The New York Herald Newspaper, January 22, 1849, Page 1

THE NEW YORK NO. 5345. susliguss MORNING EDITION----MONDAY, JANUARY 22, “1849. : Matters and Things in Oregon. ‘We have examined our files of the Oregon Spectater, iblished at Oregon City, reeeived by the California at ew Bedford, from which we extract sufficient matter \ give our readers s bird's-eye view of matters and Ange in that distant part of our territory, which is to great extent overshadowed by California, in conse sence of the vast gold discoveries in thy latter place. ur latest date is the 13th of July. The acres of growing crops in Oregon are estimated » be double tho-e of any former year, itis admit- y@ the orops look better, now, than in any previous ear. An sbupdant barvest is anticipated from the resent crop--sufficient to supply an immigration of ofteen thousand. ‘We understand from different sources that very pure < jopper and lead ore is feund in the neighbochood of Gowiits river, between the Columbia and ruget Sound. A gentleman residing in the Cowlits settlement has a yepper tobacco box manufactured from the virgin ore, without smelting. Bituminous coal, obtained from the Cowlits, is bein, red at the furnace in this city, and is pronounce very good. Several of the Dalles Indians have arrived in this sity for proiection, as they say. It isseid that they Bave beon stripped of their property by the hostile Indians, because they were friendly with the whites. From accidents that have happened to United States Vessels at the mouth of the Columbia river, it is sup- poeed by many abroad to be unsafeand dangerous of jentrance, That this river, like many others, has sand soars in its wide mouth ie true; but that such @ river, ir 2 such @ country, now does and always a nmel sufficiently broad and deep for the safe en- : France of the }; at vessels, under charge of a pilot r@ho ia acquainted with ite chs oneh.e equaily true. + For about a year and Salt lant pedt, ir, 8.C. Reeve, ity of the provisional government. of d the duties of bar pilotfor the luring which time not the slightest 5 Reeve expresses his wil- Nngness to take out and bring in versels at all times, beleving that itis perfectly safe to do so. An Act ro Provipe ror Senvins 4 Mewznoer to ‘Wasninaron City.—Seo. 1.—Be it enacted the Howe of Representatives of Oregon Terri! , That Joseph L. Meek is hereby authorised and appointed a messenger. to procee! with all possible despatoh, by y of California, to Washington City, and before Executive of the United States, such offi may be ebarged with, by the tive department of the government r essenger, before entering upon the discharge of his duties, shall take eu cath, meyers to sear. his duties, acoording to the best of abilities * Bec 3 —Ssid messenger shall receive, as fall compen- sation for his services, such sum, or suas, as the ae nment of the United States shall think proper to ee. 4—That said messenger be, and he ts here ant sed, to negotiate a loan not to exceed five dred dollars, and to pledge the faith of the gover: for the payment of such an amount aa may be nege- tated said messenger, for Len purpose of carrying into effect isions of this act. I ee eonger on nd ai a G einen : 1 ive of Oregon Territory,in the smount of —— for the faithful performenc uty. thousand dollars, 0 Of A scx To CUMBERLAND PaessyTaRians in One- will bea moeoting held at the Camp Ground, near Gaie’s mill,in Tualatin county, een repemage , before ee ele str Territory, to e.ganize ytery a8 soon - 16 ie expected that alt the ministers and other ly such a8 were ruling elders the States attend, if possible—all bringing ba JOHN z BRALY, Jo CORNWALL, § Ministers. A Bit to Paovine yor THE Ry or VoLunteens.— 3e it enacted by the House of sentatives of Ore- pon territory. . 1, That each private snd non- commissioned officer, volunteering in the service of the army. to punish the indians in the Walla Walla val- ley, and furnishing his own horse and equipments, aball be eutitled to one dollar ae, oven Pee day, from the time of his enlistment until he be dis- per sho ball leave’che bervion mull duly diechaeged 2 ve oer’ unt yy the ‘officer. Sec. 2. This act to take effect, and bein re Ras ates 1 ey Attest: ROBERT NEWELL, Speaker. C: W, Cooxg, Clerk Approved 28th Dec ,1847, GEO. ABERNETHY. Aw Act to Parvent tur Intrevuction oy Fine> sams AMONG ti? dapane< Gen noo eet the House oi epresentatives 2 That if any person sball barter, ell, give, make, or re- peir,for apy Indian, a1 irearms, or other munitionsot war, Bor more than ¢ dred Of the eourt; to be recovered by ii vit court of theoounty wherein the @ommitted. Seo. 2, This act to take force, from and efter ite Fivrat Attest: BERT NEWELL, Speaker. C. W. Coons, Clerk. Approved 28th Dec., 1847. GEO. ABERNETHY, Resronss sy Youre Lapras, to tue Cat or Cart. Maxon rox the Youna Men im Tue Anmy.— We have read with much interest the late report from the army, and fee] ourselves under obligation to rep/y t the ap- made to us in thet report. We areasked to vines our influence for our country’s good, by with- holding our hands from apmyoung man who refases to turn out in defence of our honor and our country’s Pee Tn reply, we bereey, one.and all, of our own with that grossly insulted our sex. W: Thee etditn ee toeeae to defend his Ror col e ai obey your offlcers—and never quit your poste the po Bay | aud whee youTotere in trlampn te the valley, you shall find us as ready to rejoice with you, Gafferings ond dangers. (signee fifteen young ladies.) ity of informing the rs of the Oregon Spectator, that at abeut 10 was informed I 4 : ; i contain some truths ag yg coo to themselves, which is their sop, thus endeavoring to mutsie the press. 'e insist upon our contract, and trust to be able to maintain our post as editor for iis rumored that explarations ot the low hat ~ lower par! of the Umpqus river aud vicinity, show ite valley, . low the rapids, to be much more extensive than here- jem, died with the measies an Sane ing the winter. We shall soon have intelli. ry) _— that portion of the country upon which we ean rely. Mr. Walling, of this city, and four other per sons, have been mal expl upon the Pacifi coast, southward from the mouth of the Columbia.— They found a portion of country about Kilamuke ba: which pleased them very much, snd all the part; el there. The bay is several miles in ex-ent, and ith quite marrow. Five streams, aboundi: pth into the bay, and the bay furni: pe ay ral uciuhoveat ~ varying t they seve: jes, and one in from haifa mile to three miles wide, and six or ght miles in ae that the Indiens sey there ise darge prairie south. Fom itiemen just arrived in this city, we learn that C il Ford and party have retarned to this baving accomplished the exploration of valley without baving the t, Rogues, and Umpqua vailies, Our infor- want states that the failure is attributed to the want <—_o We regret the failure of the ex- ‘We understand that another bowling alley {s about to be constructed in this city. We that such is the fact. Much time ee : oe ba y now in use. om food, elothing, or honor. waives ioecineos, well ole lowed,” brings wealth 4 happiness; but such » “ well followed,” ts sure to bring poverty, Present bowling ‘tey has new here) by sowe good e time Gomes that bowling alleys are likely to outnumber the churches, it is time for those, and all other good oltsene, to east their in- happ: ynnounce that S.C. Reeve, the a! and gentleme sly pilot at the mouth of the Colt berg River, usintentionally taken away on board the Teulon, bas returned by the Cowlits. We weloome Mr. aren oe S bie post. ebiefl pad bi . yn are comprised Dejacknow! tobe quite al, if not saporior, to the prairies, in richness ‘and ‘productive eae of soll, @ne thing in re oertata—the high timbered land is ‘Bever so wet im winter but thas it is enitabie for plow- ing, while the prairie land becomes too wet in that | lowing We have seen as its trees growing upon the d lands as are often seen. Oregon is is other country upon the y ‘‘neesssnt rains;” and we have siro seen veri statement, frequent generally credited in the Northern grasces in Oregon, remain green during the wiater ere extremely nu! id tion of the entire tor- large mm and jadeting coree oe to Cg jon perpetual snow on the mountains, they are ye source of invaluable weal bat country upon the face of the earth, affords euch ready facilities for grazing, tion ef Oregon lying between the Cascade: #, known as the middle cou! growers of Vermont, western Massachu- setts, and New York, and in northern Ohio, have realised profit their sheep when compelled from four to five bay months in the year. pow almost uninhabited by the white nature bas overspresd thickly, from thirty to forty thousand square miles, with rich luxuriant n which slene shrep, cattle, and horses subsi farmer would regard half a D a8 & trifling capital ; it rasing districts of Oregon, they constitute a capital, their natural increase, would make their n- Wool can be transported from here to besp es from several of the States; and we ime is not far dietant when the valleys, je mountains of Oregon will resount 4 VERY IMPORTANT DISCOVERY, BY A ROCKY MOUR- Mr. Epiron—One of those remetkable creatures aid me a visit the other day, and re- bad made, whioh, if true, deserves lined world. He the immediate attention of the eivil aid he had been be determined to leeve those parts ip seareb of beaver across the ky shores of the Pacific, end taking the si be pursued a westwardly direction across the moun- tains, deserts, and sand. for more th: zailes, until at Jast reaching s beautiful valley near Pacific he was astonished to find it inha- Ute trem the Angle Sax vernment, epened commeroial inter- dina most{urious war with severaltribes 5 y told me, said he, they had been in- duced bythe governmentto which they belo: years since, to locate themselves there to effect a great immediate protection, their fate, Unwilling to believe stefal, I poured forth, said rent of exeerations upon all monarchies. and part! of fought ipa whose feieene I a abrapt ended, but Anxious that ‘our republic should en en jh your columas, the honor of distin, expedition—Colonel Fremont gentleman—to ferret them out, and {1 ‘there are not Anierican citizens among our protecting care. N ee Sete ascertained js eelper meee be between and 49th parallel )and on the waters of the Columbis river. Important Commercial Statistics. Bratman or THE Vane or tux Exrorre or THe GRowrTn, Propvcr arp Manuractuns or rug Uniren States, EAR COMMESCING ON THE ler DAY Oy JULY, re. AND anaing oN THE NTH Day OF JuNx, 1648, eH 2 = Sehcttes § wa | 3 8 Rewerstr + aes Morpxr m ANxx Axunvet Covurty, M: most brutal murder was eommitted on We g last, betwoem the hours of 9 a *% girl urine of fi rry. A negro bout the age of seven ye ome known person. It appears thet the mother had left the children alone in the house for a short time, and on her return they we: mother, in cerns with a colored perty of Gen jtewart, in search of the ehil- dren, and found them lying together, in a thicket, dead. Th sharp instrument, to have been anaxe. The negro the mother in the search, is stro: being guilty of the brutal marder of \dren.—Annepelis, (Md.) Republica, man who accompanied ‘The tote] namber of deaths in St. Louis, sek ending the 8th inst, was 87—seven deaths There were twen' 10th inst. and of t ed to be elther receiving x steamers at St. Louis on the jumber but two or three appear. or discharging freight. large shoe factories at L; destroyed by fre om Finite ian View of one of the New Rotary Presses on which the New York Herald is Printed. The Printing Machinery of the New York | Heraid. i The aecompanying cut represents ournew presses. | A horizontal cylinder, ef about four and a h.lf feet | in diameter,is mounted on a shaft with appropriate bearings; about one-fourth of the circumference of this cylinder constitutes the bed of the press, the periphery of which 1s adapted to receive the form of types—the remainder is used as a cylindrical dis- tributing table. The diameter of this part of the cylinder 18 lees than that of the form of types, that at may pass by the impression eylinders without touching them. In one of our presses the ink is taken from a fountain placed beneath, the large eylinder, irom which it is taken by a ducter roller and transferred by a vibrating distributing roller to the cylindrical distributing table; the fouatain roller receives a slow and continuous rotary mo- tion, to carry up the ink from the fountain. In the other press, instead of the stationary fountain, there isa smal! tountain placed at the circumference of the large cylinder behind the type, and revolving with it, which 1s supplied with ink froma reservoir placed in the upper part of the frame, the ink being conveyed through pipes to and through the jour- nals of the main shaft of the large cylinder to the small fountain. ‘The large cylinder put in motion, the form of types thereon 18 in succession carried to four corres- ponding horizontal impression: cylinders, arranged at proper distances around it, to give impression to four sheets, introduced one by each cylinder. The fly and feed boards of two of the impression eylin- ders are similar to those on the well-known double cylinder press; on the other two, the sheet 1s fed in below and thrown out above. There are no tapes or rollers used to feed in the paper—the sheets are taken Sorely fom the feed board by iron fingers at- tached to each impression cylinder. Between each two of the impression cylinders there are two ink- ing rollers, which vibrate. on the distributing sur- face, und nse and fall by a cam in such a manner 48 1D one press to come down to the fountain, and in the other to the distributing table, to take a supply of ink, and rise so as to pass over uad igk the form. ‘The daily Herald is printed double, and after- ‘Wards cut in two. The four peges are put to press at the same time, each page being locked up in a separate form, that the compositors call a “turtle.” It is a detatched segment of the large cylinder, and constitutes the . bed and chase. The column rules ran parallel with the shaits of the cylinder, and are conse- uently straight; while the head, udvertiaing, and lash rules, are segments of a circle. A cross sec- thon of the column rules would present the form of a _wedge with the small end pointing to the centre of the cylinder, 80 as to bind the types near the top; for the types being parallel, instead of radiat- ing from the centre, 1t 18 obvious that if the column rules were also parallel, no matter how tight they were pressed together at the base, they must stand apart at the top; but with these wedge shaped co- lumn rules, which are held down to the bed by tongues projecting at intervals along the length of them, and sliding in rebated grooves cut in the face of the bed, the space in the grooves between the column rules being filed with sliding blocks of metal.acouraely fitted i the outer surface level with ie > the surface of the ends next the column rules being cut away underneath to receive a pro- Jection on the sides of the tongues, and screws at the end and side of each page to lock them toge- ther, the types are as secure on this cylinder as they can be on the old flat bed. ach of our presses, at their ordinary speed, will ‘nt £000 impressions per hour, and can readily be riven, on an emergency, to 10,000 impressions per hour. They each require tour boys to feed in the sheets, and at present, tour boys to receive them when printed ; but the latter we intend to dispense with, as we are having machinery made to fly the sheets by the ordinary operation of the presses. Each press occupies a space of 17 feet long, 5 feet wide and 10 feet ee A b A press with eight impression cylinders of this construction, will print 16,000 impressions per our. THE PRINTING MACHINERY OF TITE LONDON TIMES. [From the Losdon Times, Dee 20.) Twenty years ago we noticed in these columns a ee ery designed and constructed tor ue by Mr. Augustus Applegath, of Dartford. It was then thought im ible to improve on the plan, and thovgh our sheet has long since been doubled id thi has | been doubl and its sale more than quadrupled, we have ever since continued to use machines on the medel of pT We have now, however, to thank the same | gd for an invention of much greater power, | wi ich, with an accidental interruption, has work- ed the principal part of this journal since the 3d of October, and, therefore, ony be eafely introduced to our readers. But it will be necessary to de- 6 in use since 1827, before those who are unacquainted with printing maehinery ean understand the means by which we are now enabled to print The Times at the rate of nearly 140 ;mpressions per minute. If the reader will unfold this sheet to its full size, he will observe that on each side there are four peecs, containing altogether twenty-four columns. In the ordinary steam press the type prepared for the prating of this immense surface is securely wedged in one iron frame, whice 1s laid on a table traversing a species of railroad mine or ten feet long. As the table moves backwards and for- | wards the type laid upon it ‘8 under four cy- linders, covered with woollen cloth, and placed crossways over the “railroad.” These are called ‘* the printing cylinders,” as it 18 by their pressure upon the type in its passage under them that the impression 1s produced. The sheets of paper, previously stamped at Somerset-house, and then damped in, this office, are conveyed to the four printing cylinders by means of eudless tapes from four flat tables, or ying-on boards.” Any one who has seen how a common thrashing machine is fed with successive handfuls from the rick, will easily understand how the successive sheets of Paper are eupplied to the printing-machine, and earried round the eylinders by the circulating tapes. The cylinders are so arranged feat two act upon al the type in its passage to the it and two in its paeeege to the eft ‘Other smaller cylinders, or ‘‘rollera,” similarly disposed across the pathof the type, pupply it with ink. The sheets, as they prse pace A aeont a iin are pressed Nae ae ceive its impression. They are then carted b y endless tapes to the hands ef persons, two t@ each side of the machine, who re- ceive th and pile them on the * taking-off boards. e paper thus printed om one side 16 conveyed $a second machine, where it is printed on the othé¥'side by a similar operation. . The frame, or technically speaking, “the form” of type, with its iron bed, and appurtenances for receiving the motien, weighs alt r three qnar- ters of a ton; and when the mac! is worked at the rate of 8,000 eopies an hour, this ponderous Mase traverses a distanee of six feet forty times in a minute, The most ordinary mechanical know- ledge will at once suggest two limits to the pro- duciive pewer of thie machine—first, the danger of inereasing the spred ; secondly, the difficulty of multiplyyng the printing eerie: In da when locomotives weighing thirty tone, and trains wee more than a hundred, will travel en « railroad 60 miles an hour, it might seem that we could venture to move three qnartere of atom ot a greater speed than 89 yardo a minnte, or net quite ! stead ef one onward and uniform motion, there is a } when, if not a collision, there is at least a heavy proviso resolutions. The de ‘ three miles an hour. But, in this instanee, in- check and a recoil at the end of every six feet, concussion, and forty such concuseions in a minute are as much as this delicate machinery will bear. The other limitation 18 the small number of cylin- ders that can be brought to bear upon the type in its very short passage tach way. Twoare all that can be attempted, and in order to admit even them, they, as well as the inking rollers, are made as smull, and set as close to one another as possible. It must be remembered that every additional inch traversed by the type, given its speed, 18 80 much loss of time, besides other inconveniences. In machines upen this principle the only result of further multplying the cylinders would be a greater complication of machinery, with litle, if aay, in- ereage in the number of 1mpressions. The great improvement which has now been electors bn Mr. Applegath, and of which this page exhibite a successful result, is the substitute of an uniform rotatory motion for the horizontal recipro- cating motion of the old machine: isthe change THE RUSH TO CALIFORNIA. not. The city of New York is a very excellent spot—a littie world in miniature—and we have seen the great world outside to our heart’s con- domicile is in the Eleventh ward. From No. 11 trom a plane to a circular “ tal Instead of being laid ona table traversing a railroad, the types are now built up, as it were, on the face of a cylinder revolving on a perpendicular axis. This cylinder 1s ¢ drum of cast 1ron, about five feet six inches in diameter. The * torms,” or pages of type, are made segments of its surface, jus' tower of brick might be faced with stone, column inlaid with marble. Eight printing cylin- ders, forty inches in citcumference, .are arranged round the drum, and suggest the of an orb and its satellites. Instead of the four impressions taken by the old mache in its double journey, eight sheets are now printed in every revolution, Any one who knows the immense weight of metal type, and the impossibility of giving it any hold upon the “form” besides weight and pressure, will atonce perceive the extent of the obstacle over- come - giving the central drum a vertical post- tion. No act of packing could make the type adi- and being made with a wedge-like section, that 1s, thicker towards the outer surface of the type, they keep it in its place, like the ee ot an arch, or the stone ribs of a rubble vault, Without the aid of drawings, 1t is difficult to convey an idea of a machine so diflerent from those on the horizontal principle. On entering a large room, the first thing that strikes the eye is circular Ty, about 26 teet in diameter, and six feet from the ground, surmounting eight large and complicated ics, radiating from a central tower or drum. Each of these fabrics 1s the feeding ap- us attached to one of the eight printing cylin to a cylinder revolving round a horizontal and therefore aggravating centrifugal impulse y the intrinsic weight of the metal. In the verti- cal disposition there is the same centrifugal im- pulee, but it does not operate in the direction ot ‘avity, and therefore is more easily neutralized. is neutralized chiefly by means of the “column 1uies,” which make the upright lines dividing the columns of thie page. These ‘‘ column rules” are usually long strips of biase, and in this instance they are so screwed to the sides of the iron frame, or “chase,” as to become powerful tension ties ders. On the gallery are seen eight men at su many “‘laying-on tables,” feeding the machine, by carefully pushing successtve sheets into its eight mouthe, each man at about the rate of one sheet in four seconds. Directly under those eight men are eight others on the ground, employed in taking off and piling the printed sheets thrown out by the machine. The eye soon detects the four forms or chases of type fixed on the face of the drum, and accommedated te its shape, and vainly attempts to follow numerous sheets of paper in rapid and inex- plicable motion. The printing cylinders surround- ing the central drum, and in occasional contact with it, bear about the same visible proportion to it as the pillars of the temple of Tivoli to the cireu- Jar wall within. The framing which supports the central drum also carries the bearings of the eight printing cylinders, which all revolve in perfect cor- respondence. The type only covers a small portion of the circumference of the drum, and in the in- terval there is a large inking table fixed, like th type, on its cireular face. This table commu cates the ink to upright inking rollers, placed be- tween the several printing cylinders, the rollers, in their turn, communicating the ink to the type. So far the arrangement is peri beg ee 6 the machine being, in fact, composed of the parts in ordinary use, only made circular and placed in a vertical instead of @ horizontal position. The great problem for the inventor was the tight mode of “feeding,” or supplying the sheets of paper to the printing cylinders 1n their new po- sition. The reader will cat understand, by spreading out this sheet, the difficulty of changing it in Jess than four seconds from a horizental to a perpendicular position, and back again; and through still more changes of direction. No alter- ation has been made in tie manner of “laying on” the paper, which is carried from a plane table in the usual way, downwards between two sets of endless tapes in rapid motion. But when the sheet has travelled down toa SePAIA. point it is sudden- ly stopped by thin pieces of wood piaced edgeways, and (brought in contact with the paper on both sides at once ; t the same moment released from the tapes, and, being now at rest, is held in. a vertical position between the thin pieces of wood or “stoppers.” These stoppers are then withdrawn, and the sheet hangs fora moment suspended be- tween two small pulleys, called finger rollers. A set of vertical rollers, (between the stoppers,) re- volving rapidly, are immediately brought into con- tact with the sheet, and umpel it horizontally be- tween two new sets of endless tapes, which convey it round the printing cylinders. It there meets the type receives the impression, and 18 led out under the feeding jallery into the hands of the “taker- oft,” who draws it down, and lays it ona table before him. ‘ It now only remains to explain how an even and clear impression is obtained from a segmental surface oftype. The printing or impression cylin- ders are forty inches in circumference, and each cylinder always touches the type at the same cor- responding points, the surfaces moving with equal velocity. The blanket or cloth round the printin, cylinders is underlaid or packed owt with slips o| paper; and by this simple means, and the use of a type cylinder of large diameter, an impression 18 obtained—to use the words of the patent—“ not discernible from that given by a flat orm of type.” The rate at which this machine has been hitherto worked is;about 1,000 revolutions per hour, or 8,000 impreesions. This rate will be gradually in- creased until we ascertain how far it may be w without injury jto the impressions and danger to the delicate and complicated fabric. The horizon- tal machines, with four cylinders, have been driven up to 6,000 ; and it 18 prebable that this ma- hase with oat cylinders, will be ultimately worked te 12,000 copies an hour. Political Intelligence. The following State officers were elected by the Le- p trnmeclys Florida, on the 6th inst: avid P Hogue, ttorney General; Charles W. Do My ywet Ke State; Simon Towle, Com of Accounts; re R Haywar4, Treasurer; Robert 8. Hayward, Clerk ja) me Court. Ie is said that there will be two Inangaration bails at Yedisewe, one altogether whig, the other indepen- me House of Commons have is cane Secrtipe wre ine state of pre’ om SFiS: State convention of Indians, edopt- ed the W! proviso resolutions, Joe Mitehell, one of the Penobscot Indians, hes been ited and a ¥ = oe bist ~ Seta uaa abaneted THE GOLD EXCITEMENT. Incidents on the Increase, Ge, &e. de. SCENES 1N NEW YORK. “ ARE you gona TO CaLivornia Y’ (We are tent, are perfectly satisfied, and hencetorth our we can look down upon No. 1 ward, where all the fuss and preparation are progressing, with a calm serenity that astonishes ourselves ; and we are not often astonished at anything. Almost every body 1s going to California. Venerable, sainted old Tammany——the old wigwam’s best spirits are go- ing out; a quorum of. the last general committee for 1848 (17 is a quorum) are already enroute for the gold diggins. We are not going to California, but we are going to remain behind, for the purpose of giving a correct, faithful history of all the move- ments that are being made by the California emi- trants. We havea clear, undoubted right to write a history of those movements ; for our record would commence some years ago. We knew all about this gold as early as June, 1844. Jn that month, we saw wm the Secretary of State’s office at Wash- ingtomcity, samples of gold brought on by Captain Stephen R. Smith, whowas then purchasing mills to take out to Upper Calsfornta, inthe ship Calr- fornia, belonging tohim, then lying at New Bedford. Captain Smith propesed to us that we should then Ko owt with him. His advice 1s contained im the fol- lowing extract from am original letter, now in our possession:— You could establish yourself im busi- ness in Monterey as a merchant, havea branch of your store back in the wnterior (150 mules) well stecked with all kinds of goods: the place selected should be amthe viconity of the gold miners. You would find it very profitable to take wath you into the interior about $2,000 worth of Spanish sizpenney, shilling and two shilling preces. With these, you buy the gold from the miners at @ certain rate, and pay in silver coin. Thesemen would buy your goods, and re-pay you 1m the identreal silver comm, which you could pay out again and again, thus making a profit both ways.” We did mot accept the proposition of Capt. &mith, and regret that we did not. John Tyler and his cabinet were as well aware that gold existed in large quantities in California,as James K. Polk and his cabinet were when the treaty with Mextco was made. But we have nothing to do with the past. Wewill endeavor to give some idea of the revolution that as going on in our midst, caused by this thirst after gold. It is an epidemic--it has raged for days—uit broke out onthe -of——. The Herald of that day scatteredthe elements of the disease far and wide, and now it rages with a violence tha threatens to depopulate New York. In November last, we were divided into three classesim the political world—the Cass men, the Van Buren men, and the Taylor men. The 7th of November decided the position of each party. In , 1849, the eity is dividgd into three great divisions: Ist. Those who are decided to go te California, 2d. Those who have not decided to go, but will leave as soon as they can raise the wind. Sd. Those who cannot leave under any circumstances. The Cassmen go to Califorma. The Van Bu- ren men are those who will go, if they can get a platform to go on. The whigs and Taylor men, are well enough as they are ; they are content, for they have some- thing to feed on here. _ a The political community of Nov. 1848, is the Cali-_ fornia community of January, 1849. The hunkers, free soilers and wings, are the goers, the try-to- era and the stay-at-homers. In order to give'a faithtul and correct lustory of the events connected with this extraordinary state of thinge, and to impress the community with the magnitude and im- rtance of the epoch, it will be necessary to pre- face it with an account of the great outpourings of a people from one land to another—trom one sec- tion to another section ot country. The first on record is related by Moses, who gave a 7 fait ful account of the eriginal sort of a California movement among the ancestors of our Chatham street people. They made amove “from into a land--good land and large—unto a land flowing with milk and honey ; unto the place of the Hittites, the Amonites, and the Perizites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites.” The first exodus resembled in many respects the present California exodus ; God commanded the original emigrators, | © Ye shall not go empty; but every one shall bor- row of his neighbor,” &c. Judging from the pro- eeedings in the courts of law here, to arrest ab- sconding debtors, &c., our goers have been doing it without any command. They, too, have got tired of making bricks. They had to cross the Red Sea; our emigrants have to cross a blue one. But Providence raised up dry land, go that they did not heave to boat it, and modern ingenuity has lessened the distance round the Horn, by providing mulew to cross the Isthmus, and steamers at each end of the line. The next great exodus was from Eu- Tope to America. The last is reserved to immor- talize this century in general, and the administra- tion of James K. Polk in particular. We shall make no comparison with the second exodus; it is altogether too voluminous. We shall imitate the great historian, Moses ; be plain and simple in relating the events of the present era. We shall not deal in generalities to a greater extent than he did. Moses tells the whole story, from the brick making and epee 3 bush--what the bush said, and what all said, all did, until they got fairly off, and the sea tumbled in upon Pharoah and the chariot wheels. We shall follow his example, by com- mencing with Jem Grant, the barber, and his pasty, who were the first to exodus frem sixpences and shaving among the whigs, as Moses and Aaron did from straw and brick making for the Egyptians. Moses gives avery graphic account of the trouble he and his party had before they got out of Egypt, and tells the whole story with great simplicity, and no doubt truthfulness, about the water, the frogs, the flies, the cattle, the biles, and every man borrowing of his neighbor—‘the battened unleavened cakes,” and _ victuals, and provisions in general, which they took along with them, as also Joseph’s hones, which they dug up, and the general confu and mixed up meee betere they all got ofl; or, to ure the words of M before the Lord “led the people about through the way of the wilderness and the Red Sea, and went up har- eae eon taia, whten can be mtantely , whic ion od ‘an this modern exodus to California—the ring of ships and brigs, the squads about Sey peice d down ud Wall street, at the Custom House; the financial arrangements, the rentin of houses, sales of real estate, duping victimizing, right and left, borrowing money, overcoats, pantaloons, old boote, cast off stockings, coal ecuttles, sifters, and shovels, and iron uten- ile ot altkinds. The burning bush, the serpent and rod, ceuld not have astonished Moses and his friends more than the official documents of Presi- dent Polk astonished this entire community. The hunkers had been crushed under foot ; they were as bad off as the Israelites when they hankeredatter Previous to this, large parties, amounting, it been supposed, to seve’ hundreds, from the nam- ber found suddenly missed, had started off on the sly, to be first m the gold field. Some put across Jersey, others followed the Harlem Railroad track; and letters have been received from various parts of the eastern and middle States, from individuals wandering about the country inquiring atevery farm house on the road ‘the distance to California 1” The counting rooms of all our shipping merchants were crowded with new faces, anxiousto get a pas- sage somewhere. They rushed down towntromthe upper wards, hepping and jumping over cotton bales and sy, oxes, worse than ever the frogs 10 Reypt did. Howland and Aspinwall had toeagage new clerks to answer questions about the line of steamers between San Francisco and Panama. Rolls of bank bills poured into their cash-keepers’ hands like wisps of straw. Oué man has forced hia way out on to the side walk in front of their store, holds up 4 paper, exclarming—t Dve got it;” “ha, ha—talk about your gold ore. Whe’s hunk now?” “ How much?" “$150, and sure.” “Can’t get any more. Telegraph just come on from Mr. As- pinwall, who isin Washington, with his orders, not to dispose of anctner ucket.” Then there were sorrowful faces, and all eyes were turned tow: sailing vesse)s. ‘We were among the crowd--one fellow says, ‘Damn the Panama boat--we can walk across the Iethmus.” ‘Ha, ha—look at the chap. Patent leathers—walk across the Isthmus, eh?” saya another, ‘ Not a book was tobe had in the book stores concerning California, at any price. The Tribune issued some stuff, and sold it like wildfire. Lee- ‘urers advertised “Lectures on Calitornia”—they were crowded. | Theatres played “California”? pieces, and took in hundreds, Not a brass filer im New York that did not make more than his wages by sine, brass filings and dirt. picked up before new buildings, as genuine gold dust. Withina week, nota minister in New York that had not lugged “California” into his sermons twice on a Sunday, and compared in his sermons pure religion, to California gold. It was the rage everywhere. The General Committee were called together at Tammany Hall. They met at 7, waited until 9; could not get a quorum. The secretary aad e! of their number were booked for unearned and busy packing up their traps fora start in the steam= ers [Isthmus and Panama, to sail within a week. They said, “the General Committee be damned: they had other fish to fry than pele to pay old political liabilities ” One member cold his place for $800, worth $2000. Another is a grocer; he burnes pp bia collections, transfers his stock ol butter ond, buckwheat flour for California traps and a ticket to the Isthmus; another is a teacher of elocution, and owns a patent bedstead—“‘to hell with the bedstead and elocution;” he sells out for 350 what ne valued at $50,000; another is a dry goods dealer, sal»rv €1.500—he has bought a brig, and advertises ‘‘fer Ga fornia direct.” What a rush to get ready ivi (ust steamer! The driver of the new style carriage for hotels, (the City Hotel one) owned both carriage and horses; he lets the steamboat passengers take care of themselves; he is bound to be amer passenger; his horses and carriege are standing, at 100’clock, before Tattersall’s,in Broad way;he says to the auctioneer, “Hough, I want you to sell my cattle and car- riage.” Ia halfan hour, the late driver and owner ‘walks down to pay his p 5 he has $400 in bills in his pocket; he is ready to go. ds It is Christmas morning, 12 0’elock, M. It rains, and the fog is so thick youcan cut it. There are three hundred people on the dock to see the steam- er off. “Captain ! captain!” shout fifty voices, “De ye.go to-day ” “Certainly; fog will ri (0 in half an hour.” “Oh Lord! Here, Jim, for God’s sake do go and get these damned bills changed for me at, some exchauge office—I forgot it;” and Malachi -pulls out three or four huadred dollarsin up country bills. “Ball, here is a do lar; juet run up Broadway and buy me that worth of paper—I forgot it; and they it’s wortn filty cents a sheet in Calitorma.” jut who have we here? A man comes rushing down the pier, shouting at the top et his voice, “Capting, for C——’s sake, hold on; don’t go yet; T’ma paseenger;” and he es his through he crowd of laughing spectators, reaches the deck, throws down his linen sailor bag of dun- nage, and the hoe in his hand,and sinks exhausted, saying, ‘.Thank God; but I thought I was half an hour behind the time.” Half an hour too late to go te California! as though it was merely the © Brooklyn ferry boat. Scenes eceurred at the starting of these boats which would make thie com- munity weep for a week at their ladierousness. Old Meses himself could’nt begin to describe the ninety-ninth part of them. New Year’s arrived. It was not the New Year’s of old timer. It wasa day that the great body of the male folke had de- voted to call on ther female friends to say ow 5 and announce their immediate departure for Cali- fornia. Calitornia! every ca was Calfornia the first wock of 1849. Every advertisement was headed Calitorniay aud written posters were hung out from every store in'town, from the large South street shipping merchant down to the penny trumpet and three cent gingerbread shop:— California soap to wash gold. & dian a coats. he’ doota, 7 hats, " penknives. “gold oifears. § m mas. : oe toothpicks. _ All trades and professions are alive now. The en- tire community 18 aroused, and we shall see what we shall see, and continue to write down our re- cord, and publish it for the benefit of posterity. SCENES AND MOVEMENTS ELSEWHERE. oncom the Boston Jour: Jen. 19.) . The following communication from an esteemed correspondent, gives a iull account of the Califor- Dia movements at this port :— Boston, January 17, 1849. The following. I believe, isa correct list of vessels , and of those now up, for California. excitement has given quite a stert to business, especially to navigation, many vestele having changed owners at a considerable advance in prices, since December last, Freights have also improved, ore ie bays for 25 good business between fornl in carrying passengers, provi- the various articles necessary to the large pie ee of Egypt. Pharoah or ban Md. lor wou! vent their getting any more of kind of food, Offices and sinecures had been placed beyend their reach, and the announcement officially made by one of their leaders, that there wasa “; Jand, and a large land, flowing with milk and honey,” or what was better, gold dust Reed ap ore, created as much excitement in their minds as the oficial announcement of Moses in old Bible times. Preparations wereat once com- menced to eroes the sea, go to California, and up- eet and drive out the modern “Hittites, Amor ee, and Hivites”—the Mexicans, Mormon ni Indians. There waea general ignorance in the community as to the whereabente of this new region. Geography has never ope @ favorite study with the democracy. They know where the democratic headquarters are held in every ward, and there was a general rush to those places te com| notes and get information. Two or three days passed, when the discovery was made that t here was a class in this community denemi- nated (par excellence) shipping merchants, aad they were supposed to know something about at, Sx1rs—Montreal, Pharsalis, Capitol, Daniel Wed- er, Charlotte, Sweden, Leomore, York, orsair (via Che 1 hip (Bay State Co), 1 do. (Salem Co}},1 do, (Bunker Hill Co.) Bans—Orb, Rochelle, Drummond, Velasco, (Paw- ibs ee Ge). beovnniterwt nice—Josephine, Rodolph, Mary Wilder, Acadien, Almens, Bterito , Oceanus, Col. Taylor, new brig, brig —, (via Vera Crus.) And we hearof the sale of, for same place, Messen- ger, Angola (Salem), Antares, schooner Boston, and one small vessels—86 or more im all. Price of Je $125 to $300. Pern aite a stir among dealers in bread, pro- visions and other eatables, for nearly every vessel takes from one to two years’ supply. i the above vessels ae 30 passengers each, they will carry 1,080 pes- understand that s letter was received bs fond Eamaca Eversth suping thes the, saloen ea avooiors orfortable dee | Ct ite in the cabin, while they were ite, looking at each other blue 14 almost froze in the damp, cold steerage. As you are ® nautical man, | would suggest to the lapdsemen going with a number of ia berths three tiers high, to look well to menace of ventillation, amd that proper articles are provided to keep off res wi ¥ P.S The ship York was sold for about $8,600; bark Velasco, bey soldat $1.700 advance on . Ne anaee vo js os eee ny eon for , al ux Ie ,f H \weden, $80.00; ship Leonore, $14000, ‘Bark Lanark bas eles deen sold fora handsome sum. Brig Acadian sold about $6,000. and several others changed hands. (From the Journal of Jan. 20 A young man from atown in the Northeastern the State, became afflicted with the pre- ie took name tor Califorma, in abng now fitting out from this port. His young wile, on \ orlee Se his determination, immediately declared that she would accompany him and his fortane, be it good or evil. Expostulation was ueeleas, and, a last resource, the basband, de- termined to take her to Beston, show her the limit- ed aecommodations on shipboard, and explain to her the various inconveniences which she would be obliged to endure, She was accord taken on board the vessel, and duly eseo! rough wit with eve! rt. The lady was perf delignted avery shung about the vessel, Sy dovknens oer ow (a one yee