The New York Herald Newspaper, January 11, 1849, Page 2

—- New York, and returning. as o from oh pg There is no part of the country where money can be made so easily a8 trav be- ween bere and New York. (‘fow muoh do ley s ») Make the calculation for me if you prre be!) | think » gentleman says @an’t got ineadey. [have doneit { have taken may troabfast here and my supper in New York [ den’t propose to touch that; it 1s the most direct route. ‘They wont let us travel as feet as they do. We ‘trave s0 fest on Lake Erie; 80 fust ae they can to and trom New Yor! It took me four days to gut to New- bureh: the distance is the same from my home as N York is from bere; and under this ehould get just as much as the gentle into an omnibus. rides to the cars, time to eat his supper. |e it fair? ofit. They eight doilars for every twe {it is too much in their cure Mr Mcarny—The gent a dows not understand all the facilities. When [ o I left at five o'oleok in the afternoon, | came on comfortably to Poile phia aud teok rupper; then en! ara 8 alt ad err slept very comfortal jock the next y time (+ Ho rs itt’) ‘The compe nration is ninety dollars; the expenses were ten dollar: whether you were « dead- know have more than one who comes under such peliation, (“ Tat must be Greeley” Ha! ba! ba!) —l was informed that my friend Mr, R science, amd would know whatdrad head was, ha! ba") It is ope who travels without paying hin fare. [Ha! ba!hba!] He says tha: there is _ am oppored co any euch privileges, and will never in- duige in them. Me. Eagan ee th i ¢ Piladelpbia Sun. [ ands. with cries of « Good ! e as knocked and bavged, and loud vooi- ferations of “ Hear,’ hear!’ Wit the gentleman froo Ohio be pers tomnerepd bis remarks until order bs Fortored!? {! Order order,’ } Mr. Gase.xy—I don’t know what the editor of the Sun muy do; but ifany geutieman choores to taquire at tbe railrosd offices at New York Philadelphia, and Baltimore, he wil! arcertain that | never ride free Mr, Roor.—The gentleman will do me the justice to emember that {| never diew btm into this. I gave ) im ihe credit of eight dollars, and w fip forthe omal- Vus. (Ha! be! ba!) We are going to reform with the ae epirit, | tru The gentioman from Mississippi tells us what he is going todo. We are kept at work ‘with the paten:r, pen-ioua and bounty lands: we can’t get away while gentlemen complain if we steal, although we way not fob more eight or ten dollarea—a petty larceny. | know of friends who keep up their Practice, not onlyin the Supreme Court, but in the County Court and the Orpban’s Court, and the same Gentlemen get the benefit of the dancing school in their own meighborhcod. aud attend somebody's parties twice @ week, regularly, And these chaps talk sbout mileage! ‘They tuke the eawe rate for coming from Boston, as othere do for coming acrvss the mouataiay, My friepd@ from Virginia, who lives over the hille, can he travel the same route as the gentlomen who live in New York ard Phiisdelphia? No, There is some better way of coming to Washington than by the out. side route, I repeat, no part of the route pays as weil ss from New York’ here, Yet, gentlemen siy we eban’t come by a roundabout way. You travel very ¢asily, and get to much, Do get more than you dot No!" If my rovte ix not so straight, it is my misf tune, not my fault. Ab! mine is not so long as you: J want the indulgence of the Chair to submit a motio: if you vote this down, | have another to bit the mark. It will dojustice to thiae who come here by rau, coach and mud: (Ha! ha! ba!) The amendment was read: That, in lieu of the mileage now silowed.—- dollars per hour by» silowed for travelling by the most exp. ditious route to the seat of Government and back. Mr Roor—It is the true fesue, if the principle can be establirbed, to find out what in the requicite time in travelling It in not as pleanant travelling over a cor- duroy roud, for hours together, asin the comfortable and cosey railroad car and stea! quality ia the thing I gofor. [ think that ho comes here and works well. ought 10 bave # dollar a day, oF burbel cf whet, (Ha! ba I think that [ have not failed to convince th mittee that the amend. ment of the gentleman from Indiana does not propose any fuirer syatum than the pierent one; and { have NEW YORK HERALD. Sorth west corner ef Fultou and Nassau sts. JAMES GORDON BENNE?T®, PROPRIETOR. += AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. BOWERY THEATRE, Bowory—Boanices—Lovws Srmar. aon, BROADWAY THEATRE, Bi cadway—Monte-Crure, NATIONAL THBATRE, Chatham Square—W acovera—Hes- ounss King or Cues. Her CRTON'S TERATRE, Chambers steeot—Douszy ap So: RE yee oy Pita CaLivonnia Mines, - ™ MECHANICS’ HALL, Broadway, Near Broome—Ouausrv's Minera ets, SOCIBTY LIBRARY, Broadway, near Loonard—New On- (gans SERBMADERS. ALHAMBRA, Broadway, near Princo—BSamvs, Lent & Co's, AMERIoaN Cincus, ZOOLOGICAL HALL, Bowory—Van Ausvncu & Co's, Mp scrnie. . MELODEON, Bowery -—Wuirae Senumavuns, ho. KEMP'S LYCEUM, Chatham Square—Rrasorian Sanawa- pene, ko., ke. New York, Thursday, January 11, 1849, The publication of the Monmivo Hematy commonced yestor day at threo o'clock, and flnished at .wenty minutes past six o'olook. Important Rumors from Washington—Ur, Polk's New Position on the Cuba and Whimot Previso Questions. We have received throngn our special private correspondent at Washington, an account of some very curious and novel rumors which are in cireu- lation among some politicians there, relative to curious change which has come over the mind of Mr. Polk, concerning the Wilmot proviso ques- tion, slavery in general, Southern slavery in parti- cular, as well as the svBject of Canadian and Cu- ban annexation Some intimations of a similar nature have been observed in the Washington cor- respondence of some of our cotemporaries, but the rumors which have been confided to us appear to have aseumed a positive form and a practica; shape. According to our authority, it is surmised that Mr. Polk and his administration are preparing a remarkable coup a’état, on certain questions of great importance, connected with California, Cuba, and Canada, looking to the popular agrtation of those questions during the administration ot Gen. Taylor. Ic is now admitted on all hands, on the floor of the Senate, as well as by unbelieving journals, that overtures of some description were made last summer, under the authority of Mr Polk’s admin- istration, for the purpose of sounding the Spanish government as to their willingness to sell or part with the Island of Cuba. The recent debute in the Senate, the defeat of the resolution call- ing for information, and the manner in which it was negatived, concur 1n strengthening the im- pression that something on the subject of the an- nexation of Cuba, has been in the wind for many months past. It is surmised, theretore, that before the termination of the present session of Congress, Mr. Polk will take an opportunity to present his ehcwn to the Commictee that, when the time comss. [ will be prepared to provide for ascertatniog the amount of time necessary for the travel. | thank the Chair fur bis efforts to preserve order Mr Guencky desired to say something. but he was met with tbe cries of “not now !” “adjourn |"? “to-mor- row!) we'll bear to morrow !”? ‘The Committee then rose, and the Speaker resumed the chair, PRINTING, Mr. Concer, from the Committee on Printing, offer- ed areroluuon providing fer the printing of a thou fand extra copies of thy report of the Secretary of ‘War, in relation to the rurvey of Buffalo harbor. Mr Toomns# at this printing was sa infemous grievance. It appeared that the Committee always re- commended the highert aumber, Mr Heny remarked that the gentleman was mista. ken, The Committee had uwfurmly endeavored to control the printing. but in every iustance where they had recommended the priptiog of » email number of docum: ntr, the Houte bas refused to concur. aad or- dered alaiger number. [t was so with the President's Beverage. Mr. Toomns replied, that he stated that the largest non ber Wax printed, not recomm nded. The nuaber of dccuments printed increased every year, Li the Patent Office report. ed cine Mr Concex simply desired to say that the subjeo ofpprinting bad been taken up by the House, without Giving the committee an opportunity to investigate, ‘The report of the Secretary of the Treasury affords one instance Mr Toonas remarked that there was the greatest ex- travagance in the printing of documents, without any public good As to the President's Message and the Secretary's report, be could not eay. He was not here the first week or two of the tession, Who are interest- ed in the harbcr of Buffalo but the people there? Mr Conoxu —All the peeple on the lakes Mr. Toomns—The papers wili print it. It is purely a local question I will not send ic to my constituents, It is to be printed becaure it auite certain people. You a rs, extracts from Mcl!ntosh’s journal, that it is Melotosh’s jourosl and you hig! it the wilesge Thatis what the Hou-e bes been about to. dey You bad better print the New [% {* Agreed!” “agreed!’| It is @ much more 4, document tothe country [ gotor it. (“So will 7)” When we go for one abuse you ruy here’s another I go for lopping them off They come, The first one | get at { will retrench. Al- fough | do not generally approve of the apirit of the f of the gemtrman from New York, | thank him for bie & Sicle on mileage i It wes 4.°* dipper time; bonger began to knock at ne fact”) 1b will views, and take ground on the subject of the future annexation of Cuba, in such a way as to make it a matter of political agitation during the next tour years, as much as the annexation of Texas was in 1844. It is true, according to the statements put forth in the organs of the Spanish government in Madrid, that there isa great repugaance in the ministry of Queen Isabella to treat at all on the cession cf Cuba to the United States; but the cor- respondents of the American and English journals in that capital, believe as much in the formal and diplomatic declarations that have been made by the Spanish newspapers on the subject as they are | entitled to, which is not agreatdeal. Whatever may be the disposition of the Spanish government in the matter, it is very certain that Spain cannot much longer continue in her present aaomalous condition, under the authority of a rash Queen and imbecile ministry, while democratic and po- pular movements are breaking out in every direc- tion all around her, with France at their head, giving them example, and cheering them into action. That there will be a popular revolu- tion in Spain seems very proba! le; and the mo- ment the monarchy shall have been abolished, then will follow at once, the same results, in the social condition of the blacks in the Spanish colo- nies, as followed he recent revolution in France, as regards the negrovs in the West Indian colonies of that republic. A revolution in Spain, of a cemocratic charaeter, would be the signal for the abolition of slavery in Cuba. Now Cuba, asa colonial possession, is valuable principally to the Spanish aristocracy at home and abroad; and, in order to avoid the destruction which would over- whelm the Islund of Cuba, by a pronuncramento abolishing slavery, we have no doubt that the Spanish government, and the Spanish aristocracy, the door, and :2 *atisfy its cravings, an sdjournment took place until to-morrow. Superior Court, + a} Before Justice Vanarepoel Yaw. O2Andrew P Piluot and Adolphus 2 L aartier ve, Henry D Dorden.—TbIs was au action on % bill of exchange for $5000 It was drawn b fondant.who rerides in Florida oa Hecksooer & Coster. of this city, in 1841, and remitted to» person named Clark The latter put it into the baodes of a Mr Oddy, who applied to the plaintiffs to divcouatit They said no; but offered to give a bill ov s house in Fravce for it.’ Oddy egreed; and they geve him s bill on their cprrerpordent 1m Havre, taking off the discount, and cbarging 6f 22/g¢ percent in addition The bill was dishonored; and the plaintiffs now seek to charge the drawer. The firrt defence set up was usury; next, that the bill was not presented in duc season; and lastly, that notice of nom acceptance was not given to the defendants, it appearing that Heckecher & Coster would not aecept the bill wi it was first presented although chey ultimately ‘The defendant rhowed that on the day of the tran action between Oddy and the plaintiffs, the exchange On France wae 6 francs 30 centimes, which Oddy paid on selling the biil on Frauce, and that the differ between this and the 6 francy 224 centiaes, as 8 id three quarters per cent over aod interest; and as the bill of exchange drawn by defendant on Heckscher & Coster was aa accommedation transaction. it wae clearly usurio ineisted that when ‘the araw prerumption in his hao re be would not accept; aad there his case to the contrary. {¢ must be that he bad in that view, it could not be copsidered an «ccommodastion transaction be- the drawer id drawee; and. therefore, not n the statute of usury A bill of exe! accepted, is like apy other arucl» of co party bu it, was at liberty to give as iis ouch ar he pleased for it iu regard to otoer defencen, it was shown that Clark, the agent of the detendant, ad votice of #)) the facts d circumstances con: reoted with the acceptance and prereat Dill, and that defendant must be deemedto would jump at the first chance of separating that island fiom Spanish domiuion, in anticipation ot euch a convulsion, and make arrangements for ceding 1tatan early day to the United States, so that the property in slaves, and the industry of the country would be preserved, under the conserva- tive government, which would, inthe event of an- nexation, cover its plains and vallies. With these views, we think the purposes attri- buted to Mr. Polk, of putting this question before the county before he leaves the White House, would be a very dexterous coup d'état, for future operations ; butin addition to this Cuban mater, we are informed that Mr. Polk 1s also contemplat- ing assuming a new ground on the Wilmot proviso, and of actually coming out in favor of excluding slavery from California in combination with his views about Cuba, as a sort of balanciag power inthe matter The private motives which may influence Mr. Polk’s mind in this singular change of opinion, can, of course, only ve interred. His public reasons, if he should adopt sucha couree, will probably have reference to the pecu- Jiar position of California, and the character of the population which 1s crowding 1ts shores, its vallies, and its mountains, since the wondertul gold dis- coveries have been made in that region. Every man must acknowledge that the tide of emigra- tion setting there from the north, will render all discussion about slavery in that region a mere surplussage and utter waste of time. There can exist no slavery in that region, while such a class of emigrants are crowding to it as those whom we see leaving every day. Mr Polk may assume this through him The jury found a verdict for the plain- iffs for $7,069 22, Before Chief Justice Oakley, Taw, 10 —Satter lee vs, Diblee and others ‘action to recever $120 = It app DGan's ae three of the mittee of # rocte! Hotland Protective Ewigra pt Society resolved to get uo a concert to benefit the objects of the socisty, and suaploged a person pamed Loder to manage and get itup Loder bem i maricians, about ht or ten in number; o concert came «ff at the Tabernacle, in Juiy Jest, and tursed outa failure, not baving produced more than paid for the room iu woich it was heid T' muricians sfterwards ateign-d their ciaima to t plaintiff, and he vow seeks to recover agalnat the de- Jendante, as the persons who employed Mr Loder to conduct the concert The defenow was technic: od the Judge directed the jury to find for the plaintiffs. Verdict accordingly fur $10 The President of the Seventh Ward Bank va. C Car- enter — Thin was on action for the recovery of $486 25 it appeared the defendant kept an ascouat in the bai 1843, on the 24 and 34 of that month he over drew it by @ cum of $5°6 25, Hu atterwards paid $100 om acoount, The Jury found « verdict for the poy doled for $486 26, and interest on that sum from ‘m C. Ousenbury ve The Mayor, hc of New York. rey Sia foune a verdict in this cause ticks rt ane This was an Before Jus ee Kowards Fan. 9.—John Doe vs Richord Kor ~ This was an ap- from the decision of the Cienit Jucge, im the matter of the will of ‘he Ja'e Samuei Rowaine, eq It poems that probate of the will was opp wea by 4 major. Of the heirs of the textator on the ground of undue nee. Ke , the Surrogate. however. sliowed the iil proved | From bis decision the heirs appes 0 Cirevit Judge The jatter reversed the ae of Surrogs'e, wod the question now comes in the shape of « to be pasted upon bye jary inthe Chose Cort ite said che casw will ocetpy tho @alnder of 1 as one of his public reasons for abandoning the neminal rights of the South, or of extending the institution of slavery to that portion of our terrt- tory; although it may also be surmised that the retiring President has been offended and chagrin- ed atthe want of confidenee exhibited towards his administration, in the recent elections Tea- nessee, Lousiana, North Carolina, Georgia, Flo- rida, all Southern States, have abandoned the Southern administration, identified with Mr. Polk, m the recent election; and even Mississippi and Virginia, were within the verge of following the same course. These events have settled deeply in the mind of Mr. Polk, as well as in many of the Southern democrats, connected with the admit nistration, and we may add some of the Northern ones too; the whole presenting strong private motives, which will be mingled with public ones, for the suspicion that, before he leaves Washing- ton, he will take an opportunity ot procuring a ter- ritorial government for Calitornia, if not for New Mexico too, and even approve of tne Wilmot pro- viso being extended to those territories, in oppost- tion to his former views on the subject as well as those of some of lis friends. Connected with these novel views, facts and in- fluences, it has also been satimated, that certain secret agents trom Washington, have been tor est in Canada, and are still there, for iberal party rome time tof a peaceas secession of the British North Amencan colonies from Britich rule an¢ authority, and their gradual apmexation to the Unit d States. It is supposed that the liberal party in Canada will commence the agitation of the matter, with the ultimate view of peceably seceding from British authority, by new projects of local revenue li.ws, and also a claim to be fully represented in the British Parliament, by members elected by themselves, Such a platform might, in a short time, produce @ great excitement and effervescence in Ca- nada, separate the masses of those provinces trom the mere British appointments and officials, and render a quiet separation of those colonies from British authority, a matter of calculation and wisdom on the part of the British government, instead of opposition. All those rumors and surmises have been com- municated to us by our private correspondent at Washington, who connects all the facts, and draws his inferences with much plausibility. Itis evident that, in leaving the Presidency, Mr. Polk and his party intend to put before the country as many new and agitating questions, forming a general coup d'état, as will be sufficient, during the next four years, to disturb, orperchance defeat, the re-election ot General Taylor, should he consent toare-nomination. Such a policy of the retiring administration would be consistent with the gen- eral character of democracy, its support of pro- gress, practical progress, geographical progress, American progress, in full agitation, and in full career. Those elements may form the principal ingredients of the future opposition party, which the democrats must become as soon as General Taylor shall have been inaugurated. With such elements, and such taleat—for we believe Mr. Buchanan, General Houston, General Worth, General Wool, form the list of candidates for the future among the democrats--with such elements to work upon and such candidates, some chance of recovering political power may be held out to them, at the end of another term of four years. Whatever may be the course or poll- cy of Mr. Polk in this matter, or however correct we maybe in sketching bis purposes, it is very certain that the destiny of this great nation is on ward; and that whatever may be thought of Cana- da, Cuba, or California, or other matters at the present day, they may become very controlling to- pics in lese than three years. The history of the Texas agitation furnishes us with an evidence during the past, of what may take place in the future. Emigrt The spirit of emmgration, which is carrying off thousands to California, so far from dying away, Increases and expands every day. All classes of pear to be under the influence of this extraordinary mania; but the distance to be travelled, and the expenses of the journey, restrict the adventurers in some measure to that class of persons whocan command some property, suffi- cient, at least, to carry them to their destination. If the government were under the necessity of making a levy of volunteers tothe amount of two or three hundred thousand men, tor any purpose in Califorma, the ranks would be filled in less than three months. It may be recollected that the en- thusiasm which sprung up for the Mexican in- vasion, after the first battle of General Taylor on the Rio Grande, swelled the ranks of the volun- teers from the various States, to the number of nearly one hundred thousand men. The mania for Mexican invasion, as it was exhibited in those days, is outstripped by the manta for emigrating to Calitornia. This mania, more humane, more safe to the adventurers, and more poetic, is at the same time far more practical and of much greaterutility then the enthusiam for Mexican invasion. What will this general and overwhelming spirit of emi- gration lead t0% Will it be the beginning of a new empue in the West--a revolution in the commercial highways ct the world—a depopulation of the old States for the new republic on the shores of the Pacitie? ‘The future alone can answer such ques tions. At this moment the spirit of emigration seems to prevail mostly in the agricultural and commer. cial States of the North, as well as in some of the Southwest. In every Atlantic seaport, vessels are being fitted up, societies are being formed, hus- bands are preparing to leave their wives, sons are parting with their mothers, and bachelors are abandoning their comforts; all are rushing head over heels towards the El Dorado on the Pacific-- that wondertul California, which sets the public mind almost on the highway to insanity. Look atthe advertising columns of the Herald, or any other journal, and you will find abundant evidence of the singular prevalence of this strange move- ment and agitation in favor of gold-digging on the Secramento. Every day, men of property and means are advertising their possessions for sale, in order to furnish them with means to reach that golden land. Every lite city and town beyond the great seaports, or within their reach, 18 torm- Ing societies either to cross the isthmus or to double Cape Horn. In the small town of New Brunswick, several scores of men of means have already taken their departure, or are about leav- ing, tor the same destination. In this day’s Herald, our readers will find a splendid grist mill, near New Bruaswick, advertised for sale by Mr. Smith, who has been overtaken by the gold fever, and cannot resist the con- tugion of the day. In Boston, companies and associations of young men, belonging to wealthy families, have taken up the line of march, and are gceing, or are gone, to that wonder- ful region. New York presents the same traits of enthusiastic emigration. A few days since, an associatien, composed of some of our most fashion- able youth, the sons of wealthy men, took their departure around Cape Horn; and every day simi- lar clubs of the young, educated, and best classes of our population, are leaving our shores. Poets, philosophers, lawyers, brokers, bankers, merchants, farmers, clergymen—all are feeling the impulse, and are preparing to go and dig for gold, and swell the number of adventurers to the new El Dorado. The spirit which has been thus awakened in this country by the diecovery of the gold mines in California, and by the authentic facts published concerning them, under the authority of the govern- ment at Washington, exceeds everything in the history of commercial adventure that has occur- red tor many ages, and can only be paralleled by that which eprung up in Spain and other parts of Europe, by the discovery of the miaeral wealth of Mexico sud Peru, by the expeditions of Cortez end Pizarro. The expedilions of those Spanish adventuces, and the consequences growing out of the wonderful wealth which they discovered in South America, are some of the principal causes which gave the Spanish nation about that time a most preponderating influence and rapid growth in European history. The wealth which flowed into Old Spain, from South America, aroused the ion to California, spirit of Spaneh adventure, which gave the government & control over other Enaropean na- tons for many years afterwards; and but for the system of monopoly which was adopted by Spain in relation to those gold discoveries, it is very likely that that country, had that movement been left to mdividual eaterprise and the developement of provate adventure, would now be the greatest commercial nation in the Old World—much greater in this reepect than even Great Britain. The system of monopoly, however, ruined the spirit of mdiviaual enterprise, which sprung up after the discovery of the mines of Pera and Mexico, by the expeditions ot Pizarro and Cortez, That system laid the foundation of the decline and tall of the Spanish empue, and originated that train of misfortune which has tollowed the Spanish bame since. s hoppy thing f CU foraia, and forthe coua: | + ites try at large, that our form of government and the epint of our people differ, to a radical extent, at this crisis of our commercial history, from those which characterised the Spanish race three cen- tunes ago. According to the accounts coming to us from every channel, the mineral wealth of Cali- fornia 18 equal to, if not greater, than that which Mexico and Peru presented at the period of their discovery by the Spamish adventurers. Yet there is no danger that the temptauon held out by the gold digging on the Sacramento will ever lay the toundation of a system of monopoly that may cor- rupt the government or the people of the United States. The spirit of general and independent emigration which now exists for that new territory, eprings, not from our government, but from the natural genius and taste of the people. The emi- grants going from the shores ot the Atlantic to those of the Pacific, are educated, intelligent, civilized, and elevated men, of the best classes of society. They are equal in every respect, and superior in many, to the first settlers of New Eng- land and Virginia, in the time of the Stuarts.— Undoubtedly, a large portion offthe low and unedu- cated classes of the people thrown upon our shores by revolutions and privations in Europe, would also seek those glorious regions on the Pacific, if they could; but the distance to be traversed, and the ex- pense of the journey, put a period to their desires, and leave_the field open and clear for the best classes to go there. We say, the discovery of those gold mines in California, let them be even richer, and more abun- dant than they are represented to be by the glowing descriptions of them, cannot, under any circum- stances, work a corruption in our goverament, or diminish the enterprise of our people in this age, living, as they do, under our social and political institutions. For portions of two ses- sions of Congress, a government for this ter- mtory has been deliberated upon, but nothing has been done yet but squabble about ridiewous points of abstraction, and debate on ridiculous and absurd theories on liberty and slavery, as ap- plied to particular races of the population. No government for California hag yet been organized, nor isit likely that the wigdom at Washington, so intent on petty quarrels, can agree on any particu- lar form. But no matter; there is no necessity for any action. No evils will grow out of the failure of Congress to doso. The remedy 13 else- where. The intelligent, enterprising, and ener- getic emigrants who are now crowding to the shores of the Pacific, will, in less than’six months, organize a government of their own, give it all the energy and enterprize of the best forms that the state of seciety can bear, and the vexed question which disturbs cliques of Congress, will be kicked into the Pacific, and the whole frame of society settled on a practical and intelligent basia around the shores of the Bay of San Francisco. In less than six months there will probably be a popu- lation of nearly one hundred thousand persons, from all parts of the world, in Califorma. The emigrants from the Northern and commercial States of this Union, carrying with them the know- ledge of their institutions here, and the experience of tree government, will soon bring those princi- ples into action, and set California on its legs as a free State, in less than a year from this day. If Congress, therefore, do not act wisely and quickly, it 1s very likely that California will take the mat. ter into her own hands, and shape her institutions and her destiny according to her own convictions and her own necessities. In the meantime, while the wise men at Wash- ington are indulging in folly after folly, the wiser men throughout the country are crowding and rush- ing from every direction to the seaports, and em- barking for that regien. The movements thus far are only the beginning of a revolution in the com- merce of the civilized world. The long projected communication of the Adantic with the Pacific, across the Isthmus, has received a great impetus by the recent discoveries in Califorma, and the emi- gration to that part of the new world. Three dif- ferent ways of effecting this communication are already under public consideration. Twenty years ago, General Gaines started the idea of a railroad from a point on the Mississippi to the Pacific. it was laughed at at the time, but at the present time three applications, if net four, are before Congress, waiting tor the concurrence of that body, to build railroads across the continent—Whitney’s at the North, Bayard’s in the centre, and a Texan project by way of the Rio Grande and across to Calitoinia. The peculiar spirit which broke out with the first victory of General Taylor, is all disappearing, and a new and wonderful commercial spirit has been developed during the last few monthsjby the discoveries in Cali- fornia. This new spirit 18 mcreasing every day with the rumors and reports from that region; and where it will end no one can tell One thing, how- ever, 18 certain, that we are on the highway of making New York on the Atlantic, and San Fran- cisco on the Pacific, the great central commercial ports of the civilized world; and of uniting Europe with Asia by railroads and steam, and thus di- minishing the time of travel between those two great continents to thirty or forty days. The effect ot these movements, and of the prevailing spirit ot enterprise and adventure, will be to produce a grea‘ revolution in the minds of the nations around us on this continent, which will, in due process of time, absorb them all within our limits and do- minion. Cuba aud Mexico and the Canadas can- not resist the contagious spirit of the age ; and they will gradually fall into the great movement which has been set on foot by the enterprise of the people of this republic, and which has begun to show iteelf in a great revolution, that will mark the future history of the civilized world. Morr Extrevagance 1x Congress.—The Hon. Masea Greeley, M. C.,as he 1s called by the ne- groesat Washington, when they touch their beavers to him in Pennsylvania avenue, has seat usa printed pamphlet of a report made by the Secre- tary of the Treasury, and presented to Congress at the commencement of the session. The cost of the printing and paper of this single copy of this production of the Hon. Secretary must amount to the gross sum of six and a quarter cents, in addition to which is to be added the enclosure in a wrapper, the time and ink consumed in addressing us at New York, including the signature of the Hon, member himeelf, to cause its passing free through the post office. Here is the fact. Now, upon the principles of Mr. Greeley, we think that this act is as wasteful, as extravagant, a8 uncalled for, as the mileage money of the membefs. It is true that this extra- vagarce only amounts to $j cents ; but Mr. Gree- ley, who is a very close calculator, is also aware that millions of dollars are made of ajxpences in sufficient number. Itis a wasteful piec# of ex. travagance, and nothing else, tor Mr. ireeley to send us such a document at such an enormous ex- pense through the United States mail! Besides, itis unnecessary. We ourself published this same document weeks ago, at two cents a copy, and sent it by thousands and thousands with other in- formation throughout the country, by the medium of our journal! Where, then, was the use of thus sending us the same document at a higher ex- pense, in a larger type, and in thicker rags, cost- ing 81x cents a copy for each individual to whom it comes, besides robbing the post office by send- ing it free under the signature of Massa Creeley ? We fear—we fear—we fear, that Mr. Greeley among the vast schemes with which his curious head 1s filled in relation to the reformation of the world, of humanity, and of the universe itself, up to the outer edge of eternity, forgets the principles of economy pictured in his pantaloons, and exhibited in the cheapness of his hat. Oh! oh! There 1s modern patriotism ‘The Ocecen Steamships. New Youn January 10, 1849, ‘Will the editors of the Herald inform & sabscriber why the British steamship Av erica, which left Liver- pool on the 30th December, is due two days before the American steamrbip United States, left Havre the Cay betore the America sailed. The latter comes dirvet to New York; the former has to oall at Halifax, qhich. it apythl gives the advantage to the United Ramarxs —The America left Liverpool on the 30th ult., for Boston, via Halifax ; and the United States did not probably leave Havre till late on the | Blet, for New York. There ia a difference of full two dayg, if nof'more, in time, distance, stopping at Halifax, &e., &c., um favor of the America. How wiil thatdo? Arrival or Gen. WoxtH at Gatveston.—We learn that a private ‘etter has been received in town, from Galveston, Texas, of the 29th ult., an- nouncing the arrival there of the Gen. Worth and staff, en route for San Antonia de Bexar. The let- ter also state! at Port Lavacca, 135 had died of the cholera, Lieut. Deaney, of Pennsy!vania, among the num- ber. Galveston was perfect!y healthy. Samina oy THE Evrora.—The British mail steamer Europa left port yesterday noon, for Li- verpool and Halifax, with forty-seven passengers for the former and five for the latter. Furtngr Davgvorements or Tax INcomINa AD- MINISTRATION.—We find the following letter in the Philadelphia Ledger, of the 10th inst. It corrobo- tates the statement which we copied a day or two since trom a letter from Baton Rouge, published in the Cincimmatt Gazette :— New Oarxans, Dec. 29, 1848. lor was expected to pay this city another out the 8th of J t which time ar- be nm ma 6! if the obolera continues to that time, it is he will net come. |b: however, had conv wish persons to whom he bas imparted so} views; and as the results of them, | will state the fol- fed upon :— 1 sign any dill passed by Congress inoorpora- Wilmot proviso in the new territories. very moderate in his political views and feel- and will soon banish ultraism from his presence. He ts opposed to removing democrats from office who have not eleotioaeered, and who have administered their duties faithfully. No prominent appointment will be given to the States of New York or Louisiana, as they are repre sented im the government by having the President and Vice President. He desiresto confer suchan appointment on Penn- rylvania; and it is probable that Mr. Blaney will be Cffered aeeatinthe cabinet, If Mr. B. does not wish 8 post, Mr. Joseph R. Ingersoll will :¢ sent to England. Perbape Mr. McKeanan may be Postmaster General, or some one else from Penneylvania. Mr. Clayton, Mr. Bell and Mr. King, are persons pretty certain to go into the cabinet Gen. Taylor will go to Nasbville and Louisville, arriv- ing at the latter piace aboat the 10th or 12th of Feb., I believe, a date he hes himeeif appointed, as you will have seen by (he papers. When in Kentucky, he will be cloeeted with Gov Crittenden, whom he most high- ly ecteems, and whose advice and opinion relative to the cabinet will be to a great extent followed. Ho will most earnestly endeavor to get him in the cabinet, as one in whom he can rely. T Gen. Extra Sxseron or tHe U. 8S. Senate —Tho President has issued notice to the members of the United States Senate calling them together in Exeoutive Session on the 6th day of March next, in order that they may act upon such nominations as may then be made by the President elect. Sporung Intelligence Puowism—Tom Hyen's: Banevit.—The benefit to Tom Hyer, announced te come off at Mager’s Saloon, in Eligabeth street, and being the last previous to his fight with Sullivan, took place last evening, and was numerously attended, about six hundred being present on the occasion. Beforejproceeding to give the‘details of the'exhibition, it may not be improper to state that the final deposit of the stakes dependent on the approaching contest between hyer and Sullivan, making in the aggregate $10,000, was posted on Monday evening last, at No. 28 Park Row, at which time the choice of locality for the fight was won by Sullivan. This fight will take place in either Maryland or Virginia,on Feb. 7th. An excite- ment the most intense has pervaded§ithe sporting circles, since the announcement of the match andthe terms of the contest; and, comparatively, much money has been staked by the sporting “blades,” as ‘was wagered by politicians on the game for the presi- dency. Betting continues evem on both men, the friends of each being in high spirits, and sanguine of success, The contert will be as fierce, desperate, and eclentifio a one as was ever fought in Europe or Amertoa —the known courage, stamina science, and the fine condition of the men, warranting that presumption, The attendance from this city will be numerous, not alone of sporting men, but of those who do not patronisa prize fighting generally, and who, in this instance are carried away by the excitement of the oo- casion. The events of the coming two months will be the prize fight of February, and the inauguration of March. But to the pugtlistic exbibition of last night. A few minutes after the hour sppointed for the per- fofmances, the gas was let on, and a staging, sur- rounded by a twenty-four feet ring, brilliantly Silumyaate d. The Master of Ceremonies, the “Park Row Pot,’ introduced to the audience two well-known “ buffers,”’ Mike Murrey and Tom Burns, but who have never yet made their debut in @ prize ring. They are both hard hittere, good stoppers, aad excellent dodgers; but think their science would appear to better advantage in @ street Sght than in the 30 rin to?” wi a Dick Sauce and contest with him. of Cooper so often duri: “bout,” that Cooper, to- warde the end, felt like Macbeth, wh exclaimed, “ Is this a dayger that [ see before me? ‘he next introduction to the audience by the “ Park yt? was two''peil mel) fighters,”’ ie ride 07 e temple tk with much caution ‘mili’’ progressed, we had every gi anly act of self-defence,’ from the sublime to the ridiculous. They were well matched how: but there was more fight then fence in their displ ne fc te ag the finer sensibilities of ar the oo tee ‘The next announcement was that of Abe Lay and Jobn Midmore. This was s capital It was ex. out down in ected that this Mr Midmore would be Bis prime,” but he possessed much mor ence than either the audience cr his antagonist snticipated The applauses of the spectators, however, atfeoted him #0 much, that, not standing on the order of his going, he went at once, after « few rounds, much to the satis- faction of his numereus friends sud admirers. ‘The next sppearance in the ring was that of Joe Winrow and Mike Murray. in the display of good hitting, stopping, and rallying. it was conceded that Murray, notwithstanding he is but an amateur showed & decided superiority over Winrow, maugre his great reputation asa prise-fighter. In fact, all were at loss to dincover By Swnat points he had acquired his great celebrity. Tom Burns and Bob Sauce were the next two that made their obeisance to the audience. This was a sup- ple affair from the start, and had an electric effect on the audience, as it instantly brought them all to tip- toe. So anxious were the combatants to damage each other and bring down the applaure of the house, that the fine points of their science were, in the moment of excitement. lost sight off. Barn’ harp hitting worried his opponent do retired after giving much satisfaction, and receiving uFe, The feature of the evening was now announced, being @ contest A 4 Thompson. On the appe he was fine proportions y Pi ae, contrast ig the two men wa* very great, it every point. 0 between Hyer baving an apparent sdvantege Aher teveral beautiful disp! of a there “great” men, with which the audience seemed bgbly pleased, and applauded to the eoho, they made their bows, the lundiord “doused the glims,’’ and the spectators “ yamoned.’’ for Congress, Hampenire. hief Justice Sharkey is spoken of as the whig candi. ye for the Governor i Missiesippi, aod Col MoClung fo the whig candidate for United States Senator, Movements of Individuals, Indge Longetreth is reported to be so ill at Harris. St to render @ reamption of his ofcial duties Chancellor Walworth, it is expected, will accept of a professorship in Union College. Law ftetiigence. Surarwe Count ov tae Unrren Steves, January 9, —No, 13, Theo. Lewis et af, appellants, vs. John Baird etal, On appeal from the Circuit Court of the United States for Ohio, Mr Justice Grier dolivered the opinion of this court, affirming the decree of the cirovyt court in this cause, with costs No 24. Jam Erwon, plaintiff in error,vs A.J. Lowry, The arga- se was continued by Mr, Bradley, for ment of thie oc it master of remov contrary, whic ‘The Legislature of Norih Cn a are. solution approving of the project of Whitney's ratiread from Iako oichignan to the Paciic, that of 400 men of the 8th Infantry | TELEGRAPSIC INTELLIG“NCE. Mann nnrnnnnnnnn THIRTIBTH CORGRESS. SECOND SKSSION, Senate. Wasninorton, Ji ‘The Senate met at half-past 12, pe a anil ‘was offered by the Chaplain. PRTITIONS AND MEMORIALS } first im order, a number were presented andre belt ferred. Mr. Dicximson presented a wemorial from New York In reference to clothing furnished, or thet should have been furnished, to volunteers during the Mexican war. Mr. D. also presented petitions for @ reduotion of pest- COLTON’s Mar OF THE UNITED states. Mr. Fitzrataicx submitted a resoluti suthorising boy Purchase of 2000 copies of Colton's map of the Jnited States, (on the jumption t! i ibited the best route over land to caren ek, =n dis- * med of some Jongth—Mesere Benton, INs0N © ; on the ours On matt CoLOMzAriON oF yaax Bic s mn, resolutions (offered yeate! bi 5 Underwood) instructs: the ‘Judiotan Comulttent inquire into the constitutionality of a iat publle money to defray the expenses of covominin fr : Finally the resolation wan tna Mr. Ux. Woon advocated the that the extent ef pow | clearly ascertained, and expressed his willin, bear both sides of the question He regretted Nortbern members manifested no desire for decisive the subject. Mr. Metcacre spoke at some length i resolutions, Tne petition presented by his colleague from Kentueky yesterday, on account of which the rey deen offered. bad its origin, sal of the petitioners to be provided agains! that might erise in Keatucky after the new tution which was wow con ght authorize the emanol- @ slave population. If it were coustitu- propriation by Congress to defray the ex- Penres of celonization would greatly encourage the Gisporition of the people of Kentucky to coasvat te emancipation of their ala nd Opposition to the Fesolutions propored would have e contrary effet, He Sppeaied to the North to net manifest » hostile atti- tude in reference to this matter. Mr. Hate opposed the resolutions, and enterad into the subject of slavery generally, deoying the: the Northern people were the first to agitate the subject, or to exhibit hostility, and co forth Mr. DouG.ass blamed both the North and South for the agitation of the subject of slavery, declaring that on both sides it was direoted by persoasl and poiicioal motives. Mr. Darrow was opposed to instructing the eommit- tee; it wassuiicient to refer the petition—ailowing the # committee te report or not, as they pleased. It was . not lik: ly that they would make # report declaring the existence of the power alluded to. He was favorabe to the colonization movement, and would oot make ita subject of agitation and dispute in Consress--which couid only retard its progress. He conciaded hy mov- ing to strike out the insteuctions from the resolutions, ‘This motion wes carried ‘Mr. Mason was opposed to any action upon the sub- ject of slavery; the question rhould not be entertained in Congress, in any shape or form whatever. Mr. Jerrenson Davis spoke in defence of the course of the South, and insisted that the position they oo- cupied was altogether » defensive one, Mr. Beraten raid that the petition was no more nor lors than ® prayer for the annual appropriation of public money to procure the emnnoipation of al considered the exercise of euch power by Cong: constitutional. He was theretore opposed to the pro- posed reference and instruotio Mr. Nivxs coincided in the vi Berrien. On the motion of Mr. Dickinson, the subject was then indefinitely postponed—yeas A MESSAGE FROM THK PARSIDENT ‘Was received, after whion the Seuate went inte exeoutive session. House of Representatives, ‘Wasninatos, Jan. 10, 1849, The House assembled at noon, as usual, the Sneaker in the obair. After the reading of the journal, the motion to reconrider the vote on the passage of MR, GOTT’s RESOLUTION, in reference toslavery in the distriot of Columbia, was declared by the Spesker to be first in order; and after some remarks, questions, and answers, by several mem- bers, Mr. Lincoun suggested am amendment to the reso- tions, proposing to liberate all the slaves in the Distrio’ after 1650, and the remuneration of their owners by the government; the States of Marylaad and Virginia to have the right of reclaiming fugitives. &o Mr, Lin- oolm spoke at length in favor of his proposition. Mr MoLan« warmly deaounoed the constant agite- tors of the subject of slavery, and said that he would not vote fors law probibiting tne slave trade ia tne Dietriot, as that would be tantemount to the abolition of the institution there ; but imaemuch as the laws of Maryland, at the time the territory of the District of Columbia was ceded to the General Goverament, oe the introduction of slaves into that State for sale, be would have Congress exercise some muai- cipal or police power to the same purpose. r Mr Ssi7H, of Indians, followed im opposition totiue “” Tesolutions, Mr. Sawven opposed the further discussion of the pubject. and moved the previous question (03. the re- consideration of the vote by which the ‘ésolutioas had been referred), which was sui mi The 8 being demai in the affirmpti Mr. Botts moved that the resolutions be now laid je, which was carried—yoas 84, adjourned. New York Legisinture, Acoawr, Jam, 10, 1849, SENATE. Mr. Lawrence reported a bill taxing agenoles for fire insurance compsnies in the city of New York, the Proceeds to be applied to the Widows and Orphans’ Fund ef the New York Fire Department This bill was reported on a memorial sent up from the depart ments, The bili for incorporating tne Astor Library Assooia- tion was taken up and debated in committee of the whole. A section was added requiring the trustees to make an annual report. Mr. Fron expressed the belief that greater safe guards might be thrown around the bequest than those contained ip the bill. The committee rose and reported progress, NOTICES OF 5 For the repeal of the law relative to births. deat! and marriages ; declaratory of the time of matoring bills drawn at sight. BILLS INTRODUCED, To repeal the Shakers’ trast act; to prohibit con- victs confined in Sing Sing State Pricon from cutting atone: for equalising asse-aments and taxlog mort. gages; to amend the bill relative to tne appoiatineat of receivers; relative to sotions against sbips tor debt. The remainder of the ression was occupied in the discussion of a bill amending the charter of the Albany. Fireman’s Insurance Company The bill, after oon- siderable debate, was finally passed The Re.election of the Hon. Mr. Atchison, Crnornnats, Jan 10, 1849, The Hon. David R. Atohison has been re-elected by the Missouri Legislature to the U.S. Senate for six years from the4th March, 1849. Deatn of Hon. a. fA. Sevier, Cincinnati, January 10, 1849, The Hon. Ambrose H. Sevier, formerly U.S Senator from Arkaneas, and recently U. 8. Commissioner in Mexico, died on the Ist inet , at the residence of Judge Johneon, below the mouth of the Arkaasas. {There has been a remarkable fatality among the United States Senators from Arkansas, within a short space of time. No less than three have die: the Hon. Chester Ashley, the Hon. Willi and now the Hon. Ambrose H. Sevier.— Hi The Beath of Rev. Dr, Levings. Cinctnnatt, Jan. 10, 1849. The Rev. Noah Levings, D. D, Financial Seeretary | of the American Bible Soolety, died at Cino! morning, of congestion of the lungs. o-9P.M. A The House proposition to appoint s joint committee to examine the Governor's vote was laid on the table, by a vote of 32 to 36, The Speaker of the House persist#i 14 the decisra- tion that Mr. Ford was elected Governor of Ohio, The Weather, é&e., at Pittsburgh. Pittssvnon, Jam. 10, 1840, The weather hero ts very 6old, and the river is closed by ice. 4 Charter Biections. Pitrsyuncn, Jan 10, 1849, Ceptein John Herring (whiz) has been elected Mayor of the oity of Pittsburgh, by # majority of 490, The whigs have seoured a majority in both brauches 4 of the City Counell, In Alleghany City, Jonathan Rush (whig) has been eleoted Mayor. sidailialtaittakhaits Collector at Baltimore—Departare fur Onit- fornia, dio. Barvimonn. Jam 10, 1849, Gon Wm. H. Marriott has buen re-appointed Vol ~ leotor of the port of Baltimore, ie The schooner Greyhound sailed to-day for Cali — fornia, if ‘The telegraph line south of Washington has been Aisconneoted for three days past. Our merkois are unebanged,