation lay along a@ region which, for 1,200 miles, was destitute of wood and water; while im the mountains through which it the enow lies to a great depth for one-half f the tae one object of his amendment to provide for the ‘was to change the route. ‘Mr. Bouaxp ught it best fi pealed for the consideration of the bill; Deesure, in addition to the recommendation of nine- ty State legislatures, committees of both houses of Congress had reported favorably upom the general project of Mr. Whitney. Tne Senator from [1- dinois (Mr. Breese), not now in his seat, made a fayora- bie repert upon tov measure. Mr Bontaxnn—The Senator from Illinois has since made a more thorough examination of the subj ehanged his whole opinion in reference to the of Mr. Whitney. Mr. Foore—fbe Senator from Illinois is of age, and ean speak for himself; and whether he abandons his report or not, abie aud eloquent amd strong as it is, there is the report, and there it will stand. Mr Foote contended that the measure was entitled tos full and fair discussion. in which he was prepared to meet the opponents of the enterprise. Mr. Urtam-—I un tand the object of the Senator is to take up the bill and assign a day for its considera- tion, Mr. Foorr—Nothing elee in the world. Mr. Urnan—And that he has an amendment to offer. Mr Foors—Yes, sir, to be printed. The bill was taken up,and Mr Foote proposed his amendment, providing for a rovte more southerly than that of Mr. Whitney Mr Boaranp submitted an amendment striki: all of the bill, and providing for official surve: & view to ascertain the most practicable route to the Pacific for Irom The amendments were erdered to be printed, and the bill was ma: peeial order for Monday next. THE PANAMA RAILROAD, On motion of Mr. Benton, the Semate took up the Dill providing for compensation to Messrs Aspinwall, Stevens & Co , for transportation of puolic stores, ko., and the United States mails, over the Isthmus of Pana- ma by raliroa Mr Dovaxas, with the concurrence of Mr. Benton, submilted the following as a substitute for the bill :— Strike out allafter the enacting clause, and insert the toilowing:— Be ivenacted byte 8 the United Siater Secretary of the ¢ to enier mto m contra A and House of Representatives of ion in Congress assembled. Trat he hereby 16, authorized and direot- m dovait of the United States, with L. St:puens, and Honry Coauncey, tor the transportation by steam of PP uding trops, munitions «f war, ary y, Publis stores, the mails of the United Staten, and ‘ali persons in their ew ployment, to rd fro over a railroad to be nairucted by then aud their ‘acavciates serose the Isthmus of frou the Atiantic to the racific oc an: Provided, that ym. ‘o be paid fer sued transportation shail not e: uf two hundved nnd fifty thousand dollars per provided, that no payment under euch contract sbal de tuade until said.railroad shail be vo fr advanced as vo permit said trensportation scrom the Isthmus of Panama wholly by mn powrr: And provided, furtoor, Wat the contract to to je 4 pursuance to this act shall require the said raUrvsd to be three montis, and ve completed within three f the contract. - nacved, That the aid contract shail i & tariff of yAces for the transpor. zens of the Unt os, wad of atl persons Wuo may arrive at the barbura cr at the depots of said or enrolled veseels of the United Statev; and «008. warts, aud merchandise which may be conveyed to bors and depots ef raid rynd im regtarered or encol'ed vem. fh Toad. in regis: for ye United states vis:—For a T to com plarion of waid road, at are per head tor pastengers, snd freight. From and sfter five years from the com. road. at a rate not oxooeding five dolfars per head tor passengers, five dul srs per ton for freight; from avd after ten yeors trom the completion fate 10x0, at wrate not exceoding fonr dollars hood for pasengors, avd four dollars per ton t-r tieight; and Fiom soda (er Stiorn jeate from the ooupiction of eaid road at ¢ dvllare per head for parsengers and grees may, at ave been complowd a \ 8 ary t me after the eperation ten years, rewind te fo which case the tariff here Provided, that Von r to 4 eball ov for freig said ro iiroad Aepote Of tho rnid yoad in United Staies and aii freig! hal) be travsporied ovar rvid yoadin the the time of arrival, At lenst throe fonr’he at the wtock of tha raid road shail, at all tanes, Le owned by citizens of the United Buter, With some conversation between Messrs Webster, Dougiaes. Benton, and King. upon mere point of order, the bill was leid aside for the dey, eubject to be taken up again on.a srotion for its consideration. ENOIAN BILL, On motion of Mr Arurnton, the Senate took up the bill proviling for the support of the adian tribes moder the protection of the government & the United States, Mr Beet proposed ao amendment, apprepriating #1,281,(00 for payment of the Cherokee uatios, under the treaty stipulations of 1646 The amendment wae debated at great length by Merern Bell, Atherton, Bright, Bradbury, awd.oiers; when it wus agreed to— 26 to 13, And the Senate adjourned, House of Ke presentatives, Wasainoton, Jan, 29, 1849. RAILROAD TO THE PaciFIC Mr. Po.rock—I move that the bill providing for # railroad to the Pacific, according to the plan of M: Whitney, be taken up, fer the purpose of making it | ial order. (* Otyect.” “1 objee! He moved that the roles be surpended. (* What fa the bill?’ Mr. Kavrman—I would ask if it be mot in order to ask that the rerolution be read? The Sreanen—The reading of the resolution is ealled for. The Cirnm readit: that the bill te set apart, for Mr, Whitney, » portien of the lie Innde. for the sonstruction of @ rallroad from Lake Michigan to the Pacific, be made the order of the day for the first Tues- sop. im February next. ir. K ‘4an—Io the resolution debatable t —It ie not yet before the House. The question suspending the rules. The Hous) wl come to order. The question wastaken, and the House re’used to suspend the rules. ros Ck BILL. Mr. Esnnre asked the mous consent of the Houre to cfler a resolution—that the House go iat Committee of the Whole, at one o’cloek to day. for the purpose of considering the bill to reduce the rates of postage on letters newspapers, to a uniform postal charge, and to oo the abuse of the f-anking rivilege. Prin. Gocain, (objection having been made,) asked for the y nd nays on the suspension of the ruler; which were ordered. Mr. Cotuem: would ask what becomes of the special orders already made, if this resolution shi! ase? a The Srraxex—it will depend on the Chairman of the Committee of the Whole on the State of the Union to decide the questi Mr. Gocoix—I suppose that it will suspend or postpone the previous orders of the House. Mr. Cottamen—Does it not require # vote of two- thirds to pass the resolution? The Sreaxen.—The question is on the suspension of the ruler. ‘The resolution was agatn read, when, en the que tion being taken, the rules were suspended—jers 12', Mr. Coun, of Georgia, raised @ point of order—that the rerolution could not be entertained, because :t would ret aside the special orders. The Seeaken remarked that all the rules had been sur pended by the vote just taken, Mr. Vinton inquired whether, if the reselution be adopted. the rpecial orders would be ret anide. The Speaker replied that that would be « question for the Comzaittee of the Whole on the State of the Union. The House. by a vote of two thirds, had set aside all rules ; they bad aright to abrogate the spe- cialorders. The Chair ccu!d mot overrule two-thirds of the House. It was now jor the House to ony whether the resolution should be passed or net, It will require two-thirds to pase it Mr. Cous, of Georgia, submitted whether the reso- lution ought to bv entertainad, it being against the rules. The Srraxer said that the resolution was first read fir information. The Chair decided it to be out of order Gentlemen then suspended the rules, for the purpose of making thatin order whieh had been de- cided out of order. Mr Cons appealed from the decission of the Chair. Mr. Jonson. of Arkanras, said that debate was un- 8 it would not change the desision of the ‘ons remarked that he made the appeal for the purpore of opening discussion; but he had no dispo- sition to trouble the House with any further remarks. The question on the appeal taken, and the de- cision of the Chair justained. The Sreaxen—The question is now on the adoption of the resolution. Mr. Goccin—I move the previous question, Mr Srxono wished to know whether the Hourecould decide at what hour they should go into Committee of the Whole? ‘The Sreaxen replied that he would decide at a fature time Mr. Cons—Is it in order to move to amend the reso- lution? The Srraxer—The previous question has been called. Mr. Asumun—The centleman fron Virginia moved it. Mr. Coss—When? The Sreaxen—The gentleman from Virginia has the floor on his resolution. Br, Cons—The gentleman from Virginia did not submit it. Mr Goacin—No; but I moved the previous question. The Srraxen—Then the gentleman trom Georgia (Mr Cobb) has the floor, if the gentleman irom Indi- ania (Mr. Embree) does not clatm it. Mr Cess—I move that the resolution be made the special order of the day for to-morrow. Mr. Gocoix—] call for the previous question now. The vote was taken on the amendment of Mr. Cobb, and it was rejected—yeas 70, nays 115. The question being stated om the adoption of the rerolution, Mr Gocarn inquired whether two-thirds were not neceseary to pase it? The Srraxxn replied in the affirmative. The yeas and pays were refured, and the tellers, having counted, reported—ayes 96, 61; not two- thirds. So the rerolution was not adopted. BRANCH MINT AT NEW YORK, Mr. Tatmapce said that he w:shed to introduce a Terolution, which npeeotly im order. He hoped that it would receive unanimous vote of the House. It was read—that the toestablish a branch mint “I object") He moved suspensio: The mocion prevailed—yess 141, nays 49. Under the operation of the previous question, the re solution was a. MILITARY ACADEMY—sLave: The House then resolved itself into a Committee of the Whole on the State of the Union (Mr. Ashmun in the Chair) and took up the bill forthe support of the ‘West Point Military Academy, for the year ending June 30, 1860. Mr. Braue, of Virginia, after a few preliminary ob- rervations. proeeeded to a) ofthe powers of grese, under the constitution, with regard to legisla- tion for the territories,and slavery. He referred to the Compromise Bill of the last session, which came from the Senate, and was laid upon the table of the House. It wasa compromise. Gentlemen were constral ed to vote for it, or, indirectly, for the Wilmot provise; and yet, in the face of this fact, the gentleman from Maine said, the other day, that the bill from the Se- Bate was not s compromise. Mr. Smant repeated that the bill was not generally regarded as a compromise at first. Almost every mem- ber from the North voted against it. Had twenty Northern men voted for it, it would have become a law; only twenty votes were required to exolude slave- ry north of 86 80. In order to have a compromise, both parties must concede scmething. T rd showed that the Mr. Brave resume Southern delegation gar vote, not ass distinct ion, but se an alternative—as and independent pro; a COmpronate He ongrial toleave this matter to the recerd. Im conclusion, advocated Southern rightr, and dealt a few heavy biows at the abolitionists. A NEW PR HIP. smendment—for a Leyte ee - con arias country ch an office great importance. — Read the amendment. hat that is. the amendment was Mr. Po..ecx renewed the amendment, proposing to pay the professor $1,400 per annum. Mr. Jones, of Tennessee, inquired whether the j a could be renewed, after it had been re- jected. The Cuainman decided that it could. Mr. Po..ocs made @ few remarks in favor of his smendment Sucha | epee nned 4 was not only im- portant to California, but to the whole Unton. Mr. Stanzon thought that the amendments were calculated to break down the bill. He doubted the propriety of establishing this professorship. amd thought that the professors of chemistry and engineering could beet all necessary information on the subject of mining. Mr Hoimes, ofS C., remarked that he had never feena moment so propitious for establishin; profes: crebip. Mr. C. Brown said that we want scientific know- ledge everywhere, Mr. Staxton wished to knew whether there were of geology, mineralogy, all there were touch the subj may not be able to lay out sringle drift, or expel a cupful of gas. It is not only as to minerals in the earth, but the practical not begin to werking of the mines, the nature of the means by which the mii may or ruined, that information is desired. Mr. Hat, of tbould at seast bh mittee. If thi thould like to ip of agriculture, # pro- tures, @ professcrsbip of law—ail 'd go togetter; we shouid also orship of (Ha! ba! ha! ¥ poke @ good word for the Weet Point Academy. Mr M’Lran would vote for the amendment, if he thought the profesecrsbip to be actually necersary, Mr. Sawven complained that gentlemen expended all their praises 1p eulogizing the graduates of West) Pernt 7 bey seemed to forget that the larger portion of the cfMficers who fought in the Mexican war were not educated at that institation. The volunteers won the battle of Buena Viets, He asked, what jurtice do they receive from the President, the Secretary of War, and ibis House? In the Union, lately; appeared a corres- pond nce in which the Secretary of war throws all the praise of the exploit om the graduates of West Point. All the flegs taken in the war are deposited as trophies in that inutitution. The Secretary does not fay eve word about the volunteers. The il at ibe battle of Buens Virta, which was fou; junteers, are placed there as trophies of West Point, Mr. Sawyer wound not soffer these things, had he been ® Vo.unteer, gs four of the gentla of the House were, He would teil the sesretary of War, aud the President. and all concerned, that he reprerented the interests cf aa gallant a fet of volunteers as ever shed btoed In any bate field He a-ked seuvting other interests iban West Point, to vay that tir et ts Fball pot rest on theiz covstitueney. In- ead ¢f returning to Wqitina o buries, as vouuteers did, Slee army cflicers aie doing nothing, avd living on the TAC cf the jand. at the expenss of the people, He cpper’a the amendment, The och ities rove, aud efter pass resolution totermipat. the debate iu dve minw 109 Houre egain went ing? committer; when Mr. Hanvateon, #* ® friend cf the fastitution, cpposed the vimendmert, a» fen tre totre pabiie mind Ba- Aide, the inrtitution W.* pusely militery Mr Bow.tn raised @ question that the amendment was not in order. a a profeesorehip of ‘West Po IP ining was rejacted. it Point bill was laid aside. she bille to tionary and other pensions, the bill for of naval pensions, were taken up and }ut upon their pareage, Accounts from the Pacific. | Extract from a letter received in thie city, dated Caliao, Dec. 18:—** The advices from California still continue to occupy the general attention. There have some expeditions already left Callao, and others are preparing. saa parties are pre- paring remittances of Peruvian dollars, halves and quarters, tor shipment to Califoinia, and pur- chasing therewith the gold dust. We expect the steamer from New York inall this month, and probably to leave in the beginning of January, will take $150,000 to the California coast, and other amounts are shipping by sailing vessels. All articles suited for California have much risen 4n price.”” Extract from a letter received in this city, dated Valparaiso, Nov. 30:—“ The excitement reepect- ing California still continues. Several expedi- tions heve gone since we last wrote, and a num- ber are fitting out. They take many passengers— oung men, artisans, mechanics, and common leterers —ail expecting to reap a golden harvest in that land of promise. The Lambayecano has arrived thence with $70,000 in gold, having landed $100,006 at Puayta, tor shipment to the United States, via Panama.” Ho! for Caisforn! MOVEMENTS IN NEW s Annexed 18 a list of passengers in the ship Or- pheus, Captain Freeman, which sailed on Tues- day, for San Francisco: W. Pickett and tamily; J. T. Metoalf, Neil Campb- cil, J. A. Hopkins. J. A. Quimby, Samuel B. Smith, C. E Austen; C. Dickinsom, Benito de Cagigas, Zachary Adlesdorter. Zachary Adlesdorfer, H. O. Ryerson. Jno, Fowler. J. Riggs, B. P. Horton. A. Levesque, F. Guigi, E. Cavily and wife, F Dowd and wife, J. Bryant, J. A: Hal), P. Tice, E. G. Marratt, E.G. Burger. J. A’ Ray- mold, C, Harvey, Joseph Lorati, D. C. Disbrow, N. Schuyler, J. F, Abrens, C. Contrell.G.M. Sparks, H. Sumner, WH. Duryea, EG. Van Duien F.U, Graver, H Prescott, E. Hull, James Walsh, Noyes Baldwin, Francis H. Rookett, Bartholomew Hannaw, James Hapnum, W.S. Kelly. W. B. Maffet, W. H. Cro: E. D_ Howard. George Clark, W. Dick, George Sui son,J P, Spelt, G. 8. Spurr, J. Spurr, James K end Sons, Joreph Mazetti, Marcus S Yarwood. Blakeslee, Edwin Balus, the House adjourned. ‘George W. Brown, james Dennis, J. Vandyne, W. SA MoDivit, J. Montgo- mery, Mores, Z. B. Furman, John Daffin, F. O'Neil, Shadrach Davis, J. Mason, J. Taylor, A. W. Hitchcock, H Murphy, R. L. Bampton, C. H. Manpfield, Abrsham Brien. F.C. Parsons, J. B. Manser, J. 8. French, J Jaco! . B. Francis, 8 Cole, J.P. Bogardus, R Lurk, D. Davis, J. Ferguson, P. W. Dil- lon, W. H. Barnes, jr. @. ‘Seikles, T. B c, Whe C, Gir A. Fowler, George Rich: 4H. Russel), len H. Allen, Au; jus Dodge, Levi Hand- ford, D. aieey Peter G, Ludlow, Samuel Everingham, W. barnum, B. P. Avery, J. Leahman.§.G Bennet, P: McManus, P. F. Duffy, J. Burring. J. 8. Patterson, W. White, J. Chilver, W. Lander, P. Kennis, W. Fal T. Hart, Munson Chureh, M. Garvey, J. Claughby, T. H Ferris, 8. F. Baldwin, J. Parker, W. Vamdewater, N. Zoble, W. Merrifield. Ed, Letts, B Armstrong, W. Dunham, Oll- ver Vanderbilt, J. Kershaw, C. Brown, J. Welsh, W. Vanderwater, Henry Duley. D. Crawford, J. Polhemus, G, Bigley, J. Winmey, W. Camnon, J. Miles, J. Mam. ‘ton, C. W. Briscom, E. Burr, 8, C, Waring, R. Fin- es C. M. Miller, W. Payne, L. MoEwen, T. Douglass, T; B. Taylor, W H. Shafer, E.B. Ellsworth, A. Blor- velt, A. @. Tucker, H. A. Kidder, A. B. Decker, 8. F Mandeville, A. Van Tyne, C. J. Pollard, J. H. Ryerten, C. E. Peregoy, G. M. Gaskins, EF. Adlesdorfer, G. Pal- myra, D . Ferguson, E.G, Kidder, W. E. Collier, J. E. Bogart W. Cox. r ‘ne following 18 the list of passengers sailed the brig Winthrop, Capt. Laincke, for Chagres :— ‘Wo. Prescott, Joseph H. Cleaves, E E. Galusha, E. Galusha, A. Van Camp. Geo. Bonny, Jos. G. Treadw: P. J. Stavag . MoFarden, David McFarden, John Byere, Johm Nicholle, M L Mercer. Wm Mentz, Jacob Day, P. Norman, James Ments,H. P. Denniston, H. Denniston, David Poyrtt, James Clark, Wm. H. Jen- kine, Henry Roberts, J. Hanghwoat, J. J. Galushs, e understand that in the bark Mara, which sailed yesterday with a company of 150, for Culi- fornia, by way of Vera Cruz, there was a company of young men, called the Island City Mining Asso- ciation. Their plans being so good, we give a short abridgement of them. Ist. They join into a joint stock company, for mutual protection and benefits; they carry out about four hundred dollars worth of implements for the purpose of mining, smelting, and refining the precious ore ; they have bound themselves by a constitution and by-laws into a regular brotherhood; and we have no hesi- tation in saying, from the reeverjability and good habits of the young men, that they will do as well as any company that has gone to that country We give a list of their names below :— Joseph Millward, Oscar V. V. Dayton. Senard R. Hodghins, James Van Yorks£James M, Platt, Edwin M. Platt, Henry Passage, Lewis A. Mulford, Charles P. Dickie, Albert Lockwood, John Erwin, George Gants, William Corbesier, Henry W. Taylor, Lewis Negbower, William Jenkine, A Preston, William Bates, Brittan E. Hurd. Dr R. T. Gill, Alonso Hebbard. = In the list of passengers in the ship South Caro- lina, for San Frenolsos which sailed on the 24th Janu omitted. , the name of William Van Wyck was quiring “Shall { go round the Horn, or shall I cross the Isthmus?’’ the writer of this, having within a month twice crossed the Isthmus, and Dg no interest in ods of reachi California, would state his impression. The many letter-writers jeir various statements freah from their own ex- they necessarily write under considera- it. and their statements differ, because je writers are differently constituted. One foresees difficulty and fatigue, prepares himself for it, meets it like 8 man, conquers it, and rises from the conflict with concious ability to meet new obstacles. Another, full of og bopes for the future, good humordly receives bis “souse” in his canoe, or his stumbie over @ root or s stone, or his flounder in a mud- hole, and enjoys the romance of his novel journey, laughing at the mony perplexing incidents through which be has eafely passed. While a third, dazzled by the golden rumors, hastily leaves bor ‘ his ma’? don’t know it, rejoices in the Cresce: ity for ten days cry because he finds himself in a mud town of # hundred cabins, whose peop! black, and talk Spanish ; whi: trout ers”” In a cance; is horrified at his horse stepping into a mud puddle; and finally, being sately landed at Panama, curses his stars and writes back ‘cited letter, invoking public indignation upon any uni oky owner who yields bis vessel to any other branc jdventi fewily, At least a thousand ry year, in their and obstacles ama, though of crossing thirty reen Gorgona and that “two mules but none but anass would ueh @ pase without first hallooing to know if any eo was there. It is certain that many have gone through in rafety; they found the apparent dangers of the journey inerensed by their novelty, and though it was fatiguing, it had an end No man who cannot cheerfully meet any obstacle or danger met with on the Isthmus, is fit to go to Ca Mfornie, or avy other new country, whether California os Wisconsin. Let such a man by all means stay ome. A word as to the natives. They are simple, ignoran’ and, of courte. sometimes stupia, but perf n deliveri direeted, every articl tbem; they are timid to ex: A man may travel alone and ui I would not fear to smong them with sum of money about m love to drive a gooi bargain as doing, are full ae trathful, the only unavoidable di ficul- expense; all others are the invaria- ean and improvidence. The rules —take it easy, be moderate and care- a exporure to sun and to night J R. Chagres and course different in character. Th id di t eating, a 4 don't di ay show that athzoutes to tl bave their difficuliies, T subjoin th from a letter lately received fro went out with Col Stevenson's — “1 was taken sick in doubling Cape Horn, from beln expored to wet and cold a great deal, from which I te 4 fered mucb 5; fence and pain, and after the lapse of two y e barely reocvered suMotently to say Iam toler ” Re gener. The Free Soil State Convention. of Rhode Island, Will meet at Providence, on the first day of March oa to nominate State officers and eandidates for Comgress. Henry Edmondson has been nominated an the de- mocratic candidate for Congress from the Mon roe dis- triot of Virginia. Surname Count or tae Uniren States, Jam 20,—Jobm De Mott, of New York, was admitted an at- torney and counsellor of ths court No. 175.—F, J. Barnard, et a, appellante, ve. John Gibson. Mr. Sew ard concluded the argument in support of his mo- ‘ion todiemirs th's sppeal. No. 88.—Charles Wilkes, plaintiffim erro Samuel Dinsman. The argu- ment of this cause was continued by Mr. May for the feet iu error, and hy Mr. Toucoy for the plain- (itl In erFor, Our Intercourse with Central America. gw York, Jan. 19, 1849, Mr. Eprror:— Accompanying the important communication herewith transmitted, are letters from the trana- later, a co-partner of the author, to the undersign- ed, dated the Ith and Mth of October, Ist, which, it 18 believed, are the latest dates from that part of the Pacific, and are, without argument, the best practical commentary upon the postal eys- tem which has long existed in Central America. Deprecating, as you do, the spirit of monopoly, wherever it shows its selfish front, the publication of this communication in the Herald, trom one of the wealthiest Spanish American merchants, in Central America, to the Governor otfHonduras, in succession to the very able and enlightened report of the talented chairman ot the House Committee on Naval Affairs, will, itis apprehended, tend both to augment the information conveyed in that re- port, and inform the mind of Congress as te the re- ciprocal action already at work in Central Ameri- ca, upon the subject. Z e The importance, also, of opening diplomatic in- tercourse, and establishing consular agencies of the United States of the North, with the States of Central America, and in view of a revisal of our diplomatic and consular system, and our exten- sive commercial interests on the Pacitic, the let- ter from Senor Dardano, of San Miguel San Sal- vador, will no doubt tend, in some measure, to facilitate the action of Congress, upon this much corrupted, as well as incomplete branch of the public service. D. B. San Miauet, October 16, 1848, Ma. Epitor or re Herau ould find it agreeable, permit the following letier, whieh, at the request of Spanish merchant here { have translated from the Spanith, to occupy a few lines in your wide- ly elrculated and appreciable paper; and thouzh it may not give much information, still it will show.the views taken by the leading merchant of Central Ams- rica with regard to the commercial interests existing between this place and the United States of North America During a residence of twenty years in Central Ame- yetica I have bad occarion to become acquainted with allits coasts and ports, and to study its commerce, calculating the approximated quautity of ite products, as well as their character, and the consumption of the imported products from foreign countries, and to ob- serve, in my leng residence in each one of the States of this republio, the character, the taste, and the state of the richness of the place. I know also that the commerce of it is carried on, in the greatest degree, by the Englich ; that that great and calculating nation bas become acquainted with the poornessof their taste in fabricating goods of little value and having a gaudy appearance which blinds the purchaser, while they are almost always of an ordinary quality; yet offered at such low prices, apparently, that their ignorance of fabrics does not enable the consumers to judge of od in two voy: that I have made to the United ites of North Ame- rica, having witnessed the progress of that her marine and commercial arts; and, ju the opinions of many prominent persons it, now the North Americans are able to compete advan- the English commerce {n all the dis- nd to rival all nation: the republics of rica, because her own sell produces the ments, and abounds in enterprise and entus, from which it results that her rates of transportation are lower than those of the English, I have become convinced, from the introduction made by myself of American hype that the people in gene- ‘al pee them to ae goods. for their compactness and dui : end d_ myself, why is this? have a greater politi- Aud I have encoun- tered another very plain reason ; it is this: That the English baving claims against, are always molesting these governments; and, for this reason, they have been tolerated againet the real wishes of’ the people, and their commerce more favored than that of any other nation; and because all parts of these govern- ments are encompasted by English consular, diplo- matic, and commercial establishments; and wherever i cast your eyes, you encounter them the first, As em only a spectator, but derirous that Central Ame- rica should rid herself of this tyrant yoke over her riches, ‘that the British nation has put upon the inhabitants, | conclude that it is the duty of thi republic, by all possible means, to facilitate and atiract the commerce of North America, because in reality that government is the only one that sympa- thizes with us, and also because her situation being north of the tropics, her people naturally have ne- ceseity for the con umption of our tropical products; and as we also have » necessity for thelr products, { repeat, that I would like that the Governors would commence by lowering the export duties on products that are rent tothe United States, and successively to make eome gradual reductions in ported from North Am I would like alt re recently ‘slifornia, might the Island of Tiger, he correspondenee of all Ku- moment doubt but that this or channel for the commerce world, as weil as that of the Isla del Tigre, or Island, is the ce: of this republic. How many blersings the Central Americans msy hope for, and in particular those of Honduran, if the express line of steam veasels touch in their going and coming at the port uf Amapola on the island of Tiger! Then, whoever wishes, may go from thence to New York in ten or twelve di to the Antilles in six; and to Europe in twenty. four; and eur correspondence will arrive in the seme time, and then we can say with the “Instructor,” speaking of the discovery of steam, “that this wonderful discovery has brought Englend and the United States nisety per cent nearer than before.” If the government of Honduras. or Central Ame- rica, should so arrange with the owners of the line of steamers. to touch at Amapola, we can calculate augmentation of five hundred per eent of the port income, because it is «known principle in politic economy that so much more as man facilitates mea! ef communication, so much more will be augmented the correspondence, and as much less the price of transporting the communication, so that, if now by conveyance of letters by couriers, the adminis- tration of Honduras can scarcely pay the expenses of the port. and maintain interior relations, when they obtain the means we have rpoken of, the post will reduce a return with which to pay all expenses and yuild up the port of Amapola, without the government having to psy out of the treasury, and will extend the relations 80 necestary for the country, and in parti- cular thore of commerce, because,without this branch, we will be reduced tos nullity; but to obviate this, overnment of Honduras must negotiate with the thers of this line, that they share with re- gard to the receipt and payment of postage, ko. In proof of this,in England they bave established the fact, that as much more as the facilities of com- munication expand, s0 much more the correspondence is augmented. In New York they have actually drawn up a petitionto the government thet they may reduce the postage of letters from five cents to one, ora uniform rate, irrespective of distance; thus de- monstrating the fact that there means have triplicat- ed the postal revenue. The spathiste, aod those of ttle judgment, object, saying that to regulate this tubject, it is necessary tha’ there should existe n tional government of the States of Central Amer but I judge that it will be necessary to try this m sure with posts between the Un! be pot possible to secure those gi tage that wanrer, then Honduras alone should take it nd gain the glory of bring the govern. g the introduction into rica of civilization and commercial greatn: ll bave to go to nd that which is tobe tentabroad All the progress of » country consists in the facility of the communication, equallyas much interlorly as exteriorly, CENTRO AMERICA, Police Intelligence. Charge Dismissed -- We noticed in yesterday's Herald the arrest of Edwin O, Pitkine, on suspicion of being an accomplice of Jackson and Miller. two men who rrested for watch stuffing. Mr Pitking, it reems, ent to the police office, om hearing of the accusation, d the complainants stated, on recing him, that he ‘wos not one of the party who defrauded them. There- fore Mr. Pitkine was honorably discharged from the imputation Fraud on the Government —Captain Magn ™ Dowdican, of the Sixth 8 German by the name of Wi of forging roldiers’ land warrants obtaining the money from the government It appears that the ac- cured war a soldier in Mexico, and was one of the aa- le, on a charge aged in pro- davite, setting forth that the army, were their nus- Rhode to precure their nnte, valued at $11Zeach, Two ve been detected already, and no more will be brought against him. The Jast wemap be induced to make an aMdavit, he ber $7 for her services, Justice MoGrath committed im to answer the charg 9. d —The care of James E. H. Wallin, oy Sati ay Jat. ober , by Chas. with a design Is. credit ae a decieion before Justice Marine Affairs, ‘THR LAUNCH OF THE MONSTER STEAMSHIPS ATLAN- TIC AND PACIFIOSPLENDID SIGHT. The two monster steamers, belonging to the new built by Mr. Wm. H. Brown, at quarter before two clock, from the foot of Tenth street, and the Pacific, Duilt by Mr. Jacob Bell, at quarter past two o'clock, from the foot of Houston street, (E.R.) We would not only direct the attention of naval men and con. noisselurs in these matters, but that of our whole community, to this spectacle, the like of which has certainly never before been witnessed in this country. Our ocean steamers have hitherto failed to reflect that credit on the character of American naval arobi- tecture which might reasonably have been anticipated from the admitted superiority of our ship builders; but from afdeliberate survey of the two chef d’auvres now on the stecks, and @ consultation with scientific men, we venture to coast to the winds all doubts of their future tuccess, When the steamer Great Britain, at Liverpool, was near completion, the details of her dimensions, ton- nage, &o., reprinted from the English newspapers, created even In this country a degree of interest which manifested iteelfin every part of the mercantile com- munity; and yet it is a singular fact, that although the keels of these vessels were laid in Maroh last, such is the ruling passion of our people, that a great mass of them have been unconscious until now of their existence, These magnificent steamers are the pioneers of a line cf five versols, to be known as the “New York and Liverpool Line of U.S Mail Steamers,” built under tha auspices uf a company of gentlemen headed by E. K. Colling, Esq., under whose personal supervision the er- tire work has progressed, aud to whose enterprise and energy its accomplishment {is due. The advantages of having buts single controlling mind ina project of this nature are obvious to every one, and we are por suaded that the secret of success in the Cunard line of steamehips, has, in a great weasure, been owing to thia regulation, which the company adopted in the com- mencement. We are conscious of our inability to give our readers an adequate idea of the history, build, construction, and immense strength of these v. la; but some of the particulars may not be altogether uninteresting. The partial failure, or, at least, that frustration of detign, witnessed in the Washington and Hermann, has been owingyin a great measure, to the limited capital with which the company were obliged to commence ope tions—a circumstance necessarily precluding that per- fection which appears to be the leading eharacteristio ofthe new steamers in question. and the abserce of which, ine meacure, failed in the others, to realize the anticlpations of those who were bold enough to attempt & competition with the moneyed capitalists of Great Britain. Mr. Collins, who is well known in the community as ntleman of the most enterprising character, and whose long acquaintance with mercantile men and matters bas thrown him im contact, asit were, with the materiel for a desi; like this in which has embarked, when satisfied of the feasibility of the pro- ject, notwithstanding the opposing influences with which the Ocean Steam Navigation Company were obliged to contend, disposed of his veesels and appro- priated the mi his fortune to the accomplishment of his views—views which sought to leet tho abilities of our naval artizans ir and equal com- petition with the genius of Great Britain, and to ilius- 'e the superiority of American steamships, in a de- of comparieon, as great as that which our packets ie sailing vessels possees over those of every other nation. At the outset a carte blanche (without reference to cost) was given to Messrs. Bell and Brown, architects; Mestre. Stilla an and Allen, and to Allaire & Co, en- gine builders; (gentlemen of the highest profes.jonal standing, to whom the construction of these steamers was severally confided.) accompanied by the conditional inducement that whoever should succeed best in th accomplishment of his task, should be given the tract forthe other three steamers. Under theee cumstances, no pains have been spared to render these yessrels the most perfect in the world; an 1 evidence of the truth of what we assert, inform ed that out of five cargoes of ordinary ship timber es by Mr. Bell for the constru ‘acific, only six timbers of @ requir ine, (vin: 21 inches.) were obtained, which were deemed worthy of being placed in ber, Hitherto objections have been found in the models of some of our oce that they had too much proportional draft of water permit of that esrential requisite, great speed; but in the case before us,and particularly as regards the Atlanti, this feature bas been somewhat modified, and,in our opinion, advantageously, Indeed, every principle of naval architecture has been re-studied and applied, which science and skill (favored by mu- bificent inducemen' wi bee! of the (carpe: ‘8 measurement, 2,700 tons,) sotual burthen 3,000 tens. Lenath of keel. . Ajl other timbers, (futtocks) . ‘The floors are solid, fore and af etted onally through the bottom of the vessel; id the frames are coaged firmly together. The planting. which is of yellow pine, ie five inches thiok under the bottom, and at the wales 7 inches; both wales aud plank at the eides being bolted together edgeways The ceiling-clamps and water ways ate of yellow pine, and the ceiling seven to eight inches thick to the Vurn of the bilge, at which point there are six streaks ¢f planking, one foot wide, and of the same thickness, bolted edgeways together, as well as through the frime, and solidly coaged The frames are fastened together with diagonal iron braces, four inches wide and seven- eighths thick, running from tbe floor to the upper deck. and rivetted together at the intersecting points. of oak and hackinetack, with bi ot yellow pt fastenirgs, which consist of copper bolts, (1 1d locust treen: 1% in) i#, go entirely through, the former id the treenails wedged on both jatirties of the engines (which are te of forwardness,) are gathered from @ builders; and if we were called upon to note one point of excellence in their construetion more than another, it would be that perfect simpiioity, combined with extraordinary strength, which is manifested in These are to be of the side lever order, and Power, by the British mode of computa- tom moving vertically. Diameter of cylinder 95 inches, and of 9 feet stroke, carrying from 10to 15 pounds of steam; diameter of wheels 36 feet, width 12 feet 6 inches—making frem 14 | to16 revelutions in ® minute; diameter of abaft 22 | inches; the bed plates (on which the machinery is Placed) are nolid castings, aad each of forty tous welght, being nearly double the weight of any previous cas\ipgs im this country. Hlowance of coal to be ourri ch trip is 810 toon; but in expectancy of heavy weather. as in winter time, this stock can be im- | created to 1,000 tons. oh at er bas four bolle weighing in the aggregate 200 tons. aud of 140 tons water capacity. T' re to be of the tubular order, a admitting of the greatest extent of fire surface, | tance amounts to 18,000 feet. Ani in the construction of these steamers, reference to which reems appropriate here) is J etrength given to the floor timbers, in xceasive strain produced by enginrs nd it may not be lnvidious to say point of rpeed. im onr evan steam: be partially traced to the neglect of 4 the consequent loss of power which hi been successfully exerted as @ FF, dain cables, although leadiog fom hause holes on the main deck, ere worked exclusively on the upper deck, by being led through iron pipes fitted for thar purpore On the main deck, saloons and state rooms are to be fitted of the most capacious order. and farnished in & style of recherché elegance, in perfect keeping with the deijeate symmetry of the hull; in addition to these Permanent fixtures, spare bulkheads are to bu provided jor the lower cack ond put up in the event of requir- ing extra accommodations, which in this manner will give reome to about 200 pavengers. We have already made one or two remarks upon the models of these stenmern; but « few words here on that rubject may not be out of place. Of course cach builder has been more or less st liberty to follow out bis own ideas in the modelling of his vessel; bat yet they are bly similar, and tos landeman the ly sharp, carried aft by the most #y mi to the greatest breadth of beam, which is @ very } fe d of amidabi Their ‘de, ma f the heaviest timber. appear race ful hi are nn appendage, and thi phe and stern areas delicately shaped as those of the finest acht, i I mplishment of this great enterprise. eall- Meition as it has, the concentrated talent Eva Racin cote nearer: sure who unate wit- neses the launch of these magnificent homo at B that they may realize for the jectors a fame and for- mail line, destined to ply between Now Yorkand Liver- | tune as Zoundlese ‘as the oceans in honor of which pool, are to be launched this afteraoon—the Atlantic, | are named, sales & Ameaican Stramen at Rio Janxino.—The large American steamer seen going into Rio Janeiro on the 224 December last, by Capt. Foxwell, of the bark Ao- tive, which arrived at Baltimore from Rio, on the 28th ult, was no doubt either the Massachusetts or the Edith. The first mentioned vessel left this port very early in November, and the latter on the 7th of that month. We mention this fact, as it has been rumored that it was the California put back to Rio, Suir Wisconsin.—The passengers of the ship Wis- consim, from Liverpool, have presented a card of thanks to Captain Mumford, for bie kindness and attention to them during ‘the voyage, and recommend his ship to those intending to cross the Atlantic. ‘We regret to announce the death of Captain Stark, of the packet ship Mediator, long and favorably known to the mercantile community. He dicd on the 30th December, on the voyage home. ‘Theatrical and Musical, Bowrny Tuwatne.—The “Haunted Man,” the cerobatio feats of the wonderful Lee family, and amusing farces, constitute the nightly amusements now at the Bowery id the well filled boxes and pit show how much the audience appreciate the pleasing variety offered to them by the spitited proprietor of this establichm Regarding the performances of on several occasions spoxen at f the highest commendation, and we at how truly wonderful thelc faate lo. one of the flaest fermed cava we ep; and the ease with which he aad HU. Lee, and the charming young Eugene, go through their performances, must be the result of iiaueme practice and absolute hard labor ; for we take it, the bysical exertion required to do what they do every ening, would tire out most men pretty thoroughly. ‘o- bight the “ Haunted Man,” Naval Engagements,” (@ most amusing little act comedy,) the popular drema of * Rc bert Macaire,” wad the Lees’ acrobatic performances, wiil constitute the bill, Bunton’s Tazatar.—* Vanity Fair” was again pro- duced at this establishment toa well filled house. This plece appears to increase in favor every night of ite rep- resentation. Miss Chapman and Mr. Brougham, to- gether with the talemted company, @ this piece one of the best comedies now on the ta; This piece was followed by the ever pleasing and soul: stirring burletta called the “ Californ! jold Mines.’? This plece still keeps up with the present gold fever, creating much laughter, a8 well as communicating muoh knowledge to all those who ontemiplane: the journey to the gold diggin jon, To-night it will be seen, by reference to the advertisement. that anj exoellent lil is offered, and one that cannot but draw a crowded house. Nationa, Tueatre.— When Chanfrau first took hold of the lecal drama, ia which has proved almost as rich to him as the richest golden vein we have yet heard of on the Sacramento River. ‘As Mose, his fame has spread from one end of the Union to the other; and asthe impersonator of the frank, manly, New York boy, he stands alone. Many bi ight to imitate him, but none, as yet, have anything like the approbation from the public that he bas, Now, hi {a likely to gain still further fame, asthe impersonator of another style of ebaracter, viz: that of the young New York “ biood,” a class per as Captain John Tyler used to say. The new di of “Rosina Meadows,” now playing with such succee: sffords him the op- portupity of plezing this part we md bis Harry Mendon will be recognised by all New Yorkers, as & most thorough picture of a certain olass of young men that infest our city. The piece itself is one of intense interest, amd will doubtless have a long run. The house is crowded every evening. To-night the bill will be sgcapital one, a*, besides the new piece, an in- teresting drama and a laughable farce will be played. Broapway Tueatac.—The “California Gold Fever’ in Europe and Amegica, creates no great nsation, than does the production of “ Monte-Cristo,” among the play.going pubifo, on there boards; and, indeed, it would be difficult to decide which hus caused the greater excitem It fs now in ite sixth week ; and the houses, nigntly, are jam-full, with much of the fashion a! ‘auty of our city, There are many at- tive features im this beautiful piece; and those who 6 floomy ‘aspect of the ter) and the Abbe ly relieved with mic display w ich represents the risto, with the waves in motion, iz of the rmugelers. aud the other incideate introduced in this beautiful scene with such effect — Indeed, never before has a grand spectaele of this oba- racter been placed upon the public boards in this city, with such splendid effect. The entertainment stili continues to attract crowds each evening; and {t will, doubtless, for some timeto come, draw fail houses. Amrnicax Cincus.—A brilliant spectacle was exhi- bited at this unique and charming pface of en ment last evening. It was the beautiful appearance of the Arab troupe, with ti ring chiléren of the desert. The performance opened wit, the “Camp ef the Bedouins ” and r ally such was the completeness of the illusion, that were it not for the visible cemforts of this delightful place, one might most bave imagined self transported into the great derert of Afric 'd contemplating a wild scene on the barren sands hare. Nothing can exceed the a amusement of the ll come off at the Tabernacle. Mr Gung’l has compored several new pieces, whieh will be executed by bis excellent band, with all the artistic excellence, a8 murcians, which they have so con- tpleucurly dirplayed at their former concerts But there is one among the many, which we would call a! tention to, and that is Napoleon's Midnight Revi with bis Departed Warriors” rolemn but truly sublime piece must be of t! patbetic and thrilling character; 7 that there isto be w grand transpurent illastrati painting. representing all the heroes of Napoleo! age of chivalry, opon which a splendid reflectiva Bengola lighte will play. so a8 to shadow for:h th and ghastly imagery of thoce wh offended justice for their terr The programme. general): composed of the most relec! the meat cslebrated ccm ; bernacie, this even- by the largest audience that ever their arrivalin this country. Sturvesant Institute.— An accession to the mu- sical recriations of the eity is just announced inthe rogramme of a coneert to be given, on this day week. by Luigh j@, an Italien violimist’ot Gfteen years of age. member. not only of many philharmonio sociuti: but of the Conservatoire National of Paris, Turin. & in which be will be assisted by his brother Annibalo. iat prodigy, who has ecarcely attained his eigh: 18.~This cold weather is just folks, a laughing at their jokes person both mentally and corpsraly for a month to come, tuch is their brillt: moy. Every evening at Christy's | ubscription ing. anid hey give the beat they can, thus equalling the {talisn, or any other opera in this respect, New Onceans Scnenanens —Those elegant artis's are doing a fine business. Colline’s aple delightful singing, young Ole Bull on the violin, Swaine’ inimitable all their amusing Italian burlerques, ratis‘action every evening &e, give great The Aa twecestful career before them. > PaeAgs Donxavan's Pavonama or Mexico —The ea ane of both ‘iaylor and Scott are moet graphirsliy pore trayed in ths beautiful panor Buena Vista, Cerra Gorde, tepee, view of the city of Mexion. besides the hattlos ot Palo Alto Re Ke. sre all most correctly por- trayed, und on appropriate explanatory lecture te given a The ba'tivs of the storming of Chapul- Movements of Individuals. Yesterday's arrivals atthe tolivwiog hotuta:— Aston~ Copteip Fraver. U.S. Engiaeers; D. Pivto, Philadelphia; G Underwood. Anburu; WH Seward? Albany; Captain Allen. U S$ Army; J.§ Rewras. do., ©. Brauball, Boston; B Dovg'as. Newport; HW. Weigh Monterey American P Doolittle, Fiorida: W fett, do; C. Coltom. New Ori ton; P. Alker. South Carolina; T. ten; & Brick. New Orhans lndelphia; JW. Da ; Fly. Kentuoky; Mr. phi J. Samer, d Wertenbergh. do; §. De Coarsey, J, Nerly, We hington; H Hamilton, Hallfux: Brunt. Breton; Lieut Knox. U § A) ¥; Lieut. dwallador, Howano—D. AL ©. C. Winter, Miehi- C A Hantogton, i. ving Hovse (Howard's) —W. Roberts, Z Pratt Pratteville; W. Dick, Texas; 4 H, Tildem, Philadelphia; A.M, Ma- lo.; A. Alvenson, do; J. Spear, Albany; J. P. Cruger, Cortland; Mira Cruger. do. . (Minister of the German arrived at Washington on Friday last, a ceived by the Pres it. empire, to California afier the adjourn end it fe thought probable he may mak 8 visit to the gold EE ee